高中英语学业水平测试复习专题四语法填空语法项目(五)形容词和副词课件

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语法项目(五)　形容词和副词
知识梳理
PART
01
第一部分
1．形容词和副词的基本用法
(1)形容词可以用作表语、宾语补足语、前置定语、后置定语和状语。
*His advice is very helpful.
他的建议是非常有帮助的。
*I consider his advice very helpful.
我认为他的建议很有帮助。
*This is helpful advice.
这是一条很有帮助的建议。
*This is a book suitable for children.
这是一本适合孩子们的书。
*Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest.
又累又饿，我只好停下来休息。
(2)副词常用来作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。
*We all know that his sister dances well.
我们都知道他的妹妹舞蹈跳得非常好。
*My younger brother is old enough to go to school.
我的弟弟年龄足够，可以上学了。
*I push the door very hard.
我用力推门。
*Truly he has passed the examination.
真的，他通过了考试。
2．比较级和最高级的变化形式
(1)一般形式
①单音节或部分双音节的形容词(或副词)比较级＋er, 最高级＋est。如small→smaller→smallest等。
②以e结尾的词，比较级＋r，最高级＋st。如large→larger→largest等。
③以辅音字母＋y结尾的词变y为i＋er或est。如easy→easier→easiest等。
④重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写最后一个辅音字母＋er或est。如hot→hotter→hottest等。
⑤多音节和部分双音节的词在形容词原级前＋more构成比较级，＋most构成最高级。如
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful等。
(2)特殊形式
good/well→better→best
ill/bad/badly→worse→worst
little→less→least
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most
far→farther/further→farthest(表距离)/furthest(表程度)
3．形容词和副词比较等级的用法
(1)形容词/副词的原级比较
①肯定式：as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
*This is as good an example as the other.
这个和另外一个是一样好的例子。
②否定式：not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as
*Today is not as/so warm as yesterday.
今天不如昨天那么暖和。
(2)形容词/副词的比较级
①表示两者差级比较：比较级＋than
*Mary is more diligent than Lucy.
玛丽比露西勤奋。
②表示“越来越”：比较级＋and＋比较级
*It rained more and more heavily.
雨下得越来越大。
③表示“越……越……”：the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
*The shorter your passage is，the better it is.
你的文章越短越好。
④表示“两者中较……那个”：the＋比较级＋of the two (＋名词)
*The taller of the two boys is my brother.
两个男生中较高的是我的兄弟。
(3)形容词/副词的最高级
①最高级结构
最高级用“the＋形容词/副词最高级(＋名词＋表示范围的标志性短语或从句)”结构，表示三者或三者以上中程度最高的，副词最高级前的定冠词可以省略。
*Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。
②比较级形式表示最高级含义
a．比较级与否定词连用
*Nothing is more exciting than to travel.
没有什么比去旅游更令人兴奋的了。
b．比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
*This plan is nicer than any other one.
这个计划比任何其他的计划都好。
c.比较级＋than＋the other＋可数名词复数
*Julia is taller than the other girls in her class.
朱莉娅比班上所有其他的女孩子都高。
d．比较级＋than＋anyone/anything else
*They admire me because I run faster than anyone else in the class.
他们崇拜我，因为我比班上其他学生跑得快。
(4)形容词/副词比较级和最高级的修饰语
①比较级的修饰词有even，any，still，a little，a great deal，a bit，rather，a lot，much等。
*This is much cheaper.
这个便宜多了。
*Do you feel any better today
你今天感觉好点了吗？
②最高级的修饰词有much，by (far)，nearly，almost等。
*He is by far the best of all the students.
他是最优秀的学生。
*He is almost the tallest here.
他几乎是这里最高的。
技巧点拨
PART
02
第二部分
技法1　看到与than连用，要想到用比较级
技巧2　看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级
技巧3　看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)
技巧4　看到下列固定搭配，要想到用比较等级
1．the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...
2．the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句。
专题训练
PART
03
第三部分
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．There could be an even __________(high) cost on your health.
考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故需要用high的比较级higher。
higher
2．Even ____________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式worse。even worse意为“更糟的是”，为固定搭配。
worse
3．However, be ____________(care) not to go to extremes.
考查形容词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
4．Because of the confidence she inspired in me, I've carved out a ____________(succeed) profession as a journalist.
考查形容词。profession为名词，意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词。
careful
successful
5．According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____________(long) than non-runners.
考查副词的比较级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。
6．When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ____________(easy) see them.
考查副词。此处修饰动词see，用easy的副词形式。
longer
easily
7．Sixteen years ____________(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.
考查比较级。earlier是“比……早”，和时间段连用时，意思是“在……之前”，类似later与时间段连用时，意思是“在……之后”，故此处填earlier。
earlier
8．He screams the ____________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.
考查副词的最高级。根据空前的the以及空后的of all可知，空处应用最高级。
9．I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the ____________(late) music albums.
考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，此处表示“最新版本，最新出现的产品”，应用latest。
loudest
latest
10．In the 18th and 19th centuries, ____________(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
考查形容词。根据空后的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。
wealthy
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains 1.________ much.It is not true.Through many studies，scientists show us that the 2.________ (much) you use your brain，the better it will be and the 3.________ (clever) you will become.
too
more
cleverer
Of course，if you want to keep your mind 4.________ (clearly) and active，you must take a proper rest and study 5.________ (proper).To the teenagers，using their brains in the morning is 6.________ (well) for their health.
There are many ways to rest.One is a 7.________ (peace) rest.Sleep is a peaceful rest.Another is an 8.________ (act)rest.For example，take a walk 9.________ (outdoor)and do more exercise every day.To change the way of brains' activities is also a good way to rest.
clear
properly
good
peaceful
active
outdoors
In everyday life，to eat some eggs，meat，fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brains.
Wish you a wise man and a 10.________ (happily) life.
happy