高中英语学业水平测试复习专题二阅读理解题型主旨大意题课件
文档属性
| 名称 | 高中英语学业水平测试复习专题二阅读理解题型主旨大意题课件 |  | |
| 格式 | ppt | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-03-17 09:45:51 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共34张PPT)
题型3 主旨大意题
题型分析
PART
01
第一部分
主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有：
1．The best title of the passage is ________．
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
3．The passage is mainly about ________．
4．What is the passage mainly about
5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
选项特征
PART
02
第二部分
1．正确选项特征
涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息
精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会改变意思表达的程度及色彩。不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词
范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小
2.干扰选项特征
以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容、某些局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面
断章取义 以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节替代全文的主要观点
移花接木 命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上
主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容
似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系
技巧点拨
PART
03
第三部分
1．标题归纳题——文章主线定标题
【题型特点】 该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。
【图解技巧】
2．文章大意题——寻找主题明意旨
【题型特点】 文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
【图解技巧】
3．段落大意题——首尾兼顾知段意
【题型特点】 段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
【图解技巧】
专题训练
PART
04
第四部分
Passage 1
(2022·广东1月)What would life be like without commas(逗号) It would be quite confusing. Take this simple sentence as an example: Let's eat Dad! Without a comma, Dad becomes the food. Add a comma, and Dad becomes a partner at dinner: Let's eat, Dad! The comma enables people to have a better understanding of the sentence.
Here's another example: Tom said Sarah stole the cake. Here, Sarah is the thief. But add a pair of commas, and Tom becomes the thief: Tom, said Sarah, stole the cake.
The examples above clearly show that people cannot do without commas in writing. Yet, the comma came from oral speeches. Long ago, most people could not read. They listened to the news or stories told by the people who gave speeches. The comma began as something to mark the resting place in a sentence. When reading, the speakers knew where to stop and take a breath.
In writing, commas are like shining red lights on the road. They require that you wait a moment before continuing. And don't add a comma when you feel like it. There are rules that people shall not break. Learn them, and you won't be eating anyone or making wrong changes.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了逗号在生活中是很重要的，如果没有逗号，将会造成理解上的错误，同时我们也应该要遵守使用逗号的一些规则，这样才会让我们所表达的东西更加清楚。
1．Without commas, life would be________．
A．frightening B．puzzling
C．relaxing D．interesting
细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“What would life be like without commas It would be quite confusing.”可知，没有逗号会使人困惑。confusing跟puzzling是同义词，意为“令人困惑的”。
√
2．The author uses two examples in the passage to________．
A．tell jokes to readers
B．show the importance of using commas
C．tell stories to readers
D．show the difficulty of using commas
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The examples above clearly show that people cannot do without commas in writing.”可知，例子是用来表明使用逗号的重要性的。
√
3．Commas were first used to________．
A．indicate a long sentence
B．rewrite an unclear sentence
C．continue a sentence
D．mark a break in a sentence
√
细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“The comma began as something to mark the resting, place in a sentence. When reading, the speakers knew where to stop and take a breath.”可知，逗号一开始是用来标记句子中的停顿的。
4．According to the last paragraph, we use commas by following_____．
A．our feelings B．our speeches
C．certain rules D．some facts
细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“There are rules that people shall not break. Learn them, and you won't be eating anyone or making wrong changes.”可知，使用逗号的时候，我们要遵守特定的规则。
√
5．What is the best title for the passage
A．Commas Make Sentences Clear
B．Commas Make English Interesting
C．Commas Make Writing Easy
D．Commas Make Speeches Surprising
标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及第三段第一句可知，文章强调了逗号的重要作用，逗号使说的句子变得清楚明确。
√
Passage 2
Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you，and self -driving cars will find the nearest parking space themselves？Although it might sound a little far from you，living in a“smart”city like this could happen sooner than you think.
Great changes have taken place in towns that we have lived in for centuries，while completely new cities are being built.One such place is the city of Songdo.Every home there will have a“telepresence”system(远程遥控系统)—allowing users to control the heating and looks，take part in video meetings，and receive education，healthcare and government services.Around the city，escalators(自动扶梯) will only move when someone is on them，and offices and schools will all be connected to the system.
The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco.In fact，technology companies around the world such as IBM，Siemens and Microsoft are already in the business.
About 75% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050，so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems.“Making cities smarter is one way out，and I think this will in turn make cities greener，”said Dan Hill，head of a research company.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要描述了未来可能出现的智能城市。
1．According to the text，living in a“smart”city________．
A．is not a green way
B．will be far from you
C．will soon become true
D．is completely impossible
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...living in a‘smart' city like this could happen sooner than you think”可知，住在像这样的一个“智能”城市，可能会比你认为得更快发生。
√
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．A city of the future.
B．A meeting in Songdo.
C．A plan to build a house.
D．A report on public health.
段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Great changes have taken place....One such place is the city of Songdo.”可知，第二段主要描述了未来的一个城市，故选择A。
√
3．Which company offers the great mind to build Songdo
A．Cisco. B．IBM.
C．Siemens. D．Microsoft.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco.”可知，选A。
√
4．Dan Hill thinks that making cities smarter is one way to________．
A．drive people out of cities
B．control the world's population
C．develop his own company
D．solve the cities' coming problems
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“About 75% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050，so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems.”，可知选D。
√
5．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Future Education
B．Smart Cities
C．Government Services
D．Famous Companies
标题归纳题。由文章第一段“Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you，and self driving cars will find the nearest parking...than you think.”，并结合全文可知，本文整体描述了智能城市，故选B。
√
题型3 主旨大意题
题型分析
PART
01
第一部分
主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有：
1．The best title of the passage is ________．
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text
3．The passage is mainly about ________．
4．What is the passage mainly about
5．What is the main idea of the second paragraph
6．What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
选项特征
PART
02
第二部分
1．正确选项特征
涵盖性强 覆盖全文或全段主要内容。常含有抽象名词或概括性词语，一般不出现细节信息
精确性强 所使用的概括性语言不会改变意思表达的程度及色彩。不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词
范围恰当 范围既不太大，也不太小
2.干扰选项特征
以偏概全 概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容、某些局部信息或文章主题的某一个方面
断章取义 以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节替代全文的主要观点
移花接木 命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上
主题扩大 归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容
似是而非 题目中的关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的内容毫无联系
技巧点拨
PART
03
第三部分
1．标题归纳题——文章主线定标题
【题型特点】 该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。
【图解技巧】
2．文章大意题——寻找主题明意旨
【题型特点】 文章大意题是考查考生深层理解文章以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
【图解技巧】
3．段落大意题——首尾兼顾知段意
【题型特点】 段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
【图解技巧】
专题训练
PART
04
第四部分
Passage 1
(2022·广东1月)What would life be like without commas(逗号) It would be quite confusing. Take this simple sentence as an example: Let's eat Dad! Without a comma, Dad becomes the food. Add a comma, and Dad becomes a partner at dinner: Let's eat, Dad! The comma enables people to have a better understanding of the sentence.
Here's another example: Tom said Sarah stole the cake. Here, Sarah is the thief. But add a pair of commas, and Tom becomes the thief: Tom, said Sarah, stole the cake.
The examples above clearly show that people cannot do without commas in writing. Yet, the comma came from oral speeches. Long ago, most people could not read. They listened to the news or stories told by the people who gave speeches. The comma began as something to mark the resting place in a sentence. When reading, the speakers knew where to stop and take a breath.
In writing, commas are like shining red lights on the road. They require that you wait a moment before continuing. And don't add a comma when you feel like it. There are rules that people shall not break. Learn them, and you won't be eating anyone or making wrong changes.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了逗号在生活中是很重要的，如果没有逗号，将会造成理解上的错误，同时我们也应该要遵守使用逗号的一些规则，这样才会让我们所表达的东西更加清楚。
1．Without commas, life would be________．
A．frightening B．puzzling
C．relaxing D．interesting
细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“What would life be like without commas It would be quite confusing.”可知，没有逗号会使人困惑。confusing跟puzzling是同义词，意为“令人困惑的”。
√
2．The author uses two examples in the passage to________．
A．tell jokes to readers
B．show the importance of using commas
C．tell stories to readers
D．show the difficulty of using commas
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The examples above clearly show that people cannot do without commas in writing.”可知，例子是用来表明使用逗号的重要性的。
√
3．Commas were first used to________．
A．indicate a long sentence
B．rewrite an unclear sentence
C．continue a sentence
D．mark a break in a sentence
√
细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“The comma began as something to mark the resting, place in a sentence. When reading, the speakers knew where to stop and take a breath.”可知，逗号一开始是用来标记句子中的停顿的。
4．According to the last paragraph, we use commas by following_____．
A．our feelings B．our speeches
C．certain rules D．some facts
细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后两句“There are rules that people shall not break. Learn them, and you won't be eating anyone or making wrong changes.”可知，使用逗号的时候，我们要遵守特定的规则。
√
5．What is the best title for the passage
A．Commas Make Sentences Clear
B．Commas Make English Interesting
C．Commas Make Writing Easy
D．Commas Make Speeches Surprising
标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及第三段第一句可知，文章强调了逗号的重要作用，逗号使说的句子变得清楚明确。
√
Passage 2
Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you，and self -driving cars will find the nearest parking space themselves？Although it might sound a little far from you，living in a“smart”city like this could happen sooner than you think.
Great changes have taken place in towns that we have lived in for centuries，while completely new cities are being built.One such place is the city of Songdo.Every home there will have a“telepresence”system(远程遥控系统)—allowing users to control the heating and looks，take part in video meetings，and receive education，healthcare and government services.Around the city，escalators(自动扶梯) will only move when someone is on them，and offices and schools will all be connected to the system.
The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco.In fact，technology companies around the world such as IBM，Siemens and Microsoft are already in the business.
About 75% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050，so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems.“Making cities smarter is one way out，and I think this will in turn make cities greener，”said Dan Hill，head of a research company.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要描述了未来可能出现的智能城市。
1．According to the text，living in a“smart”city________．
A．is not a green way
B．will be far from you
C．will soon become true
D．is completely impossible
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...living in a‘smart' city like this could happen sooner than you think”可知，住在像这样的一个“智能”城市，可能会比你认为得更快发生。
√
2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．A city of the future.
B．A meeting in Songdo.
C．A plan to build a house.
D．A report on public health.
段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Great changes have taken place....One such place is the city of Songdo.”可知，第二段主要描述了未来的一个城市，故选择A。
√
3．Which company offers the great mind to build Songdo
A．Cisco. B．IBM.
C．Siemens. D．Microsoft.
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The great mind behind Songdo is from the company Cisco.”可知，选A。
√
4．Dan Hill thinks that making cities smarter is one way to________．
A．drive people out of cities
B．control the world's population
C．develop his own company
D．solve the cities' coming problems
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“About 75% of the world's population will live in cities by 2050，so cities will need to be more modern to deal with the coming problems.”，可知选D。
√
5．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Future Education
B．Smart Cities
C．Government Services
D．Famous Companies
标题归纳题。由文章第一段“Would you like to live in a city where buildings turn the lights off for you，and self driving cars will find the nearest parking...than you think.”，并结合全文可知，本文整体描述了智能城市，故选B。
√
同课章节目录