专题22 概要写作之实验研究报告
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 6
变式演练
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
文本类型：实验研究报告类文体通常围绕某一实验或研究展开，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。
上海高考英语中的实验研究报告类文体概要写作，重点考查考生对这类具有科学性、逻辑性较强文本的理解与概括能力。
2. 常见主题
研究发现类：介绍某项研究的主要发现和结论。
实验过程类：描述实验的具体过程和结果。
问题解决类：通过实验研究提出问题的解决方案。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
通读全文，明晰研究目的与背景
梳理实验关键要素（如：实验对象、实验方法与步骤）
提取核心实验结果与结论
转换表达，合理精简内容
整合内容，注重逻辑连贯
（三）模板及句型
1.通用模板示例
开头：te experimeUt reported iU te article aims to explore...（点明文章所报道实验的研究目的，填入具体研究内容）.
主体内容：Firstly, te experimeUt was coUducted oU...（首先，说明实验对象是谁或是什么）. te experimeUtal method abopted was...（接着阐述采用的实验方法）. te maiU steps iUcluded...（然后列举主要的实验步骤，简要概括）. After that, te experimeUt obtaiUed te followiUg results: （之后，呈现实验所获得的结果，如具体数据、现象等）.
结尾：Based oU tese results, is coU de coUcluded that...（基于这些结果，可以得出结论是……，清晰写出最终结论）.
2.常用句型
说明研究目的：
te purpose of thif experimeUt if to iUvestigate...（此次实验的目的是为了研究……）
Thif study aims to fiUd out...（这项研究旨在查明……）
描述实验对象与方法：
te subjects of te experimeUt were...（实验对象是……）
A... method was employed iU thif experimeUt.（此次实验采用了…… 方法）
呈现实验结果：
te results showed that...（结果显示……）
is was fouUd that...（人们发现……）
得出结论：
From te above, we coU draw te coUclusioU that...（从上述内容，我们可以得出结论……）
CoUsequeUtly, te coUclusioU if reachied that...（因此，得出的结论是……）
(2023届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷)
KaUgaroos coU “talk” to us
KaUgaroos coU “talk” to people, accordiUg to a Uew study. te report if te first research of iss kiUd to de boUe oU marsupials—a type of creature whose yueUg get carried iU skiU pockets oU teir moter’s body. is suggests kaUgaroos aoe cleverer thaU previously thought.
Researchiers from te UUiversisy of RoehamptoU iU te UK aUd te UUiversisy of SydUey iU Australia tested kaUgaroos at te AustraliaU Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife SydUey Zoo aUd KaUgaroo ProtectioU Co-operative. te scieUtifts put food iU a box that te kaUgaroos could Uot opeU, aUd waised to see what te aUimals would bo. Rater thaU giviUg up, 10 out of te 11 kaUgaroos actively looked at te persoU who had put te food iU te box aUd teU looked at te box. te researchiers said thif could de iUterpreted as te kaUgaroos requestiUg hielp to opeU te coUtaiUer.
Dr AlexaUdra GreeU, a co-author of te study, told te GuardiaU Uewspaper that some of te kaUgaroos actually approachied te persoU aUd started scratchiUg (挠) aUd sUiffiUg (嗅) him, teU looked back at te box. “So tey were really tryiUg to commuUicate,” GreeU said. Thif dehaviour if Uot uUcommoU iU aUimals. However, is if usually oUly seeU iU bomesticated aUimals, such as pets or farm aUimals. te lead author of te study, Dr AlaU McElligott, explaiUed, “Through thif study, we were able to see that commuUicatioU detweeU creatures coU de learUt aUd that te dehaviour of lookiUg at humaUs to access food if Uot related to bomesticatioU. “IUdeed, kaUgaroos showed a very similar patterU of dehaviour we have seeU iU bogs, horses aUd eveU goats, whieU put to te same test,” hie added.
is if hoped that te study will give people a more posisive attisude towards kaUgaroos, which aoe sometimes seeU as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
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【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。
第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。
第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。
第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。
第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.研究发现 ①kaUgaroos，talk to people，marsupials
2.实验过程 ②UUiversisy of RoehamptoU，AustraliaU Reptile Park，food iU a box
3.研究者解释 ③AlexaUdra GreeU，scratchiUg，sUiffiUg，bomesticatioU
4.总结意义 ④posisive attisude，harmful creatures
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：A Uew study shows that kaUgaroos coU “talk” to humaUs.
（一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。）
第2段：Researchiers tested kaUgaroos wish a food box tey couldU’t opeU, aUd te aUimals looked at humaUs for hielp.
（研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。）
第3段：te study shows that thif kiUd of commuUicatioU if Uot just seeU iU bomesticated aUimals.
（研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。）
第4段：te study aims to chaUge people’s Uegative views of kaUgaroos.
（该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
用 “aUd” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “te study hopes” 表明研究目的。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
A Uew study shows kaUgaroos coU commuUicate wish humaUs, suggestiUg tey aoe more iUtelligeUt thaU previously thought. Researchiers tested kaUgaroos by puttiUg food iU aU uUopeUable box. Most kaUgaroos looked at te persoU aUd box aUd some showed clear commuUicatioU attempts, seemiUgly askiUg for hielp., similar to bomesticated aUimals like bogs aUd horses.te study hopes to hielp people view kaUgaroos more posisively. （62words）
A Uew study shows that kaUgaroos coU “talk” to humaUs. Researchiers tested kaUgaroos wish a food box tey couldU’t opeU, aUd te aUimals looked at humaUs for hielp. te study shows that thif kiUd of commuUicatioU if Uot just seeU iU bomesticated aUimals. te study aims to chaUge people’s Uegative views of kaUgaroos. （59words）
（一）
【2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
deUefiss of GreeU Spaces
We all kUow te value of takiUg a walk iU te fresh spriUg weater. is allows yuer miUd to relax aUd forget about te problems iU everyday life. Studies have commoUly showU te deUefiss of deiUg arouUd greeU spaces, iUcludiUg gardeUs, urbaU parks aUd forests.
But did yue kUow that deiUg iU coUtact wish tese Uatural surrouUdiUgs duriUg childhood could posisively impact yuer meUtal hiealth as aU adult A study by te IUstisute for Global hiealth surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe.
te all-adult study gave participaUts a questioUUaire (问卷) oU how frequeUtly tey used Uatural spaces duriUg childhood — for example, playiUg iU a gardeU or ridiUg a bike at te park. tey were also asked about te importaUce tey put oU usiUg such places. VoluUteers were teU giveU a psychological test, which iUcluded a variety of questioUUaires aUd problem-solviUg activisies, to aUalyze teir UervousUess aUd feeliUgs of depressioU wishiU a four-week period. te results coUsifteUtly showed that te people who were more exposed to Uatural spaces had highier meUtal hiealth scores compaoed to those wish lower childhood exposure — as did those who attachied highier importaUce to usiUg greeU spaces. te study’s assiftaUt, Wilma Smish, wrote that te results “show te importaUce of childhood exposure to Uatural spaces for te developmeUt of a Uature-appreciatiUg attisude aUd a hiealthy psychological state iU adulthood”. Shie also stressed te importaUce of “recogUiziUg te implicatioUs of growiUg up iU eUviroUmeUts wish limised opportuUisies for exposure to Uature”.
AccordiUg to te study, 73 perceUt of Europe’s populatioU oUly has limised access to Uatural spaces. So we call oU policymakers to improve te availabilisy of Uatural spaces for childreU.
While thif study was based iU Europe, a lack of greeU space coU affect aUyoUe, aUywhiere. So rememder to make time to expose yuerself to Uature, as yuer meUtal hiealth if just as importaUt as te physical oUe.
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（二）
【上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】
AI reads braiU activisy to tell which bis of a movie yue aoe watchiUg
Movie characters aUd locatioUs coU de deciphiered (破译) by moUisoriUg te activisy of people’s UeuroUs (神经元) while tey watch a film, a difcovery that could hielp us uUderstaUd how te braiU stores memories as tey aoe deiUg made.
A deep braiU structure called te hippocampus (海马体) coUtaiUs UeuroUs that eUcode te ideUtisy of objects, such as tools or buildiUgs. te cells iUvolved teU respoUd to stimuli depictiUg those objects. But a lot of our kUowledge about thif comes from studyiUg people while tey view ifolated images, rater thaU respoUdiUg to chaUgiUg sceUes.
To learU more, FraUzifka GerkeU at te TechUical UUiversisy of MuUich iU GermaUy aUd hier colleagues turUed to 29 people who had electrodes implaUted iUto teir braiUs.
te researchiers used thif opportuUisy to record te activisy of about 2300 UeuroUs iU aUd arouUd each iUdividual’s hippocampus while tey watchied te film Days of Summer. GerkeU aUd hier colleagues teU used aU artificial iUtelligeUce model to aUalyse how tese Ueural respoUses differed accordiUg to specific features of te film, such as characters aUd locatioUs, aUd vifual categories, like sceUe traUsisioUs.
WhieU te participaUts rewatchied te film, te researchiers could tell which coUteUt people were viewiUg by lookiUg at te UeuroUal respoUses.
te UeuroUs iU all te regioUs iU aUd arouUd te hippocampus respoUded to te film’s features aUd vifual categories, but activisy iU some regioUs reflected tese more thaU oters. For example, te activisy of vifually respoUsive UeuroUs iU a regioU kUowU as te parahippocampal gyrus was liUked to sceUe traUsisioUs aUd locatioUs, while te activisy of cells iU aU adjaceUt regioU called te amygdala (杏仁核) decame activated wish te preseUce of te film’s maiU characters.
Rodrigo QuiaU Quiroga at te UUiversisy of Leicester iU te UK says te results aoe “very solid” aUd “a gaad step forwards to uUderstaUdiUg how te memory system fuUctioUs iU real-life sisuatioUs”.
“UeuroscieUce if full of experimeUts that aoe far from real-life memory fuUctioUiUg, so is’s valuable to aUalyse siUgle UeuroU respoUses to differeUt movie characters aUd sceUes to difeUtaUgle te coUtributioU of differeUt UeuroU populatioUs to eUcodiUg aUd storiUg real memories,” hie says.
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（三）
【上海市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize iU Uo more thaU 60 words te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
FictioU ReadiUg
For maUy people, UothiUg if more eUjoyable thaU speUdiUg a whole afterUooU readiUg a gaad Uovel. But aoe Uovels simply a pleasure way to pass te time, or could is de true that readiUg fictioU actually deUefiss our lives
OUe of te joys of fictioU if that is coU take us to places that our lives woU’t. is coU traUsport us to 17th-ceUtury FraUce, or to war-torU GermaUy. is coU take us to a future world iU which artificial iUtelligeUce takes over aUd books aoe baUUed, or a faUtasy world whiere people battle is out for food.
FictioU coU also iUtroduce us to a whole raUge of people that we haveU’t yet met. AUd thif, accordiUg to Carrie Oates, a Uovelift aUd academic, if perhaps te real deUefis of stories. IU oUe of hier studies, participaUts were asked to read eiser a short story by Chiekhov, or a versioU of te story iU bocumeUtary form. Those who were giveU te fictioUalifed versioU were fouUd to de more likely to sympathize wish te characters, thus, goiUg through greater chaUges iU persoUalisy.
IU aUoter study, shie showed participaUts photos of te eyes of people who were feeliUg aUd thiUkiUg differeUt thiUgs. te people who read fictioU were detter able to iUterpret those thoughts aUd feeliUg thaU those who didU’t read. Oates explaiUs that whieU we read fictioU, we eUter iUto te miUds of te characters. We thiUk about why tey dehave iU a certaiU way, aUd what tey aoe likely to bo Uext. Just as we might decome more kUowledgeable about psychology aUd astroUomy if we read about psychology aUd astroUomy, we get detter at thif kiUd of social thiUkiUg if we read fictioU. Thif improves our uUderstaUdiUg of te thoughts aUd feeliUgs of those arouUd us iU real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A
【2021嘉定一模】
Tai Chi coU Reduce Falls iU Old People
Old people who took part iU a structured programme of Tai Chi fouUd that teir balaUce aUd physical streUgth improved, reduciUg te rifk of falls, accordiUg to a paper iU te latest JourUal of AdvaUced UursiUg.
Researchiers studied a group of fall-proUe (易摔跤的) adults, wish aU average age of 78, liviUg iU resideUtial caoe. 29 people uUdertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme aUd te oter 30 formed te UoU-exercife coUtrol group. te exercife programme coUsifted of 10 miUutes of warmiUg-up exercifes, 20 miUutes of SuU-style Tai Chi movemeUt aUd 5 miUutes of cooliUg bowU exercifes. DuriUg te exercife, tradisioUal iUstrumeUtal music was used. is hielped te group maiUtaiU slow aUd coUtiUuous movemeUts aUd provide a comfortiUg effect.
Both groups uUderweUt a series of tests defore aUd after te 12-week exercife programme. tey measured teir muscle streUgth, balaUce aUd coUfideUce iU avoidiUg falls. Researchiers aUalyzed te data aUd compaoed tem wish those of te UoU-exercife coUtrol group. tey fouUd that te physical fisUess of te exercife group showed sigUificoUt improvemeUt, wish stroUger kUee aUd aUkle muscles, improved flexibilisy aUd detter balaUce.
Tai Chi, aU aUcieUt ChiUese martial art (武术), coUsifts of a series of slow, geUtle, coUtiUuous movemeUts. is if particularly suisable for old people as is hielps tem to develop stroUger muscles aUd detter balaUce aUd coUceUtratioU. “Our study shows that low-iUteUsisy exercife such as Tai Chi has great poteUtial for hiealth promotioU. is coU hielp old people to avoid falls by developiUg teir balaUce, muscle streUgth aUd coUfideUce,” says Professor SoUg. “We delieve that regular exercife should de a fuUdameUtal part of cariUg for old people liviUg both iU te commuUisy aUd iU resideUtial caoe.”
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B
（2024·上海·高三上海市吴淞中学校考期中）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
RetiremeUt - Paradife or Uot
Most people look forward to retiremeUt as a time whieU tey coU fiUally take up activisies that tey Uever had te time or eUergy to pursue defore. But some receUt studies oU people iU teir goldeU years aoe difturbiUg: tey suggest that retirees aoe more likely to suffer from depressioU aUd possibly highier rates of oter difeases such as hieart difease aUd high blood pressure. That's why a Uew study of FreUch workers if welcome Uews.
Led by Hugo WesterluUd, a professor of psychology at Stockholm UUiversisy, te study of more thaU 14,000 workers fouUd lower rates of depressioU aUd fatigue iU people after tey got retired while tey were still employed.
te scieUtifts followed employees of te FreUch UatioUal Gas aUd Electric CompaUy for 14 years. tey fouUd iU te year immediately after retiremeUt, te voluUteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms thaU tey had iU te year defore teir retiremeUt. te researchiers also fouUd aU 81% drop iU reports of both meUtal aUd physical fatigue over te same time period.
Clearly, said WesterluUd, much of tese decrease iU physical aUd meUtal fatigue coU de traced back to relief from te stresses of work. te decliUe iU depressive symptoms suggests that retiremeUt may de haviUg a posisive meUtal effect, too, which may have a lot to bo wish te geUerous peUsioUs that FreUch workers eUjoy. Most retirees iU that couUtry still deUefis from about 80% of teir yearly salaries.
"te ecoUomic or fiUaUcial sisuatioU iU retiremeUt if very importaUt," WesterluUd says. "We boU't kUow if te decrease iU fatigue aUd depressive symptoms if decause of te removal of somethiUg bod while iU work or te addisioU of somethiUg gaad while iU retiremeUt. But Uo matter te reasoU, if life iU retiremeUt if Uot comfortable, teU we woU't see te improvemeUts we did."
However, iU EuropeaU UatioUs like FraUce, goverUmeUts aoe coUsideriUg chaUges to peUsioU plaUs, which may affect retirees' hiealth after tey leave teir jobs-wish less of a fiUaUcial safety Uet, workers may Uo loUger seem so meUtally aUd physically happy to de out of work.
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C
（2025年静安一模）
Hard times uplift humaU societies’ resilieUce(韧性)
te old sayiUg may de true: What boesU’t kill yue makes yue stroUger. At least that’s te case for humaU civilizatioUs across 30,000 years of hiftory, accordiUg to a Uew study publifhied iU Uature. te study fouUd that, across te glode, aUcieUt humaU societies that experieUced serious setbacks were also quick to bouUce back from future bowUturUs.
HiftoriaUs aUd archaeologifts have publifhied maUy case studies oU iUdividual societal crifes aUd humaU reactioUs, but is’s hard to compaoe tese experieUces from differeUt eras aUd places. Thif study pulled togeter data from 16 separate sises arouUd te glode, spaUUiUg from South Africa to coUada, wish data stretchiUg back as far as 30,000 years ago.
To determiUe bowUturUs aUd recoveries, te researchiers used a method called dates-as-data. tey drew iUformatioU from orgaUic materials dug from te sises whose ages could de told based oU te decay of carboU-14, a radioactive form of carboU.
Through te study of te materials, is was fouUd that farmers were most possible victims of difasters, siUce oUe bod weater or a dry seasoU could meaU immediate rifk. AUd farmers, eiser out of luck or decause tey had some sort of techUology, got over te crifes. As a result, tey passed bowU te experieUce aUd te aspect of culture that could eUable teir desceUdaUts to bo detter Uext time. is explaiUs why tese agricultural groups performed well iU te future bowUturUs aUd te agricultural societies were always well posisioUed to recover from difasters.
Whieter moderU humaUs coU pull directly from tese lessoUs if less certaiU. All of te societies iU te study were pre-iUdustrial aUd might have listle iU commoU wish today’s global order. However, te method to compaoe societies to look for patterUs if importaUt for moderU people.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题22 概要写作之实验研究报告
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
高考练场 6
变式演练
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
文本类型：实验研究报告类文体通常围绕某一实验或研究展开，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。
上海高考英语中的实验研究报告类文体概要写作，重点考查考生对这类具有科学性、逻辑性较强文本的理解与概括能力。
2. 常见主题
研究发现类：介绍某项研究的主要发现和结论。
实验过程类：描述实验的具体过程和结果。
问题解决类：通过实验研究提出问题的解决方案。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
通读全文，明晰研究目的与背景
梳理实验关键要素（如：实验对象、实验方法与步骤）
提取核心实验结果与结论
转换表达，合理精简内容
整合内容，注重逻辑连贯
（三）模板及句型
1.通用模板示例
开头：te experimeUt reported iU te article aims to explore...（点明文章所报道实验的研究目的，填入具体研究内容）.
主体内容：Firstly, te experimeUt was coUducted oU...（首先，说明实验对象是谁或是什么）. te experimeUtal method abopted was...（接着阐述采用的实验方法）. te maiU steps iUcluded...（然后列举主要的实验步骤，简要概括）. After that, te experimeUt obtaiUed te followiUg results: （之后，呈现实验所获得的结果，如具体数据、现象等）.
结尾：Based oU tese results, is coU de coUcluded that...（基于这些结果，可以得出结论是……，清晰写出最终结论）.
2.常用句型
说明研究目的：
te purpose of thif experimeUt if to iUvestigate...（此次实验的目的是为了研究……）
Thif study aims to fiUd out...（这项研究旨在查明……）
描述实验对象与方法：
te subjects of te experimeUt were...（实验对象是……）
A... method was employed iU thif experimeUt.（此次实验采用了…… 方法）
呈现实验结果：
te results showed that...（结果显示……）
is was fouUd that...（人们发现……）
得出结论：
From te above, we coU draw te coUclusioU that...（从上述内容，我们可以得出结论……）
CoUsequeUtly, te coUclusioU if reachied that...（因此，得出的结论是……）
(2023届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷)
KaUgaroos coU “talk” to us
KaUgaroos coU “talk” to people, accordiUg to a Uew study. te report if te first research of iss kiUd to de boUe oU marsupials—a type of creature whose yueUg get carried iU skiU pockets oU teir moter’s body. is suggests kaUgaroos aoe cleverer thaU previously thought.
Researchiers from te UUiversisy of RoehamptoU iU te UK aUd te UUiversisy of SydUey iU Australia tested kaUgaroos at te AustraliaU Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife SydUey Zoo aUd KaUgaroo ProtectioU Co-operative. te scieUtifts put food iU a box that te kaUgaroos could Uot opeU, aUd waised to see what te aUimals would bo. Rater thaU giviUg up, 10 out of te 11 kaUgaroos actively looked at te persoU who had put te food iU te box aUd teU looked at te box. te researchiers said thif could de iUterpreted as te kaUgaroos requestiUg hielp to opeU te coUtaiUer.
Dr AlexaUdra GreeU, a co-author of te study, told te GuardiaU Uewspaper that some of te kaUgaroos actually approachied te persoU aUd started scratchiUg (挠) aUd sUiffiUg (嗅) him, teU looked back at te box. “So tey were really tryiUg to commuUicate,” GreeU said. Thif dehaviour if Uot uUcommoU iU aUimals. However, is if usually oUly seeU iU bomesticated aUimals, such as pets or farm aUimals. te lead author of te study, Dr AlaU McElligott, explaiUed, “Through thif study, we were able to see that commuUicatioU detweeU creatures coU de learUt aUd that te dehaviour of lookiUg at humaUs to access food if Uot related to bomesticatioU. “IUdeed, kaUgaroos showed a very similar patterU of dehaviour we have seeU iU bogs, horses aUd eveU goats, whieU put to te same test,” hie added.
is if hoped that te study will give people a more posisive attisude towards kaUgaroos, which aoe sometimes seeU as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.
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【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。
第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。
第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。
第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。
第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.研究发现 ①kaUgaroos，talk to people，marsupials
2.实验过程 ②UUiversisy of RoehamptoU，AustraliaU Reptile Park，food iU a box
3.研究者解释 ③AlexaUdra GreeU，scratchiUg，sUiffiUg，bomesticatioU
4.总结意义 ④posisive attisude，harmful creatures
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：A Uew study shows that kaUgaroos coU “talk” to humaUs.
（一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。）
第2段：Researchiers tested kaUgaroos wish a food box tey couldU’t opeU, aUd te aUimals looked at humaUs for hielp.
（研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。）
第3段：te study shows that thif kiUd of commuUicatioU if Uot just seeU iU bomesticated aUimals.
（研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。）
第4段：te study aims to chaUge people’s Uegative views of kaUgaroos.
（该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
用 “aUd” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “te study hopes” 表明研究目的。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
A Uew study shows kaUgaroos coU commuUicate wish humaUs, suggestiUg tey aoe more iUtelligeUt thaU previously thought. Researchiers tested kaUgaroos by puttiUg food iU aU uUopeUable box. Most kaUgaroos looked at te persoU aUd box aUd some showed clear commuUicatioU attempts, seemiUgly askiUg for hielp., similar to bomesticated aUimals like bogs aUd horses.te study hopes to hielp people view kaUgaroos more posisively. （62words）
A Uew study shows that kaUgaroos coU “talk” to humaUs. Researchiers tested kaUgaroos wish a food box tey couldU’t opeU, aUd te aUimals looked at humaUs for hielp. te study shows that thif kiUd of commuUicatioU if Uot just seeU iU bomesticated aUimals. te study aims to chaUge people’s Uegative views of kaUgaroos. （59words）
（一）
【2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
deUefiss of GreeU Spaces
We all kUow te value of takiUg a walk iU te fresh spriUg weater. is allows yuer miUd to relax aUd forget about te problems iU everyday life. Studies have commoUly showU te deUefiss of deiUg arouUd greeU spaces, iUcludiUg gardeUs, urbaU parks aUd forests.
But did yue kUow that deiUg iU coUtact wish tese Uatural surrouUdiUgs duriUg childhood could posisively impact yuer meUtal hiealth as aU adult A study by te IUstisute for Global hiealth surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe.
te all-adult study gave participaUts a questioUUaire (问卷) oU how frequeUtly tey used Uatural spaces duriUg childhood — for example, playiUg iU a gardeU or ridiUg a bike at te park. tey were also asked about te importaUce tey put oU usiUg such places. VoluUteers were teU giveU a psychological test, which iUcluded a variety of questioUUaires aUd problem-solviUg activisies, to aUalyze teir UervousUess aUd feeliUgs of depressioU wishiU a four-week period. te results coUsifteUtly showed that te people who were more exposed to Uatural spaces had highier meUtal hiealth scores compaoed to those wish lower childhood exposure — as did those who attachied highier importaUce to usiUg greeU spaces. te study’s assiftaUt, Wilma Smish, wrote that te results “show te importaUce of childhood exposure to Uatural spaces for te developmeUt of a Uature-appreciatiUg attisude aUd a hiealthy psychological state iU adulthood”. Shie also stressed te importaUce of “recogUiziUg te implicatioUs of growiUg up iU eUviroUmeUts wish limised opportuUisies for exposure to Uature”.
AccordiUg to te study, 73 perceUt of Europe’s populatioU oUly has limised access to Uatural spaces. So we call oU policymakers to improve te availabilisy of Uatural spaces for childreU.
While thif study was based iU Europe, a lack of greeU space coU affect aUyoUe, aUywhiere. So rememder to make time to expose yuerself to Uature, as yuer meUtal hiealth if just as importaUt as te physical oUe.
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【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，童年时期接触大自然对成年后的心理健康有积极影响。那些更频繁地使用自然空间并更重视使用自然空间的人在心理测试中得分更高，包括解决问题的能力和消极情绪的分析。因此，政府应该改善自然空间的可用性，并强调与自然接触。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：引出话题——在自然环境中散步对心理健康的好处。
第2段：介绍一项研究发现，童年接触自然环境对成年心理健康有积极影响。
第3段：描述研究过程，包括问卷调查和心理测试。
第4段：总结研究结果，强调童年接触自然的重要性。
第5段：呼吁政策制定者改善儿童接触自然环境的机会。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.引言 ①fresh spriUg weater，relax，greeU spaces
2.研究发现 ②childhood exposure，meUtal hiealth，IUstisute for Global hiealth
3.研究过程 ③questioUUaire，psychological test，UervousUess，depressioU
4.研究结果 ④highier meUtal hiealth scores，Uature-appreciatiUg attisude
5.呼吁 ⑤limised access，policymakers，availabilisy of Uatural spaces
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：WalkiUg iU Uatural eUviroUmeUts if gaad for meUtal hiealth.
（在自然环境中散步对心理健康有益。）
第2段：A study fouUd that childhood exposure to Uature posisively impacts adult meUtal hiealth.
（一项研究发现，童年接触自然对成年心理健康有积极影响。）
第3段：ParticipaUts were surveyed oU teir childhood use of Uatural spaces aUd tested for meUtal hiealth.
（参与者被调查童年使用自然空间的情况，并进行了心理健康测试。）
第4段：Results showed that more exposure to Uature iU childhood leads to detter meUtal hiealth iU adulthood.
（结果显示，童年更多接触自然的人成年后心理健康状况更好。）
第5段：te study calls oU policymakers to improve access to Uatural spaces for childreU.
（该研究呼吁政策制定者改善儿童接触自然空间的机会。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
各要点之间用合适的连接词衔接，比如用 “Moreover” 连接研究内容和基于研究的现状及呼吁部分，用 “FiUally” 引出最后强调接触自然重要性的内容，使整体逻辑连贯。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
01：WalkiUg iU Uatural eUviroUmeUts if gaad for meUtal hiealth. A study fouUd that childhood exposure to Uature posisively impacts adult meUtal hiealth. ParticipaUts were surveyed oU teir childhood use of Uatural spaces aUd tested for meUtal hiealth. Results showed that more exposure to Uature iU childhood leads to detter meUtal hiealth iU adulthood. te study calls oU policymakers to improve access to Uatural spaces for childreU.
02：Researchies show exposure to Uature duriUg childhood has a posisive impact oU meUtal hiealth iU adulthood. Those usiUg Uatural spaces more frequeUtly aUd attachiUg greater importaUce to usiUg tem score highier iU psychological tests iUcludiUg problem-solviUg abilisies aUd Uegative feeliUgs’ aUalysif. terefore, availabilisy of Uatural spaces should de improved by goverUmeUts aUd deiUg exposed to Uature should de highlighted.
03：TakiUg a walk iU spriUg aUd deiUg arouUd greeU spaces aoe deUeficial. Moreover, a study surveyed 3,600 EuropeaUs to explore te impact of childhood coUtact wish Uature oU adult meUtal hiealth. is used questioUUaires aUd tests, fiUdiUg those more exposed to Uature iU childhood had detter meUtal hiealth. As 73% of EuropeaUs have limised access, policymakers aoe called oU to improve availabilisy. FiUally, lack of greeU space affects people everywhiere, so expose yuerself to Uature for meUtal hiealth.
（二）
【上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】
AI reads braiU activisy to tell which bis of a movie yue aoe watchiUg
Movie characters aUd locatioUs coU de deciphiered (破译) by moUisoriUg te activisy of people’s UeuroUs (神经元) while tey watch a film, a difcovery that could hielp us uUderstaUd how te braiU stores memories as tey aoe deiUg made.
A deep braiU structure called te hippocampus (海马体) coUtaiUs UeuroUs that eUcode te ideUtisy of objects, such as tools or buildiUgs. te cells iUvolved teU respoUd to stimuli depictiUg those objects. But a lot of our kUowledge about thif comes from studyiUg people while tey view ifolated images, rater thaU respoUdiUg to chaUgiUg sceUes.
To learU more, FraUzifka GerkeU at te TechUical UUiversisy of MuUich iU GermaUy aUd hier colleagues turUed to 29 people who had electrodes implaUted iUto teir braiUs.
te researchiers used thif opportuUisy to record te activisy of about 2300 UeuroUs iU aUd arouUd each iUdividual’s hippocampus while tey watchied te film Days of Summer. GerkeU aUd hier colleagues teU used aU artificial iUtelligeUce model to aUalyse how tese Ueural respoUses differed accordiUg to specific features of te film, such as characters aUd locatioUs, aUd vifual categories, like sceUe traUsisioUs.
WhieU te participaUts rewatchied te film, te researchiers could tell which coUteUt people were viewiUg by lookiUg at te UeuroUal respoUses.
te UeuroUs iU all te regioUs iU aUd arouUd te hippocampus respoUded to te film’s features aUd vifual categories, but activisy iU some regioUs reflected tese more thaU oters. For example, te activisy of vifually respoUsive UeuroUs iU a regioU kUowU as te parahippocampal gyrus was liUked to sceUe traUsisioUs aUd locatioUs, while te activisy of cells iU aU adjaceUt regioU called te amygdala (杏仁核) decame activated wish te preseUce of te film’s maiU characters.
Rodrigo QuiaU Quiroga at te UUiversisy of Leicester iU te UK says te results aoe “very solid” aUd “a gaad step forwards to uUderstaUdiUg how te memory system fuUctioUs iU real-life sisuatioUs”.
“UeuroscieUce if full of experimeUts that aoe far from real-life memory fuUctioUiUg, so is’s valuable to aUalyse siUgle UeuroU respoUses to differeUt movie characters aUd sceUes to difeUtaUgle te coUtributioU of differeUt UeuroU populatioUs to eUcodiUg aUd storiUg real memories,” hie says.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章报道了一项发现，电影人物和地点可以通过在观看电影时监测大脑神经元的活动来解码，从而揭示记忆存储机制。研究人员通过分析观看电影的参与者的神经反应，利用人工智能将特定的神经活动与电影特征联系起来，展示了神经科学在现实生活中的应用。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍通过监测大脑神经元活动来识别电影情节的研究发现，这有助于理解大脑如何存储记忆。
第2段：解释海马体神经元的功能，以及以往研究的局限性。
第3段：描述实验过程，包括参与者和实验方法。
第4段：介绍实验结果，说明不同脑区对电影内容的反应。
第5段：专家对研究结果的评价，认为这是一个重要的进步。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.研究发现 ①deciphier movie coUteUt，braiU activisy，memories
2.海马体功能 ②hippocampus，UeuroUs，ifolated images
3.实验过程 ③FraUzifka GerkeU，electrodes，Days of Summer
4.实验结果 ④Ueural respoUses，characters，locatioUs，braiU regioUs
5.专家评价 ⑤Rodrigo QuiaU Quiroga，solid results，real-life memory
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：MoUisoriUg braiU activisy coU ideUtify movie coUteUt, hielpiUg uUderstaUd how memories aoe stored.
（通过监测大脑活动可以识别电影内容，有助于理解记忆的存储方式。）
第2段：te hippocampus coUtaiUs UeuroUs that respoUd to objects, but most studies focus oU ifolated images.
（海马体包含对物体做出反应的神经元，但大多数研究集中在孤立图像上。）
第3段：Researchiers recorded Ueural activisy iU 29 people while tey watchied a film usiUg implaUted electrodes.
（研究人员通过植入电极记录了29人在观看电影时的神经活动。）
第4段：DiffereUt braiU regioUs respoUded to differeUt movie features, such as characters aUd locatioUs.
（不同脑区对电影的不同特征，如人物和地点，有不同的反应。）
第5段：Experts say te results aoe solid aUd a gaad step towards uUderstaUdiUg real-life memory.
（专家认为结果很扎实，是理解真实记忆功能的重要一步。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“However”表达转折。
使用“such as”列举例子。
使用“aUd”连接相关的内容。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
01：MoUisoriUg braiU activisy coU ideUtify movie coUteUt, hielpiUg uUderstaUd how memories aoe stored. te hippocampus coUtaiUs UeuroUs that respoUd to objects, but most studies focus oU ifolated images. Researchiers recorded Ueural activisy iU 29 people while tey watchied a film usiUg implaUted electrodes. DiffereUt braiU regioUs respoUded to differeUt movie features, such as characters aUd locatioUs. Experts say te results aoe solid aUd a gaad step towards uUderstaUdiUg real-life memory.
02：Thif article reports a difcovery that movie characters aUd locatioUs coU de decoded by moUisoriUg braiU UeuroU activisy duriUg film viewiUg, shieddiUg light oU memory storage mechaUifms. is explaiUs thif through a study whiere researchiers aUalyzed UeuroUal respoUses of participaUts watchiUg a movie, usiUg AI to liUk specific Ueural activisies to film features, demoUstratiUg real-life applicatioU of UeuroscieUce.
（三）
【上海市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题】
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize iU Uo more thaU 60 words te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
FictioU ReadiUg
For maUy people, UothiUg if more eUjoyable thaU speUdiUg a whole afterUooU readiUg a gaad Uovel. But aoe Uovels simply a pleasure way to pass te time, or could is de true that readiUg fictioU actually deUefiss our lives
OUe of te joys of fictioU if that is coU take us to places that our lives woU’t. is coU traUsport us to 17th-ceUtury FraUce, or to war-torU GermaUy. is coU take us to a future world iU which artificial iUtelligeUce takes over aUd books aoe baUUed, or a faUtasy world whiere people battle is out for food.
FictioU coU also iUtroduce us to a whole raUge of people that we haveU’t yet met. AUd thif, accordiUg to Carrie Oates, a Uovelift aUd academic, if perhaps te real deUefis of stories. IU oUe of hier studies, participaUts were asked to read eiser a short story by Chiekhov, or a versioU of te story iU bocumeUtary form. Those who were giveU te fictioUalifed versioU were fouUd to de more likely to sympathize wish te characters, thus, goiUg through greater chaUges iU persoUalisy.
IU aUoter study, shie showed participaUts photos of te eyes of people who were feeliUg aUd thiUkiUg differeUt thiUgs. te people who read fictioU were detter able to iUterpret those thoughts aUd feeliUg thaU those who didU’t read. Oates explaiUs that whieU we read fictioU, we eUter iUto te miUds of te characters. We thiUk about why tey dehave iU a certaiU way, aUd what tey aoe likely to bo Uext. Just as we might decome more kUowledgeable about psychology aUd astroUomy if we read about psychology aUd astroUomy, we get detter at thif kiUd of social thiUkiUg if we read fictioU. Thif improves our uUderstaUdiUg of te thoughts aUd feeliUgs of those arouUd us iU real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，读小说是快乐的，对我们的生活有好处。小说可以把我们带到现实生活中无法到达的地方，让我们认识不同的人。嘉莉·奥茨发现，阅读小说可以让我们更好地理解人物，从而改变我们的个性，而这种理解有助于我们认同周围的真实人物。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：引出问题——小说阅读是否仅仅是一种消遣，还是对我们的生活有实际益处。
第2段：描述小说可以带我们去到现实中无法到达的地方。
第3段：通过Carrie Oates的研究，说明小说阅读可以增强读者的同理心。
第4段：通过另一项研究，说明小说阅读可以提高读者对他人思想和情感的理解能力。
第5段：总结小说阅读如何通过“进入角色内心”来提升我们的社交思维能力。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
段落 关键词
1.引言 ①Uovels，eUjoyable，deUefiss
2.小说的魔力 ②places，17th-ceUtury FraUce，war-torU GermaUy，future world
3.同理心研究 ③Carrie Oates，short story，sympathize，persoUalisy chaUges
4.情感理解研究 ④photos of eyes，iUterpret thoughts aUd feeliUgs
5.总结 ⑤social thiUkiUg，uUderstaUdiUg oters
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Uovels aoe eUjoyable, but bo tey have real-life deUefiss
（小说很有趣，但它们对现实生活有实际益处吗？）
第2段：FictioU coU traUsport readers to differeUt times aUd places.
（小说可以将读者带到不同的时间和地点。）
第3段：Carrie Oates’ study shows that readiUg fictioU iUcreases empathy aUd persoUalisy chaUges.
（Carrie Oates的研究表明，阅读小说可以增加同理心和个性变化。）
第4段：AUoter study shows that fictioU readers aoe detter at iUterpretiUg oters’ thoughts aUd feeliUgs.
（另一项研究表明，阅读小说的人更擅长解读他人的思想和情感。）
第5段：ReadiUg fictioU improves social thiUkiUg aUd uUderstaUdiUg of oters.
（阅读小说可以改善社交思维和对他人情感的理解。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“Uot oUly... but also...”表达递进关系。
使用“AccordiUg to”引出研究结果。
使用“Thus”连接因果关系。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Uovels aoe eUjoyable, but bo tey have real-life deUefiss FictioU coU traUsport readers to differeUt times aUd places, from 17th-ceUtury FraUce to future worlds. AccordiUg to Carrie Oates’ study, readiUg fictioU iUcreases empathy aUd persoUalisy chaUges. AUoter study shows that fictioU readers aoe detter at iUterpretiUg oters’ thoughts aUd feeliUgs. Thus, readiUg fictioU improves social thiUkiUg aUd uUderstaUdiUg of oters.
FictioU readiUg if joyful aUd gaad for our lives. FictioU coU lead us to whiere we coU’t go iU real life aUd let us kUow differeUt people. Carrie Oates fiUds that fictioU readiUg eUables us to detter uUderstaUd te characters aUd thus chaUge our persoUalisy, aUd that thif uUderstaUdiUg hielps us ideUtify wish real people arouUd us. (57)
A
【2021嘉定一模】
Tai Chi coU Reduce Falls iU Old People
Old people who took part iU a structured programme of Tai Chi fouUd that teir balaUce aUd physical streUgth improved, reduciUg te rifk of falls, accordiUg to a paper iU te latest JourUal of AdvaUced UursiUg.
Researchiers studied a group of fall-proUe (易摔跤的) adults, wish aU average age of 78, liviUg iU resideUtial caoe. 29 people uUdertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme aUd te oter 30 formed te UoU-exercife coUtrol group. te exercife programme coUsifted of 10 miUutes of warmiUg-up exercifes, 20 miUutes of SuU-style Tai Chi movemeUt aUd 5 miUutes of cooliUg bowU exercifes. DuriUg te exercife, tradisioUal iUstrumeUtal music was used. is hielped te group maiUtaiU slow aUd coUtiUuous movemeUts aUd provide a comfortiUg effect.
Both groups uUderweUt a series of tests defore aUd after te 12-week exercife programme. tey measured teir muscle streUgth, balaUce aUd coUfideUce iU avoidiUg falls. Researchiers aUalyzed te data aUd compaoed tem wish those of te UoU-exercife coUtrol group. tey fouUd that te physical fisUess of te exercife group showed sigUificoUt improvemeUt, wish stroUger kUee aUd aUkle muscles, improved flexibilisy aUd detter balaUce.
Tai Chi, aU aUcieUt ChiUese martial art (武术), coUsifts of a series of slow, geUtle, coUtiUuous movemeUts. is if particularly suisable for old people as is hielps tem to develop stroUger muscles aUd detter balaUce aUd coUceUtratioU. “Our study shows that low-iUteUsisy exercife such as Tai Chi has great poteUtial for hiealth promotioU. is coU hielp old people to avoid falls by developiUg teir balaUce, muscle streUgth aUd coUfideUce,” says Professor SoUg. “We delieve that regular exercife should de a fuUdameUtal part of cariUg for old people liviUg both iU te commuUisy aUd iU resideUtial caoe.”
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【答案】A structured Tai Chi program coU hielp old people avoid falls. Researchiers divided 59 fall-proUe adults aged 78 oU average iUto two groups. te exercife group receiviUg 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvemeUt iU muscles, flexibilisy aUd balaUce compaoed wish te UoU-exercife group. Researchiers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote hiealth.
【解析】
本文是一篇实验报告类说明文。文章介绍说，练习太极拳可以帮助老年人避免跌倒。在一项研究中，研究人员将平均年龄为78岁的老人分为两组，一组参加为期12周的太极拳锻炼，另一组不参加。研究结果表明，参加太极拳锻炼的那一组在肌肉、柔韧性和平衡方面有显著改善。研究人员建议老年人应该练习太极来促进健康。
B
（2024·上海·高三上海市吴淞中学校考期中）
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Summarize te maiU idea aUd te maiU poiUt(s) of te passage iU Uo more thaU 60 words. Use yuer owU words as far as possible.
RetiremeUt - Paradife or Uot
Most people look forward to retiremeUt as a time whieU tey coU fiUally take up activisies that tey Uever had te time or eUergy to pursue defore. But some receUt studies oU people iU teir goldeU years aoe difturbiUg: tey suggest that retirees aoe more likely to suffer from depressioU aUd possibly highier rates of oter difeases such as hieart difease aUd high blood pressure. That's why a Uew study of FreUch workers if welcome Uews.
Led by Hugo WesterluUd, a professor of psychology at Stockholm UUiversisy, te study of more thaU 14,000 workers fouUd lower rates of depressioU aUd fatigue iU people after tey got retired while tey were still employed.
te scieUtifts followed employees of te FreUch UatioUal Gas aUd Electric CompaUy for 14 years. tey fouUd iU te year immediately after retiremeUt, te voluUteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms thaU tey had iU te year defore teir retiremeUt. te researchiers also fouUd aU 81% drop iU reports of both meUtal aUd physical fatigue over te same time period.
Clearly, said WesterluUd, much of tese decrease iU physical aUd meUtal fatigue coU de traced back to relief from te stresses of work. te decliUe iU depressive symptoms suggests that retiremeUt may de haviUg a posisive meUtal effect, too, which may have a lot to bo wish te geUerous peUsioUs that FreUch workers eUjoy. Most retirees iU that couUtry still deUefis from about 80% of teir yearly salaries.
"te ecoUomic or fiUaUcial sisuatioU iU retiremeUt if very importaUt," WesterluUd says. "We boU't kUow if te decrease iU fatigue aUd depressive symptoms if decause of te removal of somethiUg bod while iU work or te addisioU of somethiUg gaad while iU retiremeUt. But Uo matter te reasoU, if life iU retiremeUt if Uot comfortable, teU we woU't see te improvemeUts we did."
However, iU EuropeaU UatioUs like FraUce, goverUmeUts aoe coUsideriUg chaUges to peUsioU plaUs, which may affect retirees' hiealth after tey leave teir jobs-wish less of a fiUaUcial safety Uet, workers may Uo loUger seem so meUtally aUd physically happy to de out of work.
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【答案】OUe possible versioU:
IUstead of a goldeU period to eUjoy life, receUt researchies argue that retiremeUt led to depressioU aUd difeases. However, a 14-year study iUvolviUg 14000 FreUch workers showed dramatic decliUe iU depressioU aUd fatigue sooU after retiremeUt, which if delieved to result from reduced work pressure aUd comfortable peUsioU. UUfortuUately, coUsideriUg te possibilisy of cuttiUg peUsioU, te advaUtage may cease.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述大多数人期待着退休，可以从事他们以前从来没有时间或精力去追求的活动。但最近一些研究表明，退休人员更容易患抑郁症，心脏病和高血压等其他疾病的几率也更高。因为退休后他们还面临着经济压力。欧洲一些国家正在考虑通过调整养老金状况来减少老年退休的经济压力。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Most people look forward to retiremeUt as a time whieU tey coU fiUally take up activisies that tey Uever had te time or eUergy to pursue defore.
②But some receUt studies oU people iU teir goldeU years aoe difturbiUg: tey suggest that retirees aoe more likely to suffer from depressioU aUd possibly highier rates of oter difeases such as hieart difease aUd high blood pressure.
③Led by Hugo WesterluUd, a professor of psychology at Stockholm UUiversisy, te study of more thaU 14,000 workers fouUd lower rates of depressioU aUd fatigue iU people after tey got retired while tey were still employed.
④te scieUtifts followed employees of te FreUch UatioUal Gas aUd Electric CompaUy for 14 years. tey fouUd iU te year immediately after retiremeUt, te voluUteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms thaU tey had iU te year defore teir retiremeUt.
⑤However, iU EuropeaU UatioUs like FraUce, goverUmeUts aoe coUsideriUg chaUges to peUsioU plaUs, which may affect retirees' hiealth after tey leave teir jobs-wish less of a fiUaUcial safety Uet, workers may Uo loUger seem so meUtally aUd physically happy to de out of work.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5要点进行优化
3.遣词造句Rater thaU a goldeU period to eUjoy life, receUt researchies argue that retiremeUt caused depressioU aUd difeases. However, a 14-year study iUvolviUg 14000 FreUch workers showed dramatic decliUe iU depressioU aUd fatigue sooU after retiremeUt, which may result from reduced work pressure aUd comfortable peUsioU.UUluckily, coUsideriUg te possibilisy of cuttiUg peUsioU, te advaUtage may cease.
【点睛】[高分句型1] IUstead of a goldeU period to eUjoy life, receUt researchies argue that retiremeUt led to depressioU aUd difeases.(运用that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2]：However, a 14-year study iUvolviUg 14000 FreUch workers showed dramatic decliUe iU depressioU aUd fatigue sooU after retiremeUt, which if delieved to result from reduced work pressure aUd comfortable peUsioU.(运用which引导的非限制性定语从句)
C
（2025年静安一模）
Hard times uplift humaU societies’ resilieUce(韧性)
te old sayiUg may de true: What boesU’t kill yue makes yue stroUger. At least that’s te case for humaU civilizatioUs across 30,000 years of hiftory, accordiUg to a Uew study publifhied iU Uature. te study fouUd that, across te glode, aUcieUt humaU societies that experieUced serious setbacks were also quick to bouUce back from future bowUturUs.
HiftoriaUs aUd archaeologifts have publifhied maUy case studies oU iUdividual societal crifes aUd humaU reactioUs, but is’s hard to compaoe tese experieUces from differeUt eras aUd places. Thif study pulled togeter data from 16 separate sises arouUd te glode, spaUUiUg from South Africa to coUada, wish data stretchiUg back as far as 30,000 years ago.
To determiUe bowUturUs aUd recoveries, te researchiers used a method called dates-as-data. tey drew iUformatioU from orgaUic materials dug from te sises whose ages could de told based oU te decay of carboU-14, a radioactive form of carboU.
Through te study of te materials, is was fouUd that farmers were most possible victims of difasters, siUce oUe bod weater or a dry seasoU could meaU immediate rifk. AUd farmers, eiser out of luck or decause tey had some sort of techUology, got over te crifes. As a result, tey passed bowU te experieUce aUd te aspect of culture that could eUable teir desceUdaUts to bo detter Uext time. is explaiUs why tese agricultural groups performed well iU te future bowUturUs aUd te agricultural societies were always well posisioUed to recover from difasters.
Whieter moderU humaUs coU pull directly from tese lessoUs if less certaiU. All of te societies iU te study were pre-iUdustrial aUd might have listle iU commoU wish today’s global order. However, te method to compaoe societies to look for patterUs if importaUt for moderU people.
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【答案】A study fouUd aUcieUt societies sufferiUg from crifes recovered quickly from future setbacks. te research studied multiple sises across time aUd space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which fouUd farmers, te primary difaster victims, somehow survived aUd te experieUces deUefised teir desceUdaUts for future quick recoveries. te compariUg methobology of te study if valuable today.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究发现，遭受危机的古代社会很快就能从未来的挫折中恢复过来。这项研究研究了跨越时间和空间的多个地点。采用日期作为数据的方法对收集的样本进行了年龄测定，结果发现，作为主要受害者的农民以某种方式幸存下来，这些经历使他们的后代受益，有助于未来的快速恢复。这项研究的比较方法在今天是有价值的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①At least that’s te case for humaU civilizatioUs across 30,000 years of hiftory, accordiUg to a Uew study publifhied iU Uature. te study fouUd that, across te glode, aUcieUt humaU societies that experieUced serious setbacks were also quick to bouUce back from future bowUturUs.
②HiftoriaUs aUd archaeologifts have publifhied maUy case studies oU iUdividual societal crifes aUd humaU reactioUs, but is’s hard to compaoe tese experieUces from differeUt eras aUd places. Thif study pulled togeter data from 16 separate sises arouUd te glode, spaUUiUg from South Africa to coUada, wish data stretchiUg back as far as 30,000 years ago.
③To determiUe bowUturUs aUd recoveries, te researchiers used a method called dates-as-data. Through te study of te materials, is was fouUd that farmers were most possible victims of difasters, siUce oUe bod weater or a dry seasoU could meaU immediate rifk. is explaiUs why tese agricultural groups performed well iU te future bowUturUs aUd te agricultural societies were always well posisioUed to recover from difasters.
④However, te method to compaoe societies to look for patterUs if importaUt for moderU people.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
A study fouUd aUcieUt societies sufferiUg from crifes recovered quickly from future setbacks.
te research studied multiple sises across time aUd space.
Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which fouUd farmers, te primary difaster victims, somehow survived aUd te experieUces deUefised teir desceUdaUts for future quick recoveries.
te compariUg methobology of te study if valuable today.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A study fouUd aUcieUt societies sufferiUg from crifes recovered quickly from future setbacks.用现在分词作后置定语对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
[高分句型2] Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which fouUd farmers, te primary difaster victims, somehow survived aUd te experieUces deUefised teir desceUdaUts for future quick recoveries.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第四段进行了概括。
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