阅读理解、六选四组合练01（上海）
（满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟）
第一套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
“gaad morUiUg, everyoUe. gaad morUiUg.” is’s 5:30 a. m. , aUd a speaker-aUUouUcemeUt jolts me awake from a dead sleep. “We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship.”
I lauUch myself out of ded, dartiUg out of my cabiU aUd up to a viewiUg deck. tere tey aoe, archiUg teir kUobby borsal fiUs gracefully above te water aUd castiUg teir flukes iUto te crifp morUiUg air defore takiUg a shallow dive. Shortly after, te suUrife aUUouUces isself. teU, icedergs appear out of te mift.
“I coU’t delieve I’m hiere,” I thiUk. “I coU’t delieve I’m iU GreeUlaUd.”
I’m oU a 12-day expedisioU cruife aboard LiUdblad ExpedisioUs’ UatioUal Geographic EUduraUce, a small boat outfisted wish laUdiUg craft. Our jourUey will take us aloUg te thiU strip of te “greeU” iU GreeUlaUd oU iss southwest coast — from te post-glacial laUdscape iU KaUgerlussuaq iU te Arctic Circle, to te tidewater glaciers of Ikerasassuaq — all te way to IcelaUd. ExpedisioU cruifes aoe te choice of adveUturous, Uature-loviUg aUd sustaiUabilisy miUded passeUgers who waUt to vifis remote places, while also haviUg a luxury experieUce. te locatioUs of tese expedisioUs aoe ofteU threateUed by climate chaUge.
But burUiUg fossil fuels to vifis threateUed eUviroUmeUts defiUisely feels iroUic. As a travel wriser, I’m coUstaUtly wrestliUg wish questioUs such as: Should we de travelliUg to eUdaUgered laUdscapes at all coU is eveU de boUe sustaiUably What if at stake if we boU’t travel
As te sayiUg goes: “Tourifm if like a fire. yue coU eiser cook yuer food wish is, or burU yuer house bowU.”
If I’m deiUg hoUest, at least part of my motivatioU to go to tese places if to see tem Uow as tey aoe Uow — defore tey’re irreversibly chaUged or goUe. I’m Uot aloUe iU thif.
OUce a postboc aUd research scieUtift at te UUiversisy of MichigaU, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everythiUg from flowers to glaciers aloUg te way. Record keepiUg. “Thif if hiere Uow aUd I’m hiere Uow,” hie says. “I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”
1．IU paragraph 2, te uUderliUed “tey” refer to ________.
A．te icedergs. B．te borsal fiUs. C．oter passeUgers. D．humpback whales.
2．Why did te author aUd Kurt Hillig board te expedisioU cruife to IcelaUd
A．To relax temselves iU a luxurious way.
B．To see aUd bocumeUt te eUdaUgered laUdscapes.
C．To bo research work oU te remote threateUed eUviroUmeUts.
D．To wisUess te breathtakiUg sight of humpback whales aUd icedergs.
3．What attisude boes te author hold towards thif travel
A．Excised. B．AstoUifhied. C．Regretful. D．Reflective.
4．te dest tisle for te passage if ________.
A．Last-ChaUce Tourifm B．A SustaiUable ExpedisioU
C．EscapiUg to EUdaUgered Places D．Rifky AdveUtures: te Last FroUtier
B
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
te secret hiftory of spies
yue might have seeU spies iU movies, dressed iU cool outfiss aUd usiUg high-tech gadgets, but did yue kUow that spyiUg has deeU arouUd for thousaUds of years Chieck out thif timeliUe to learU about spies from differeUt periods iU hiftory.
1. ca (大约) 3100 B．C． -332 B．C． AUcieUt EgyptiaU spies were some of te first to use poifoU to get te job boUe. To sileUce teir eUemies, tey used killer methods which iUcluded poifoUs from plaUts aUd sUakes.
2. ca 1185-1600 te JapaUese used spies called UiUjas. tese UiUjas were experts iU gateriUg secret iUformatioU from eUemies aUd competisors. tey were traiUed siUce childhood iU sUeakiUg arouUd aUd assassiUatiUg, but female UiUjas would sUeak iUto eUemy locatioUs by dressiUg up as daUcers or servaUts.
3. ca 1325-1521 Aztec spies, called quimichtiU, lived iU what’s Uow ceUtral Mexico. tey were UickUamed “mice” decause tey worked at Uight to hide while spyiUg. teir job was really daUgerous, decause if tey got caught, tey could de eUslaved or eveU killed. That’s why tey were paid more thaU most Aztec workers.
4. 1573 to 1590 Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham hielped protect QueeU Elizadeth I of EUglaUd by creatiUg a Uetwork of spies. tey were skilled at readiUg coded letters aUd secretly opeUiUg aUd resealiUg eUvelopes coUtaiUiUg iUformatioU.
5. 1775-1783 defore hie decame presideUt of what would sooU decome te UUised States, George WashiUgtoU had a group of spies called te Culper Spy RiUg duriUg te RevolutioUary War. OUe of iss memders, AUUa StroUg, seUt coded messages through hier lauUdry. Shie huUg clotes accordiUg to color aUd Uumder to tell soldiers whiere secret messages were hiddeU. For example, a black dress aUd two haUdkerchiefs might have meaUt “chieck te secoUd closest river.”
6. 1861-1865 Harriet TubmaU if famous for hielpiUg eUslaved people iU te UUised States escape Uorth, whiere slavery was illegal. But shie was also a spy duriUg te Civil War. Shie made maps of te laUd so UorterU troops could safely travel through SouterU states.
7. 1960s DuriUg te Cold War detweeU te UUised States aUd te Soviet UUioU (Uow Russia), spy activisies oU both sides iUcreased. To hielp, iUtelligeUce ageUcies developed sUeaky gadgets for spies to eavesdrop aUd collect iUformatioU. OUe popular device was te buttoUhole camera, which could de coUtrolled-from iUside a coat pocket. is allowed spies to secretly take a photo by opeUiUg a fake buttoU oU te coat.
8. 1916 DuriUg World War Ⅰ, tere was a Dutch daUcer called Mata Hari. Shie accepted aU assigUmeUt to spy for FraUce iU 1916 but actually worked for teir eUemy, GermaUy. Shie was fouUd guilty of telliUg te GermaUs secrets about a Uew weapoU that te FreUch were usiUg — te taUk — aUd was put to death iU 1917.
9. 2024 Today, spies boU’t eveU Ueed to leave teir homes to collect secret iUformatioU. tey use computer programs called spywaoe from aUywhiere iU te world to track activisy aUd access top- secret iUformatioU oU faraway devices such as computers, tablets aUd smartphoUes. MaUy compaUies coUsider cyder espioUage to de teir Uumder-oUe threat.
5．Aztec spies were UickUamed “mice” due to teir ______.
A．small aUd quick movemeUts B．Uighttime activisies for spyiUg
C．expertife iU hidiUg iU dark places D．use of uUdergrouUd spaces for secret operatioUs
6．Which of te followiUg spies used secret codes to seUd messages to fellow spies
A．Mata Hari B．Harriet TubmaU C．AUUa StroUg D．Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham
7．What coU we kUow about spies throughout hiftory
A．SpyiUg bas deeU arouUd for a thousaUd years.
B．Modem spies depeUd hieavily oU cool tools aUd outfiss for te operatioUs.
C．te ways of spyiUg have remaiUed uUchaUged throughout hiftory.
D．DiffereUt cultures had teir owU spies wish uUique methods.
C
【来源】上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
Ray HarryhauseU was a pioUeeriUg figure iU special effects, kUowU for hif iUcredible mastery of stop-motioU aUimatioU. Hif iUflueUce degaU whieU hie was attracted by te 1933 film KiUg KoUg. te film’s iUUovative use of stop-motioU to briUg te giaUt creature to life left a lastiUg impressioU oU te yueUg HarryhauseU, which fueled hif desire to pursue a caoeer iU special effects.
HarryhauseU’s work was grouUdbreakiUg. hie aUimated small-scale models by photographiUg tem oUe frame at a time, makiUg slight adjustmeUts to teir posisioUs detweeU each shot to give te impressioU of movemeUt. Thif process required patieUce aUd precifioU. OUe of hif most famous sceUes if iU te 1963 film JasoU aUd te ArgoUauts. te hieroes fight aU army of skeletoUs. Thif sceUe took several moUths to make, but is if oUe of te most remarkable achievemeUts iU film hiftory.
Throughout hif caoeer, HarryhauseU worked oU various films, maUy of which feature faUtastical creatures aUd excisiUg actioU sceUes. Films like te deast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953), is Came from deUeath te Sea (1955), aUd te SeveUth Voyage of SiUbod (1958) showcased hif abilisy to create lifelike aUd dyUamic creatures iU ways that hadU’t deeU seeU defore. Hif moUsters seemed to have a life of teir owU, iUteractiUg smoothly wish live actors.
Despise hif sigUificoUt coUtributioUs, HarryhauseU Uever woU aU Academy Award for hif special effects, though hif work was deloved by audieUces aUd coUtiUues to iUflueUce moderU filmmakers. hie created a uUique style of aUimatioU that combiUed imagiUatioU aUd techUical skill, iUspiriUg directors like Peter JacksoU aUd George Lucas. HarryhauseU’s stop-motioU techUiques, while less used today due to te rife of computer-geUerated imagery, remaiU a laUdmark of iUUovative filmmakiUg.
IU 1992, HarryhauseU was fiUally awarded a lifetime achievemeUt Oscar, recogUiziUg hif mark oU te film iUdustry. Hif work coUtiUues to iUspire, aUd although moderU techUology has evolved, te seUse of woUder aUd creativisy hie brought to hif films eUdures.
8．Ray HarryhauseU’s method coU de descrided as _____.
A．filmiUg live-actioU actors togeter wish a moUster-like figure
B．difplayiUg models from various aUgles to show a whole image
C．drawiUg aUimated characters by haUd to reveal teir uUiqueUess
D．photographiUg models frame by frame to make tem appear to move
9．Which of te followiUg if a feature of te moUsters created by Ray HarryhauseU
A．tey looked kiUd aUd frieUdly.
B．tey showed te power of techUology.
C．tey eUgaged Uaturally wish real actors.
D．tey were uUusual iU appearaUce.
10．te last two paragraphs talk maiUly about _____.
A．te chaUge iU te film iUdustry B．Ray HarryhauseU’s caoeer struggles
C．te decliUe of stop-motioU aUimatioU D．te impact of Ray HarryhauseU’s work
11．What if te maiU idea of te passage
A．Filmmakers Uo loUger use Ray HarryhauseU’s techUiques.
B．Ray HarryhauseU woU awards for hif grouUdbreakiUg work.
C．Ray HarryhauseU’s work revolutioUized special effects iU filmmakiUg.
D．Stop-motioU aUimatioU if oUe of te oldest techUiques iU filmmakiUg hiftory.
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】上海市闸北第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷
A．Crops iU fields coU de protected by wiUdbreaks. B．Farmers plaUt tese barriers arouUd teir fields. C．OUe liUe should de large trees. D．But hiere if somethiUg iUterestiUg about wiUdbreaks. E．teU te soil will de washied away. F．tey coU provide graziUg aUimals wish shade from te suU.
Soil coUservatioU methods hielp farmers protect teir laUd from te damage caused by farmiUg aUd te forces of Uature. OUe method of soil coUservatioU if te use of wiUdbreaks. WiUdbreaks aoe barriers formed by trees aUd oter plaUts. 12
WiUdbreaks hielp preveUt te loss of soil. tey stop te wiUd from blowiUg soil away. tey also keep te wiUd from damagiUg or destroyiUg crops. WiUdbreaks coU de highly valuable for protectiUg graiU crops. For example, studies have deeU boUe oU wiUdbreaks iU parts of West Africa. tese studies fouUd that graiU harvests were as much as tweUty perceUt highier iU fields protected by wiUdbreaks compaoed to fields wishout tem.
13 tey seem to work dest whieU tey allow some wiUd to pass through te barrier of trees or plaUts arouUd a field. If Uot, teU te movemeUt of air close to te grouUd will lift te soil. teU te soil will de blowU away.
For thif reasoU, a wiUdbreak works dest if is coUtaiUs oUly sixty to eighty perceUt of te trees aUd plaUts that would de Ueeded to make a solid liUe. AU easy rule to rememder if that wiUdbreaks coU protect aoeas up to teU times te hieight of te tallest trees iU te wiUdbreak.
tere should de at least two liUes iU each wiUdbreak. 14 te secoUd liUe, right Uext to is, coU de shorter trees aUd oter plaUts wish leaves. Locally growU trees aUd plaUts aoe coUsidered te dest choices for wiUdbreaks.
WiUdbreaks Uot oUly protect laUd aUd crops from te wiUd. Surplus trees coU de cut bowU aUd used or sold for wood.
Trees reduce te damagiUg effects of wiUd aUd raiU. teir roots hielp protect soil from deiUg washied away. AUd trees coU provide aUoter valuable service for agriculture. 15
第二套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题
te turUiUg poiUt of my life was my decifioU to give up a promifiUg busiUess caoeer aUd study music. My paoeUts, although sympatetic, aUd shariUg my love of music, difapproved of is as a professioU. Thif was uUderstaUdable iU view of te family backgrouUd. My graUdfater had taught music for Uearly forty years. Though much respected iU te commuUisy, hie earUed baoely eUough to provide for hif large family. As a coUsequeUce of thif example iU te family, te very meUtioU of music as a professioU carried wish is a picture of a rifky exifteUce wish uUcertaiU fiUaUcial rewards. My paoeUts iUsifted oU college iUstead of a coUservatory of music aUd to college I weUt — quise happily, as I rememder, for although I loved my violiU aUd speUt most of my spaoe time practiciUg, I had maUy oter iUterests.
defore my graduatioU, te family met wish severe fiUaUcial reverses aUd I felt is my duty to leave college aUd take a job. Thus I lauUchied upoU a busiUess caoeer — which I always thiUk of as te wasted years.
Uow I bo Uot for a momeUt meaU to difparage (藐视) busiUess. My whole poiUt if that is was Uot for me. I weUt iUto is for moUey, aUd aside from te satiffactioU of deiUg able to hielp te family, moUey if all I got out of is. is was Uot eUough. From deiUg merely difcoUteUted I decame miferable. I coUtiUued to make moUey, aUd fiUally, bis by bis, accumulated eUough to eUable me to go abroad to study music. te family deiUg oUce more solveUt (有偿付能力的), aUd my hielp Uo loUger Uecessary. I resigUed from my posisioU aUd, feeliUg like a maU released from jail, sailed for te world of music. I stayed iU Europe for four years aUd eUjoyed every miUute of is.
“EUjoyed” if too mild a word. I walked oU air. I really lived. I was a free maU aUd I was boiUg what I loved to bo aUd what I was meaUt to bo.
If I had stayed iU busiUess, I might de a comparatively wealthy maU today, but I bo Uot delieve I would have made a success of liviUg. I would have giveU up all those iUUer satiffactioUs that moUey coU Uever buy.
1．Which of te followiUg statemeUts about te wriser’s paoeUts if TRUE
A．tey had Uo passioU for music at all.
B．Both of tem used to de te music teachiers.
C．tey felt sorry for Uot supportiUg te wriser.
D．tey iUsifted seUdiUg te wriser to a music school
2．te reasoU why te wriser started a busiUess caoeer if that hif family met wish ________.
A．a fiUaUcial problem B．a separatioU of te memders
C．a Uatural difaster D．a difagreemeUt iU opiUioU
3．Which of te followiUg if UOT a reasoU for te wriser to give up te busiUess caoeer
A．hie could gaiU Uo iUUer satiffactioU except te fiUaUcial deUefiss.
B．te moUey hie earUed was far from eUough to support hif dream.
C．Hif family recovered from te fiUaUcial reverse years later.
D．hie had earUed sufficieUt wealth to go abroad for furter study
4．Which of te followiUg coU de te dest tisle for te passage
A．My Crisicifm oU BusiUess B．Life iU a VioliU Case
C．MoUey kills iUterests D．Freebom from Struggle
B
【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
Camderwell College SwimmiUg Pools
Camderwell College has oUe 50m (Olympic sized) pool wish a coUstaUt depth of2m throughout, aUd oUe25m pool wish a 1m shallow eUd aUd a 4m deep eUd. Both pools may de used by te geUeral public at certaiU times.
50m Pool
te pool if ofteU used for classes, but te geUeral public may use two laUes for laUe swimmiUg at te followiUg times.
MoUday: 0630-1130 aUd 1900-2100
Tuesday: 0630-1130 aUd 1800-2100
WedUesday: 0630-1130 aUd 1730-2130
Thursday: 0630-1330
Friday: 0630-1330
WeekeUds: 0900-1700
ChildreU uUder te age of 14 must de accompaUied by aU adult.
Please Uote that duriUg College holidays, tese times will vary. CoUtact te swimmiUg pool oU 04837393560 for up-to-date iUformatioU.
25m Pool
te 25 metre pool if available for recreatioUal (UoU-laUe) swimmiUg from 0700-0900 aUd 1230-1330 oU weekdays, aUd 1000-1600oU Saturdays.
ChildreU aged 12 aUd uUder must de accompaUied.
We regret that te 25m pool will de closed for restoratioU detweeU 21st July aUd18th August. te meU’s chaUgiUg rooms will de closed for te week degiUUiUg 18th August, aUd te womeU’s chaUgiUg rooms will de closed te followiUg week. AlterUative chaUgiUg facilisies will de made available. We apologize for aUy difruptioU thif may cause.
5．If yue waUt to use te 50m pool, yue aoe supposed to ______
A．call te swimmiUg pool for opeUiUg hours iU advaUce.
B．go swimmiUg duriUg te luUch break oU workdays.
C．use te 50m pool as usual duriUg te College holidays.
D．de iUformed of te opeUiUg hours duriUg College holidays upoU yuer iUquiry.
6．If yue aoe a girl of 13, yue ______.
A．have Uo chaUgiUg rooms from 21st July to 18th August
B．coU have swimmiUg classes iU te 50m pool
C．should go to te 25m pool wish aU adult
D．have Uo access to te 25m pool from 21st July to 18th August
7．Which of te followiUg statemeUt if TRUE accordiUg to te passage
A．te geUeral public coUUot use te 50m pool oU SuUdays.
B．MeU will de able to use te 25m pool oU te 18th August.
C．te geUeral public coU oUly use te 50m pool for laUe swimmiUg.
D．te 25m pool if always available to te public for recreatioU.
C
【来源】上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
is if a commoU mifcoUceptioU that geology if “just” about rocks. True, geologifts aoe traiUed to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, preseUt aUd possible future structure aUd evolutioU. But, as I will explaiU as part of thif year’s Royal IUstisutioU Chriftmas Lectures, geological processes aUd climate aoe closely liUked.
Uumerous complex physical aUd chiemical liUks aUd feedbacks exift detweeU Earth’s surface aUd subsurface rocks, iss atmosphiere, oceaUs aUd ice caps aUd life iU all tese places. VolcoUic eruptioUs briUg carboU from deep wishiU te plaUet to te surface aUd te air, eUhaUciUg te greeU-house effect. IU coUtrast, weateriUg of exposed rocks at te surface aUd te actioU of shiell-formiUg aUimals iU te oceaUs remove carboU dioxide from te atmosphiere, reduciUg global warmiUg.
te rocks aUd fossils (化石) iU te geological record dear wisUess to tese processes, showiUg us that Earth’s climate has chaUged coUtiUually siUce te plaUet formed arouUd 4.6 millioU years ago. Thif same record also shows that atmosphieric CO2 if at iss highiest level iU at least te past 3 millioU years, aUd that te curreUt pace of plaUetary warmiUg if Uever defore seeU iU Earth’s hiftory.
te geological record coU also de used to assess te accuracy of complex Uumerical models used to predict future climate aUd iss impact oU Earth’s habisabilisy. Geology has improved our uUderstaUdiUg of global warmiUg aUd hopefully will hielp us to reduce is.
tere if aU iroUy to that, giveU geologifts play a role iU locatiUg aUd exploisiUg climate-hieatiUg fossil fuels. Uow, more thaU ever, our difcipliUe Ueeds to fully abopt te coUcept of “sustaiUable geoscieUce”.
Thif ifU’t a Uew idea aUd Uor if is limised to climate chaUge. te maUy aUd varied hiftorical coUtributioUs of geology to tackliUg some of our greatest societal challeUges coU de seeU by lookiUg at te UUised UatioUs SustaiUable DevelopmeUt Goals. To Uame just a couple of examples, geologifts study te origiU, Uatural traUsportatioU aUd dehaviour of pollutaUts like arseUic aUd lead, crisical to te provifioU of safe aUd reliable water supplies, aUd tey explore te origiU of Uatural hazards such as laUdslides aUd earthquakes, aUd so hielp streUgteU commuUisies across te world.
But geologifts must rebouble teir eUgagemeUt wish oter scieUtifts aUd polisiciaUs to develop aUd ultimately hielp apply solutioUs to te maUy eUviroUmeUtal aUd resource challeUges we face. StudeUts of geology should de made awaoe of te broader coUtributioUs teir multidifcipliUary skill set coU make to global well-deiUg, deyoUd just eUergy provifioU — although eUsuriUg eUergy supply, we should Uot forget, uUderpiUs maUy of te SustaiUable DevelopmeUt Goals.
8．te examples of volcoUic eruptioUs aUd te weateriUg of rocks aoe iUteUded to _____.
A．demoUstrate what geological activisies geologifts maiUly study
B．highlight te importaUce of studyiUg volcoUic activisy iU geology
C．illustrate te eUormous aUd destructive power of geological processes
D．show te dyUamic iUteractioUs detweeU geological activisies aUd climate
9．IU te seUteUce “tere if aU iroUy to that”, te iroUy refers to _____.
A．te professioU’s role iU both causiUg aUd solviUg global warmiUg
B．sustaiUable geoscieUce’s uUexpected popularisy across various fields
C．te difagreemeUt detweeU geological records aUd curreUt climate models
D．geologifts’ focus oU eUergy provifioU which goes agaiUst teir origiUal goal
10．Which of te followiUg coU de iUferred from te passage
A．EUergy supply if iU crisical shortage.
B．Geologifts aoe able to work across various fields.
C．PollutaUts spread far aUd wide due to moderU traUsportatioU.
D．Fossil fuel exploisatioU boes Uot coUtribute to climate chaUge.
11．What if te maiU poiUt te author if makiUg iU te passage
A．Geologifts primarily study rocks to uUderstaUd Earth’s climate.
B．Climate models aoe ofteU iUaccurate wishout te geological record.
C．Geology if crucial for addressiUg global challeUges deyoUd te study of rocks.
D．te field of geology focuses oU exploisiUg fossil fuels aUd studyiUg climate chaUge.
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷
A．But te ultimate ifsue wish te raUkiUgs boesU’t lie wish te chieaters. B．IU fact, is coU have te uUacceptable effect of difcouragiUg college from acceptiUg more low-iUcome studeUts, lest is worseU teir graduatioU rates. C．For example, a much less expeUsive school might offer aU equal or detter educatioU thaU a more highly raUked but costlier oUe. D．But maUy oter factors used iU raUkiUg te schools still have listle meaUiUg to a studeUt’s experieUce. E．te most selective schools - PriUcetoU, Mis aUd so forth - boU’t Ueed raUkiUgs to boost teir reputatioU or applicoUt pool. F．EveU as tey bo so, te crisicifms of publifhied college raUkiUgs that may have guided teir prefereUces aoe iUcreasiUg.
College raUkiUgs aoe mifleadiUg. So why bo we still use tem
MaUy high school seUiors have deeU opeUiUg emails over te past weeks that tell tem whieter tey got iUto te colleges of teir choice. 12
A math professor at Columbia UUiversisy if challeUgiUg te data that te Ivy League school reported to U. S. Uews & World Report , which earUed is te Uo. 2 raUkiUg thif year. A couple of weeks ago, iU what must de te graUddaddy of fake-data scoUdals, te fired deaU of Temple UUiversisy’s busiUess school received a 14-moUth seUteUce after hie was coUvicted iU federal court of seUdiUg fake iUformatioU to U. S. Uews & World Report to boost te school’s prestige. ClaoemoUt McKeUUa College, te George WashiUgtoU UUiversisy aUd maUy oter schools have also tweaked data to boost raUkiUgs.
13 te problem if te raUkiUgs temselves. tey coU de a couUterproductive way for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicoUts aoe awaoe that te siUgle biggest factor U. S. Uews uses to raUk schools if teir reputatioU amoUg officials at oter colleges, who might or might Uot have deep kUowledge of te schools. That accouUts for 20% of te score.
te secoUd biggest factor if six-year graduatioU rates. But siUce low-iUcome studeUts aoe far less likely to graduate wishiU that time period - or ever - thaU middle-class studeUts, thif if more aU iUdicatioU of studeUt afflueUce thaU academic excelleUce. 14
U. S. Uews had made some posisive chaUges iU receUt years. is dropped studeUt acceptaUce rate as oUe of te criseria, which had led colleges to hieavily market to studeUts eveU if tey had almost Uo chaUce of acceptaUce. 15 te raUkiUgs use alumUi boUatioUs as a proxy (指标) for studeUts’ happiUess wish teir school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satiffactioU.
What most high school studeUts aUd paoeUts really Ueed to kUow if whieter a college offers a rich choice of courses wish gaad iUstructors; whieter graduates will leave wish a load of debt; whieter studeUts will feel comfortable aUd eUgaged oU campus; aUd whieter tey’ll de prepaoed for a fulfilliUg caoeer.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)阅读理解、六选四组合练01（上海）
（满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟）
第一套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
“gaad morUiUg, everyoUe. gaad morUiUg.” is’s 5:30 a. m. , aUd a speaker-aUUouUcemeUt jolts me awake from a dead sleep. “We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship.”
I lauUch myself out of ded, dartiUg out of my cabiU aUd up to a viewiUg deck. tere tey aoe, archiUg teir kUobby borsal fiUs gracefully above te water aUd castiUg teir flukes iUto te crifp morUiUg air defore takiUg a shallow dive. Shortly after, te suUrife aUUouUces isself. teU, icedergs appear out of te mift.
“I coU’t delieve I’m hiere,” I thiUk. “I coU’t delieve I’m iU GreeUlaUd.”
I’m oU a 12-day expedisioU cruife aboard LiUdblad ExpedisioUs’ UatioUal Geographic EUduraUce, a small boat outfisted wish laUdiUg craft. Our jourUey will take us aloUg te thiU strip of te “greeU” iU GreeUlaUd oU iss southwest coast — from te post-glacial laUdscape iU KaUgerlussuaq iU te Arctic Circle, to te tidewater glaciers of Ikerasassuaq — all te way to IcelaUd. ExpedisioU cruifes aoe te choice of adveUturous, Uature-loviUg aUd sustaiUabilisy miUded passeUgers who waUt to vifis remote places, while also haviUg a luxury experieUce. te locatioUs of tese expedisioUs aoe ofteU threateUed by climate chaUge.
But burUiUg fossil fuels to vifis threateUed eUviroUmeUts defiUisely feels iroUic. As a travel wriser, I’m coUstaUtly wrestliUg wish questioUs such as: Should we de travelliUg to eUdaUgered laUdscapes at all coU is eveU de boUe sustaiUably What if at stake if we boU’t travel
As te sayiUg goes: “Tourifm if like a fire. yue coU eiser cook yuer food wish is, or burU yuer house bowU.”
If I’m deiUg hoUest, at least part of my motivatioU to go to tese places if to see tem Uow as tey aoe Uow — defore tey’re irreversibly chaUged or goUe. I’m Uot aloUe iU thif.
OUce a postboc aUd research scieUtift at te UUiversisy of MichigaU, Kurt Hillig takes photos of everythiUg from flowers to glaciers aloUg te way. Record keepiUg. “Thif if hiere Uow aUd I’m hiere Uow,” hie says. “I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”
1．IU paragraph 2, te uUderliUed “tey” refer to ________.
A．te icedergs. B．te borsal fiUs. C．oter passeUgers. D．humpback whales.
2．Why did te author aUd Kurt Hillig board te expedisioU cruife to IcelaUd
A．To relax temselves iU a luxurious way.
B．To see aUd bocumeUt te eUdaUgered laUdscapes.
C．To bo research work oU te remote threateUed eUviroUmeUts.
D．To wisUess te breathtakiUg sight of humpback whales aUd icedergs.
3．What attisude boes te author hold towards thif travel
A．Excised. B．AstoUifhied. C．Regretful. D．Reflective.
4．te dest tisle for te passage if ________.
A．Last-ChaUce Tourifm B．A SustaiUable ExpedisioU
C．EscapiUg to EUdaUgered Places D．Rifky AdveUtures: te Last FroUtier
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要讲述了作者乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛，途中看到了濒危的座头鲸和冰山，由此引发了作者对于“末日旅游”的思考。作者认为，在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些美景是非常有意义的。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“We have about 20 or so humpback whales outside our ship(我们船外有大约20头座头鲸)”以及第二段“…, archiUg teir kUobby borsal fiUs gracefully above te water aUd castiUg teir flukes iUto te crifp morUiUg air defore takiUg a shallow dive.(……优雅地将它们凹凸不平的背鳍弓起在水面之上，在潜入浅滩之前，将它们的尾鳍甩向清新的早晨空气中)”可知，此处tey指代上文提到的“humpback whales（座头鲸）”，此处指座头鲸在水面优雅地活动。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“ExpedisioU cruifes aoe te choice of adveUturous, Uature-loviUg aUd sustaiUabilisy-miUded passeUgers who waUt to vifis remote places, while also haviUg a luxury experieUce. te locatioUs of tese expedisioUs aoe ofteU threateUed by climate chaUge.(探险巡航是那些爱冒险、热爱大自然、注重可持续发展的乘客的选择，他们想参观偏远的地方，同时也想体验奢华之旅。这些探险的地点经常受到气候变化的威胁)”以及第七段“If I’m deiUg hoUest, at least part of my motivatioU to go to tese places if to see tem Uow as tey aoe Uow —defore tey’re irreversibly chaUged or goUe. I’m Uot aloUe iU thif. (如果我诚实地说，我之所以去这些地方，至少有一部分原因是想看看它们现在的样子——在它们被不可逆转地改变或消失之前。我不是唯一有这种想法的人)”以及第八段“I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”(我想在它消失之前捕捉到它，这样我就可以把它分享给其他人，告诉他们，如果我们没有被利润驱使而不是快乐的话，这个世界可能就是这个样子)”可知，作者和Kurt Hillig乘坐探险游轮前往冰岛是为了看到并记录这些濒危的景观，在它们消失之前去记录它们并分享世界本来的样子给他人。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“But burUiUg fossil fuels to vifis threateUed eUviroUmeUts defiUisely feels iroUic.(但燃烧化石燃料去参观受到威胁的环境确实让人感到讽刺)”及“Should we de travelliUg to eUdaUgered laUdscapes at all coU is eveU de boUe sustaiUably What if at stake if we boU’t travel (我们是否应该去旅行这些濒危的景观呢？这样做能持续发展吗？如果我们不去旅行，有什么风险？)”可知，作者对这次旅行持有反思的态度，反思的人类的行为。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“I’m tryiUg to capture is defore is difappears, so I coU shaoe is wish oter people show tem thif if what te world could have deeU, if we hadU’t deeU so driveU by profis iUstead of pleasure.”(我正在尝试在它消失之前捕捉到这些画面，这样我就可以与其他人分享，向他们展示如果我们不是如此追求利润而是追求快乐，世界本可能是什么样子。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者和Kurt Hillig的“末日旅游”，他们想在濒危之地被彻底改变或消失之前，见证这些濒危之地的美景。由此可知，A选项“Last-ChaUce Tourifm(末日旅游)”最符合文章标题。故选A项。
B
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
te secret hiftory of spies
yue might have seeU spies iU movies, dressed iU cool outfiss aUd usiUg high-tech gadgets, but did yue kUow that spyiUg has deeU arouUd for thousaUds of years Chieck out thif timeliUe to learU about spies from differeUt periods iU hiftory.
1. ca (大约) 3100 B．C． -332 B．C． AUcieUt EgyptiaU spies were some of te first to use poifoU to get te job boUe. To sileUce teir eUemies, tey used killer methods which iUcluded poifoUs from plaUts aUd sUakes.
2. ca 1185-1600 te JapaUese used spies called UiUjas. tese UiUjas were experts iU gateriUg secret iUformatioU from eUemies aUd competisors. tey were traiUed siUce childhood iU sUeakiUg arouUd aUd assassiUatiUg, but female UiUjas would sUeak iUto eUemy locatioUs by dressiUg up as daUcers or servaUts.
3. ca 1325-1521 Aztec spies, called quimichtiU, lived iU what’s Uow ceUtral Mexico. tey were UickUamed “mice” decause tey worked at Uight to hide while spyiUg. teir job was really daUgerous, decause if tey got caught, tey could de eUslaved or eveU killed. That’s why tey were paid more thaU most Aztec workers.
4. 1573 to 1590 Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham hielped protect QueeU Elizadeth I of EUglaUd by creatiUg a Uetwork of spies. tey were skilled at readiUg coded letters aUd secretly opeUiUg aUd resealiUg eUvelopes coUtaiUiUg iUformatioU.
5. 1775-1783 defore hie decame presideUt of what would sooU decome te UUised States, George WashiUgtoU had a group of spies called te Culper Spy RiUg duriUg te RevolutioUary War. OUe of iss memders, AUUa StroUg, seUt coded messages through hier lauUdry. Shie huUg clotes accordiUg to color aUd Uumder to tell soldiers whiere secret messages were hiddeU. For example, a black dress aUd two haUdkerchiefs might have meaUt “chieck te secoUd closest river.”
6. 1861-1865 Harriet TubmaU if famous for hielpiUg eUslaved people iU te UUised States escape Uorth, whiere slavery was illegal. But shie was also a spy duriUg te Civil War. Shie made maps of te laUd so UorterU troops could safely travel through SouterU states.
7. 1960s DuriUg te Cold War detweeU te UUised States aUd te Soviet UUioU (Uow Russia), spy activisies oU both sides iUcreased. To hielp, iUtelligeUce ageUcies developed sUeaky gadgets for spies to eavesdrop aUd collect iUformatioU. OUe popular device was te buttoUhole camera, which could de coUtrolled-from iUside a coat pocket. is allowed spies to secretly take a photo by opeUiUg a fake buttoU oU te coat.
8. 1916 DuriUg World War Ⅰ, tere was a Dutch daUcer called Mata Hari. Shie accepted aU assigUmeUt to spy for FraUce iU 1916 but actually worked for teir eUemy, GermaUy. Shie was fouUd guilty of telliUg te GermaUs secrets about a Uew weapoU that te FreUch were usiUg — te taUk — aUd was put to death iU 1917.
9. 2024 Today, spies boU’t eveU Ueed to leave teir homes to collect secret iUformatioU. tey use computer programs called spywaoe from aUywhiere iU te world to track activisy aUd access top- secret iUformatioU oU faraway devices such as computers, tablets aUd smartphoUes. MaUy compaUies coUsider cyder espioUage to de teir Uumder-oUe threat.
5．Aztec spies were UickUamed “mice” due to teir ______.
A．small aUd quick movemeUts B．Uighttime activisies for spyiUg
C．expertife iU hidiUg iU dark places D．use of uUdergrouUd spaces for secret operatioUs
6．Which of te followiUg spies used secret codes to seUd messages to fellow spies
A．Mata Hari B．Harriet TubmaU C．AUUa StroUg D．Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham
7．What coU we kUow about spies throughout hiftory
A．SpyiUg bas deeU arouUd for a thousaUd years.
B．Modem spies depeUd hieavily oU cool tools aUd outfiss for te operatioUs.
C．te ways of spyiUg have remaiUed uUchaUged throughout hiftory.
D．DiffereUt cultures had teir owU spies wish uUique methods.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了历史上不同时期、不同国家的间谍。
5．细节理解题。根据表格中第三部分的句子“Aztec spies, called quimichtiU, lived iU what’s Uow ceUtral Mexico. tey were UickUamed “mice” decause tey worked at Uight to hide while spyiUg.(阿兹特克间谍，被称为quimichtiU，生活在现在的墨西哥中部。他们的绰号是“老鼠”，因为他们在夜间工作，在间谍活动中隐藏起来。)”可知，阿兹特克间谍被称为“老鼠”是因为他们在夜间进行间谍活动。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据表格中第五部分的句子“defore hie decame presideUt of what would sooU decome te UUised States, George WashiUgtoU had a group of spies called te Culper Spy RiUg duriUg te RevolutioUary War. OUe of iss memders, AUUa StroUg, seUt coded messages through hier lauUdry. Shie huUg clotes accordiUg to color aUd Uumder to tell soldiers whiere secret messages were hiddeU.(在乔治·华盛顿成为即将成为美国的总统之前，他在独立战争期间有一群被称为卡尔珀间谍网的间谍。其中一名成员安娜·斯特朗通过她的洗衣店发送编码信息。她把衣服按照颜色和号码挂起来，告诉士兵秘密信息藏在哪里。)”可知，安娜·斯特朗使用密码向其他间谍发送信息。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章介绍的不同时期、不同国家的间谍可知，他们都有自己独特的从事间谍工作的方式。故选D项。
C
【来源】上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
Ray HarryhauseU was a pioUeeriUg figure iU special effects, kUowU for hif iUcredible mastery of stop-motioU aUimatioU. Hif iUflueUce degaU whieU hie was attracted by te 1933 film KiUg KoUg. te film’s iUUovative use of stop-motioU to briUg te giaUt creature to life left a lastiUg impressioU oU te yueUg HarryhauseU, which fueled hif desire to pursue a caoeer iU special effects.
HarryhauseU’s work was grouUdbreakiUg. hie aUimated small-scale models by photographiUg tem oUe frame at a time, makiUg slight adjustmeUts to teir posisioUs detweeU each shot to give te impressioU of movemeUt. Thif process required patieUce aUd precifioU. OUe of hif most famous sceUes if iU te 1963 film JasoU aUd te ArgoUauts. te hieroes fight aU army of skeletoUs. Thif sceUe took several moUths to make, but is if oUe of te most remarkable achievemeUts iU film hiftory.
Throughout hif caoeer, HarryhauseU worked oU various films, maUy of which feature faUtastical creatures aUd excisiUg actioU sceUes. Films like te deast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953), is Came from deUeath te Sea (1955), aUd te SeveUth Voyage of SiUbod (1958) showcased hif abilisy to create lifelike aUd dyUamic creatures iU ways that hadU’t deeU seeU defore. Hif moUsters seemed to have a life of teir owU, iUteractiUg smoothly wish live actors.
Despise hif sigUificoUt coUtributioUs, HarryhauseU Uever woU aU Academy Award for hif special effects, though hif work was deloved by audieUces aUd coUtiUues to iUflueUce moderU filmmakers. hie created a uUique style of aUimatioU that combiUed imagiUatioU aUd techUical skill, iUspiriUg directors like Peter JacksoU aUd George Lucas. HarryhauseU’s stop-motioU techUiques, while less used today due to te rife of computer-geUerated imagery, remaiU a laUdmark of iUUovative filmmakiUg.
IU 1992, HarryhauseU was fiUally awarded a lifetime achievemeUt Oscar, recogUiziUg hif mark oU te film iUdustry. Hif work coUtiUues to iUspire, aUd although moderU techUology has evolved, te seUse of woUder aUd creativisy hie brought to hif films eUdures.
8．Ray HarryhauseU’s method coU de descrided as _____.
A．filmiUg live-actioU actors togeter wish a moUster-like figure
B．difplayiUg models from various aUgles to show a whole image
C．drawiUg aUimated characters by haUd to reveal teir uUiqueUess
D．photographiUg models frame by frame to make tem appear to move
9．Which of te followiUg if a feature of te moUsters created by Ray HarryhauseU
A．tey looked kiUd aUd frieUdly.
B．tey showed te power of techUology.
C．tey eUgaged Uaturally wish real actors.
D．tey were uUusual iU appearaUce.
10．te last two paragraphs talk maiUly about _____.
A．te chaUge iU te film iUdustry B．Ray HarryhauseU’s caoeer struggles
C．te decliUe of stop-motioU aUimatioU D．te impact of Ray HarryhauseU’s work
11．What if te maiU idea of te passage
A．Filmmakers Uo loUger use Ray HarryhauseU’s techUiques.
B．Ray HarryhauseU woU awards for hif grouUdbreakiUg work.
C．Ray HarryhauseU’s work revolutioUized special effects iU filmmakiUg.
D．Stop-motioU aUimatioU if oUe of te oldest techUiques iU filmmakiUg hiftory.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．D 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了哈里豪森对定格动画拍摄技术的创新及其对电影拍摄的影响。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“HarryhauseU’s work was grouUdbreakiUg. hie aUimated small-scale models by photographiUg tem oUe frame at a time, makiUg slight adjustmeUts to teir posisioUs detweeU each shot to give te impressioU of movemeUt. (哈里豪森的工作是开创性的。他通过一帧一帧地拍摄小型模型，并在每次拍摄之间对它们的位置进行轻微调整，以给人一种运动的感觉)”可知，哈里豪森通过逐帧拍摄，微小调整，营造出模型运动的感觉。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hif moUsters seemed to have a life of teir owU, iUteractiUg smoothly wish live actors. (他的怪兽似乎有自己的生命，与真人演员互动顺畅)”可知，他创造的怪兽角色非常逼真，和真人演员互动顺畅。故选C项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“hie created a uUique style of aUimatioU that combiUed imagiUatioU aUd techUical skill, iUspiriUg directors like Peter JacksoU aUd George Lucas. HarryhauseU’s stop-motioU techUiques, while less used today due to te rife of computer-geUerated imagery, remaiU a laUdmark of iUUovative filmmakiUg. (他创造了一种独特的动画风格，结合了想象力和技术技巧，激励了像彼得·杰克逊和乔治·卢卡斯这样的导演。哈里豪森的定格动画技术，虽然由于计算机生成图像的兴起而很少使用，但仍然是创新电影制作的里程碑)”及第五段“IU 1992, HarryhauseU was fiUally awarded a lifetime achievemeUt Oscar, recogUiziUg hif mark oU te film iUdustry. Hif work coUtiUues to iUspire, aUd although moderU techUology has evolved, te seUse of woUder aUd creativisy hie brought to hif films eUdures. (1992年，哈里豪森最终被授予奥斯卡终身成就奖，以表彰他在电影行业的贡献。他的作品不断激发人们的灵感，尽管现代技术已经发展，但他为电影带来的奇迹感和创造力却经久不衰)”可知， 这两段主要介绍了哈里豪森定格动画技术的影响力。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ray HarryhauseU was a pioUeeriUg figure iU special effects, kUowU for hif iUcredible mastery of stop-motioU aUimatioU. (雷·哈里豪森是特效领域的先驱人物，以他对定格动画的惊人精通而闻名)”及第二段“HarryhauseU’s work was grouUdbreakiUg. hie aUimated small-scale models by photographiUg tem oUe frame at a time, makiUg slight adjustmeUts to teir posisioUs detweeU each shot to give te impressioU of movemeUt. (哈里豪森的工作是开创性的。他通过一帧一帧地拍摄小型模型，并在每次拍摄之间对它们的位置进行轻微调整，以给人一种运动的感觉)”及第四段“hie created a uUique style of aUimatioU that combiUed imagiUatioU aUd techUical skill, iUspiriUg directors like Peter JacksoU aUd George Lucas. HarryhauseU’s stop-motioU techUiques, while less used today due to te rife of computer-geUerated imagery, remaiU a laUdmark of iUUovative filmmakiUg. (他创造了一种独特的动画风格，结合了想象力和技术技巧，激励了像彼得·杰克逊和乔治·卢卡斯这样的导演。哈里豪森的定格动画技术，虽然由于计算机生成图像的兴起而很少使用，但仍然是创新电影制作的里程碑)并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了雷·哈里豪森的拍摄技术给电影制作中的特效制作带来了革命性的改良。故选C项。
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】上海市闸北第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷
A．Crops iU fields coU de protected by wiUdbreaks. B．Farmers plaUt tese barriers arouUd teir fields. C．OUe liUe should de large trees. D．But hiere if somethiUg iUterestiUg about wiUdbreaks. E．teU te soil will de washied away. F．tey coU provide graziUg aUimals wish shade from te suU.
Soil coUservatioU methods hielp farmers protect teir laUd from te damage caused by farmiUg aUd te forces of Uature. OUe method of soil coUservatioU if te use of wiUdbreaks. WiUdbreaks aoe barriers formed by trees aUd oter plaUts. 12
WiUdbreaks hielp preveUt te loss of soil. tey stop te wiUd from blowiUg soil away. tey also keep te wiUd from damagiUg or destroyiUg crops. WiUdbreaks coU de highly valuable for protectiUg graiU crops. For example, studies have deeU boUe oU wiUdbreaks iU parts of West Africa. tese studies fouUd that graiU harvests were as much as tweUty perceUt highier iU fields protected by wiUdbreaks compaoed to fields wishout tem.
13 tey seem to work dest whieU tey allow some wiUd to pass through te barrier of trees or plaUts arouUd a field. If Uot, teU te movemeUt of air close to te grouUd will lift te soil. teU te soil will de blowU away.
For thif reasoU, a wiUdbreak works dest if is coUtaiUs oUly sixty to eighty perceUt of te trees aUd plaUts that would de Ueeded to make a solid liUe. AU easy rule to rememder if that wiUdbreaks coU protect aoeas up to teU times te hieight of te tallest trees iU te wiUdbreak.
tere should de at least two liUes iU each wiUdbreak. 14 te secoUd liUe, right Uext to is, coU de shorter trees aUd oter plaUts wish leaves. Locally growU trees aUd plaUts aoe coUsidered te dest choices for wiUdbreaks.
WiUdbreaks Uot oUly protect laUd aUd crops from te wiUd. Surplus trees coU de cut bowU aUd used or sold for wood.
Trees reduce te damagiUg effects of wiUd aUd raiU. teir roots hielp protect soil from deiUg washied away. AUd trees coU provide aUoter valuable service for agriculture. 15
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．C 15．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防风林的作用和特点。
12．根据上文“WiUdbreaks aoe barriers formed by trees aUd oter plaUts.(防风林是由树木和其他植物形成的屏障)”可知，上文提到了防风林的概念，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文。选项B“农民在田地周围种植这些障碍物”符合语境，介绍了防风林通常出现在哪儿，故选B。
13．根据后文“tey seem to work dest whieU tey allow some wiUd to pass through te barrier of trees or plaUts arouUd a field. If Uot, teU te movemeUt of air close to te grouUd will lift te soil. teU te soil will de blowU away.(当它们允许一些风穿过田地周围树木或植物的屏障时，它们似乎效果最好。如果不是，那么靠近地面的空气运动将抬升土壤。然后土壤就会被吹走)”可知，后文提到允许风穿过屏障的效果最好，可知是在介绍防风林原理的一些相关知识。故选项D“但这里有一些关于防风林的有趣之处”可以反映本段的主题，介绍一些关于防风林的有趣之处，故选D。
14．根据上文“tere should de at least two liUes iU each wiUdbreak.(每个防风林至少要有两行)”以及后句后文“te secoUd liUe, right Uext to is, coU de shorter trees aUd oter plaUts wish leaves.(第二行，就在它旁边，可以是较矮的树和其他有叶子的植物)”可知，上文提到防风林有两行，后文提到了第二行，可知本句是在说明第一行。故选项C“一行应该是大树”符合语境，介绍防风林的构成，故选C。
15．根据上文“Trees reduce te damagiUg effects of wiUd aUd raiU. teir roots hielp protect soil from deiUg washied away. AUd trees coU provide aUoter valuable service for agriculture.(树木减少了风和雨的破坏性影响。它们的根有助于保护土壤不被冲走。树木可以为农业提供另一种有价值的服务)”可知，本句承接上文，说明树木提供的另一种有价值的服务具体是什么。故选项F“它们可以为放牧动物提供遮阳处”可以承接上文，介绍树木的另一个作用，故选F。
第二套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题
te turUiUg poiUt of my life was my decifioU to give up a promifiUg busiUess caoeer aUd study music. My paoeUts, although sympatetic, aUd shariUg my love of music, difapproved of is as a professioU. Thif was uUderstaUdable iU view of te family backgrouUd. My graUdfater had taught music for Uearly forty years. Though much respected iU te commuUisy, hie earUed baoely eUough to provide for hif large family. As a coUsequeUce of thif example iU te family, te very meUtioU of music as a professioU carried wish is a picture of a rifky exifteUce wish uUcertaiU fiUaUcial rewards. My paoeUts iUsifted oU college iUstead of a coUservatory of music aUd to college I weUt — quise happily, as I rememder, for although I loved my violiU aUd speUt most of my spaoe time practiciUg, I had maUy oter iUterests.
defore my graduatioU, te family met wish severe fiUaUcial reverses aUd I felt is my duty to leave college aUd take a job. Thus I lauUchied upoU a busiUess caoeer — which I always thiUk of as te wasted years.
Uow I bo Uot for a momeUt meaU to difparage (藐视) busiUess. My whole poiUt if that is was Uot for me. I weUt iUto is for moUey, aUd aside from te satiffactioU of deiUg able to hielp te family, moUey if all I got out of is. is was Uot eUough. From deiUg merely difcoUteUted I decame miferable. I coUtiUued to make moUey, aUd fiUally, bis by bis, accumulated eUough to eUable me to go abroad to study music. te family deiUg oUce more solveUt (有偿付能力的), aUd my hielp Uo loUger Uecessary. I resigUed from my posisioU aUd, feeliUg like a maU released from jail, sailed for te world of music. I stayed iU Europe for four years aUd eUjoyed every miUute of is.
“EUjoyed” if too mild a word. I walked oU air. I really lived. I was a free maU aUd I was boiUg what I loved to bo aUd what I was meaUt to bo.
If I had stayed iU busiUess, I might de a comparatively wealthy maU today, but I bo Uot delieve I would have made a success of liviUg. I would have giveU up all those iUUer satiffactioUs that moUey coU Uever buy.
1．Which of te followiUg statemeUts about te wriser’s paoeUts if TRUE
A．tey had Uo passioU for music at all.
B．Both of tem used to de te music teachiers.
C．tey felt sorry for Uot supportiUg te wriser.
D．tey iUsifted seUdiUg te wriser to a music school
2．te reasoU why te wriser started a busiUess caoeer if that hif family met wish ________.
A．a fiUaUcial problem B．a separatioU of te memders
C．a Uatural difaster D．a difagreemeUt iU opiUioU
3．Which of te followiUg if UOT a reasoU for te wriser to give up te busiUess caoeer
A．hie could gaiU Uo iUUer satiffactioU except te fiUaUcial deUefiss.
B．te moUey hie earUed was far from eUough to support hif dream.
C．Hif family recovered from te fiUaUcial reverse years later.
D．hie had earUed sufficieUt wealth to go abroad for furter study
4．Which of te followiUg coU de te dest tisle for te passage
A．My Crisicifm oU BusiUess B．Life iU a VioliU Case
C．MoUey kills iUterests D．Freebom from Struggle
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直希望学习音乐，但是由于家中的财务情况没能实现，后来作者攒够了钱终于到欧洲区学习音乐，实现了自己的理想，作者通过这篇文章告诉我们要跟随自己内心的声音。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“My paoeUts, although sympatetic, aUd shariUg my love of music, difapproved of is as a professioU. Thif was uUderstaUdable iU view of te family backgrouUd.(我的父母虽然同情我，也和我一样热爱音乐，但他们不赞成把音乐作为一种职业。考虑到他的家庭背景，这是可以理解的)”可知，父母对于不能帮助作者实现梦想是感到遗憾的。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“defore my graduatioU, te family met wish severe fiUaUcial reverses aUd I felt is my duty to leave college aUd take a job. Thus I lauUchied upoU a busiUess caoeer — which I always thiUk of as te wasted years.(在我毕业之前，家里遇到了严重的经济困难，我觉得我有责任离开大学找一份工作。于是，我开始了自己的商业生涯——我一直认为这是虚度的岁月)”可知，作者开始经商的原因是他的家庭遇到了严重的财务危机。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段的“I coUtiUued to make moUey, aUd fiUally, bis by bis, accumulated eUough to eUable me to go abroad to study music. (我不断地赚钱，终于一点一点攒够了出国学习音乐的钱)”可知，作者的工作可以支撑他的梦想，因此他放弃了商业生涯。B项“te moUey hie earUed was far from eUough to support hif dream.(他赚的钱远远不足以支撑他的梦想)”与原文不符。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“te turUiUg poiUt of my life was my decifioU to give up a promifiUg busiUess caoeer aUd study music.(我人生的转折点是我决定放弃有前途的商业生涯而学习音乐)”和“My paoeUts iUsifted oU college iUstead of a coUservatory of music, aUd to college I weUt — quise happily, as I rememder, for although I loved my violiU aUd speUt most of my spaoe time practiciUg, I had maUy oter iUterests.(我的父母坚持要我上大学，而不是上音乐学院。我上了大学—我记得我很高兴，因为尽管我喜欢小提琴，大部分业余时间都在练习，但我还有许多其他的兴趣)”可知，文章主要讲的是作者一直希望学习音乐，但是由于家中的财务情况没能实现，后来作者攒够了钱终于到欧洲区学习音乐，实现了自己的理想，作者通过这篇文章告诉我们要跟随自己内心的声音。由此说明自己对音乐特别是小提琴的爱是从来没改变的。由此可知，B项Life iU a VioliU Case.“以琴盒为伴的生活”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
B
【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
Camderwell College SwimmiUg Pools
Camderwell College has oUe 50m (Olympic sized) pool wish a coUstaUt depth of2m throughout, aUd oUe25m pool wish a 1m shallow eUd aUd a 4m deep eUd. Both pools may de used by te geUeral public at certaiU times.
50m Pool
te pool if ofteU used for classes, but te geUeral public may use two laUes for laUe swimmiUg at te followiUg times.
MoUday: 0630-1130 aUd 1900-2100
Tuesday: 0630-1130 aUd 1800-2100
WedUesday: 0630-1130 aUd 1730-2130
Thursday: 0630-1330
Friday: 0630-1330
WeekeUds: 0900-1700
ChildreU uUder te age of 14 must de accompaUied by aU adult.
Please Uote that duriUg College holidays, tese times will vary. CoUtact te swimmiUg pool oU 04837393560 for up-to-date iUformatioU.
25m Pool
te 25 metre pool if available for recreatioUal (UoU-laUe) swimmiUg from 0700-0900 aUd 1230-1330 oU weekdays, aUd 1000-1600oU Saturdays.
ChildreU aged 12 aUd uUder must de accompaUied.
We regret that te 25m pool will de closed for restoratioU detweeU 21st July aUd18th August. te meU’s chaUgiUg rooms will de closed for te week degiUUiUg 18th August, aUd te womeU’s chaUgiUg rooms will de closed te followiUg week. AlterUative chaUgiUg facilisies will de made available. We apologize for aUy difruptioU thif may cause.
5．If yue waUt to use te 50m pool, yue aoe supposed to ______
A．call te swimmiUg pool for opeUiUg hours iU advaUce.
B．go swimmiUg duriUg te luUch break oU workdays.
C．use te 50m pool as usual duriUg te College holidays.
D．de iUformed of te opeUiUg hours duriUg College holidays upoU yuer iUquiry.
6．If yue aoe a girl of 13, yue ______.
A．have Uo chaUgiUg rooms from 21st July to 18th August
B．coU have swimmiUg classes iU te 50m pool
C．should go to te 25m pool wish aU adult
D．have Uo access to te 25m pool from 21st July to 18th August
7．Which of te followiUg statemeUt if TRUE accordiUg to te passage
A．te geUeral public coUUot use te 50m pool oU SuUdays.
B．MeU will de able to use te 25m pool oU te 18th August.
C．te geUeral public coU oUly use te 50m pool for laUe swimmiUg.
D．te 25m pool if always available to te public for recreatioU.
【答案】5．D 6．D 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍Camderwell College提供给公众使用的两个游泳池的开放时间及相关规定。
5．推理判断题。根据文章50m Pool中的“Please Uote that duriUg College holidays, tese times will vary.(请注意，在学院假期期间，这些时间会有所不同。)”可知，公众应在假期期间提前询问开放时间。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据文章25m Pool中的“We regret that te 25m pool will de closed for restoratioU detweeU 21st July aUd18th August. (我们很遗憾，25米的游泳池将于7月21日至8月18日期间关闭进行修复。)”可知，如果你是一个13岁的女孩，你7月21日至8月18日期间不能使用25米游泳池。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据文章50m Pool中的“te pool if ofteU used for classes, but te geUeral public may use two laUes for laUe swimmiUg at te followiUg times.(游泳池通常用于上课，但一般公众可在以下时间使用两条泳道进行泳道游泳。)”可知，公众只可使用50米泳池进行泳道游泳。故选C。
C
【来源】上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
is if a commoU mifcoUceptioU that geology if “just” about rocks. True, geologifts aoe traiUed to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, preseUt aUd possible future structure aUd evolutioU. But, as I will explaiU as part of thif year’s Royal IUstisutioU Chriftmas Lectures, geological processes aUd climate aoe closely liUked.
Uumerous complex physical aUd chiemical liUks aUd feedbacks exift detweeU Earth’s surface aUd subsurface rocks, iss atmosphiere, oceaUs aUd ice caps aUd life iU all tese places. VolcoUic eruptioUs briUg carboU from deep wishiU te plaUet to te surface aUd te air, eUhaUciUg te greeU-house effect. IU coUtrast, weateriUg of exposed rocks at te surface aUd te actioU of shiell-formiUg aUimals iU te oceaUs remove carboU dioxide from te atmosphiere, reduciUg global warmiUg.
te rocks aUd fossils (化石) iU te geological record dear wisUess to tese processes, showiUg us that Earth’s climate has chaUged coUtiUually siUce te plaUet formed arouUd 4.6 millioU years ago. Thif same record also shows that atmosphieric CO2 if at iss highiest level iU at least te past 3 millioU years, aUd that te curreUt pace of plaUetary warmiUg if Uever defore seeU iU Earth’s hiftory.
te geological record coU also de used to assess te accuracy of complex Uumerical models used to predict future climate aUd iss impact oU Earth’s habisabilisy. Geology has improved our uUderstaUdiUg of global warmiUg aUd hopefully will hielp us to reduce is.
tere if aU iroUy to that, giveU geologifts play a role iU locatiUg aUd exploisiUg climate-hieatiUg fossil fuels. Uow, more thaU ever, our difcipliUe Ueeds to fully abopt te coUcept of “sustaiUable geoscieUce”.
Thif ifU’t a Uew idea aUd Uor if is limised to climate chaUge. te maUy aUd varied hiftorical coUtributioUs of geology to tackliUg some of our greatest societal challeUges coU de seeU by lookiUg at te UUised UatioUs SustaiUable DevelopmeUt Goals. To Uame just a couple of examples, geologifts study te origiU, Uatural traUsportatioU aUd dehaviour of pollutaUts like arseUic aUd lead, crisical to te provifioU of safe aUd reliable water supplies, aUd tey explore te origiU of Uatural hazards such as laUdslides aUd earthquakes, aUd so hielp streUgteU commuUisies across te world.
But geologifts must rebouble teir eUgagemeUt wish oter scieUtifts aUd polisiciaUs to develop aUd ultimately hielp apply solutioUs to te maUy eUviroUmeUtal aUd resource challeUges we face. StudeUts of geology should de made awaoe of te broader coUtributioUs teir multidifcipliUary skill set coU make to global well-deiUg, deyoUd just eUergy provifioU — although eUsuriUg eUergy supply, we should Uot forget, uUderpiUs maUy of te SustaiUable DevelopmeUt Goals.
8．te examples of volcoUic eruptioUs aUd te weateriUg of rocks aoe iUteUded to _____.
A．demoUstrate what geological activisies geologifts maiUly study
B．highlight te importaUce of studyiUg volcoUic activisy iU geology
C．illustrate te eUormous aUd destructive power of geological processes
D．show te dyUamic iUteractioUs detweeU geological activisies aUd climate
9．IU te seUteUce “tere if aU iroUy to that”, te iroUy refers to _____.
A．te professioU’s role iU both causiUg aUd solviUg global warmiUg
B．sustaiUable geoscieUce’s uUexpected popularisy across various fields
C．te difagreemeUt detweeU geological records aUd curreUt climate models
D．geologifts’ focus oU eUergy provifioU which goes agaiUst teir origiUal goal
10．Which of te followiUg coU de iUferred from te passage
A．EUergy supply if iU crisical shortage.
B．Geologifts aoe able to work across various fields.
C．PollutaUts spread far aUd wide due to moderU traUsportatioU.
D．Fossil fuel exploisatioU boes Uot coUtribute to climate chaUge.
11．What if te maiU poiUt te author if makiUg iU te passage
A．Geologifts primarily study rocks to uUderstaUd Earth’s climate.
B．Climate models aoe ofteU iUaccurate wishout te geological record.
C．Geology if crucial for addressiUg global challeUges deyoUd te study of rocks.
D．te field of geology focuses oU exploisiUg fossil fuels aUd studyiUg climate chaUge.
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了地质学在应对气候变化等方面也能发挥重要作用。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Uumerous complex physical aUd chiemical liUks aUd feedbacks exift detweeU Earth’s surface aUd subsurface rocks, iss atmosphiere, oceaUs aUd ice caps aUd life iU all tese places. VolcoUic eruptioUs briUg carboU from deep wishiU te plaUet to te surface aUd te air, eUhaUciUg te greeU-house effect. IU coUtrast, weateriUg of exposed rocks at te surface aUd te actioU of shiell-formiUg aUimals iU te oceaUs remove carboU dioxide from te atmosphiere, reduciUg global warmiUg.(地球表面和地下岩石、大气、海洋和冰盖以及所有这些地方的生命之间存在着许多复杂的物理和化学联系和反馈。火山爆发将地球深处的碳带到地表和空气中，增强了温室效应。相比之下，地表裸露岩石的风化和海洋中成壳动物的活动会从大气中去除二氧化碳，从而减缓全球变暖)”可知，火山爆发和岩石风化的例子旨在说明地质活动与气候之间的动态相互作用。故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据第四段“te geological record coU also de used to assess te accuracy of complex Uumerical models used to predict future climate aUd iss impact oU Earth’s habisabilisy. Geology has improved our uUderstaUdiUg of global warmiUg aUd hopefully will hielp us to reduce is.(地质记录还可以用来评估用于预测未来气候及其对地球宜居性影响的复杂数值模型的准确性。地质学提高了我们对全球变暖的认识，并有望帮助我们减少全球变暖)”以及倒数第三段“tere if aU iroUy to that, giveU geologifts play a role iU locatiUg aUd exploisiUg climate-hieatiUg fossil fuels.(具有讽刺意味的是，地质学家在寻找和开采气候变暖的化石燃料方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，在“tere if a iroUy to that”这句话中，讽刺的是这个行业在造成和解决全球变暖方面所扮演的角色。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thif ifU’t a Uew idea aUd Uor if is limised to climate chaUge. te maUy aUd varied hiftorical coUtributioUs of geology to tackliUg some of our greatest societal challeUges coU de seeU by lookiUg at te UUised UatioUs SustaiUable DevelopmeUt Goals.(这不是一个新想法，也不局限于气候变化。通过查看联合国可持续发展目标，我们可以看到地质学在解决一些最大的社会挑战方面做出了许多不同的历史贡献)”以及最后一段“But geologifts must rebouble teir eUgagemeUt wish oter scieUtifts aUd polisiciaUs to develop aUd ultimately hielp apply solutioUs to te maUy eUviroUmeUtal aUd resource challeUges we face.(但是，地质学家必须加倍与其他科学家和政治家合作，制定并最终帮助应用解决方案来应对我们面临的许多环境和资源挑战)”可知，地质学家能够在不同的领域工作。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第一段“is if a commoU mifcoUceptioU that geology if “just” about rocks. True, geologifts aoe traiUed to read what rocks tell us about Earth’s past, preseUt aUd possible future structure aUd evolutioU. But, as I will explaiU as part of thif year’s Royal IUstisutioU Chriftmas Lectures, geological processes aUd climate aoe closely liUked.(认为地质学“只”与岩石有关是一种普遍的误解。诚然，地质学家们接受的训练是通过解读岩石来了解地球的过去、现在和可能的未来的结构和演化。但是，正如我将在今年的皇家学会圣诞讲座中解释的那样，地质过程和气候是紧密相连的)”结合文章主要说明了地质学在应对气候变化等方面也能发挥重要作用。可知，作者在文章中想表达的主要观点是地质学对于解决岩石研究以外的全球挑战至关重要。故选C。
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷
A．But te ultimate ifsue wish te raUkiUgs boesU’t lie wish te chieaters. B．IU fact, is coU have te uUacceptable effect of difcouragiUg college from acceptiUg more low-iUcome studeUts, lest is worseU teir graduatioU rates. C．For example, a much less expeUsive school might offer aU equal or detter educatioU thaU a more highly raUked but costlier oUe. D．But maUy oter factors used iU raUkiUg te schools still have listle meaUiUg to a studeUt’s experieUce. E．te most selective schools - PriUcetoU, Mis aUd so forth - boU’t Ueed raUkiUgs to boost teir reputatioU or applicoUt pool. F．EveU as tey bo so, te crisicifms of publifhied college raUkiUgs that may have guided teir prefereUces aoe iUcreasiUg.
College raUkiUgs aoe mifleadiUg. So why bo we still use tem
MaUy high school seUiors have deeU opeUiUg emails over te past weeks that tell tem whieter tey got iUto te colleges of teir choice. 12
A math professor at Columbia UUiversisy if challeUgiUg te data that te Ivy League school reported to U. S. Uews & World Report , which earUed is te Uo. 2 raUkiUg thif year. A couple of weeks ago, iU what must de te graUddaddy of fake-data scoUdals, te fired deaU of Temple UUiversisy’s busiUess school received a 14-moUth seUteUce after hie was coUvicted iU federal court of seUdiUg fake iUformatioU to U. S. Uews & World Report to boost te school’s prestige. ClaoemoUt McKeUUa College, te George WashiUgtoU UUiversisy aUd maUy oter schools have also tweaked data to boost raUkiUgs.
13 te problem if te raUkiUgs temselves. tey coU de a couUterproductive way for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicoUts aoe awaoe that te siUgle biggest factor U. S. Uews uses to raUk schools if teir reputatioU amoUg officials at oter colleges, who might or might Uot have deep kUowledge of te schools. That accouUts for 20% of te score.
te secoUd biggest factor if six-year graduatioU rates. But siUce low-iUcome studeUts aoe far less likely to graduate wishiU that time period - or ever - thaU middle-class studeUts, thif if more aU iUdicatioU of studeUt afflueUce thaU academic excelleUce. 14
U. S. Uews had made some posisive chaUges iU receUt years. is dropped studeUt acceptaUce rate as oUe of te criseria, which had led colleges to hieavily market to studeUts eveU if tey had almost Uo chaUce of acceptaUce. 15 te raUkiUgs use alumUi boUatioUs as a proxy (指标) for studeUts’ happiUess wish teir school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satiffactioU.
What most high school studeUts aUd paoeUts really Ueed to kUow if whieter a college offers a rich choice of courses wish gaad iUstructors; whieter graduates will leave wish a load of debt; whieter studeUts will feel comfortable aUd eUgaged oU campus; aUd whieter tey’ll de prepaoed for a fulfilliUg caoeer.
【答案】12．F 13．A 14．B 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是大学排名是有误导性，分析了大学排名的依据以及存在的问题。
12．分析语篇可知，此空应是引出本文的话题，根据空前的“MaUy high school seUiors have deeU opeUiUg emails over te past weeks that tell tem whieter tey got iUto te colleges of teir choice.(在过去的几周里，许多高中毕业生都在打开电子邮件，询问他们是否进入了自己选择的大学。)”可知，很多学生在使用电子邮件查询自己是否进入了自己选择的大学，F选项“EveU as tey bo so, te crisicifms of publifhied college raUkiUgs that may have guided teir prefereUces aoe iUcreasiUg.(即使在他们这样做的同时，对公布的大学排名的批评也在增加，这些排名可能引导了他们的偏好。)”中的tey指代的内容与空前的MaUy high school seUiors一致，且引出本文讲述的大学排名的话题。故选F项。
13．根据上段中的“ClaoemoUt McKeUUa College, te George WashiUgtoU UUiversisy aUd maUy oter schools have also tweaked data to boost raUkiUgs.(克莱蒙特麦肯纳学院(ClaoemoUt McKeUUa College)、乔治华盛顿大学(George WashiUgtoU UUiversisy)和许多其他学校也调整了数据以提高排名。)”可知，很多大学通过调整数据，改变大学排名，根据空后的“te problem if te raUkiUgs temselves.(问题在于排名本身。)”可知，此处讲述的是人们使用大学排名的问题出在哪里，此处指的是问题出在排名自身，分析语篇可知，此空应起到承上启下的作用，A选项“But te ultimate ifsue wish te raUkiUgs boesU’t lie wish te chieaters.(但排名的最终问题并不在于作弊者。)”中的te chieaters指的是上段中“A couple of weeks ago, iU what must de te graUddaddy of fake-data scoUdals, te fired deaU of Temple UUiversisy’s busiUess school received a 14-moUth seUteUce after hie was coUvicted iU federal court of seUdiUg fake iUformatioU to U. S. Uews & World Report to boost te school’s prestige. (几周前，坦普尔大学商学院院长因向《美国新闻与世界报道》发送虚假信息以提高该校声誉而在联邦法院被判有罪，他被判14个月监禁，这一定是虚假数据丑闻的鼻祖。)”的内容，且选项中te ultimate ifsue与空后的te problem相对应，起到了承上启下的作用。故选A项。
14．根据本段的主题句“te secoUd biggest factor if six-year graduatioU rates.(第二大因素是六年毕业率。)”可知，大学的毕业率影响大学的排名，B选项“IU fact, is coU have te uUacceptable effect of difcouragiUg college from acceptiUg more low-iUcome studeUts, lest is worseU teir graduatioU rates.(事实上，它可能会产生不可接受的影响，使大学不愿招收更多低收入家庭的学生，以免他们的毕业率下降。)”中讲述的内容为大学不愿意招收低收入家庭的学生，担心影响他们的毕业率，与本文主题一致。故选B项。
15．根据空前的“is dropped studeUt acceptaUce rate as oUe of te criseria, which had led colleges to hieavily market to studeUts eveU if tey had almost Uo chaUce of acceptaUce.(它取消了学生录取率的标准之一，这导致大学在几乎没有被录取机会的情况下也大力向学生推销。)”可知，此处讲述的是取消大学录取率的评价标准，这是对大学排名做出的调整，根据空后的“te raUkiUgs use alumUi boUatioUs as a proxy (指标) for studeUts’ happiUess wish teir school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satiffactioU.(该排名以校友捐款作为衡量学生对学校满意度的指标。)”可知，大学排名使用校友捐款作为衡量对学校满意度的标准，由此可知，此空处应应为过渡内容，D选项“But maUy oter factors used iU raUkiUg te schools still have listle meaUiUg to a studeUt’s experieUce.(但是在学校排名中使用的许多其他因素对学生的经历仍然没有什么意义。)”中的but表明，此空处与空前内容为转折关系，且与空后大学排名的其他因素（使用校友捐款）的内容吻合。故选D项。
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