2025届九年级初三 中考英语二轮复习 语法专题
被动语态 考点总结
①被动语态的结构
be+动词的过去分词,即be done
具体形式有:
(1)一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词done
(2)一般过去时:was/were+过去分词done
(3)一般将来时:shall/will+be+过去分词done
(4)现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词done
(5)过去进行时:was/were+being+过去分词done
(6)现在完成时:has/have+been+过去分词done
(7)过去完成时:had+been+过去分词done
(8)将来完成时:shall/will+have been+过去分词done
(9)过去将来时:should/would+be+过去分词done
(10)过去将来完成时:should/would+have been+过去分词done
(11)含有情态动词:should/can/may/must+be +过去分词done
句型用法:
1.肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by...)
The window was cleaned by him.
2.否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...)
The battery wasn’t charged yesterday.
3.一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by...)
Was the package posted
4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by...)
Who was the flying disk invented by
主动语态转换为被动语态的步骤:
步骤1:把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动句中的主语。
步骤2:原主动句中的主语,如有必要,转换成宾格形式,放在介词by之后,如无必要,可省略。
步骤3:把动词的主动形式改为被动形式,即“be+过去分词”。
步骤4:其他成分(定语、状语)不变,句子的时态不变。
The naughty child broke the window yesterday. 主动句
定语 主语 谓语 宾语 状语
The window was broken by the naughty child yesterday. 被动句
主语 谓语 by+施动者 状语
②被动语态的用法
1) 不知道或不必提及动作的执行者,常用被动语态。
Three people were injured in the accident.
2) 强调动作的承受者,将承受者作为谈话的中心时,常用被动语态。这类句子常有一个 by 引导的短语说明动作的执行者,有时也可没有。
This poem was written by Whitman.
3) 动作的执行者很模糊(如 people,one 等),常用被动语态。
The letter has been opened.
4) 出于礼貌,避免说出动作的执行。有时出于礼貌,不便提到动作的执行者,此时用被动语态。动作的执行者有可能是别人也有可能是自己。
The window was broken this morning.
5) 当动作执行者不是人时,一般用被动语态。
The window was blown open by wind.
③被动语态的考点注意
1.当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。
This kind of cloth washes well.
The doors in this supermarket shut automatically.
2.某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词是不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。
My advice proved to be wrong.
3.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等,以主动形式表示被动意义。
It turns out to be wrong.
4. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。
The question is difficult to answer.
It's a difficult book to read.
5.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义。
I want to get something to read.
【注】:如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式。
比较:I have something to type.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)
6.在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。
The plants want watering every day.
【注】① 以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义。
This sentence needs explaining/to be explained.
7.易错点:在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear 等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加上介词to。
The great news made her feel happy.
被动形式:She was made to feel happy by the great news.
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
被动形式:A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
例题巩固:
1. When I was young, I ________by my grandparents.
A. look after B. looked after C. am looked after D. was looked after
2.The old lady ____ the hospital in time at last.
A.is taken to B.took to C.was taken to
3.Basketball________ in 1891. Then in 1936 in Berlin, it became an event at the Olympics.
A.plays B.is played C.was played D.played
1.【答案】D
【解析】句意:当我小的时候,我是由祖父母照顾的。
考查一般过去时被动语态。look after一般现在时;looked after一般过去时;am looked after一般现在时被动语态;was looked after一般过去时被动语态。when引导时间状语从句,从句中was是一般过去时,主句也用一般过去时。主句中by my grandparents是被动语态的标志词,所以此空格应填一般过去时被动语态,故选D。
2.【答案】C
【解析】句意:那位老妇人最后被及时送往医院。
考查一般过去时被动语态。is taken to一般现在时被动语态;took to一般过去时;was taken to一般过去时被动语态。根据句子结构,主语old lady与谓语动词take之间是被动关系,且“被及时送往医院”这个事情发生在过去,所以此空应填一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构。主语old lady是单数,所以空格处填was taken to。故选C。
3.【答案】C
【解析】句意:篮球运动于1891年开始。然后在1936年的柏林,它成为了奥运会的一个项目。
考查被动语态。plays玩,动词三单;is played被玩,一般现在时的被动结构;was played被玩,一般过去时的被动结构;played玩,过去式;根据句意理解可知,句子主语与动词之间是被动关系,所以应该用被动结构,所以排除A/ D选项,再由句中的时间in 1891可知,这里应该用过去时的被动,结构是“was/ were+过去分词”;故选C。