话题25 社会进步与人类文明-2025年高考英语一轮话题复习 课件

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话题25 社会进步与人类文明
2025年高考英语一轮话题复习
Warm Up
My lifelong pursuit is to keep all the
people away from hunger.
——Yuan Longping
话题与教材 教学重难点 人教选必一U2,U5；外研选必二U3,选必三U4；北师大选必四U12 核心词汇突破 arise，advance，signal，occur，mercy，operate
续写提分素材 臀部和肩部动作
Teaching Guide
话题词汇梳理
1.arise vi.(arose,arisen)　　　　 　
2.　　　　　n.十年,十年期
3.　　　　　　vt.下载　n.下载
4.era n.　　 　　　
5.fabric n.　　 　　 　
6.government n.　　 　　　
7.mathematics (math/maths)n.　　　　
8.network n.　　　　 　　　vt.将……连接成网络 　vi.建立工作关系
9.occur vi.　　　　　
10.　　　　　　adj.有机的,绿色的;有机物的
(问题或困难)出现,发生;(由……)引起;起床,起立
decade
download
时代,年代
织物,布料;结构
政府,内阁;（社会、机构等的）结构
数学
(互联)网络;网状系统;人际网
发生,出现
organic
11.　　　　adj.可靠的;固体的;结实的　n.固体;立体图形
12.tablet n.　　　　 　
13.pop up　　　　 　
14.advance n.进步,进展;前进,推进　　　　　　　　adj.先进的;高级的;晚期的　搭配in advance (of sth.)　 　　　　　
15.　　　　　　n.农业,农学,农艺　 　　　　　　adj.农业的
16.civil adj.公民的,国民的;民用的;民事的　 　　　 　　　n.文明;文明世界
civilian n.______________civilise(NAmE-ize) vt.　　　　　 　
17.educate vt.(在学校)教育;教导,指导　 　　　　　　 adj.受过良好教育(或训练)的,有教养的　education n.　　　　　　 　　　　　　　n.教育工作者,教师　educational adj.　　 　　　　
advanced
→
→
→
→
→
(时间上)在……前,预先,事先;(发展上)超前
agriculture
agricultural
civilisation/civilization
平民,老百姓
教化,使有教养;使开化,使文明
educated
(尤指学校)教育;(某一学科的)教育;教育机构,教育界人士
educator
教育的,有教育意义的
→
→
突然出现,冒出来
solid
平板电脑;药片;便笺本
18.electronic adj.电子的,电子器件的　　　　　　n.电,电能　electric adj.　 　　　　　 electrical adj.　　　　　　 　 拓展electrical power/energy　　　　　　
19.emphasize vt.强调;使突出　 　　　　　　n.强调,重视,重要性
20.globe n.地球,世界;地球仪　 　　　　 　　 v.(使)全球化　globalization(BrE-isation) n.　　　　　　
21.kit n.　　　　　　 拓展 a first aid kit 　　　　
22.mercy n.　　　　　　 　 搭配→______________任……处置，对……无能为力
23.operate vi.运转,工作;动手术;经营　vt.操作,控制　v.(被)使用,(使)运转　 　　　　　n.操作人员;接线员;经营者　operation n.　　　 　　 ____
_______________________
24.　　　　　n.停车位;停车　 park n.　　　　 v.停,泊
electricity
→
→
→
用电的,电动的
电的,用电的,发电的
电力;电能
emphasis
globalize/globalise
全球化
成套工具,成套设备;配套元件
急救箱
仁慈,宽恕;恩惠
at the mercy of...
→
→
operator
→
操作；作用，效力；手术；企业；（工商业）活动，业务；（有组织的）活动，行动；
（尤指涉及众人员的)军事行动,警方行动
parking
公园;专用区,园区;(英国)庄园,庭院;运动场,(尤指)棒球场
→
25.power n._________________________________________________________________________　　　　　 　　
________________________________________________________________________________ adj.有权势的，有影响力的;强有力的;有强烈作用的;强壮的　搭配come to power______________in power a power failure________
26.real adj.　　　　 　 　　　　n.现实;事实　　　　　adv.真实地;的确
27.reform vt.改革,改进　v.(使)改过自新　n.改革,变革,改良　 　　　　　adj.改过自新的
28.signal n.　　　　　　 　v.发信号,示意　vt.表明;标志着　
搭配signal sb. to do sth.　　　　　 　
29.technology n.工艺,科技,技术学　 　　　　　　adj.科技的,技术的　　　　　　　adv.技术上　
控制力,操纵力;统治,政权;权力,职权;(身体、心智的)某种能力;力量,威力;电力供应;
powerful
(开始)掌权,上台
执政
(身体的)力量,体力;有影响力的大国
停电
→
→
真实的;正宗的;真正的
reality
really
reformed
信号;标志;(尤指铁路和公路上的)信号灯
示意某人做某事
→
technological
technologically
请同学们完成基础练2中的各题！
核心词汇突破
(1)我们是不是可以首先讨论上次会议中产生的问题？
Can we begin by discussing matters _____________________ the last meeting
(2)他立刻从座位上站了起来。
He __________________________ immediately.
(3)身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
Emotional or mental problems can _________________ a physical cause.
(4)新危机已经出现。
_________________________________
1.arise vi.（arose,arisen）出现；发生
·arise from = arise out of 由……引起/产生；从……中产生
·arise from one’s chair/seat 从椅子/座位上站起来
arises from his seat
arising from
arise from
A new crisis has arisen.
(1)这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
The idea ____________________________.
(2)她没想到请别人帮忙。
It didn’t occur to her ________________________.
(3)这个程序可以统计任何单词在文本中出现的次数。
The program counts the number of _________________(occur) of any word within the text.
2.occur vi.发生；出现；存在
·sth. occurs/ occurred to sb. 某人突然想起某事
·It occurs to/ strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想起……
·It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
※ occurrence n.发生；出现
拓展
注意:表示“某人突然想起……”的句式还有:
sth. strike(s)/hit(s) sb.
It hits/strikes sb. that.
to ask for help
occurred to him in a dream
occurrences
(1)提前订票会便宜一些。
It’s cheaper if you book the tickets ______________.
(2)飓风袭来之前，沿海地带的人已经撤离。
People were evacuated from the coastal regions __________________________.
(3)要想在这一科学领域有进一步的发展，我们需要更多的资金。
We need more money if we are to ________________________________ this area of science.
3.advance n.进步，进展
·advane on/towards sb./sth.向某人/物前进
·in advance 预先；事先
in advance of (时间上)提前于……
make advances/an advance in在……方面取得进步
※advanced adj. 高级的；先进的
in advance
in advance of the hurricane
make any further advances in
(1)她完全听任他的摆布。
She was completely ___________________.
(2)我们受制于天气。
We were _________________________ the weather.
(3) 他对激怒他的人毫不留情。
He showed no ___________ to those who had angered him.
4.mercy n.仁慈；怜悯；宽恕
·at the mercy of... 任……摆布，受……控制
·beg for mercy 请求宽恕，求饶
·have mercy on sb. 怜悯某人
·without mercy 毫不怜悯地
at the mercy of
at his mercy
mercy
(1)我们得给他的眼睛动手术。
We will have to _______________ his eyes.
(2)她需要接受脚踝手术。
She’s going to ____________________ on her ankle.
(3)我让接线员把我的电话接到她的办公室。
I asked the _____________________________ to her office.
5.operate v.操作；做手术
·operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
※operator n.（电脑）操作员；接线员
※operation n.操作；手术
·come/go into operation 开始工作(生效)
put/ bring...into operation 实施；实行
operate on
need an operation
operator to put me through
(1)他示意要我们去他那儿。
He signalled to us ___________________.
(2)她示意该走了。
She signalled (that) _______________________.
(3)我们不想向投资者发出错误的信号。
We don’t want to ______________________________________.
6.signal n.信号；信号灯 vi.&vt.发信号；示意 vt.表明；标志着
·signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal sb. that... 示意(某人)……
·send out a signal 发出信号
a traffic signal 交通信号
to join him
it was time to leave
sent out the wrong signal to investors
话题语段拓展
一、阅读下面语段，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
[教材改编,外研选必四U5 P52]Comparing the highly-sophisticated civilisations of the Maya and Ancient China reveals some surprising 　1　. They both possessed a 　2　 understanding of mathematics and astronomy, which helped them maintain an accurate calendar, and a complex 　3　 system that used signs to represent sounds and meanings. It can therefore be difficult to explain why, 　4　 their excellent construction skills, the Maya never learnt to use wheels, metal tools or even animal power, while the ancient Chinese did. Facts such as these add to the mystery surrounding Maya civilisation, driving people to find out why it 　5　 while others, such as Ancient China, survived and thrived.
1.A.differences　　　　　B.features　　　　　C.similarities　　　　　D.treasures
2.A.detailed B.puzzled C.guided D.complicated
3.A.reading B.writing C.speaking D.listening
4.A.without B.besides C.including D.despite
5.A.suffered B.survived C.disappeared D.failed
1.C　根据下文中的"They both possessed a…sounds and meanings"可知,此处说明的是玛雅文明与古代中国文明的相似之处,similarity"相像处,相似点,类似的地方"符合语境,故选C。
2.A　下文中的"which helped them maintain an accurate calendar"说明,玛雅文明与古代中国文明都对数学和天文学有详细的了解。detailed"详细的,细致的"符合语境,故选A。
3.B　根据下文中的"that used signs to represent sounds and meanings"可知,它们都用符号表示声音和含义,说明它们有复杂的书写(writing)系统,故选B。
4.D　根据下文中的"the Maya never learnt to use wheels, metal tools or even animal power"可知,尽管玛雅人有杰出的建筑技能,但他们从来没有学会使用轮子、金属工具甚至畜力。despite"即使,尽管"符合语境,故选D。
5.C　根据下文中的"while others, such as Ancient China, survived and thrived"可知,玛雅文明消失(disappeared)了,而其他文明,如古代中国,却存活并繁荣起来。空处应填与"survived and thrived"意义相反的词,故选C。
答案
请同学们完成基础练3剩余的试题！
基础练4 续写提分素材
——臀部和肩部动作
词组
1.wave one's arms挥动双臂 2.take/hold sb. in one's arms把某人拥在怀里
3.stretch/hold out arms伸出双臂 4.open/spread/unfold/throw one's arms张开双臂
5.put/throw one's arms around sb.张开双臂搂住某人 6.take sb. by the arm抓住某人的胳膊
7.with one's arms folded/crossed双臂交叉 8.arm in arm臂挽臂
9.under the arm挟在腋下 10.carry sth. on one's shoulder把某物扛在肩上
11.shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地；齐心协力地 12.give sb. the cold shoulder故意冷落某人
13.pat/clap/tap sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩膀 14.shrug one's shoulders耸肩
佳句
1.Staring at the carefully prepared food, Mother gathered her kids in her arms, tears running down her face.母亲看着精心准备的食物，把孩子们拉进怀里，眼泪顺着脸庞流了下来。
2.He took a firm grip on my arm and marched towards the door.他紧紧抓住我的胳膊，朝门口走去。
3.The teacher bent down, gave this little boy a warm hug and kissed him gently on the forehead.老师弯下腰，给了这个小男孩一个温暖的拥抱，并在他的额头上轻吻了一下。
4.As he watched the sunset over the ocean, resting his head on his friend's shoulder, he couldn't help but feel a sense of peace and contentment washed over him.当他看着海洋上的日落，把头靠在朋友肩膀上时，他不禁感到一种平静和满足的感觉涌上心头。
仿写运用
1.Jack双臂交叉，一声不吭地站着。
Jack stood silently ________________________.（with复合结构）
2.一看到多年未见的老友从车上下来，她就张开手臂欢快地迎了上去。
At the sight of the old friend she hadn't seen for years getting off the car, she __________________________, running towards her cheerfully.
3.看到她最喜欢的乐队在舞台上，她兴奋地挥动双臂。
Seeing her favorite band on stage, she __________________________________.
4.一看到母亲，她就张开双臂搂住母亲，紧紧地拥抱在一起。
At the sight of her mother, she __________________________________ and hugged tightly.
with his arms folded/crossed
opened/spread/unfolded/threw her arms
waved her arms excitedly/in excitement
put/threw her arms around her
仿写运用
5.他正要开门，突然有人从后面拍了拍他的肩膀，吓得他跳了起来。
He was just about to open the door when suddenly someone_______________________________________ from behind, which made him jump.
6.错过了最后一趟公交车，他把沉重的箱子扛在肩上，沿着无人的街道一路走回了家。
Having missed the last bus, he _____________________________ along the empty street
all the way home.
7.当我问他为什么要这么做时，他只是耸了耸肩，什么都没说。
When I asked him why he had done it, he just _____________________________________.
patted/clapped/tapped him on the shoulder
carried the heavy box on his shoulder
shrugged his shoulders and said nothing