WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
witness
【归纳】witness既可作动词也可作名词。
★作动词时，意为：①亲眼看见，目击；②见证，是……发生的地点（或时间等）。
★作名词时，意为：①目击者，见证人；②证人；③证明，证据。如：
Several students claim to have witnessed the attack.
This university has witnessed quite a few changes over the years.
Recent years have witnessed the decline of the steel industry.
One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk.
The judge asked the witness to speak louder.
His ragged clothes were witness to his poverty.
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 我是他们吵架时的目击者。
________________________________________________________
2. 我们亲眼见到本世纪最重要的科学进展。
________________________________________________________
参考答案
witness
【即学即练】
1. I was a witness to their quarrel.
2. We were witnessin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g the most important scientific development of the century.
view
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳view的意思及用法。
1. This book will give you a general view of the world war.
2. I wonder if this will meet your views.
3. If you stand here you’ll get a better view.
4. She stopped to admire the view.
5. They viewed his actions as a betrayal.
6. We will go and view the house before we buy it.
7. The police viewed the scene of the crime.
【自我归纳】
view作名词时，意为：① 印象，综观，一览（句1）；② 目的，意图（句2）；③ 视力，视野（句3）；④ 风景（句4）。
view作动词时，意为：① 认为，看待 （句5）；② 查看，察看（房子等以便购买或租用）（句6）；③ ________（句7）。
【拓展】含view的常用短语：
come in / into view 进入视野中 in one’s view据某人看来
in view of sth. 鉴于，由于，考虑到 point of view观点，看法
have sth. in view 头脑中对某事物有清楚的概念﹑打算﹑计划等
view ... as ... 把……看作……，把……视为……
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. We can view the problem in many ways.
__________________________________________________
2. After we had sailed for an hour, an island came into view.
__________________________________________________
参考答案
view
【即学即练】看，观察
【即学即练】
1. 我们可以从多方面看待这个问题。
2. 我们航行了一小时之后，一座小岛进入了视野。
acknowledge
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳acknowledge的意思及用法。
1. As soon as the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) result of the vote was announced, Mr. Smith acknowledged defeat.
2. The young man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )acknowledged stealing / having stolen my mobile phone.
3. He refused to acknowledge that he was defeated.
4. Dr. Yuan is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) acknowledged to be / as one of the greatest scientists in the world.
5. I would be gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ateful if you would acknowledge receipt of this letter.
6. His long servic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to the company was acknowledged with a gold watch.
7. I met her in to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn but she didn’t even acknowledge me when I raised my hat.
【自我归纳】
acknowledge作动词，主要含义和用法有：
★________，后跟名词或代词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（句1），后跟动名词（句2），后跟that从句（句3），用于被动结构：be acknowledged ________ ... 被承认是……（句4）；告知收悉（句5）；________，（句6）；答理，对……打招呼（句7）。
【拓展】acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢；确认通知
【即学即练】将acknowledge英文释义的代码填在每个句子后面的括号内。
a. to accept or admit
b. to tell sb. that you have received something from them
c. to publicly announce that you are grateful for
d. to show that you have noticed sb. by smiling, waving, etc.
1. When I said hel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lo to him with a smile, he didn’t acknowledge me. ( )
2. Unfortunately, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we cannot acknowledge all the letters we receive. ( )
3. We must n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot fail to acknowledge his services to our school. ( )
4. Henry is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cknowledged to be the best player in the basketball team. ( )
参考答案
acknowledge
【自我归纳】承认；to be / as；表示感谢
【即学即练】1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a
set out
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意并归纳set out的意思及用法。
1. Ben has achieved what he set out to do three years ago.
2. We set out at six and hoped to arrive before dark.
3. The officer set out the reasons for his decision in his report.
4. We’ll need to set out chairs for the meeting.
【归纳】set out是短语动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，意为：①开始做，着手进行（后常接不定式作宾语）（句1）；②出发，动身（句2）；③陈述，阐明（句3）；④摆好，摆设，布置（句4）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. We set out to find the truth behind the mystery.
________________________________________________________
2. When setting o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut on a long walk, Hank always wears suitable boots.
________________________________________________________
参考答案
set out
【即学即练】
1. 我们开始着手寻找谜团背后的真相。
2. 每次出发远行，汉克都要穿合适的鞋子。GRAMMAR
名词性从句高考考点点拨
名词性从句是高考重要考点。高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在正确选择从句的连接词上。下面我们通过高考真题了解常见名词性从句连接词的用法。
考点一：主语从句
【考例】
用适当的连接词填空。
1. ________ we under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (北京2015)
2. ________ the delay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed flight will take off depends much on the weather. (陕西2014)
3. I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. (天津2014)
4. Everyone i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time. (湖南2012)
【点拨】
1. How。设空处引导主语从句，且由题意（我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系）可知，设空处在从句中作方式状语，故填How。
2. When。设空处引导主语从句，且由题意（延误的航班何时将起飞取决于天气）可知，设空处在从句中作时间状语，故填When。
3. what。设空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，且由表语the colours he uses可知，设空处指物，故填what。
4. whether。It在此是形式主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，故设空处引导主语从句，且由for a short or a long time可知，应填whether。
考点二：宾语从句
【考例】
用适当的连接词填空。
1. I truly believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e ________ beauty comes from within. (北京2015)
2. If you swim in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a river or lake, be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. (浙江2015)
3. —I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day. (福建2015)
4. You have t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
(湖南2015)
【点拨】
1. that。设空处引导宾语从句，且从句结构及意义均完整，故填that。
2. what。设空处引 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，且由Often there are rocks ... in the water可知，设空处指物，故填what。
3. how。设空处引导宾语从句，且由By working out every day可知，设空处表方式，故填how。
4. where。设空处引导宾语从句， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )且由plan the best way of getting there可知，设空处表地点，故填where。
考点三：表语从句
【考例】
用适当的连接词填空。
1. A ship in harbor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is safe, but that’s not ________ ships are built for. (安徽2015)
2. The best momen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal. (北京2014)
【点拨】
1. what。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作for的宾语，故填what。
2. when。设空处引导表语从句，由The best moment可知，设空处表时间，故填when。
考点三：同位语从句
【考例】
用适当的连接词填空。
1. — Is it true that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday
—Yeah, but I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no idea ________ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities.
(重庆2014)
2. The only way to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. (浙江2013)
【点拨】
1. why。设空处引导同位语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句，解释idea的具体内容，由that’s one of his favorite universities可知，设空处表原因，故填why。
2. that。设空处引导同位语从句，解释belief的具体内容，且从句结构和意义均完整，故填that。
说明：以上所选高考真题形式有所改动。
【即学即练】
I. 写出下面句子中所包含的名词性从句的类型。
1. To this day, it’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s unclear whether he shot himself or was murdered. ________
2. What we’ll do is l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eave a note for Mum to tell her that we won’t be back till late. ________
3. My proudest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) moment was when I received the poetry prize. ________
4. Audrey remembere ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d her promise to her father that she would work harder. ________
II. 用适当的连接词填空。
1. My happiest mome ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt was ________ I received my salary for the first time.
2. Ann remembered he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r promise to her friend ________ she would be punctual.
3. What we’ll do is le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave a note for Mum to tell her ________ we won’t be back till late.
4. It’s not clear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ Carl has done all the work himself or has had any assistance.
III. 根据括号中的汉语提示，完成下面句子。
1. ___________________ (现在我们需要的) is not a promise but action.
2. I don’t know ___________________ (为什么他又来晚了).
3. ___________________ (我们有必要完成这项任务) by National Day
4. ___________________ (据报道) nobody was injured or killed in the fire.
5. ___________________ (无论谁最后离开) should turn off all the lights.
6. They didn’t like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my suggestion that ___________________ (我们一起分担费用).
IV. 用所学语法知识完成下面短文。
Here are some keys to attracting healthy relationships:
Know what you want.
1. ________ every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one should want is to be treated with kindness and respect. Write down the qualities of the person you want to attract and get clear on 2. ________ you want.
Know you’re lovable and worthy.
One of the reasons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) why people find themselves in bad relationships is 3. ________ they don’t think they deserve love and respect. It’s believed 4. ________ people with low self-esteem will attract other people with low self-esteem. So you need to start loving yourself and know 5. ________ you deserve happy, strong, loving, respectful relationships.
Love your own company.
There is a rule 6. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ you need to love yourself enough to prefer being alone rather than in a bad relationship. If you love yourself, you will find being with yourself is more enjoyable than being with people who don’t treat you well.
参考答案
I. 1. 主语从句 2. 主语从句；宾语从句 3. 表语从句 4. 同位语从句
II. 1. when 2. that 3. that 4. whether
III.
1. What we need now 2. why he came late again
3. Is it neces ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sary that we (should) complete the task 4. It was reported that
5. Whoever leaves last 6. we (should) all share the cost
IV. 1. What ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. what 3. that 4. that 5. that 6. thatSENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Millions ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of people watched that first moon landing on television, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how difficult and dangerous an adventure it was, and what risks had to be taken. (P58)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是“主语（Millions ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of people）+谓语（watched）+宾语（that first moon landing）”结构。
③their hearts in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) their mouths是“名词+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构，在句中作状语；aware of ... be taken是形容词短语作状语，其中how和what分别引导宾语从句，并列作介词of的宾语。
【句意】数以百万计的人们从电视上观看了首次登月，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次登月是多么艰难多么危险，以及要冒多么大的风险。
【仿写】人们从电视上看着战士们解救地震受难者，他们的心提到了嗓子眼，因为他们十分清楚这次任务是多么危险。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. All three ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )astronauts made it safely back to Earth, using a spaceship computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. (P58)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句主干为All three ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) astronauts made it safely back to Earth。using a spaceship computer是动词-ing形式短语作________状语；computer后接that引导的________从句，在该从句中过去分词短语used by the average school students today作后置定语修饰ones。
【句意】三个宇航员都安全返回地球，他们当年在太空飞船上使用的计算机远不及现在普通学生使用的电脑功能强大。
【仿写】利用前几天刚买到的指南针，那三个学生顺利走出了森林。
______________________________________________________________________________
3. Sadly, she neve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r came back to her classroom again, as the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida and all seven astronauts were killed. (P58)
【分析】
①这是一个主从复合句。
②主句为she never came back to her classroom again。
③as引导________从句。从句由and连接的两个并列分句the shuttle exploded just over a minute after taking off in Florida和all seven astronauts were killed构成。
【句意】可悲的是她再也没有回到她的课堂，航天飞机在佛罗里达起飞一分多钟后就爆炸了，七名宇航员全部遇难。
【仿写】我早早上床睡觉了，因为我很累。
______________________________________________________________________________
4. When I heard, a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) few weeks later, that the bodies of the astronauts and even the teacher’s lesson plans had been found at the bottom of the ocean, I was not so sure it was worth it at all. (P59)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句；
②I was not so sure是主句，sure后是省略了that的宾语从句；
③When I heard ... the ocean是时间状语从句，其中又包含一个that引导的从句，作________的宾语。
【句意】几个星期后，当我听说那几位宇航员的遗体以及那位老师的教案在大洋底部被找到的时候，我不再确信这一切是值得的。
【仿写】几个月后，当我听说马克失去了他的所有财产时，我不再确信他的投资是值得的。
______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【仿写】People watched ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the soldiers rescuing the victims of the earthquake on TV, their hearts in their mouths, aware of how dangerous a task it was.
2.【分析】方式；定语
【仿写】The three stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts made it safely through the forest, using the compass that was bought the other day.
3.【分析】原因状语
【仿写】I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.
4.【分析】heard
【仿写】When I heard, a fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w months later, that Mark had lost all of his wealth, I was not so sure his investment was worth it at all.
