高中英语学业水平测试复习专题四语法填空语法项目(十一)名词性从句课件

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语法项目(十一)　名词性从句
知识梳理
PART
01
第一部分
名词性从句是在复合句中起名词作用的从句，故其功能相当于名词，在复合句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中的不同语法功能，名词性从句又可分为以下几个种类：
分类 语法功能
主语从句 在复合句中作主语；有时可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末
宾语从句 作及物动词、介词的宾语；有时可用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末
分类 语法功能
表语从句 位于系动词之后作表语
同位语从句 在复合句中作某一名词的同位语，说明其内容，一般紧跟在该名词之后
1．that、whether/if、as if/though和because引导的名词性从句
(1)that引导的名词性从句
that在名词性从句中不作任何成分，本身无意义，可引导所有的名词性从句。that 引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时通常不能省略，引导宾语从句时通常可以省略。
*It's important that a student should master a foreign language nowadays.
当今，学生掌握一门外语很重要。
*I'm afraid that I have made an absurd mistake.
我担心我会犯荒唐的错误。
*The present problem is that there is not enough food and clothing in the disaster-stricken areas.
目前的问题是，灾区缺乏足够的衣服和食物。
*The fact that they are twins is often a source of confusion for their friends.
他们是双胞胎这一事实常常使他们的朋友感到困惑。
(2)whether/if引导的名词性从句
①whether和if本身有意义，意为“是否”，在从句中不充当句子成分。whether可引导所有的名词性从句，if主要引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。
②whether与 if引导名词性从句时大多数情况下可以互换，但下列情况下只能用whether：
a．后面直接跟or not时；b.位于介词后引导宾语从句时；c.引导同位语从句时。
*I wonder if/whether the boss will give me a leave.
我想知道，老板会不会给我放假。
*Whether you will succeed or not depends on your self-confidence.
你是否会成功取决于你的自信。
*The climbers showed their doubt whether they could get over the mountain before the dark.
登山队员们对他们在天黑之前能否翻过那座山表示怀疑。
(3)as if/though、because引导的名词性从句
as if/though、because在从句中不作任何句子成分，分别意为“因为”“好像”。
①as if/though主要置于系动词look、 seem、 sound、 be、 become等后面，引导表语从句。
②because主要置于be动词之后，引导表语从句。
*It seems as if it is going to rain.
看起来好像要下雨了。
*That is because she is not here.
那是因为她不在这里。
2．连接代词引导的名词性从句
连接代词 用法
what 意为“什么；……的事物”，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
whatever 意为“任何(事物)”，相当于anything that，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语
连接代词 用法
who 意为“谁”，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whoever 意为“任何人”，相当于anyone who，在名词性从句中作主语或宾语
whom 意为“谁”，在名词性从句中作宾语
连接代词 用法
whomever 意为“无论谁”，在名词性从句中作宾语
whose 意为“谁的”，在名词性从句中主要作定语，表示所属关系
which 意为“哪一个”，在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语，表示有范围的选择
whichever 意为“无论哪个”，在名词性从句中可作主语、宾语或定语，表示有范围的选择
*It is too early to judge which team will win the match.
判断哪一个队会赢还为时过早。
*What the west of China needs are more volunteers to make careers in education.
中国西部需要更多的志愿者在教育上去做出成绩。
*China is no longer what it used to be.
中国不再是过去的那个样子了。
3．连接副词引导的名词性从句
引导名词性从句的连接副词有when、 whenever、 where、 wherever、 why、 how等，均在从句中作状语。
*Do you know when he came back last night
你知道他昨晚什么时候回来的吗？
*Why they have got away from home is not known.
他们为什么远离家乡不清楚。
*The problem is when and where we can find such an expert.
问题就是，我们何时何地去找这样一位专家。
*I have no idea where John has gone.
我不知道约翰去了哪里。
4．it代替名词性从句
(1)it作形式主语，代替主语从句
①It＋be＋形容词＋从句．；
②It＋be＋名词(词组)＋从句．；
③It＋be＋过去分词＋从句．；
④It＋不及物动词(短语)(seem、 appear、 occur to sb.、happen等)＋从句．
(2)it作形式宾语，代替宾语从句
①Sb.find/feel/think/consider/make/believe＋it＋宾语补足语(形容词或名词)＋从句．
②Sb.like/dislike/hate/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句．
③Sb.see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句．
④Sb.take it for granted/owe it to...＋从句．
*It is decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday.
已经确定了会议被推迟到下周一。
*He finds it hard to adapt to the new surroundings.
他发现很难适应新的环境。
技巧点拨
PART
02
第二部分
“两步”突破名词性从句
第一步：识别名词性从句的种类
1．首先确定主句的谓语动词，确定主句的主谓结构。
2．分析从句在主句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
第二步：分析从句结构，确定从句引导词
确定从句的结构和意义是否完整，结合句意填写适当的连接词。
1．若从句结构完整，用从属连词：陈述事实用that；表示疑问“是否”用if或whether。
2．若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，则考虑用连接代词。
3．若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(if, whether, because, as if等)的用法及that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
专题训练
PART
03
第三部分
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1．We must find out ____________ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
句意：我们必须弄清卡尔什么时间来，那样我们可以给他定一个房间。根据句意可知填when。
when
2．The manager put forward a suggestion ____________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
句意：经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。suggestion后是同位语从句，从句的结构和意义均完整，故用that引导。
3．____________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
句意：我们如何理解事情和我们的感受有很大的关系。主语从句中缺少的是表示“如何”的方式状语，所以这里使用how引导。
that
How
4．You can never imagine ____________ great difficulty he had solving the problem.
句意为：你无法想象他解决这个问题有多么困难。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”；分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，该从句是一个感叹句，结构为“what＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语”。故填what。
what
5．The problem with building the factory is __________ we don't have enough money.
句意：建工厂的难题是我们没有足够的钱。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且从句意思表达完整，不缺成分。故用连接词that。
that
6．He is more of a talker than a doer，which is __________ he often gives up halfway.
句意：与其说他是一个实干者，不如说他是一个空谈者，这就是为什么他经常半途而废。空处引导表语从句，且表示“为什么”，故填why。
why
7．—I wonder ____________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
句意：——我想知道这么多年来玛丽是怎样保持身材的。——通过每天锻炼。根据答语中的“By working out every day”，可知问句问方式，所以用how引导宾语从句。
how
8．Without his support, we wouldn't be ____________ we are now.
考查表语从句。句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。根据句意可知，设空处意为“情形，情况，形势”，应用where引导。
where
9．By boat is the only way to get here, which is ____________ we arrived.
考查表语从句。句意：坐船是到达这里的唯一方式，我们就是坐船到达这里的。which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中设空处引导的是表语从句，结合语境和By boat可知，此处表达到达这里的方式，所以要用how引导。
how
10．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ____________she was heading.
句意：简漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方。根据句子结构可知knowing后面是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知此处应填疑问副词。
where
Ⅱ.语法填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1．________ worries my classmate Mary a lot these days is 2.________ she puts on too much weight and she is frequently ill.She has some doubts 3.________ she eats too much fast food high in fat or sugar.Also，with the college entrance examination approaching，she becomes more stressful and she can't sleep well these days.Maybe this is 4.________ she becomes fatter these days，she thinks. 5.________ she
What
that
whether
why
How
becomes slimmer and healthier has been her main task.So she wants to consult some experts and gain some instructions.But where she could get better suggestions and 6.________ will give her better advice also puzzle her.It is her parents' suggestion 7.________ she should consult Professor Wang in Zhongshan Hospital.Professor Wang suggests 8.________she keep a balanced diet first.She should eat vegetables and fruit high in fiber，vitamin and protein.What's more，if she wants to lose weight，she had
who
that
that
better take regular exercise more than half an hour a day.Mary asked Professor Wang 9.________ she should take exercise.Professor Wang advised her to take exercise at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.That is 10.________ she will have more time to do sports.It is with the help of Professor Wang that Mary has become much healthier now.
when
because