SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下列句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Just when I got ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )used to it, I found another variety on a trip to Hunan: deep-fried choudoufu, a horrible black substance that looked and smelled about as appetising as a burnt tennis shoe. (P30)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句；
②主句的主干是I fou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd another variety; on a trip to Hunan作状语，deep-fried choudoufu作another variety的同位语，a horrible black substance又作deep-fried choudoufu的同位语，其后接that引导的________从句；
③when引导时间状语从句。
【句意】就在我刚刚适应了它的味道时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，我在去湖南的一次旅行中又发现了另外一种（臭豆腐）：油炸臭豆腐，一种令人恐怖的黑乎乎的东西，看起来、闻起来都像是一只烧焦了的网球鞋。
【仿写】就在我打算离开的时候，我在角落里发现了一个奇怪的东西：一个用白布盖着的盒子。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. It didn’t actu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ally taste bad, but to me the cold fish, cold cheese, and even the bread from the fridge, was a meal that would make you feel cold inside. (P31)
【分析】
①本句是由but连接的并列复合句。
②在but后面的分句中，____ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____是主语，a meal是表语，其后that引导的是________从句，其中feel cold inside作________语。
【句意】饭的味道确实不错，但是对我来说，冰冷的鱼、冰冷的奶酪、甚至是从冰箱里刚拿
出来的面包，这些都是让人吃得透心凉的饭食。
【仿写】乡下很美，空气很新鲜，但是对我来说，蚊子和蚂蚁成了难以忍受的问题。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3. It seemed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms. (P31)
【分析】
①本句是一个由and连接的并列复合句；
②and前的分句中含有seem to be ... 结构，意为“看起来好像是……”；
③and后的分句中使用了强调句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )型，被强调部分是时间状语从句only after I had tasted it；其中，I knew是省略了that的宾语从句。
【句意】看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下后才知道那实际上是用蘑菇做的。
【仿写】看上去那只是一棵普通的树，在专家们对这棵树进行研究后，人们才知道它实际上是一百年前种植的。
_______________________________________________________________________________
4. But one thing I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do admire is the polite manner in which British people eat, even if it is just a potato. (P31)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句的主干为：主语（one thing）+ 系动词（is）+ 表语（the polite manner）。
③ I do admir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e和in which British people eat是________，分别修饰one thing和the polite manner; even if it is just a potato是________从句。
④ 在I do admire中，助动词do用来加强语气。in a(n) ... manner意为“以……方式”。
【句意】但是让我非常钦佩的是英国人吃饭的举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。
【仿写】在舞会上玛丽的表现很粗鲁，这的确给我留下了不好的印象。
_______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】定语
【仿写】Just when I wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s going to leave, I found a strange thing in the corner: a box that was covered with a piece of white cloth.
2.【分析】the cold fish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), cold cheese, and even the bread from the fridge; 定语；宾语补足
【仿写】The countryside ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was beautiful and the air was fresh, but to me mosquitoes and ants became a problem that I couldn’t stand.
3.【仿写】It seemed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be just an ordinary tree and it was only after experts studied it that people knew it was actually planted 100 years ago.
4.【分析】定语从句；让步状语
【仿写】Mary behaved in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rude manner at the dance that day, which did give me a bad impression of her.GRAMMAR
定语从句高考考点点拨
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
【考例】用适当的关系词完成下面句子。
1. The books on the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. (四川2015)
2. China Today attrac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. (福建2015)
3. Please send us all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
(陕西2014)
4. Among the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
(江西2014)
5. Happiness and su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ccess often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. (湖南2013)
【点拨】
1. whose。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词books，且设空处在从句中作covers的定语，故填whose。
2. which。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
3. that。设空处引导限制性定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句，修饰先行词information（指物），且在从句中作have的宾语，又因先行词information被all修饰，故填that。
4. that / which。设 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词dangers（指物），且在从句中作face的宾语，故填that / which。
5. who。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those（指人），且在从句中作主语，故填who。
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
【考例】用适当的关系副词完成下面句子。
1. The boss of the com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pany is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. (天津2015)
2. I didn’t b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ecome a serious climber until the fifth grade, ________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. (浙江2014)
【点拨】
1. where。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，且在从句中作状语，表抽象的地点，故填where。
2. when。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词fifth grade，且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
考点三：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
【考例】用“介词+关系代词”完成下面句子。
1. Some expe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rts think reading is the fundamental skill ________ school education depends.
(安徽2015)
2. When I arrived, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Bryan took me to see the house ________ I would be staying.
(2013新课标全国卷II)
3. Have you sent th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ank-you notes to the relatives ________ you received gifts (上海2012)
【点拨】
1. on / upon whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词skill，且在从句中作状语，故填on / upon which。
2. in which。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词house, 且在从句中作地点状语，故填in which。
3. from whom。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词relatives（指人），且在从句中作状语，故填from whom。
说明：以上所选高考真题形式有所改动。
【即学即练】
I. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1. We have visited t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he Museum of Chinese History, ________ Premier Zhou’s life and deeds are being shown.
2. I don’t know th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e reason ________ she didn’t agree to our study plan.
3. I began to work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in Beijing in the year ________ the 29th Olympic Games took place there.
4. The child __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ parents died in the air crash is now living with his aunt.
5. The doctor, ________ is treating for your heart trouble, is a relative of mine.
II. 用适当的关系词完成下面对话。
Julia and Lucy work i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the same office. They are having dinner together.
Julia: I think I know the man 1. ________ is sitting in the corner.
Lucy: Do you m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ean the man 2. ________ is eating spaghetti We met him two weeks ago at the office party.
Julia: Oh yeah, now I remember. How is your meal
Lucy: Look at this. The steak 3. ________ I ordered is over-cooked.
Julia: The chef 4. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ prepared your meal must be new. I’ll tell the waiter. I have to ask for another knife anyway. The one 5. ________ he gave me is dirty.
III. 用适当的关系词完成下面短文。
London, the capital ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of Great Britain, is an exciting city. Nearly a third of the people living in London today are young families, most of 1. ________ earn good money which gives them a lot of freedom and independence.
Thousands of men and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) women live in towns and villages around the capital and work in London. The traffic 2. ________ goes on even during the night never seems to stop. Many foreigners find it hard to get used to the noise and the high pace of life there.
Soho is the main centr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e for foreign restaurants. It dates back to the 17th century, 3. ________ some French Huguenots (法国基督教新教徒) who had not been allowed to practice their protestant religion in France escaped to England and made their home in Soho.
Perhaps you may no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t know that London, 4. ________ a diverse range of peoples live, has a history of nearly two thousand years. The Romans 5. ________ landed in Britain in the first century made London an important port. London, 6. ________ is today one of the largest cities in the world, has developed from this small Roman town called Londinium.
Lucy: Ugh! We have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not been having very good luck! We won’t come here again!
参考答案
I. 1. where 2. why 3. when 4. whose 5. who
II. 1. who / that 2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). who / that 3. which / that 4. who / that 5. that / which
III. 1. whom 2. which / that 3. when 4. where 5. who / that 6. whichWORDS & EXPRESSIONS
owe
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳owe的意思及用法。
1. How much do we owe you (for the tickets)
2. The companies owe as much as $200 billion to foreign lenders.
3. We owe our parents a lot. / We owe a lot to our parents.
4. We owe this discovery to Newton.
5. Patrick owed his success to luck.
【自我归纳】owe是动词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为：① 欠（债、钱）（常用于owe sb. sth.（for sth.）或owe sth. ________ sb.结构）（句1、句2）；② 欠（情）（常用于owe sb. sth. 或owe sth. to sb. 结构）（句3）；③ 归功于，归因于（常用于owe sth. to sb. / sth. 结构）（句4、句5）。
【拓展】owing to意为“由于”。如：
Owing to a lack of funds, the project will not continue next year.
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 我认为得有人向我们道歉。
____________________________________________________
2. 他将他的成功归功于勤奋工作。
____________________________________________________
3. 由于天气恶劣，我们的班机延误了。
____________________________________________________
参考答案
owe
【自我归纳】to
【即学即练】
1. I think we’re owed an apology.
2. He owes his success to hard work.
3. Our flight was delayed owing to the bad weather.
taste
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意并归纳taste的意思及用法。
1. I don’t like the taste of this cheese.
2. I’ve got a cold and so I have no taste.
3. Just have a taste of this cake!
4. Mary has a taste for foreign travel.
5. Henry has very good taste in music.
6. Kate tasted the soup to see if she had put enough salt in it.
7. The milk I bought yesterday doesn’t taste right.
【归纳】★taste作名词时，意为： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )①味道（句1）；②味觉（句2）；③（品尝的）少量食物或饮料（句3）；④爱好，嗜好（句4）；⑤鉴赏力（常用搭配：have … taste in sth.）（句5）。
★taste作动词时，意为：①品，尝（句6）；②尝起来（作系动词，后常接形容词作表语）（句7）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 我不喜欢大蒜的味道。
___________________________________________
2. 在服装方面，我妹妹的鉴赏力和我完全不同。
___________________________________________
3. 彼得的院子里种植的葡萄尝起来很可口。
___________________________________________
参考答案
taste
【即学即练】
1. I don’t like the taste of garlic.
2. My sister’s taste in dresses is contrary to mine.
3. The grapes planted in Peter’s yard taste delicious.
end up
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳end up的意思及用法。
1. The manager finally ended up his speech.
2. If you continue to drive like that, you’ll end up dead.
3. If you don’t watc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h the road more carefully, you’ll end up having an accident.
4. Much of this meat will probably end up as dog food.
5. If you go on doing that kind of thing, you’ll end up in prison.
【自我归纳】
end up是短语动词，意为“__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______”，后接名词作宾语（句1）；后接_________作状语，（句2）；后接动词-ing形式作状语（句3）；后接_________作状语（句4、句5）。
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 罗伯特工作很努力，最后成了公司的经理。
Robert worked ver ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y hard, and he ____ ____ (as) manager of the company.
2. 尽管他努力了，最后还是没有成功。
In spite of his efforts, he ____ ____ ____ after all.
3. 如果你不避开那场火灾，到头来你会被烧伤。
You will ____ ____ ____ burnt if you don’t keep away from the fire.
4. 令我们非常惊奇的是，汤姆最后得了一等奖。
Much to our surprise, Tom ____ ____ ____ first prize.
参考答案
end up
【自我归纳】结束；形容词；介词短语
【即学即练】 1. ende ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d up 2. ended up unsuccessful 3. end up getting / being 4. ended up with
make out
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-c中找出与1-3中的make out相符合的中文释义。
1. Please make out a bill for these goods.
2. The poem is so complicated that I cannot make out its meaning.
3. I could see a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) figure in the distance, but I couldn’t make out who it was.
a. 看清楚，看出，辨识 b. 理解，明白 c. 开（账单、收据等）
【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可以知道make out的中文释义分别为：1 → ________；2 → ________；3 → ________。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. I’m sorry I can’t quite make out what you mean.
______________________________________________________
2. They could hardly make out where the road was in the darkness.
______________________________________________________
参考答案
make out
【自我归纳】c; b; a
【即学即练】
1. 很抱歉，我不大懂你的意思。
2. 黑暗中他们难以辨认路在哪里。
manner
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳manner的意思及用法。
1. The child liste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned to his mother’s stories in an interested manner.
2. When the guest entered his house, his manner was polite but cool.
3. It is bad manners to talk with your mouth full.
4. I want a book about the life and manners of Victorian London.
【自我归纳】
manner用作名词，意为：① 方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式，方法，常与介词in搭配（句1）；② ______（句2）。manner还可意为“礼貌，礼仪（句3）；习俗（句4）”，这时常用其复数形式。
【即学即练】根据括号内所给汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. When I came acr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oss her, she greeted me ______ ______ ______ ______（友好地）.
2. People who ______ ______ ______（有教养的） are polite and considerate to others.
参考答案
manner
【自我归纳】举止，态度
【即学即练】
1. in a friendly manner
2. have good manners
