高中英语学业水平测试复习专题二阅读理解题型词句猜测题课件
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| 名称 | 高中英语学业水平测试复习专题二阅读理解题型词句猜测题课件 |  | |
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-03-17 09:42:38 | ||
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(共33张PPT)
题型4 词句猜测题
题型分析
PART
01
第一部分
词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。
选项特征
PART
02
第二部分
1．正确选项特征
(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系。
(2)上下文逻辑通顺。
(3)与原句意思最接近。
(4)代入原文，最为得体。
2．干扰选项特征
(1)与所考词汇形似。
(2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项。
(3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
技巧点拨
PART
03
第三部分
1．词句猜测题——上下语境猜意义
【题型特点】 在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容紧密联系起来，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述，然后再归纳、总结。如果考生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。
【图解技巧】
(1)“语法关系”猜词义
(2)“逻辑关系”猜词义
(3)“语境吻合”猜句意
2．代词指代题——“就近原则”找指代
【题型特点】 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
【图解技巧】
专题训练
PART
04
第四部分
Passage 1
(2021·广东1月)Modern inventions have greatly increased people's love of speed.Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour，aircraft cross the world within a day，while computers operate at lightning speed.Indeed，this love of speed seems never ending.Every year we produce motor cars which go even faster and each new computer is said to save precious seconds in handling tasks.
All this save time, but at a price.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in a airplane, our bodies tell us so.We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag (时差反应): our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone.Again，spending too much time in front of computers results in eye pain or finger pain.Mobile phones also have their dangers，according to some scientists.Too much use may do harm to our brains, a bad result we do not like to think about.
What do we do with the time we have saved then？Certainly not relax.We are so used to constant (连续不断的) activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time.Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio，letting imagination take us into another world.
Modern inventions have brought us great benefits, but at the same time，we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.There was a time when some people's lives were devoted simply to the farming of the land or the care of cattle.Their lives went on at a much slower speed，and in a familiar pattern.We might admire a way of life like this, yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays.Modern technology has changed everything.
1．The underlined word “lightning” in Paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to ________．
A．fast B．unexpected
C．possible D．exciting
词义猜测题。根据画线词前面“Motor cars cover...cross the world within a day”可知，前面句子描述了汽车跑的速度很快，飞机飞行速度很快，所以此处表示计算机运行速度很快。
√
2．According to Paragraph 2，we save time at the price of our ________．
A．happiness B．health
C．wealth D．safety
细节理解题。根据本段中“eye pain or finger pain”“have their dangers”和“do harm to our brains”可知，我们以身体健康为代价来节省时间。
√
3．According to the passage，modern inventions make life ________．
A．happier and more relaxing
B．faster and less enjoyable
C．simpler and less comfortable
D．slower and healthier
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Modern inventions...love of speed.”和最后一段中“Modern inventions...lost a lot of fun as human beings.”可知，现代发明让生活更快但不那么愉快。
√
4．The last paragraph suggests that ________．
A．life in the future will be better
B．we should do more physical work
C．we cannot enjoy modern life
D．our life cannot be what it used to be
段落大意题。根据本段内容并结合本段第一句和最后一句可知，整个段落在讲现代发明改变了我们的生活，即我们的生活不能再像以前那样了。
√
5．Which section of the newspaper is the passage probably from
A．Business. B．Education.
C．Life. D．Sports.
文章出处题。通过略读可知，文章介绍了现代发明对我们生活产生的一些不利影响。
√
Passage 2
Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet，but they say a robotic vehicle called“Curiosity”is helping them learn a lot about the planet's history and climate.
Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months.It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASA in the United States.
Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels.It also has a robotic arm，cameras，and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface.Then it sends the information back to the earth.
Curiosity's main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars，either now or in the past.On Nov.2，NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosity had found in its first two months on Mars.
Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth.Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past.Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth，where their rough edges have been worn down by water.Mars is very cold and dry now，but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found.
Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷)，but so far it has not found any.On the earth，most methane is produced by plants or animals.Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there.
Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars.It will continue to explore the planet for about two years.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。
1．Which of the following descriptions about Curiosity is TRUE
A．It landed on Mars in January 2012.
B．It is small in size and has four arms.
C．It took over eight months to arrive in Mars.
D．It was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia.
根据第二段的“...after travelling through space for more than eight months.”可知答案。
√
2．According to the information sent back by Curiosity，scientists believe that________．
A．there's no air on Mars
B．Mars is warm and wet now
C．the soil on Mars is rich
D．there used to be water on Mars
根据第五段中的“Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth，where their rough edges have been worn down by water.”可直接得出答案。
√
3．The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”．
A．smooth stones B．rivers
C．robotic vehicles D．volcanoes
根据第五段最后一句可知答案。
√
4．We know from the sixth paragraph that________．
A．some tiny animals once lived on Mars
B．there are no plants or animals on Mars now
C．the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane
D．Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth
根据第六段可知，如果有甲烷，就表示火星上有植物或动物存在的可能。但是“好奇号”到现在为止都没有在火星上找到甲烷，可见火星上至少现在是没有植物或动物的。
√
5．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Humans benefit a lot by going to Mars.
B．Scientists will stop the research on Mars soon.
C．It is possible to build an earth- like environment on Mars.
D．A robotic vehicle helps scientists get useful information from Mars.
根据文章的第一段可知答案。
√
题型4 词句猜测题
题型分析
PART
01
第一部分
词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。
选项特征
PART
02
第二部分
1．正确选项特征
(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系。
(2)上下文逻辑通顺。
(3)与原句意思最接近。
(4)代入原文，最为得体。
2．干扰选项特征
(1)与所考词汇形似。
(2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项。
(3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
技巧点拨
PART
03
第三部分
1．词句猜测题——上下语境猜意义
【题型特点】 在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容紧密联系起来，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述，然后再归纳、总结。如果考生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。
【图解技巧】
(1)“语法关系”猜词义
(2)“逻辑关系”猜词义
(3)“语境吻合”猜句意
2．代词指代题——“就近原则”找指代
【题型特点】 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
【图解技巧】
专题训练
PART
04
第四部分
Passage 1
(2021·广东1月)Modern inventions have greatly increased people's love of speed.Motor cars cover a hundred miles in a little more than one hour，aircraft cross the world within a day，while computers operate at lightning speed.Indeed，this love of speed seems never ending.Every year we produce motor cars which go even faster and each new computer is said to save precious seconds in handling tasks.
All this save time, but at a price.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in a airplane, our bodies tell us so.We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag (时差反应): our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone.Again，spending too much time in front of computers results in eye pain or finger pain.Mobile phones also have their dangers，according to some scientists.Too much use may do harm to our brains, a bad result we do not like to think about.
What do we do with the time we have saved then？Certainly not relax.We are so used to constant (连续不断的) activities that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time.Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio，letting imagination take us into another world.
Modern inventions have brought us great benefits, but at the same time，we have lost a lot of fun as human beings.There was a time when some people's lives were devoted simply to the farming of the land or the care of cattle.Their lives went on at a much slower speed，and in a familiar pattern.We might admire a way of life like this, yet such a lifestyle will be just a dream for us nowadays.Modern technology has changed everything.
1．The underlined word “lightning” in Paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to ________．
A．fast B．unexpected
C．possible D．exciting
词义猜测题。根据画线词前面“Motor cars cover...cross the world within a day”可知，前面句子描述了汽车跑的速度很快，飞机飞行速度很快，所以此处表示计算机运行速度很快。
√
2．According to Paragraph 2，we save time at the price of our ________．
A．happiness B．health
C．wealth D．safety
细节理解题。根据本段中“eye pain or finger pain”“have their dangers”和“do harm to our brains”可知，我们以身体健康为代价来节省时间。
√
3．According to the passage，modern inventions make life ________．
A．happier and more relaxing
B．faster and less enjoyable
C．simpler and less comfortable
D．slower and healthier
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Modern inventions...love of speed.”和最后一段中“Modern inventions...lost a lot of fun as human beings.”可知，现代发明让生活更快但不那么愉快。
√
4．The last paragraph suggests that ________．
A．life in the future will be better
B．we should do more physical work
C．we cannot enjoy modern life
D．our life cannot be what it used to be
段落大意题。根据本段内容并结合本段第一句和最后一句可知，整个段落在讲现代发明改变了我们的生活，即我们的生活不能再像以前那样了。
√
5．Which section of the newspaper is the passage probably from
A．Business. B．Education.
C．Life. D．Sports.
文章出处题。通过略读可知，文章介绍了现代发明对我们生活产生的一些不利影响。
√
Passage 2
Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet，but they say a robotic vehicle called“Curiosity”is helping them learn a lot about the planet's history and climate.
Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months.It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASA in the United States.
Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels.It also has a robotic arm，cameras，and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface.Then it sends the information back to the earth.
Curiosity's main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars，either now or in the past.On Nov.2，NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosity had found in its first two months on Mars.
Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth.Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past.Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth，where their rough edges have been worn down by water.Mars is very cold and dry now，but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found.
Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷)，but so far it has not found any.On the earth，most methane is produced by plants or animals.Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there.
Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars.It will continue to explore the planet for about two years.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。
1．Which of the following descriptions about Curiosity is TRUE
A．It landed on Mars in January 2012.
B．It is small in size and has four arms.
C．It took over eight months to arrive in Mars.
D．It was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia.
根据第二段的“...after travelling through space for more than eight months.”可知答案。
√
2．According to the information sent back by Curiosity，scientists believe that________．
A．there's no air on Mars
B．Mars is warm and wet now
C．the soil on Mars is rich
D．there used to be water on Mars
根据第五段中的“Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth，where their rough edges have been worn down by water.”可直接得出答案。
√
3．The underlined word“they”in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”．
A．smooth stones B．rivers
C．robotic vehicles D．volcanoes
根据第五段最后一句可知答案。
√
4．We know from the sixth paragraph that________．
A．some tiny animals once lived on Mars
B．there are no plants or animals on Mars now
C．the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane
D．Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth
根据第六段可知，如果有甲烷，就表示火星上有植物或动物存在的可能。但是“好奇号”到现在为止都没有在火星上找到甲烷，可见火星上至少现在是没有植物或动物的。
√
5．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Humans benefit a lot by going to Mars.
B．Scientists will stop the research on Mars soon.
C．It is possible to build an earth- like environment on Mars.
D．A robotic vehicle helps scientists get useful information from Mars.
根据文章的第一段可知答案。
√
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