高中英语学业水平测试复习专题四语法填空语法项目(九)并列句和状语从句课件

(共35张PPT)
语法项目(九)　
并列句和状语从句
知识梳理
PART
01
第一部分
1．并列句
(1)并列连词
①表并列、递进或顺承关系用and、both...and...、 neither...nor...、not only...but also...等。
②表转折、对比关系用but、yet、while等。
③表选择关系用or、or else、whether...or...、either...or...、 not...but...等。
④表因果关系用so、for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)等。
(2)并列句的句式
①when可用作特殊并列连词，意为“这时、那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
be about to do sth. when...
正要做某事，这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing sth. when...
正要做某事，这时(突然)……
be doing sth. when...
正在做某事，这时(突然)……
had done sth. when...
刚做了某事，这时(突然)……
*He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.
他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
②“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
*One more cup of coffee, and you will get refreshed.
再来一杯咖啡，你就会精神焕发。
2．状语从句
(1)时间状语从句
时间状语从句可以由when、whenever、as、while、before、till/until、ever since、as soon as等来引导。
①when、while和as引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……时”。
*While/When I was walking on the road, I found a purse on the roadside.
当我走在路上时，我在路边发现了一个钱包。
②before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之前、尚未来得及就、很久之后才……、不久就……”。
*He left for New York by plane before I could say goodbye to him.
我还没来得及和他道别，他就乘飞机到纽约去了。
③as soon as、 immediately、 directly、 instantly、 the moment、 the minute、 the instant等引导时间状语从句时，常意为“一……就……”。
*The moment a fighting burst out in the crowd, the policemen came to put it down soon.
人群中一发生打斗，警察很快就来制止住了。
④since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从”。从句的谓语动词通常用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时。
*We've never met since we graduated from the college.
自从大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
⑤名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句，常用的这类名词短语有every time(每当、每次)、the first time(第一次……的时候)、next time(下次……时)等。
*Every time my father returned from a business trip, he would bring a gift to me.
每次父亲出差回来，他都会给我带礼物。
⑥“no sooner...than...”和“hardly...when...”意为“刚……就……”。主句一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。若把no sooner、 hardly提到句首，主句需要倒装。
*He had no sooner (＝No sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚一到家，就又被要求出另一次差。
⑦till/until引导时间状语从句时，意为“直到……为止”。“not...until”意为“直到……才”，置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
*He didn't fall asleep until 4：00 in the morning.
(＝Not until 4：00 in the morning did he fall asleep.)
直到凌晨4点他才睡着。
(2)地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由连词where、wherever、everywhere等引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
*Where there is water, there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
*Wherever there is a disaster, we must offer as much help as possible.
无论哪里发生灾难，我们都必须尽可能地给予帮助。
(3)条件状语从句
条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless, as long as, on condition that等引导。
*If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go fishing.
如果明天不下雨，我们就去钓鱼。
*A new company will be built on condition that both sides reach an agreement.
只要双方达成协议，一个新的公司将建立起来。
(4)目的状语从句
目的状语从句通常由连词so that, in case, in order that, for fear that, lest等引导。
*They started out early so that they could arrive at the destination on time.
他们出发得很早以按时到达目的地。
*Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
带把伞以防下雨。
(5)原因状语从句
原因状语从句通常由连词because, since, as, now that等引导。
*Because he broke the shop window, he had to pay for it.
因为他打破了商店橱窗，他必须赔钱。
*Since you know what has happened, you needn't keep it a secret.
既然你已经知道发生了什么事，你就不必保密。
(6)结果状语从句
结果状语从句通常由连词so...that...，so that，such...that...等引导。
*The big fire was so fierce that it took the firefighters half a day to put it out.
大火如此猛烈以至于消防队员花了半天的时间才扑灭。
(7)让步状语从句
让步状语从句通常由连词although, though, while, as, even if, even though, 疑问词＋-ever, no matter＋疑问词等引导。
*Although he has retired from work, he still serves the neighbourhood.
尽管他退休了，他仍然为社区服务。
(8)方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由连词as, as if, as though等引导。
*You had better do as what I tell you, if you don't want to make a mistake.
如果你不想出差错的话，你最好按照我教你的去做。
(9)比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由连词as...as..., than引导。
*He can speak English as fluently as a native speaker.
他英语讲得和本地人一样流利。
(10)状语从句的省略
状语从句如满足以下两个条件，从句的主语和be动词可省略：
①当状语从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语是be动词时；
*If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。
②主句主语与从句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时。
*As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.
他小时候就学会了如何骑自行车。
技巧点拨
PART
02
第二部分
技法1　牢记并列连词词义并能熟练运用
技法2　牢记固定句式结构，确定从属连词
技法3　根据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的连接词
如果主从句是因果关系，则要考虑用because，as，since；如果主从句有时间先后之分，则要考虑用时间状语从句的连接词；如果从句为主句的条件，则要考虑用if；如果从句表示让步，则要考虑用although，though，while。
专题训练
PART
03
第三部分
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．____________we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
解析：考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不制止气候变化，世界上的很多动物和植物将会死去。根据句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填If。
If
2．Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so____________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
解析：考查状语从句。句意：到周末我们再摘这些桃子吧，那样的话它们就变得足够甜能吃了。由设空处后的内容可判断设空处引导状语从句，故答案为that，即so that引导状语从句。
that
3．It was not widely accepted as a travel concept ____________ the late 1980s.
解析：考查连词。not... until/till意为“直到……为止……才”。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。
4．My bike was old and shaky ____________ did the job.
解析：考查连词。根据空处前后的句意可知，“自行车又旧又摇晃”与“能骑”之间是转折关系。故用表转折的连词but。
until/till
but
5．I don't really like the author，____________I have to admit his books are very exciting.
解析：句意：我实在是不喜欢那位作家，尽管我不得不承认他的作品非常激动人心。根据句意判断，两句之间是让步关系，故可填连词(al)though“虽然，尽管”。
(al)though
6．The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left ____________ I could ask for their names.
解析：句意：那对年轻夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包。我还没来得及问他们的姓名，他们就已经离开了。结合句意可知，此处填before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。
before
7．Pahlsson screamed____________loudly that her daughter came running from the house.
解析：句意：帕尔逊尖叫声是如此的大以至于她女儿从屋子里跑了出来。本句考查固定句式，so...that，如此……以至于，故填so。
8．____________ we have enough evidence，we can't win the case.
解析：句意：除非我们有足够的证据，否则我们就赢不了这个案子。分析句子结构和句意可知，这里应该是unless引导的条件状语从句，意思是“除非；如果不……”，相当于if...not。
so
Unless
9．It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well ____________ strong.
解析：句意：它要求你表现得像水一样：柔韧又坚强。as well as“以及，和”，是固定短语，用来连接两个并列成分，相当于and。
10．I really enjoy listening to music ____________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
解析：句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它能帮助我放松，让我不去想一天中别的烦心事。根据句意可知，这里用because引导原因状语从句。
as
because　
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.________ I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework 2.________ the door bell rang.However，my sister unlocked the door 3.________ I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her 4.________ her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer 5.________ we expected.6.________ we didn't know what had happened to her，we stood
while
than
before
because
than
Since
there and waited for my sister's story.We wouldn't leave 7.________ my sister told us all about it.8.________ my sister got changed，she told us that she fell into a ditch 9.________ she walked on a path on her way to my uncle's home in the countryside.She couldn't get out of the ditch.10.____________________ she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it，but 11.________ hard she tried，she failed to escape from it.12.________ time went by，she got worried.
unless
After
when
Although/Though
however
As
After several vain attempts she had to stand 13.__________ she was and waited 14.________ a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did 15.________ the boy told，so that she came out.
where
until
as