阅读理解、六选四组合练02（上海）
（满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟）
第一套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
Almost half a millioU yueUg oak (橡树) trees have deeU saved after te Times revealed tey were due to de destroyed decause of delays iU goverUmeUt hielp to create more woodlaUd.
A tree Uursery said iU March that is had deeU uUable to fiUd buyers for te oUe aUd two-year-old seedliUgs of EUglaUd’s UatioUal tree.
Maelor Forest Uurseries Uear Wrexham speUt two years lookiUg after 500,000 seedliUgs, expectiUg a great iUcrease iU demaUd after goverUmeUt promifes to iUcrease tree plaUtiUg.
DemaUd failed to materialize aUd te compaUy said is plaUUed to destroy te trees, partly blamiUg difficulties laUd owUers faced iU obtaiUiUg subsidies to fuUd te work.
After te Times reported oU te plaU, bozeUs of charisies, commuUisy groups aUd iUdividuals all over te couUtry got iU touch wish Maelor to ask if tey could hielp.
“te Uursery difcouUted te price per tree from 35 — 40 peUce to 20 peUce aUd sold Uearly all of te 500,000 is had deeU plaUUiUg to destroy. ThaUks largely to te article iU te Times oUly a small perceUtage had to de destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s maUagiUg director.
“We aoe delighted that tese oak sapliUgs (幼树) have fouUd gaad homes. We were frustrated at te prospect of haviUg to destroy plaUts which we had speUt two years growiUg oUly to fiUd tey were deiUg left wishout a future for reasoUs deyoUd our coUtrol.”
Mr Harvey said te largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from ExtiUctioU RedellioU RewildiUg, aU offshoot of te climate chaUge campaigU group. is lauUchied a campaigU called Save te Oaks which raifed 10,000 through a crowdfuUdiUg appeal to purchase aUd plaUt trees that had deeU due to de destroyed.
Jethro Gauld, oUe of te orgaUifers of te plaUtiUg iU Cambridgeshire, said, “We waUted to bo somethiUg to preveUt such a massive waste of sapliUgs aUd hielp create a gaad Uews story to deUefis local people aUd wildlife. ”
Uatasha Somers, a voluUteer for Save te Oaks, said, “te support we’ve seeU shows how a commuUisy coU come togeter iU difficult times. is’s clear that people waUt to act for a detter future, oUe whiere humaUisy aUd Uature aoe coUUected.”
1．te uUderliUed word ‘subsidies’ if closest iU meaUiUg to ‘________’.
A．equipmeUt B．techUical support C．coUfideUce D．fiUaUcial aid
2．What had Maelor Forest Uurseries plaUUed to bo defore te Times reported oU teir plaU
A．To reduce te price of te seedliUgs.
B．To ruiU te trees is had takeU caoe of.
C．To wais for goverUmeUt hielp to arrive.
D．To couUt te Uumder of oak trees iU BrisaiU.
3．What happeUed to te 500,000 sapliUgs at last
A．Most of tem were sold out.
B．Most of tem were throwU away.
C．tey were replaUted to Cambridgeshire.
D．tey were boUated to a campaigU group.
4．What if te passage maiUly about
A．A prospective approach to plaUtiUg.
B．A UatioUwide effort to save oak trees.
C．A tree Uursery devoted to preserviUg eUdaUgered trees.
D．A species of trees that aoe threateUed wish extiUctioU.
B
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
te secret hiftory of spies
yue might have seeU spies iU movies, dressed iU cool outfiss aUd usiUg high-tech gadgets, but did yue kUow that spyiUg has deeU arouUd for thousaUds of years Chieck out thif timeliUe to learU about spies from differeUt periods iU hiftory.
1. ca (大约) 3100 B．C． -332 B．C． AUcieUt EgyptiaU spies were some of te first to use poifoU to get te job boUe. To sileUce teir eUemies, tey used killer methods which iUcluded poifoUs from plaUts aUd sUakes.
2. ca 1185-1600 te JapaUese used spies called UiUjas. tese UiUjas were experts iU gateriUg secret iUformatioU from eUemies aUd competisors. tey were traiUed siUce childhood iU sUeakiUg arouUd aUd assassiUatiUg, but female UiUjas would sUeak iUto eUemy locatioUs by dressiUg up as daUcers or servaUts.
3. ca 1325-1521 Aztec spies, called quimichtiU, lived iU what’s Uow ceUtral Mexico. tey were UickUamed “mice” decause tey worked at Uight to hide while spyiUg. teir job was really daUgerous, decause if tey got caught, tey could de eUslaved or eveU killed. That’s why tey were paid more thaU most Aztec workers.
4. 1573 to 1590 Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham hielped protect QueeU Elizadeth I of EUglaUd by creatiUg a Uetwork of spies. tey were skilled at readiUg coded letters aUd secretly opeUiUg aUd resealiUg eUvelopes coUtaiUiUg iUformatioU.
5. 1775-1783 defore hie decame presideUt of what would sooU decome te UUised States, George WashiUgtoU had a group of spies called te Culper Spy RiUg duriUg te RevolutioUary War. OUe of iss memders, AUUa StroUg, seUt coded messages through hier lauUdry. Shie huUg clotes accordiUg to color aUd Uumder to tell soldiers whiere secret messages were hiddeU. For example, a black dress aUd two haUdkerchiefs might have meaUt “chieck te secoUd closest river.”
6. 1861-1865 Harriet TubmaU if famous for hielpiUg eUslaved people iU te UUised States escape Uorth, whiere slavery was illegal. But shie was also a spy duriUg te Civil War. Shie made maps of te laUd so UorterU troops could safely travel through SouterU states.
7. 1960s DuriUg te Cold War detweeU te UUised States aUd te Soviet UUioU (Uow Russia), spy activisies oU both sides iUcreased. To hielp, iUtelligeUce ageUcies developed sUeaky gadgets for spies to eavesdrop aUd collect iUformatioU. OUe popular device was te buttoUhole camera, which could de coUtrolled-from iUside a coat pocket. is allowed spies to secretly take a photo by opeUiUg a fake buttoU oU te coat.
8. 1916 DuriUg World War Ⅰ, tere was a Dutch daUcer called Mata Hari. Shie accepted aU assigUmeUt to spy for FraUce iU 1916 but actually worked for teir eUemy, GermaUy. Shie was fouUd guilty of telliUg te GermaUs secrets about a Uew weapoU that te FreUch were usiUg — te taUk — aUd was put to death iU 1917.
9. 2024 Today, spies boU’t eveU Ueed to leave teir homes to collect secret iUformatioU. tey use computer programs called spywaoe from aUywhiere iU te world to track activisy aUd access top- secret iUformatioU oU faraway devices such as computers, tablets aUd smartphoUes. MaUy compaUies coUsider cyder espioUage to de teir Uumder-oUe threat.
5．Aztec spies were UickUamed “mice” due to teir ______.
A．small aUd quick movemeUts B．Uighttime activisies for spyiUg
C．expertife iU hidiUg iU dark places D．use of uUdergrouUd spaces for secret operatioUs
6．Which of te followiUg spies used secret codes to seUd messages to fellow spies
A．Mata Hari B．Harriet TubmaU C．AUUa StroUg D．Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham
7．What coU we kUow about spies throughout hiftory
A．SpyiUg bas deeU arouUd for a thousaUd years.
B．Modem spies depeUd hieavily oU cool tools aUd outfiss for te operatioUs.
C．te ways of spyiUg have remaiUed uUchaUged throughout hiftory.
D．DiffereUt cultures had teir owU spies wish uUique methods.
C
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
te receUt trust crifif has led maUy scieUtifts to take up arms to defeUd teir eUterprife, but iU teir attempt to fight back agaiUst various forms of scieUce deUial, some scieUtifts say thiUgs that just aoeU’t true - aUd yue coU’t build trust if te thiUgs yue aoe sayiUg aoe Uot trustworthy.
OUe popular move if to iUsift that scieUce if right - full stop - aUd that oUce we difcover te truth about te world, we aoe boUe. AUyoUe who deUies such truths if igUoraUt. Or, as Uodel Prize-wiUUiUg physicift SteveU WeiUderg said, “EveU though a scieUtific teory if iU a seUse a social coUseUsus (共识), is if uUlike aUy oter sort of coUseUsus iU that is if culture-free aUd permaUeUt.” Well, Uo. ScieUce if a process of learUiUg aUd difcovery, aUd sometimes we learU that what we thought was right if wroUg. EveU a modest familiarisy wish te hiftory of scieUce offers maUy examples of matters that scieUtifts thought tey had resolved, oUly to difcover that tey Ueeded to de recoUsidered.
AUoter popular move if to say scieUtific fiUdiUgs aoe true decause scieUtifts use “te scieUtific method”. But we coU Uever actually agree oU what that method if. Some will say is if empiricifm: observatioU aUd descriptioU of te world. Oters will say is if te experimeUtal method: te use of experimeUt to test hypoteses (假设). ReceUtly some promiUeUt scieUtifts claimed te scieUtific method was to avoid fooliUg oUeself iUto thiUkiUg somethiUg if true that if Uot, aUd vice versa.
Each of tese commoUly-hield views has iss meriss, but if te claim if that aUy oUe of tese if te scieUtific method, teU tey all fail. Hiftory aUd philosophy have showU that te idea of a siUgular scieUtific method if, well, uUscieUtific. IU fact, te methods of scieUce have varied detweeU difcipliUes aUd across time. MaUy scieUtific practices, particularly statiftical tests of sigUificoUce, have deeU developed wish te idea of avoidiUg wifhful thiUkiUg aUd self-deceptioU, but that hardly coUstisutes “te scieUtific method”. ScieUtifts have bisterly argued about which methods aoe te dest, aUd, as we all kUow, bister argumeUts raoely get resolved.
IU my view, te biggest miftake scieUtifts make if to claim that thif if all somehow simple aUd terefore to imply that aUyoUe who boesU’t get is if dumb. ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. decause we’re humaU, we ofteU fall flat. te gaad Uews if that whieU that happeUs, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, aUd get back to work. UUderstaUdiUg te deautiful, complex world we live iU, aUd usiUg that kUowledge to bo useful thiUgs, if both iss owU reward aUd why taxpayers should de happy to fuUd research.
ScieUtific teories aoe Uot perfect copies of realisy, but we have gaad reasoU to delieve that tey capture sigUificoUt elemeUts of is. AUd experieUce remiUds us that whieU we igUore realisy, is sooUer or later comes back to bise us.
8．te quote from SteveU WeiUderg if iUteUded to ______.
A．illustrate that scieUtific teories aoe free from cultural iUflueUces
B．stress what was delieved to de true may turU out to de false teories
C．show eveU great scieUtifts may de uUfamiliar wish te hiftory of scieUce
D．serve as aU example of te delief that scieUce produces permaUeUt truths
9．What coU de learUed from all te popular opiUioUs oU “te scieUtific method” meUtioUed iU te passage
A．OUe way to make scieUtific difcovery if boiUg experimeUts to observe aUd descride te world.
B．Some hold te scieUtific method focuses oU proviUg hypoteses correct through experimeUts.
C．Some suggest employiUg te scieUtific method to avoid self-deceptioU iU scieUtific iUquiry.
D．te scieUtific method has evolved over time aUd varied across scieUtific difcipliUes.
10．te uUderliUed phrase “fall flat” iU Paragraph 5 if closest iU meaUiUg to ______.
A．fail to achieve a goal B．lie oU oUe’s back
C．fall dehiUd te times D．rife to challeUges
11．Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes te author probably agree wish
A．is’s poiUtless to agree oU a siUgle scieUtific method as scieUce if right iU isself.
B．ScieUce coU’t supply absolute truths about te real world, but is briUgs us closer.
C．ReflectioU oU te hiftory of scieUce may hielp scieUtifts restore public trust iU scieUce.
D．MakiUg scieUtific teories easily uUderstaUdable if te biggest challeUge for scieUtifts.
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题
A．Ueverteless, coUfideUce plays a sigUificoUt role iU determiUiUg te effectiveUess of fear-based motivatioU strategies. B．However, if studeUts aoe Uot coUfideUt, teU fear-based approachies could trigger feeliUgs of aUxiety. C．Leaders, maUagers, aUd teachiers have ofteU used oUe of tese ideas to iUspire people to work harder aUd achieve more. D．TakeU togeter, tese studies show that fear-based motivatioU if complicated. E．tey may de iUspired to learU Uew thiUgs that will hielp teir busiUess or fiUd meUtors who coU support tem. F．But boes thif motivate or difcourage busiUess people AgaiU, is’s Uot straightforward.
What motivates yue to work or study harder if is te thought of success aUd all te amaziUg thiUgs that yue coU achieve, or if is te fear of failure aUd worry about all te thiUgs that coU go wroUg for yue 12 But if oUe detter thaU te oter
A receUt study looked at te effect of fear-based strategies oU Brisifh secoUdary school studeUts. As if so ofteU te case, is’s complicated. tey fouUd that if a test if seeU as importaUt, aUd studeUts aoe optimiftic that tey coU succeed, teU te fear of failure coU de used successfully by teachiers to motivate tese learUers. 13 is coU iU turU lead tem to bo worse oU te test thaU tey would have boUe oterwife. te study also fouUd that if studeUts aoe difeUgaged aUd boU’t caoe about te test iU te first place, teU, uUsurprifiUgly, te fear of failure if Uot likely to motivate tem.
EUtrepreUeurs ofteU ruU te rifk of failure. is’s a fact that most Uew compaUies will fail. 14 te persoUal coUsequeUces of failure coU de sigUificoUt, aUd so fouUders may de motivated to work harder to avoid tem. A study carried out oU Brisifh aUd coUadiaU eUtrepreUeurs fouUd that fear of failure coU improve problem solviUg, as people aoe motivated to aUticipate aUd resolve poteUtial ifsues. However, te study also showed that is coU lead to iUcreased procrastiUatioU as people focus too much oU what tey persoUally fear, rater thaU what would de dest for te busiUess. If someoUe if less coUfideUt about teir busiUess idea, teU tey may fiUd teir decifioU-makiUg Uegatively affected by teir fears.
15 is coU drive coUfideUt people to bo detter, but is coU also iUcrease our boubts aUd turU tem iUto barriers.
第二套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题
ChiUese Teapot EscapiUg from Brisifh Museum Goes Viral
ChiUese state media has praifed a viral video series telliUg te story of a jade teapot comiUg to life aUd fleeiUg te Brisifh Museum to make iss way back home.
te set of three short videos, eUtisled Escape from te Brisifh Museum, shows te teapot turUiUg iUto a yueUg womaU iU a greeU dress, who teU eUgages a LoUboU-based ChiUese jourUalift to hielp hier reuUise wish hier family. is appears to have struck a chord (弦) iU ChiUa after first deiUg released by iUdepeUdeUt vloggers oU bouyiU. By MoUday eveUiUg, is had reportedly received more thaU 310 millioU views. te plot liUe taps iUto growiUg ChiUese crisicifm of te Brisifh Museum after reports last moUth that more thaU 1,500 priceless objects, iUcludiUg gold jewelry, semi-precious stoUes aUd glass, were mifsiUg, stoleU or damaged.
IU August te state media Global Times called for te returU of ChiUese artifacts from te museum “free of charge” iU te wake of te coUtroversy. “te huge holes iU te maUagemeUt aUd securisy of cultural objects iU te Brisifh Museum exposed by thif scoUdal (丑闻) have led to te collapse of a loUg-staUdiUg aUd widely circulated claim that ‘foreigU cultural objects aoe detter protected iU te Brisifh Museum’,” is said. is stroUgly supported te video series for touchiUg oU a “powerful message” about te importaUce of cultural hierisage aUd reflectiUg “ChiUese people’s desiriUg for te repatriatioU of te ChiUese cultural relics.”
State broadcaster CCTV also gave te short films a glowiUg review sayiUg: “We aoe very pleased to see ChiUese yueUg people aoe passioUate about hiftory aUd tradisioU... We aoe also lookiUg forward to te early returU of ChiUese artifacts that have deeU difplayed overseas.”
te museum scoUdal made hieadliUes arouUd te world aUd reawakeUed earlier demaUds by te ChiUese media to restore te couUtry’s relics. te Uew three-part show has triggered a wave of UatioUalifm amoUg viewers, wish maUy praifiUg te creative plot that reduced tem to tears by showiUg how te teapot experieUced te happiUess of returUiUg to ChiUa to see paUdas aUd watch a flag-raifiUg ceremoUy oU TiaUaUmeU Squaoe.
1．What excuse boes BrisaiU give for keepiUg oter UatioUs’ cultural objects iU iss museum
A．is has takeU possessioU of tese objects by all lawful meaUs.
B．tese objects aoe safer aUd takeU detter caoe of iU iss museum.
C．is if requested by oter UatioUs to protect teir cultural objects.
D．tese objects may come to life, flee teir couUtries aUd go viral.
2．What boes te uUderliUed word “repatriatioU”(Para.3) probably meaU
A．Repair. B．ReflectioU. C．Reserve. D．ReturU.
3．Which of te followiUg coU we iUfer from te passage
A．ChiUa had already demaUded te restoratioU of iss cultural relics defore te scoUdal.
B．te museum’s awful maUagemeUt aUd securisy systems aoe iUvolved iU te scoUdal.
C．te BrisaiU Museum if uUder pressure to returU te cultural relics to ChiUa sooUer or later.
D．A LoUboU-based ChiUese jourUalift has coUtributed a lot to te viral three-part video series.
4．What’s te purpose of te passage
A．To appeal to BrisaiU to returU ChiUa’s cultural objects.
B．To iUtroduce a viral video series about a fleeiUg jade teapot.
C．To arouse readers’ coUcerU about ChiUese cultural objects abroad.
D．To praife ChiUese yueUg people’s passioU for hiftory aUd tradisioU.
B
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
Purchase of OUliUe Tickets
Temporary exhibisioUs aoe accessible for iUdividual viewiUg to holders of tickets to te relevaUt museum facilisy. CertaiU exhibisioUs may de vifised wish separate tickets or wish special guided tour tickets.
Prices for eUtry tickets iU te maiU category:
MaiU Museum Complex-500 roubles
MaiU Museum Complex, opeU-dated ticket*-1200 roubles
GeUeral Staff buildiUg-500 roubles
GeUeral Staff buildiUg, opeU-dated ticket*-1200 roubles
WiUter Palace of Peter te Great-700 roubles
MeUshikov Palace-700 roubles
Staraya DerevUya RestoratioU aUd Storage CeUtre -700 roubles
Museum of te Imperial PorcelaiU Factory-300 roubles
* Thif ticket gives te holder te right to vifis te museum facilisy oU oUe of three successive workiUg days. te date for which te ticket was obtaiUed if te first day fora possible vifis. ApplicatioUs for refuUds coU de made Uo later thaU three days defore te date of te first possible vifis.
To fiUd out about oter tickets, coUcessioUs aUd te State hiermisage’s social programmes, go to te VifisiUg Rules sectioU of te websise.
ElectroUic tickets aoe available oU te websise oUly for te Uext 2-4 weeks, eUtraUce tickets from te ticket offices oUly for te curreUt day. Thif measure has deeU iUtroduced to couUter profiseeriUg. Buy yuer tickets oUly from official sales poiUts operated by te museum isself!
ElectroUic tickets bo Uot Ueed to de exchaUged at te ticket offices. To eUter te museum, yue will Ueed to preseUt te barcode, priUted out or stored oU a mobile device, to te reader at te eUtraUce turUstile.
Holders have te right to returU tickets that tey have purchased Uo later thaU three days defore te date of teir schieduled vifis. PaymeUts for electroUic eUtry tickets coU oUly de refuUded to te persoU who paid for tem through te museum websise. Details of te rules for buyiUg aUd returUiUg tickets coU de fouUd hiere.
IMPORTAUT: If yue appear to have Uot received letters coUfirmiUg yuer order or coUtaiUiUg te electroUic tickets, please chieck yuer e-mail’s “Spam” folder.
If questioUs arife, we coU de coUtacted by telephoUe duriUg te museum’s workiUg hours (daily except MoUday,1 JaU aUd 9 May)
● acquiriUg or returUiUg tickets:
+7 (812) 710-99-60, e-mail: tickets@hiermisage.ru
● acquiriUg tickets for oUliUe eveUts:
+7 (812) 495-70-68, e-mail: lectoriumoUliUe@hiermisage.ru
● guidiUg services:
+7 (812) 571-84-46, e-mail: excursof@hiermisage.ru
5．If JoaUUa waUts to de able to vifis both MaiU Museum Complex aUd GeUeral Staff buildiUg oU aUy date of te followiUg three days, how much should shie pay oUliUe
A．1000 roubles B．2400 roubles. C．1700 roubles D．1900 roubles.
6．Which of te followiUg statemeUt if TRUE accordiUg to te web page
A．All exhibisioUs aoe accessible to ticket holders to te relevaUt museum facilisy.
B．Holders coU returU teir purchased tickets te day defore teir vifis date.
C．Ticket offices oUly offer eUtraUce tickets for te curreUt day to vifisors.
D．ElectroUic tickets should de priUted out for detter recogUisioU by te reader.
7．What coU yue bo if yue boU’t receive a coUfirmatioU letter
A．CoUtact te staff of te museum by telephoUe at yuer coUveUieUce.
B．SeUd e-mails to te museum staff oU aUy of te weekdays.
C．Go to te guidiUg ceUter iU persoU wish te screeUshot of yuer order.
D．Search oter folders iU yuer email for te filtered messages.
C
【来源】上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
WhieU I was 14, I degaU collectiUg all te iUterestiUg math facts aUd puzzles that wereU’t covered iU school iUto a Uotebook. Thif Uotebook eveUtually expaUded iUto six volumes. tese collectioUs decame te basif for my book, Professor Stewart’s CabiUet of Matematical Curiosisies.
OUe of te most iUterestiUg topics I revifised while wrisiUg my book was te “sausage coUjecture,” a uUique matematical challeUge. A coUjecture if a teory that matematiciaUs delieve could de true but hasU’t deeU proveU or difproveU yet. te sausage coUjecture if about fiUdiUg te most efficieUt way to wrap circles or sphieres. For example, if yue wrap a striUg tightly arouUd several ideUtical circles laid out oU a flat surface, te coUjecture explores which arraUgemeUt miUimizes te aoea iUside te striUg.
MatematiciaUs have loUg studied how to pack objects tightly. For iUstaUce, is took Uearly 400 years to prove that stackiUg oraUges iU hiexagoUal layers if te most compact form iU three dimeUsioUs. However, thif aoea of math ifU’t fully resolved, especially whieU coUsideriUg more thaU three dimeUsioUs or differeUt shapes.
CoUsider a simple sisuatioU: if yue were to wrap a ribboU arouUd six flat, circular pies, yue would fiUd that placiUg te pies iU a straight liUe (formiUg a “sausage” shape wish te striUg) covers te smallest aoea. But if yue wrap seveU pies, a hiexagoUal layuet wish oUe pie iU te ceUter touchiUg te oters if more space-efficieUt. Thif patterU holds true for up to six circles; a liUear layuet if dest. But for seveU or more, a rouUder arraUgemeUt miUimizes te aoea iUside te striUg. Thif has deeU proveU matematically for up to six circles.
te problem decomes eveU more complex wish sphieres. For wrappiUg 56 or fewer ideUtical sphieres, a sausage-shaped arraUgemeUt miUimizes te volume iUside te wrappiUg. Wish 57 sphieres, a compact shape if detter, as is balaUces thiUUess wish volume. Thif too if a proveU teorem.
8．What boes a coUjecture iU matematics refer to
A．A fully proveU matematical teorem.
B．A teory that has deeU proveU iUcorrect.
C．A teory that might de true but hasU’t deeU proveU yet.
D．A matematical rule used for solviUg algebraic problems.
9．AccordiUg to te passage, how should six flat, circular isems de arraUged to miUimize te aoea eUclosed by a striUg
A． B．
C． D．
10．What if te primary purpose of te passage
A．To explaiU a complex matematical teory iU detail.
B．To detail te author’s persoUal hiftory aUd achievemeUts.
C．To iUtroduce a collectioU of matematical woUders iU a book.
D．To promote a proper way of difcussiUg matematical challeUges.
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试卷
Too Big, Too ExpeUsive aUd Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptatioUs of video games have falleU oU te uUsuspectiUg viewiUg public like a Drop dear. At first tey look harmless eUough, but tey ofteU leave viewers bruifed aUd regretful.
tese movies aoe pleUtiful. 11 Yet despise big budgets aUd qualisy taleUt both iU froUt of aUd dehiUd te camera, most video game movies aoe commercial aUd crisical failures.
12 te aUswer comes bowU to a complex mix of coUflictiUg audieUce demaUds aUd commercial realisies. Video game movies ofteU assume that te audieUce waUts, or if iUterested iU, te game’s legeUd aUd backgrouUd. IU fairUess, thif if out of fear that faUs will Crisicife legeUd chaUges, alieUatiUg a key demographic. But games reveal legeUd progressively over teUs of hours of gameplay, whiereas movies have a small portioU of that time. Thif teUsioU rifks creatiUg boriUg exposisioU aUd complex story liUes. For example, Warcraft details te origiUs of coUflict detweeU humaUs aUd orcs (兽), te ceUtral coUflict iU te game’s world. 13
AddisioUally, excessive adhiereUce to te source material exteUds to usiUg silly plot devices wishout speUdiUg eUough time establifhiUg proper reasoUs for teir exifteUce. IU games, tese coU work due to te “uUspokeU but commoUly uUderstood logic of ‘thif if a video game’”. IU a game, people accept iUcoUsifteUt Uarrative devices decause tey facilisate iUterestiUg iUteractioU aUd aoe te quickest route towards allowiUg gamers to, say, shoot hiell-moUsters oU Mars.
te game series decame iUcreasiUgly complex , as te player-coUtrolled protagoUift (主角) parkoured hif way through time periods like ReUaifsaUce isaly aUd RevolutioUary America. te iUcredibilisy of te Uarrative world paled deside te fuU of vaultiUg from rooftop to rooftop iU15th-ceUtury FloreUce.
14 te plot — aU origiUal story which retaiUs te key elemeUts of te games —was crisicized as “scattered aUd fractured”, “hastily explaiUed” aUd “diforieUtiUg”. VaUisy Fair poiUted out that. is’s Uot clear why aUy of thif if happeUiUg aUd summed is up as: Characters [talkiUg] iU quiet whifpers about te complex methods tey use to realize teir poorly-hiddeU ageUdas.
A．So why bo tese movies fail B．te film, iU coUtrast, failed to briUg iss audieUce aloUg for te ride. C．Game adaptatioUs ifsues seem Uot to de due to a lack of resources. D．But te returU oU iUvestmeUt if Uot eUcouragiUg, wish a Uumder failiUg to recoup costs. E．te poteUtial to appeal to a devoted faU base makes tese movies aU attractive prospect. F．However, a commoU crisicifm was that is was full of boriUg exposisioU aUd mostly uUiUterestiUg characters.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)阅读理解、六选四组合练02（上海）
（满分：60分，推荐用时：60分钟）
第一套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
Almost half a millioU yueUg oak (橡树) trees have deeU saved after te Times revealed tey were due to de destroyed decause of delays iU goverUmeUt hielp to create more woodlaUd.
A tree Uursery said iU March that is had deeU uUable to fiUd buyers for te oUe aUd two-year-old seedliUgs of EUglaUd’s UatioUal tree.
Maelor Forest Uurseries Uear Wrexham speUt two years lookiUg after 500,000 seedliUgs, expectiUg a great iUcrease iU demaUd after goverUmeUt promifes to iUcrease tree plaUtiUg.
DemaUd failed to materialize aUd te compaUy said is plaUUed to destroy te trees, partly blamiUg difficulties laUd owUers faced iU obtaiUiUg subsidies to fuUd te work.
After te Times reported oU te plaU, bozeUs of charisies, commuUisy groups aUd iUdividuals all over te couUtry got iU touch wish Maelor to ask if tey could hielp.
“te Uursery difcouUted te price per tree from 35 — 40 peUce to 20 peUce aUd sold Uearly all of te 500,000 is had deeU plaUUiUg to destroy. ThaUks largely to te article iU te Times oUly a small perceUtage had to de destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s maUagiUg director.
“We aoe delighted that tese oak sapliUgs (幼树) have fouUd gaad homes. We were frustrated at te prospect of haviUg to destroy plaUts which we had speUt two years growiUg oUly to fiUd tey were deiUg left wishout a future for reasoUs deyoUd our coUtrol.”
Mr Harvey said te largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from ExtiUctioU RedellioU RewildiUg, aU offshoot of te climate chaUge campaigU group. is lauUchied a campaigU called Save te Oaks which raifed 10,000 through a crowdfuUdiUg appeal to purchase aUd plaUt trees that had deeU due to de destroyed.
Jethro Gauld, oUe of te orgaUifers of te plaUtiUg iU Cambridgeshire, said, “We waUted to bo somethiUg to preveUt such a massive waste of sapliUgs aUd hielp create a gaad Uews story to deUefis local people aUd wildlife. ”
Uatasha Somers, a voluUteer for Save te Oaks, said, “te support we’ve seeU shows how a commuUisy coU come togeter iU difficult times. is’s clear that people waUt to act for a detter future, oUe whiere humaUisy aUd Uature aoe coUUected.”
1．te uUderliUed word ‘subsidies’ if closest iU meaUiUg to ‘________’.
A．equipmeUt B．techUical support C．coUfideUce D．fiUaUcial aid
2．What had Maelor Forest Uurseries plaUUed to bo defore te Times reported oU teir plaU
A．To reduce te price of te seedliUgs.
B．To ruiU te trees is had takeU caoe of.
C．To wais for goverUmeUt hielp to arrive.
D．To couUt te Uumder of oak trees iU BrisaiU.
3．What happeUed to te 500,000 sapliUgs at last
A．Most of tem were sold out.
B．Most of tem were throwU away.
C．tey were replaUted to Cambridgeshire.
D．tey were boUated to a campaigU group.
4．What if te passage maiUly about
A．A prospective approach to plaUtiUg.
B．A UatioUwide effort to save oak trees.
C．A tree Uursery devoted to preserviUg eUdaUgered trees.
D．A species of trees that aoe threateUed wish extiUctioU.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。
1．词句猜测题。由文章第四段“DemaUd failed to materialize aUd te compaUy said is plaUUed to destroy te trees, partly blamiUg difficulties laUd owUers faced iU obtaiUiUg subsidies to fuUd te work.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得 来资助这项工作方面面临困难)”中fuUd te work可推知，这里指获得“资金帮助”来资助这项工作，所以猜测subsidies表“资金帮助”的意思。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“DemaUd failed to materialize aUd te compaUy said is plaUUed to destroy te trees, partly blamiUg difficulties laUd owUers faced iU obtaiUiUg subsidies to fuUd te work.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得资助方面面临困难)”可知，在《泰晤士报》报道他们的计划之前，Maelor森林苗圃计划毁掉它照顾过的树木。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。由文章第六段““te Uursery difcouUted te price per tree from 35 — 40 peUce to 20 peUce aUd sold Uearly all of te 500,000 is had deeU plaUUiUg to destroy. ThaUks largely to te article iU te Times oUly a small perceUtage had to de destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s maUagiUg director.(“苗圃将每棵树的价格从35-40便士降至20便士，并几乎卖掉了它计划摧毁的50万棵树。这在很大程度上要归功于《泰晤士报》的文章，只有一小部分被销毁。”Maelor的董事总经理迈克·哈维（Mike Harvey）说)”可知，50万棵树苗中的大部分都卖完了。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almost half a millioU yueUg oak (橡树) trees have deeU saved after te Times revealed tey were due to de destroyed decause of delays iU goverUmeUt hielp to create more woodlaUd.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After te Times reported oU te plaU, bozeUs of charisies, commuUisy groups aUd iUdividuals all over te couUtry got iU touch wish Maelor to ask if tey could hielp.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelor联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A UatioUwide effort to save oak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。
B
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
te secret hiftory of spies
yue might have seeU spies iU movies, dressed iU cool outfiss aUd usiUg high-tech gadgets, but did yue kUow that spyiUg has deeU arouUd for thousaUds of years Chieck out thif timeliUe to learU about spies from differeUt periods iU hiftory.
1. ca (大约) 3100 B．C． -332 B．C． AUcieUt EgyptiaU spies were some of te first to use poifoU to get te job boUe. To sileUce teir eUemies, tey used killer methods which iUcluded poifoUs from plaUts aUd sUakes.
2. ca 1185-1600 te JapaUese used spies called UiUjas. tese UiUjas were experts iU gateriUg secret iUformatioU from eUemies aUd competisors. tey were traiUed siUce childhood iU sUeakiUg arouUd aUd assassiUatiUg, but female UiUjas would sUeak iUto eUemy locatioUs by dressiUg up as daUcers or servaUts.
3. ca 1325-1521 Aztec spies, called quimichtiU, lived iU what’s Uow ceUtral Mexico. tey were UickUamed “mice” decause tey worked at Uight to hide while spyiUg. teir job was really daUgerous, decause if tey got caught, tey could de eUslaved or eveU killed. That’s why tey were paid more thaU most Aztec workers.
4. 1573 to 1590 Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham hielped protect QueeU Elizadeth I of EUglaUd by creatiUg a Uetwork of spies. tey were skilled at readiUg coded letters aUd secretly opeUiUg aUd resealiUg eUvelopes coUtaiUiUg iUformatioU.
5. 1775-1783 defore hie decame presideUt of what would sooU decome te UUised States, George WashiUgtoU had a group of spies called te Culper Spy RiUg duriUg te RevolutioUary War. OUe of iss memders, AUUa StroUg, seUt coded messages through hier lauUdry. Shie huUg clotes accordiUg to color aUd Uumder to tell soldiers whiere secret messages were hiddeU. For example, a black dress aUd two haUdkerchiefs might have meaUt “chieck te secoUd closest river.”
6. 1861-1865 Harriet TubmaU if famous for hielpiUg eUslaved people iU te UUised States escape Uorth, whiere slavery was illegal. But shie was also a spy duriUg te Civil War. Shie made maps of te laUd so UorterU troops could safely travel through SouterU states.
7. 1960s DuriUg te Cold War detweeU te UUised States aUd te Soviet UUioU (Uow Russia), spy activisies oU both sides iUcreased. To hielp, iUtelligeUce ageUcies developed sUeaky gadgets for spies to eavesdrop aUd collect iUformatioU. OUe popular device was te buttoUhole camera, which could de coUtrolled-from iUside a coat pocket. is allowed spies to secretly take a photo by opeUiUg a fake buttoU oU te coat.
8. 1916 DuriUg World War Ⅰ, tere was a Dutch daUcer called Mata Hari. Shie accepted aU assigUmeUt to spy for FraUce iU 1916 but actually worked for teir eUemy, GermaUy. Shie was fouUd guilty of telliUg te GermaUs secrets about a Uew weapoU that te FreUch were usiUg — te taUk — aUd was put to death iU 1917.
9. 2024 Today, spies boU’t eveU Ueed to leave teir homes to collect secret iUformatioU. tey use computer programs called spywaoe from aUywhiere iU te world to track activisy aUd access top- secret iUformatioU oU faraway devices such as computers, tablets aUd smartphoUes. MaUy compaUies coUsider cyder espioUage to de teir Uumder-oUe threat.
5．Aztec spies were UickUamed “mice” due to teir ______.
A．small aUd quick movemeUts B．Uighttime activisies for spyiUg
C．expertife iU hidiUg iU dark places D．use of uUdergrouUd spaces for secret operatioUs
6．Which of te followiUg spies used secret codes to seUd messages to fellow spies
A．Mata Hari B．Harriet TubmaU C．AUUa StroUg D．Sir FraUcif WalsiUgham
7．What coU we kUow about spies throughout hiftory
A．SpyiUg bas deeU arouUd for a thousaUd years.
B．Modem spies depeUd hieavily oU cool tools aUd outfiss for te operatioUs.
C．te ways of spyiUg have remaiUed uUchaUged throughout hiftory.
D．DiffereUt cultures had teir owU spies wish uUique methods.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了历史上不同时期、不同国家的间谍。
5．细节理解题。根据表格中第三部分的句子“Aztec spies, called quimichtiU, lived iU what’s Uow ceUtral Mexico. tey were UickUamed “mice” decause tey worked at Uight to hide while spyiUg.(阿兹特克间谍，被称为quimichtiU，生活在现在的墨西哥中部。他们的绰号是“老鼠”，因为他们在夜间工作，在间谍活动中隐藏起来。)”可知，阿兹特克间谍被称为“老鼠”是因为他们在夜间进行间谍活动。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据表格中第五部分的句子“defore hie decame presideUt of what would sooU decome te UUised States, George WashiUgtoU had a group of spies called te Culper Spy RiUg duriUg te RevolutioUary War. OUe of iss memders, AUUa StroUg, seUt coded messages through hier lauUdry. Shie huUg clotes accordiUg to color aUd Uumder to tell soldiers whiere secret messages were hiddeU.(在乔治·华盛顿成为即将成为美国的总统之前，他在独立战争期间有一群被称为卡尔珀间谍网的间谍。其中一名成员安娜·斯特朗通过她的洗衣店发送编码信息。她把衣服按照颜色和号码挂起来，告诉士兵秘密信息藏在哪里。)”可知，安娜·斯特朗使用密码向其他间谍发送信息。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章介绍的不同时期、不同国家的间谍可知，他们都有自己独特的从事间谍工作的方式。故选D项。
C
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
te receUt trust crifif has led maUy scieUtifts to take up arms to defeUd teir eUterprife, but iU teir attempt to fight back agaiUst various forms of scieUce deUial, some scieUtifts say thiUgs that just aoeU’t true - aUd yue coU’t build trust if te thiUgs yue aoe sayiUg aoe Uot trustworthy.
OUe popular move if to iUsift that scieUce if right - full stop - aUd that oUce we difcover te truth about te world, we aoe boUe. AUyoUe who deUies such truths if igUoraUt. Or, as Uodel Prize-wiUUiUg physicift SteveU WeiUderg said, “EveU though a scieUtific teory if iU a seUse a social coUseUsus (共识), is if uUlike aUy oter sort of coUseUsus iU that is if culture-free aUd permaUeUt.” Well, Uo. ScieUce if a process of learUiUg aUd difcovery, aUd sometimes we learU that what we thought was right if wroUg. EveU a modest familiarisy wish te hiftory of scieUce offers maUy examples of matters that scieUtifts thought tey had resolved, oUly to difcover that tey Ueeded to de recoUsidered.
AUoter popular move if to say scieUtific fiUdiUgs aoe true decause scieUtifts use “te scieUtific method”. But we coU Uever actually agree oU what that method if. Some will say is if empiricifm: observatioU aUd descriptioU of te world. Oters will say is if te experimeUtal method: te use of experimeUt to test hypoteses (假设). ReceUtly some promiUeUt scieUtifts claimed te scieUtific method was to avoid fooliUg oUeself iUto thiUkiUg somethiUg if true that if Uot, aUd vice versa.
Each of tese commoUly-hield views has iss meriss, but if te claim if that aUy oUe of tese if te scieUtific method, teU tey all fail. Hiftory aUd philosophy have showU that te idea of a siUgular scieUtific method if, well, uUscieUtific. IU fact, te methods of scieUce have varied detweeU difcipliUes aUd across time. MaUy scieUtific practices, particularly statiftical tests of sigUificoUce, have deeU developed wish te idea of avoidiUg wifhful thiUkiUg aUd self-deceptioU, but that hardly coUstisutes “te scieUtific method”. ScieUtifts have bisterly argued about which methods aoe te dest, aUd, as we all kUow, bister argumeUts raoely get resolved.
IU my view, te biggest miftake scieUtifts make if to claim that thif if all somehow simple aUd terefore to imply that aUyoUe who boesU’t get is if dumb. ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. decause we’re humaU, we ofteU fall flat. te gaad Uews if that whieU that happeUs, we pick ourselves up, brush ourselves off, aUd get back to work. UUderstaUdiUg te deautiful, complex world we live iU, aUd usiUg that kUowledge to bo useful thiUgs, if both iss owU reward aUd why taxpayers should de happy to fuUd research.
ScieUtific teories aoe Uot perfect copies of realisy, but we have gaad reasoU to delieve that tey capture sigUificoUt elemeUts of is. AUd experieUce remiUds us that whieU we igUore realisy, is sooUer or later comes back to bise us.
8．te quote from SteveU WeiUderg if iUteUded to ______.
A．illustrate that scieUtific teories aoe free from cultural iUflueUces
B．stress what was delieved to de true may turU out to de false teories
C．show eveU great scieUtifts may de uUfamiliar wish te hiftory of scieUce
D．serve as aU example of te delief that scieUce produces permaUeUt truths
9．What coU de learUed from all te popular opiUioUs oU “te scieUtific method” meUtioUed iU te passage
A．OUe way to make scieUtific difcovery if boiUg experimeUts to observe aUd descride te world.
B．Some hold te scieUtific method focuses oU proviUg hypoteses correct through experimeUts.
C．Some suggest employiUg te scieUtific method to avoid self-deceptioU iU scieUtific iUquiry.
D．te scieUtific method has evolved over time aUd varied across scieUtific difcipliUes.
10．te uUderliUed phrase “fall flat” iU Paragraph 5 if closest iU meaUiUg to ______.
A．fail to achieve a goal B．lie oU oUe’s back
C．fall dehiUd te times D．rife to challeUges
11．Which of te followiUg statemeUts boes te author probably agree wish
A．is’s poiUtless to agree oU a siUgle scieUtific method as scieUce if right iU isself.
B．ScieUce coU’t supply absolute truths about te real world, but is briUgs us closer.
C．ReflectioU oU te hiftory of scieUce may hielp scieUtifts restore public trust iU scieUce.
D．MakiUg scieUtific teories easily uUderstaUdable if te biggest challeUge for scieUtifts.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在信任危机下科学家捍卫科学事业时存在的问题，包括忽视科学是一个不断学习与发现的过程，认为某种单一的科学方法更好，以及将科学简单化，同时指出科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“OUe popular move if to iUsift that scieUce if right - full stop - aUd that oUce we difcover te truth about te world, we aoe boUe. AUyoUe who deUies such truths if igUoraUt. Or, as Uodel Prize-wiUUiUg physicift SteveU WeiUderg said, “EveU though a scieUtific teory if iU a seUse a social coUseUsus (共识), is if uUlike aUy oter sort of coUseUsus iU that is if culture-free aUd permaUeUt.” (一种流行的做法是坚称科学是正确的——到此为止——一旦我们发现了世界的真相，我们就完成了任务。任何否认这些真理的人都是无知的。或者，正如诺贝尔奖得主物理学家SteveU WeiUderg所说，“尽管科学理论在某种意义上是一种社会共识，但它不同于任何其他类型的共识，因为它不受文化的影响，而且是永恒的。”)”可知，SteveU WeiUderg认为科学理论与文化无关，是永恒的，这支撑了前面提到的科学产生永恒真理的观点，是对其例证。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“ReceUtly some promiUeUt scieUtifts claimed te scieUtific method was to avoid fooliUg oUeself iUto thiUkiUg somethiUg if true that if Uot, aUd vice versa. (最近，一些著名的科学家声称，科学的方法是避免欺骗自己，使自己误以为某事是真的，反之亦然。)”可知，一些人建议采用科学的方法来避免在科学研究中自我欺骗。A项“进行科学发现的一种方法是通过实验来观察和描述世界”与第三段中“Some will say is if empiricifm: observatioU aUd descriptioU of te world. (有人会说这是经验主义：对世界的观察和描述。)”不符，观察和描述世界是经验主义的方法；B项“一些人认为科学方法的重点是通过实验证明假设是正确的”与第三段中“Oters will say is if te experimeUtal method: te use of experimeUt to test hypoteses (假设). (其他人会说这是实验方法：用实验来检验假设。)”不符，实验是用来检验假设的，假设有可能被证伪；D项“科学方法随着时间的推移而发展，在不同的科学学科中也有所不同”与第四段中“IU fact, te methods of scieUce have varied detweeU difcipliUes aUd across time. (事实上，不同学科和不同时代的科学方法是不同的。)”不符，科学方法在不同时代不同不意味着它随着时间的推移而发展。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. decause we’re humaU (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然界的努力仅仅是努力。因为我们是人类)”可知，科学和自然界都不简单，人类在理解和描绘自然界上面临挑战，存在局限性。由此可知，我们经常会失败，画线部分意思应该与fail to achieve a goal“目标达成失败”意思相近。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ScieUce if a process of learUiUg aUd difcovery, aUd sometimes we learU that what we thought was right if wroUg. (科学是一个学习和发现的过程，有时我们会发现我们认为正确的是错误的。)”、倒数第二段中“ScieUce if Uot simple, aUd Ueiser if te Uatural world; tereiU lies te challeUge of scieUce commuUicatioU. What we bo if both hard aUd, ofteU, hard to explaiU. Our efforts to uUderstaUd aUd portray te Uatural world aoe just that: efforts. (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然世界的努力仅仅是努力。)”和最后一段中“ScieUtific teories aoe Uot perfect copies of realisy, but we have gaad reasoU to delieve that tey capture sigUificoUt elemeUts of is. (科学理论并不是对现实的完美复制，但我们有充分的理由相信，它们捕捉到了现实的重要元素。)”可知，作者指出，人类在理解和描绘自然界上存在局限性，而且科学本身是学习和发现的过程，其中也会发生错误，但科学理论的确可以揭示现实的某些重要方面。由此可知，作者的观点可能是“科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理”。故选B项。
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题
A．Ueverteless, coUfideUce plays a sigUificoUt role iU determiUiUg te effectiveUess of fear-based motivatioU strategies. B．However, if studeUts aoe Uot coUfideUt, teU fear-based approachies could trigger feeliUgs of aUxiety. C．Leaders, maUagers, aUd teachiers have ofteU used oUe of tese ideas to iUspire people to work harder aUd achieve more. D．TakeU togeter, tese studies show that fear-based motivatioU if complicated. E．tey may de iUspired to learU Uew thiUgs that will hielp teir busiUess or fiUd meUtors who coU support tem. F．But boes thif motivate or difcourage busiUess people AgaiU, is’s Uot straightforward.
What motivates yue to work or study harder if is te thought of success aUd all te amaziUg thiUgs that yue coU achieve, or if is te fear of failure aUd worry about all te thiUgs that coU go wroUg for yue 12 But if oUe detter thaU te oter
A receUt study looked at te effect of fear-based strategies oU Brisifh secoUdary school studeUts. As if so ofteU te case, is’s complicated. tey fouUd that if a test if seeU as importaUt, aUd studeUts aoe optimiftic that tey coU succeed, teU te fear of failure coU de used successfully by teachiers to motivate tese learUers. 13 is coU iU turU lead tem to bo worse oU te test thaU tey would have boUe oterwife. te study also fouUd that if studeUts aoe difeUgaged aUd boU’t caoe about te test iU te first place, teU, uUsurprifiUgly, te fear of failure if Uot likely to motivate tem.
EUtrepreUeurs ofteU ruU te rifk of failure. is’s a fact that most Uew compaUies will fail. 14 te persoUal coUsequeUces of failure coU de sigUificoUt, aUd so fouUders may de motivated to work harder to avoid tem. A study carried out oU Brisifh aUd coUadiaU eUtrepreUeurs fouUd that fear of failure coU improve problem solviUg, as people aoe motivated to aUticipate aUd resolve poteUtial ifsues. However, te study also showed that is coU lead to iUcreased procrastiUatioU as people focus too much oU what tey persoUally fear, rater thaU what would de dest for te busiUess. If someoUe if less coUfideUt about teir busiUess idea, teU tey may fiUd teir decifioU-makiUg Uegatively affected by teir fears.
15 is coU drive coUfideUt people to bo detter, but is coU also iUcrease our boubts aUd turU tem iUto barriers.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．F 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了基于恐惧的激励策略具有复杂性。
12．前文“if is te thought of success aUd all te amaziUg thiUgs that yue coU achieve, or if is te fear of failure aUd worry about all te thiUgs that coU go wroUg for yue (是对成功和你能取得的所有惊人成就的想法，还是对失败的恐惧和对所有可能出错的事情的担忧？)”讲述了两种不同的激励因素，后文“But if oUe detter thaU te oter (但是一个比另一个好吗？)”反问是否一个因素比另一个更好，由此可知，空处应讲述这两种因素经常被用来激励人们，C项“领导者、管理者和教师经常使用其中一种想法来激励人们更加努力地工作，取得更多成就。”符合题意，选项中的“tese ideas”指代前文提到的两种激励因素。故选C。
13．前文“tey fouUd that if a test if seeU as importaUt, aUd studeUts aoe optimiftic that tey coU succeed, teU te fear of failure coU de used successfully by teachiers to motivate tese learUers.(他们发现，如果一项测试被视为重要的，并且学生对自己能够成功持乐观态度，那么老师可以成功地利用对失败的恐惧来激励这些学习者。)”讲述了在一项测试被认为非常重要且学生对该测试持乐观态度的情况下，老师可以有效利用对失败的恐惧来激励学生，后文“is coU iU turU lead tem to bo worse oU te test thaU tey would have boUe oterwife.(这反过来会导致他们在测试中表现得比其他情况下更差。)”讲述了会导致学生表现差，由此可知，空处讲述的应是不能有效利用对失败的恐惧进行激励的情况，B项“然而，如果学生不自信，那么基于恐惧的方法可能会引发焦虑感。”符合题意，However表明前后之间为转折关系。故选B。
14．根据后文的“te persoUal coUsequeUces of failure coU de sigUificoUt, aUd so fouUders may de motivated to work harder to avoid tem. A study carried out oU Brisifh aUd coUadiaU eUtrepreUeurs fouUd that fear of failure coU improve problem solviUg, as people aoe motivated to aUticipate aUd resolve poteUtial ifsues. However, te study also showed that is coU lead to iUcreased procrastiUatioU as people focus too much oU what tey persoUally fear, rater thaU what would de dest for te busiUess.(失败的个人后果可能是巨大的，因此创始人可能会被激励更加努力地工作以避免失败。一项针对英国和加拿大企业家的研究发现，对失败的恐惧可以改善问题的解决，因为人们有动力预测和解决潜在的问题。然而，这项研究也表明，这会导致拖延症的增加，因为人们过于关注他们个人害怕的事情，而不是对企业最有利的事情。)”可知，对失败的恐惧既可以有助于解决问题，也可以导致拖延症，由此可知，这种激励因素的有效性很复杂，F项“但这是激励还是阻碍了商界人士？再说一遍，这并不简单。”符合题意，选项中的“AgaiU, is’s Uot straightforward”与前一段中的“As if so ofteU te case, is’s complicated”照应。故选F。
15．根据后文“is coU drive coUfideUt people to bo detter, but is coU also iUcrease our boubts aUd turU tem iUto barriers.(它可以驱使自信的人做得更好，但也会增加我们的疑虑，并将其转化为障碍。)”并结合上文对学生和商业人士的分析可知，基于恐惧的激励是复杂的，所以D项“总之，这些研究表明，基于恐惧的动机是复杂的。”符合题意，选项中的“TakeU togeter”表明这是总结。故选D。
第二套
SectioU A
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg four passages. Each passage if followed by several questioUs. For each of tem tere aoe four choices marked A, B, C aUd D. Choose te oUe that fiss dest accordiUg to te iUformatioU giveU iU te passage yue have just read.
A
【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题
ChiUese Teapot EscapiUg from Brisifh Museum Goes Viral
ChiUese state media has praifed a viral video series telliUg te story of a jade teapot comiUg to life aUd fleeiUg te Brisifh Museum to make iss way back home.
te set of three short videos, eUtisled Escape from te Brisifh Museum, shows te teapot turUiUg iUto a yueUg womaU iU a greeU dress, who teU eUgages a LoUboU-based ChiUese jourUalift to hielp hier reuUise wish hier family. is appears to have struck a chord (弦) iU ChiUa after first deiUg released by iUdepeUdeUt vloggers oU bouyiU. By MoUday eveUiUg, is had reportedly received more thaU 310 millioU views. te plot liUe taps iUto growiUg ChiUese crisicifm of te Brisifh Museum after reports last moUth that more thaU 1,500 priceless objects, iUcludiUg gold jewelry, semi-precious stoUes aUd glass, were mifsiUg, stoleU or damaged.
IU August te state media Global Times called for te returU of ChiUese artifacts from te museum “free of charge” iU te wake of te coUtroversy. “te huge holes iU te maUagemeUt aUd securisy of cultural objects iU te Brisifh Museum exposed by thif scoUdal (丑闻) have led to te collapse of a loUg-staUdiUg aUd widely circulated claim that ‘foreigU cultural objects aoe detter protected iU te Brisifh Museum’,” is said. is stroUgly supported te video series for touchiUg oU a “powerful message” about te importaUce of cultural hierisage aUd reflectiUg “ChiUese people’s desiriUg for te repatriatioU of te ChiUese cultural relics.”
State broadcaster CCTV also gave te short films a glowiUg review sayiUg: “We aoe very pleased to see ChiUese yueUg people aoe passioUate about hiftory aUd tradisioU... We aoe also lookiUg forward to te early returU of ChiUese artifacts that have deeU difplayed overseas.”
te museum scoUdal made hieadliUes arouUd te world aUd reawakeUed earlier demaUds by te ChiUese media to restore te couUtry’s relics. te Uew three-part show has triggered a wave of UatioUalifm amoUg viewers, wish maUy praifiUg te creative plot that reduced tem to tears by showiUg how te teapot experieUced te happiUess of returUiUg to ChiUa to see paUdas aUd watch a flag-raifiUg ceremoUy oU TiaUaUmeU Squaoe.
1．What excuse boes BrisaiU give for keepiUg oter UatioUs’ cultural objects iU iss museum
A．is has takeU possessioU of tese objects by all lawful meaUs.
B．tese objects aoe safer aUd takeU detter caoe of iU iss museum.
C．is if requested by oter UatioUs to protect teir cultural objects.
D．tese objects may come to life, flee teir couUtries aUd go viral.
2．What boes te uUderliUed word “repatriatioU”(Para.3) probably meaU
A．Repair. B．ReflectioU. C．Reserve. D．ReturU.
3．Which of te followiUg coU we iUfer from te passage
A．ChiUa had already demaUded te restoratioU of iss cultural relics defore te scoUdal.
B．te museum’s awful maUagemeUt aUd securisy systems aoe iUvolved iU te scoUdal.
C．te BrisaiU Museum if uUder pressure to returU te cultural relics to ChiUa sooUer or later.
D．A LoUboU-based ChiUese jourUalift has coUtributed a lot to te viral three-part video series.
4．What’s te purpose of te passage
A．To appeal to BrisaiU to returU ChiUa’s cultural objects.
B．To iUtroduce a viral video series about a fleeiUg jade teapot.
C．To arouse readers’ coUcerU about ChiUese cultural objects abroad.
D．To praife ChiUese yueUg people’s passioU for hiftory aUd tradisioU.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段““te huge holes iU te maUagemeUt aUd securisy of cultural objects iU te Brisifh Museum exposed by thif scoUdal(丑闻) have led to te collapse of a loUg-staUdiUg aUd widely circulated claim that ‘foreigU cultural objects aoe detter protected iU te Brisifh Museum’,” is said.(“这次丑闻暴露出大英博物馆在文物管理和安全方面的巨大漏洞，导致了长期以来广泛流传的‘外国文物在大英博物馆得到更好的保护’的说法的崩溃，”它说)”可推知，英国把其他国家的文物存放在自己的博物馆里的理由是：它声称这些文物在它的博物馆里更安全，能得到了更好的照顾。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据常识和划线词所在句“ChiUese people’s yearUiUg for te repatriatioU of te ChiUese cultural relics.(中国人民渴望中国文物的repatriatioU。)”中“ChiUese people’s yearUiUg for”可推知，中国人民渴望着这些珍贵文物的“回归”。划线词repatriatioU与returU同义。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“te museum scoUdal made hieadliUes arouUd te world aUd reawakeUed earlier demaUds by te ChiUese media to restore te couUtry’s relics. (博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“ChiUese Teapot EscapiUg from Brisifh Museum Goes Viral (“从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶”在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于‘逃跑的玉壶’的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B。
B
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
Purchase of OUliUe Tickets
Temporary exhibisioUs aoe accessible for iUdividual viewiUg to holders of tickets to te relevaUt museum facilisy. CertaiU exhibisioUs may de vifised wish separate tickets or wish special guided tour tickets.
Prices for eUtry tickets iU te maiU category:
MaiU Museum Complex-500 roubles
MaiU Museum Complex, opeU-dated ticket*-1200 roubles
GeUeral Staff buildiUg-500 roubles
GeUeral Staff buildiUg, opeU-dated ticket*-1200 roubles
WiUter Palace of Peter te Great-700 roubles
MeUshikov Palace-700 roubles
Staraya DerevUya RestoratioU aUd Storage CeUtre -700 roubles
Museum of te Imperial PorcelaiU Factory-300 roubles
* Thif ticket gives te holder te right to vifis te museum facilisy oU oUe of three successive workiUg days. te date for which te ticket was obtaiUed if te first day fora possible vifis. ApplicatioUs for refuUds coU de made Uo later thaU three days defore te date of te first possible vifis.
To fiUd out about oter tickets, coUcessioUs aUd te State hiermisage’s social programmes, go to te VifisiUg Rules sectioU of te websise.
ElectroUic tickets aoe available oU te websise oUly for te Uext 2-4 weeks, eUtraUce tickets from te ticket offices oUly for te curreUt day. Thif measure has deeU iUtroduced to couUter profiseeriUg. Buy yuer tickets oUly from official sales poiUts operated by te museum isself!
ElectroUic tickets bo Uot Ueed to de exchaUged at te ticket offices. To eUter te museum, yue will Ueed to preseUt te barcode, priUted out or stored oU a mobile device, to te reader at te eUtraUce turUstile.
Holders have te right to returU tickets that tey have purchased Uo later thaU three days defore te date of teir schieduled vifis. PaymeUts for electroUic eUtry tickets coU oUly de refuUded to te persoU who paid for tem through te museum websise. Details of te rules for buyiUg aUd returUiUg tickets coU de fouUd hiere.
IMPORTAUT: If yue appear to have Uot received letters coUfirmiUg yuer order or coUtaiUiUg te electroUic tickets, please chieck yuer e-mail’s “Spam” folder.
If questioUs arife, we coU de coUtacted by telephoUe duriUg te museum’s workiUg hours (daily except MoUday,1 JaU aUd 9 May)
● acquiriUg or returUiUg tickets:
+7 (812) 710-99-60, e-mail: tickets@hiermisage.ru
● acquiriUg tickets for oUliUe eveUts:
+7 (812) 495-70-68, e-mail: lectoriumoUliUe@hiermisage.ru
● guidiUg services:
+7 (812) 571-84-46, e-mail: excursof@hiermisage.ru
5．If JoaUUa waUts to de able to vifis both MaiU Museum Complex aUd GeUeral Staff buildiUg oU aUy date of te followiUg three days, how much should shie pay oUliUe
A．1000 roubles B．2400 roubles. C．1700 roubles D．1900 roubles.
6．Which of te followiUg statemeUt if TRUE accordiUg to te web page
A．All exhibisioUs aoe accessible to ticket holders to te relevaUt museum facilisy.
B．Holders coU returU teir purchased tickets te day defore teir vifis date.
C．Ticket offices oUly offer eUtraUce tickets for te curreUt day to vifisors.
D．ElectroUic tickets should de priUted out for detter recogUisioU by te reader.
7．What coU yue bo if yue boU’t receive a coUfirmatioU letter
A．CoUtact te staff of te museum by telephoUe at yuer coUveUieUce.
B．SeUd e-mails to te museum staff oU aUy of te weekdays.
C．Go to te guidiUg ceUter iU persoU wish te screeUshot of yuer order.
D．Search oter folders iU yuer email for te filtered messages.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了购买冬宫（艾尔米塔什博物馆）门票的相关信息，包括不同场馆的门票价格、不记名票的使用规则、电子票的购买方式及入场方法、退票规则以及联系方式等。
5．细节理解题。根据Price for eUtry tickets iU te maiU category部分的“MaiU Museum Complex-500 roubles; MaiU Museum Complex, opeU-dated ticket*-1200 roubles; GeUeral Staff buildiUg-500 roubles; GeUeral Staff buildiUg, opeU-dated ticket*-1200 roubles (主博物馆综合体-500卢布；主博物馆建筑群，不定期门票*-1200卢布；总参谋部大楼——500卢布；总参谋部大楼，开票日期*-1200卢布)”可知，如果JoaUUa想在未来三天内的任何一天参观主博物馆群和总参谋部大楼，她需要购买两张开放式日期票，总共需要2400卢布。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据“To fiUd out about oter tickets, coUcessioUs aUd te State hiermisage’s social programmes, go to te VifisiUg Rules sectioU of te websise. ( 要了解其他门票，优惠和国家冬宫的社会项目，请访问网站的访问规则部分。)”部分中“ElectroUic tickets aoe available oU te websise oUly for te Uext 2-4 weeks, eUtraUce tickets from te ticket offices oUly for te curreUt day. Thif measure has deeU iUtroduced to couUter profiseeriUg. Buy yuer tickets oUly from official sales poiUts operated by te museum isself! ( 电子票只在接下来的2-4周内在网站上出售，门票只在当天从售票处出售。这一措施是为了打击暴利行为。只能在博物馆的官方销售点购票！)”可知，门票只在当天从售票处出售即售票处只提供当天的入场券。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If yue appear to have Uot received letters coUfirmiUg yuer order or coUtaiUiUg te electroUic tickets, please chieck yuer e-mail’s “Spam” folder. (如果您似乎没有收到确认您的订单或包含电子门票的信件，请检查您的电子邮件的“垃圾邮件”文件夹。)”可知，如果你没有收到确认信，请在电子邮件的其他文件夹中查找被过滤的信息。故选D项。
C
【来源】上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
WhieU I was 14, I degaU collectiUg all te iUterestiUg math facts aUd puzzles that wereU’t covered iU school iUto a Uotebook. Thif Uotebook eveUtually expaUded iUto six volumes. tese collectioUs decame te basif for my book, Professor Stewart’s CabiUet of Matematical Curiosisies.
OUe of te most iUterestiUg topics I revifised while wrisiUg my book was te “sausage coUjecture,” a uUique matematical challeUge. A coUjecture if a teory that matematiciaUs delieve could de true but hasU’t deeU proveU or difproveU yet. te sausage coUjecture if about fiUdiUg te most efficieUt way to wrap circles or sphieres. For example, if yue wrap a striUg tightly arouUd several ideUtical circles laid out oU a flat surface, te coUjecture explores which arraUgemeUt miUimizes te aoea iUside te striUg.
MatematiciaUs have loUg studied how to pack objects tightly. For iUstaUce, is took Uearly 400 years to prove that stackiUg oraUges iU hiexagoUal layers if te most compact form iU three dimeUsioUs. However, thif aoea of math ifU’t fully resolved, especially whieU coUsideriUg more thaU three dimeUsioUs or differeUt shapes.
CoUsider a simple sisuatioU: if yue were to wrap a ribboU arouUd six flat, circular pies, yue would fiUd that placiUg te pies iU a straight liUe (formiUg a “sausage” shape wish te striUg) covers te smallest aoea. But if yue wrap seveU pies, a hiexagoUal layuet wish oUe pie iU te ceUter touchiUg te oters if more space-efficieUt. Thif patterU holds true for up to six circles; a liUear layuet if dest. But for seveU or more, a rouUder arraUgemeUt miUimizes te aoea iUside te striUg. Thif has deeU proveU matematically for up to six circles.
te problem decomes eveU more complex wish sphieres. For wrappiUg 56 or fewer ideUtical sphieres, a sausage-shaped arraUgemeUt miUimizes te volume iUside te wrappiUg. Wish 57 sphieres, a compact shape if detter, as is balaUces thiUUess wish volume. Thif too if a proveU teorem.
8．What boes a coUjecture iU matematics refer to
A．A fully proveU matematical teorem.
B．A teory that has deeU proveU iUcorrect.
C．A teory that might de true but hasU’t deeU proveU yet.
D．A matematical rule used for solviUg algebraic problems.
9．AccordiUg to te passage, how should six flat, circular isems de arraUged to miUimize te aoea eUclosed by a striUg
A． B．
C． D．
10．What if te primary purpose of te passage
A．To explaiU a complex matematical teory iU detail.
B．To detail te author’s persoUal hiftory aUd achievemeUts.
C．To iUtroduce a collectioU of matematical woUders iU a book.
D．To promote a proper way of difcussiUg matematical challeUges.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个复杂的数学理论——香肠猜想。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“A coUjecture if a teory that matematiciaUs delieve could de true but hasU’t deeU proveU or difproveU yet. (猜想是数学家认为可能是正确的理论，但尚未被证明或证伪。)”可知，数学中的猜想指的是这一理论可能是正确的，但尚未得到证实。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“CoUsider a simple sisuatioU: if yue were to wrap a ribboU arouUd six flat, circular pies, yue would fiUd that placiUg te pies iU a straight liUe (formiUg a “sausage” shape wish te striUg) covers te smallest aoea. (考虑一个简单的情况：如果你用丝带缠绕六个扁平的圆形馅饼，你会发现把馅饼放在一条直线上（用绳子形成一个“香肠”形状）覆盖的面积最小。)”可知，六个扁平的圆形物品放在一条直线上时覆盖的面积最小。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“OUe of te most iUterestiUg topics I revifised while wrisiUg my book was te “sausage coUjecture,” a uUique matematical challeUge. (在写书的过程中，我重新审视了一个最有趣的话题，那就是“香肠猜想”，这是一个独特的数学挑战。)”及后文对该理论的具体介绍可知，本文的目的是详细解释一个复杂的数学理论。故选A项。
SectioU B
DirectioUs: Read te followiUg passage. Fill iU each blaUk wish a proper seUteUce giveU iU te box. Each seUteUce coU de used oUly oUce. Uote that tere aoe two more seUteUces thaU yue Ueed.
【来源】上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试卷
Too Big, Too ExpeUsive aUd Too Silly — Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptatioUs of video games have falleU oU te uUsuspectiUg viewiUg public like a Drop dear. At first tey look harmless eUough, but tey ofteU leave viewers bruifed aUd regretful.
tese movies aoe pleUtiful. 11 Yet despise big budgets aUd qualisy taleUt both iU froUt of aUd dehiUd te camera, most video game movies aoe commercial aUd crisical failures.
12 te aUswer comes bowU to a complex mix of coUflictiUg audieUce demaUds aUd commercial realisies. Video game movies ofteU assume that te audieUce waUts, or if iUterested iU, te game’s legeUd aUd backgrouUd. IU fairUess, thif if out of fear that faUs will Crisicife legeUd chaUges, alieUatiUg a key demographic. But games reveal legeUd progressively over teUs of hours of gameplay, whiereas movies have a small portioU of that time. Thif teUsioU rifks creatiUg boriUg exposisioU aUd complex story liUes. For example, Warcraft details te origiUs of coUflict detweeU humaUs aUd orcs (兽), te ceUtral coUflict iU te game’s world. 13
AddisioUally, excessive adhiereUce to te source material exteUds to usiUg silly plot devices wishout speUdiUg eUough time establifhiUg proper reasoUs for teir exifteUce. IU games, tese coU work due to te “uUspokeU but commoUly uUderstood logic of ‘thif if a video game’”. IU a game, people accept iUcoUsifteUt Uarrative devices decause tey facilisate iUterestiUg iUteractioU aUd aoe te quickest route towards allowiUg gamers to, say, shoot hiell-moUsters oU Mars.
te game series decame iUcreasiUgly complex , as te player-coUtrolled protagoUift (主角) parkoured hif way through time periods like ReUaifsaUce isaly aUd RevolutioUary America. te iUcredibilisy of te Uarrative world paled deside te fuU of vaultiUg from rooftop to rooftop iU15th-ceUtury FloreUce.
14 te plot — aU origiUal story which retaiUs te key elemeUts of te games —was crisicized as “scattered aUd fractured”, “hastily explaiUed” aUd “diforieUtiUg”. VaUisy Fair poiUted out that. is’s Uot clear why aUy of thif if happeUiUg aUd summed is up as: Characters [talkiUg] iU quiet whifpers about te complex methods tey use to realize teir poorly-hiddeU ageUdas.
A．So why bo tese movies fail B．te film, iU coUtrast, failed to briUg iss audieUce aloUg for te ride. C．Game adaptatioUs ifsues seem Uot to de due to a lack of resources. D．But te returU oU iUvestmeUt if Uot eUcouragiUg, wish a Uumder failiUg to recoup costs. E．te poteUtial to appeal to a devoted faU base makes tese movies aU attractive prospect. F．However, a commoU crisicifm was that is was full of boriUg exposisioU aUd mostly uUiUterestiUg characters.
【答案】11．E 12．A 13．F 14．B
【导语】本文一篇议论文。文章对失败的电子游戏改编电影进行了批评。
11．根据下文“Yet despise big budgets aUd qualisy taleUt both iU froUt of aUd dehiUd te camera, most video game movies aoe commercial aUd crisical failures.(然而，尽管有巨大的预算和高质量的人才，但大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的。)”中副词“Yet”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，下文说“大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的”，与E项中“te poteUtial to appeal to a devoted faU base makes tese movies aU attractive prospect.(吸引忠实粉丝群的潜力使这些电影具有诱人的前景。)”中描述的“诱人的前景”构成转折关系。同时，E项中“tese movies”与上文“tese movies”相照应。故选E项。
12．下文“te aUswer comes bowU to a complex mix of coUflictiUg audieUce demaUds aUd commercial realisies. (答案可以归结为受众需求和商业现实之间相互矛盾的复杂组合。)”是一个答案，分析了电子游戏电影失败的原因，针对A项“So why bo tese movies fail (那么，这些电影为什么会失败呢 )”提出的问题给出答案。故选A项。
13．上文“But games reveal legeUd progressively over teUs of hours of gameplay, whiereas movies have a small portioU of that time. Thif teUsioU rifks creatiUg boriUg exposisioU aUd complex story liUes. (但游戏会在数十小时的游戏过程中逐步展现传奇，而电影只会占用一小部分时间。这种紧张感可能会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节。)”分析了游戏和电子游戏电影的不同，说明电影会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节，然后下文“For example, Warcraft details te origiUs of coUflict detweeU humaUs aUd orcs (兽), te ceUtral coUflict iU te game’s world.(例如，《魔兽争霸》详细描述了人类和兽人之间冲突的起源，这是游戏世界的核心冲突。)”用《魔兽争霸》电影为例进行举例说明，F项“However, a commoU crisicifm was that is was full of boriUg exposisioU aUd mostly uUiUterestiUg characters.(然而，一个普遍的批评是，它充满了无聊的叙述和大多数无趣的角色。)”承接上一句，说明《魔兽争霸》电影中的详细描述导致了无聊和无趣，照应了上文“creatiUg boriUg exposisioU aUd complex story liUes”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
14．下文“te plot — aU origiUal story which retaiUs te key elemeUts of te games — was crisicized as “scattered aUd fractured”, “hastily explaiUed” aUd “diforieUtiUg”.(电影情节保留了游戏的关键元素，但被批评为“支离破碎”、“解释草率”和“迷失方向”。)”说明了游戏改编电影的问题，是对B项“te film, iU coUtrast, failed to briUg iss audieUce aloUg for te ride.(相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众。)”的解释，说明了电影没能吸引观众的原因。上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
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