高中英语学业水平测试复习专题四语法填空语法项目(三)介词课件

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语法项目(三)　介词
知识梳理
PART
01
第一部分
1．表示时间的介词
(1)in, at和on
①at指钟点或某个具体时刻；on指具体到某一天或具体到某一天的早中晚；in用于某月、某季节、某年、某年代、某年龄段或某世纪。
at that moment　　 在那时
on May 1，1985 在1985年5月1日
on the morning of May 1，1985
在1985年5月1日上午
in January 在1月
in summer 在夏天
in 1995 在1995年
in the morning 在上午(泛指上午)
this morning 今天上午
②in doing意为“在做某事过程中”；on doing意为“一……就……”；at something意为“看到，听到……”。
*On getting off the plane，the suspect was surrounded by policemen.
一下飞机，那名嫌疑人就被警察包围了。
(2)during和in
during和in两个词都可以指“在……期间”，而in往往用于固定的短语。
*I made many friends during my stay in the countryside.
在乡下逗留期间，我交了很多朋友。
(3)in和after
in和after都可以用于将来，表示“在……之后”，in后面接时间段，after后面接时间点；in后面接时间段可以与现在时、过去时、将来时连用，表示“在……之内”，after也可以用于过去时，接时间段，表示“在……之后”。
*He will be back in a few minutes.
过一会他就回来了。
*He will be back after ten o'clock.
10点后他就回来了。
(4)for和since
①for接时间段表示“延续多久”，可用于过去时、完成时或将来时。
②since后接过去的时间点或事件，意为“自从……以来”，用现在完成时。
*I lived in the countryside for ten years.
我在乡下生活了10年。
*He has worked in the company since graduation.
自从大学毕业他就在这家公司工作。
(5)by和before
by后接时间点，表示“不迟于”，含该时间点；before表示“在……之前”，不含某时间点。
*You must come back by ten o'clock this evening.
你今晚必须在10点前回家。
*I have to review the whole notebooks before the examination.
我必须在考试前将全部的笔记复习完。
2．表示地点的介词
(1)across, through, past和over
across与on有关，强调从表面穿过；through与in有关，强调从里面穿过；past强调从旁边经过；over侧重从上面跨过。
*The newly built railway travels across the desert through the forests over the mountains to the sea.
那条新修的铁路跨过沙漠，穿过森林，越过高山到达海边。
(2)in, on, over和above
in指“在……里面”；on指“在……上面”，与表面有接触；over指“在……之上”，位于正上方或覆盖在表面，其反义词为under；above指“在……之上；高于……”，反义词是below。
in the house　　　　　　　 在屋里
on the house 在屋顶上
over the house 在屋顶正上方
100 metres above sea level 海拔100米
a box under the bed 床下一只箱子
(3)between和among
between指两者之间或多者中的两两之间；among指三者或三者以上之间。
*There should be no conflict between us.
你我之间不应该有什么矛盾。
*Professor Li is an expert in education among us teachers.
李教授是我们老师中的教育专家。
(4)in, on和to
in表示“在……范围之内”；on表示“毗邻，接壤”；to表示“在……范围外，不接壤”。
*China stands in the east of the world.
中国屹立于世界的东方。
*Vietnam lies on the south of China.
越南在中国的南边。
*Guangdong Province stays to the south of Hubei Province.
广东在湖北的南边。
(5)beside，behind，in front of和in the front of
beside表示“在……旁边”；behind表示“在……后面”；in front of表示“在……前面”；in the front of表示“在……内部的前面”。
*There are some flowers in front of the house.
房子前面有些花卉。
*There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.
我们的教室前边有一块黑板。
3．表示其他意义的介词
(1)on和about
on指“关于”，用于某学科、学术或研究内容；about指“关于，与……有关”，用于抽象普遍的内容。
(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
①by意为“靠……，以……方法、手段或乘某种交通工具”，后面接动名词、名词，不加冠词。
②with一般接具体的工具，后面接名词。
③in表示“用某种材料、某种方式、用……语言、语调、笔墨、颜色等”。
(3)except和besides
except意为“除……之外”，不包括在内；besides意为“除……之外”，包括在内。
(4)for, from, of, with 都可以表示原因，意为“因……而……”。
技巧点拨
PART
02
第二部分
技法1　“是否宾语”作依据
介词必须接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则要考虑填介词。
技法2　“三种方法”来确定所填介词
1．根据语境含义结合介词用法。
2．根据介词与动词等的搭配。
3．根据特殊的结构关系，如接复合宾语就只能用with或without。
专题训练
PART
03
第三部分
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away ____________ car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
句意：然而，我直接去了阳朔。对于那些飞往桂林的人来说，坐车只需要一个小时的路程……乘坐交通工具常用by加可数名词的单数形式，by car“乘车”。
by
2．When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ____________ the same time，they warm up again for the night.
句意：天亮，墙壁耗尽了热量后，现在足够冷使房子在炎热的白天凉爽；同时，夜晚变暖和。at the same time“与此同时”，为固定短语。
at
3．A common memory they all have ____________ their school days is the school uniform.
句意：他们对在校时期的共同记忆是校服。名词memory 常与介词of 连用，意为“对……的记忆”。
of
4．I got a place next ____________ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
句意：我找了个靠窗的位置，那样我可以很好地看到人行道。next接介词to，意为“紧挨着，紧靠着”。
to
5．My credit card had already been charged ____________ the reservation.
句意：我的信用卡已经为这次预订付钱了。charge...for...“因……向……收费”，是固定搭配。
6．The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist ____________ earth, Mother Nature.
考查固定搭配。on earth在世上。
for
on
7．First celebrated ____________ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions (地区).
考查介词。在1970年，应用介词in。在年、月和季节前，用介词in。
in
8．In this article，you need to back up general statements ____________ specific examples.
句意：在这篇文章中，你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。根据句意及结构可知，这里用介词with表示“用……”。
with
9．It allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ____________ work.
句意：这使得人们在上下班的时候避开了上面道路的拥堵。上班travel to work，下班travel from work。故此处填from。
from
10．When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ____________ trees that are over 1，000 years old.
句意：当你开车穿过加州红木森林时，你将是处在超过千年历史的树林之间。空处应用介词表示“在三者或三者以上……之中”，故用among。
among
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的介词。
I was in a restaurant.I noticed an elderly couple 1.________ a balloon tied to their table.When I asked them what the occasion was，they told me it was their 50th wedding anniversary.I was glad and sad 2.________ them at the same time.I was glad because they still cherished each other.I was sad because they were 3.________ their own，without any children or
with
for
on
friends.After I went back to my table I thought I should pay their bill.I tried to do it，and the restaurant manager and the waitresses asked me curiously who they were 4.________ me.Finally，I told them I worked in a church and felt it was my duty to do so.The elderly couple were surprised and speechless when told a total stranger had paid 5.________ them.All of us were nearly 6.________ tears：the couple，the manager，the waitresses and me.
to
for
in
Two months later I got a call 7.________ a newspaper telling me my simple act of kindness was reported.I wasn't expecting anything 8.________ return，but I became famous 9.________ that act of kindness.What would and could happen 10.________ us if we always practice such acts of kindness on family，friends，neighbors and strangers
from
in
for
to