阅读理解之说明文
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训
【基础题】
A
Harbin, a city known for its icy wonders, is getting ready for a big event. The 9th Asian Winter Games will be held there from February 7th to February 14th, 2025. Athletes (运动员) from all over Asia will gather to show their skills in different winter sports.
Wonderful Medals
The medals for the competitions are called “Spirit of Speed”. The front of the medals has a picture of a fast track and the logo of the 9th Asian Winter Games. It looks like the athletes are moving quickly and smoothly. The design shows how strong and beautiful sports are. The back of the medal has a beautiful picture of Yabuli. It has mountains and forests that such as the Greater and Lesser Khingan mountains. This shows how wonderful and full of nature Heilongjiang is.
Cute Mascots (吉祥物)
The two mascots, Siberian tiger “Binbin” and “Nini”, are inspired (赋予灵感) by two lovely Siberian tiger cubs (幼仔) born in Harbin in September 2023. Binbin loves ice skating, so he wears ice skates and a red scarf. Nini, enjoys snowboarding and always has a big smile on her face. Their names, which mean “Harbin Welcomes You” reflect their warm welcome to everyone attending the event.
Exciting Events to Watch
There will be 64 exciting events in total. Thirty one percent of the events will make their first appearance at the games. These include speed skating, short track speed skating, and even ski mountaineering. Athletes from 34 countries and regions will compete, and some new faces, like Cambodia and Saudi Arabia, will be joining in the fun. Over 6, 000 volunteers, mostly college students from Harbin, will be there to help ensure everything goes smoothly.
It’s going to be a winter filled with excitement, friendship, and amazing sports.
1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A．Harbin’s icy wonders.
B．The introduction of Harbin.
C．The 9th Asian Winter Games will be held in Harbin.
D．Athletes’ preparation for the Asian Winter Games.
2．What can we know about the design of the medals
A．They are inspired by two lovely Siberian tiger cubs.
B．The back of the medals shows the logo.
C．The front of the medals has a picture of a slow — moving athlete.
D．The design shows the speed and strength of the sports.
3．Which of the following is the mascot “Nini”
A． B．
C． D．
4．How many new events will there be about at the 9th Asian Winter Games
A．12. B．20. C．31. D．64.
5．What can we learn about the events from the passage
A．Cambodia is the first time to join in the events.
B．All the events have been held before at the games.
C．Athletes from all over the world will compete in the events.
D．Over 6, 000 college students from 34 countries will be the volunteers.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A
【难度】0.85
【知识点】国际赛事、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了第九届亚洲冬季运动会将于2025年2月7日至2月14日在哈尔滨举行，介绍了奖牌的设计、吉祥物以及比赛项目等内容。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Harbin, a city known for its icy wonders, is getting ready for a big event. The 9th Asian Winter Games will be held there from February 7th to February 14th, 2025. Athletes (运动员) from all over Asia will gather to show their skills in different winter sports.”可知，本段主要介绍了第九届亚洲冬季运动会将在哈尔滨举行。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The front of the medals has a picture of a fast track and the logo of the 9th Asian Winter Games. It looks like the athletes are moving quickly and smoothly. The design shows how strong and beautiful sports are.”可知，奖牌的设计显示了运动的速度和力量。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The two mascots, Siberian tiger “Binbin” and “Nini”, are inspired (赋予灵感) by two lovely Siberian tiger cubs (幼仔) born in Harbin in September 2023. Binbin loves ice skating, so he wears ice skates and a red scarf. Nini, enjoys snowboarding and always has a big smile on her face.”可知妮妮喜欢滑雪板，是一只老虎，脸上总是挂着笑容。以及四个选项的图片可知，选项C的图片是吉祥物“妮妮”。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thirty one percent of the events will make their first appearance at the games. These include speed skating, short track speed skating, and even ski mountaineering. Athletes from 34 countries and regions will compete, and some new faces, like Cambodia and Saudi Arabia, will be joining in the fun. There will be 64 exciting events in total.”可知，第九届亚洲冬季运动会有64个项目，其中31%是首次亮相，即64×31%=19.84≈20个新项目。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Athletes from 34 countries and regions will compete, and some new faces, like Cambodia and Saudi Arabia, will be joining in the fun.”可知，柬埔寨是第一次参加这个运动会。故选A。
B
DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It’s something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason why we look like our parents. We get some of their DNA to make our own.
People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family. It’s because of small things called “genes (基因)” in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are real messages. They are written in the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell (细胞) to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the “word” in the DNA map, but we don’t understand what they all do. By understanding what just one “words” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we’ll use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs.
1．Who discovered why we look like other people in our family in 1860
A．Crick. B．Watson. C．Mr Harris. D．Mr Mendel.
2．What does the two scientists found in 1961
A．All the words in the DNA map.
B．Small things called “genes” in our body.
C．The first “word” that they could understand in that language.
D．The small parts are written in the DNA with a special language.
3．How can we help sick people if we understand more “words” in the DNA map
A．Stop them getting jobs. B．Make better medicine.
C．Tell them what to do. D．Make them attractive.
4．According to the passage, Which of the following is NOT TRUE
A．DNA tells the cell to build its parts.
B．DNA is the whole “map” of the human body.
C．We have understand what all the “words” in the DNA map do.
D．We look like our parents because of “genes” in our body.
5．What do people think of the research about DNA
A．It can be bad. B．It can be good.
C．It can be good but won’t work. D．It can be good and bad.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了DNA的发现历史，并介绍了这一发现对于人类生活的影响及人们对此的不同意见。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 1860, Mr Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family.”可知，Mendel先生在1860年发现了为什么我们长得像我们家族的其他人。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In 1961, another two scientists found the first ‘word’ that they could understand in that language.”可知，1961年，两位科学家发现用那种语言能理解的第一个“词”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people.”可知，我们可以制造更好的药物来帮助病人。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So far, scientists have found all the ‘word’ in the DNA map, but we don’t understand what they all do.”可知，科学家们已经发现了DNA地图中的所有单词，但是我们仍然不明白它们起什么作用，所以C项错误。故选C。
5．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that…”可知，人们对DNA研究的观点是有好有坏的。故选D。
C
In a US study that studied the health information of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI，体重指数) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner.
However, studies have shown that giving up dinner increases the risk of physical illness, according to Courtney Peterson, the study’s author at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
“For those who eat dinner later, their risk of obesity (肥胖) and diabetes (糖尿病) goes through the roof. While it seems breakfast is the most important meal of the day, it might actually be dinner,” she says. “Our blood sugar control is best early in the day. When we eat dinner late, that’s when we’re weak because our blood sugar is the worst.”
Researchers designed a study in which 52 women took part in a 12-week weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories (卡路里) over the day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn’t breakfast itself that caused the people who joined this study to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.
When you have been eating less and less, and the blood sugar in your body drops, your body will produce something named “cortisol (皮质醇)” that specifically has a great influence on blood sugar. But it can also create stress in the body, making you feel sad and nervous.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Which meal should be made the largest if someone wants a lower BMI
A．Breakfast. B．Lunch. C．Dinner. D．We don’t know.
2．What may Courtney Peterson agree with
A．People should have two meals every day.
B．Dinner is more important than breakfast.
C．People will develop many diseases when giving up lunch.
D．Blood sugar remains the same in the whole day.
3．What does the underlined phrase “goes through the roof” mean in the text
A．Helps. B．Improves. C．Drops. D．Increases.
4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Having breakfast is very important.
B．People should pay attention to blood sugar.
C．Giving up dinner is bad for physical health.
D．People feel nervous when they’re hungry.
5．Where is the text probably from
A．A textbook. B．A novel. C．A storybook. D．A health magazine.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D
【难度】0.85
【知识点】健康饮食、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明晚餐比早餐更重要，不吃晚餐对身体有害。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI，体重指数) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner”可知，研究人员发现，那些早餐是一天中最丰盛的一餐的人比那些午餐或晚餐吃得多的人更有可能拥有更低的体重指数。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While it seems breakfast is the most important meal of the day, it might actually be dinner”可知，Courtney Peterson认为晚餐比早餐更重要。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“When we eat dinner late, that’s when we’re weak because our blood sugar is the worst.”可知，当我们晚餐吃得晚的时候，那就是我们虚弱的时候，因为我们的血糖最差，即对于那些晚餐吃得晚的人来说，他们患肥胖症和糖尿病的风险极高，所以划线部分的含义是“增加”。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“However, studies have shown that giving up dinner increases the risk of physical illness”并通读全文可知，文章主要介绍研究表明晚餐比早餐更重要，不吃晚餐对身体有害，所以C项正确。故选C。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍研究表明晚餐比早餐更重要，不吃晚餐对身体有害，属于健康范畴。故选D。
【提升题】
A
Rob Frenette had problems with bullies (欺辱) at school for eleven years. He was often lonely and scared. When he was fifteen, however, he decided to do something about his problems. He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying. His story went into the newspaper and soon all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his experiences. They also wanted to hear his ideas to stop bullying.
After that, Rob continued his studies at school, but in his free time he helped other people with bullying problems. With a friend Katie Neu, he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.ca. Visitors to the website can find advice, stories and poems about bullying, in both English and French. When people are upset, they can talk on the phone or online to Rob and his team. Every weekend Rob has to answer e-mails to the website. He also speaks to children, teachers and members of government around the country about bullying.
Rob’s most important message is: “When bullies are unkind to you, it isn’t your fault. There’s nothing wrong with you, so you should try to keep trusting yourself. And remember that people care about your problems. You just have to find those people.”
One of Rob’s ideas is “Blue Day”, a special day for stopping bullying in schools. Students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying. More than 150 Canadian schools now celebrate Blue Day, but Rob won’t stop until there’s a Blue Day in every school in Canada.
1．How did Rob help those who suffer from bullying
A．Through newspapers B．Through TV.
C．Through a website. D．On the magazines.
2．We can learn from this passage that Rob suffered from bullying since he was ________.
A．four B．seven C．eleven D．fifteen
3．www. bullyingcanada. ca is a website where people can ________.
A．learn how to write poems B．get advice about bullying problems
C．get blue clothes for free D．practice both English and French
4．The underlined part “those people” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．people who always bullied others before
B．people who are members of the government
C．people who write e-mails about their problems
D．people who help others with bullying problems
5．What was the correct order in which these events happened
a. Rob and his friend made a website. b. Rob was bullied at school.
c. Rob created “Blue Day”. d. Rob told his story in public.
e. Rob continued his studies at school
A．b-d-e-a-c B．a-b-c-d-e C．b-a-d-e -c D．c-e -b-a-d
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】其他人、青少年问题、说明文
【导语】本文主要讲述了Rob Frenette在学校被欺凌的经历，以及他如何通过自己的努力帮助其他被欺凌的学生。
1．细节理解题。根据“but in his free time he helped other people with bullying problems. With a friend Katie Neu, he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.ca.”可知，Rob通过网站帮助那些遭受欺凌的人。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“Rob Frenette had problems with bullies (欺辱) at school for eleven years. He was often lonely and scared. When he was fifteen, however, he decided to do something about his problems.”可知，Rob在学校有过11年的受欺凌的问题，当他15岁时，决定对他的问题做些什么。可以推测Rob从4岁起就受到欺凌。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“With a friend Katie Neu, he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.ca. Visitors to the website can find advice, stories and poems about bullying, in both English and French.”可知，这是一个人们可以获得关于欺凌问题建议的网站。故选B。
4．词义猜测题。根据“When bullies are unkind to you, it isn’t your fault. There’s nothing wrong with you, so you should try to keep trusting yourself. And remember that people care about your problems. You just have to find those people”可知，当欺凌者对你不友善时，这不是你的错。你没有错，所以你应该试着继续相信自己。记住关心你问题的人们。你只需要找到那些人。所以“those people”是指帮助别人处理欺凌问题的人。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Rob Frenette had problems with bullies (欺辱) at school for eleven years. He was often lonely and scared. When he was fifteen, however, he decided to do something about his problems.”，第二段“With a friend Katie Neu, he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.ca.”，最后一段“One of Rob’s ideas is ‘Blue Day’, a special day for stopping bullying in schools.”以及“After that, Rob continued his studies at school”可知，其先后顺序是Rob Frenette受到欺辱，在公共场合讲述了他的故事，继续学业，和朋友做了一个网站以及创建“Blue Day”。故选A。
B
One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy (发霉的) food. But before you throw it away, your mother stops you. She doesn’t want to waste food. She cuts off the moldy part and eats the rest. Is it safe to do this
Most kinds of mold (霉菌) are bad for us. It can grow on almost all kinds of food. Mold is usually green, white, black or grey. Mold makes food soft and changes its color. Mold food tastes quite bad, and it’s not safe to eat.
If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Soft food, such as bread, usually contains (包含) water. This allows mold to easily grow below its surface. Bacteria (细菌) can also grow along with it.
But some kinds of mold have good influence. Some kinds of mold can be used to make food. For example, penicillia (青霉菌) can be used to make many different kinds of cheeses.
1．How does the writer lead into the topic
A．By giving an opinion. B．By listing numbers.
C．By making a comparison. D．By asking a question.
2．How does mold influence food
A．It makes food smelly. B．It makes food hard.
C．It changes food’s shape. D．It changes food’s color.
3．According to the text, when you find mold on the tomato, you should ________.
A．remove mold from it B．throw it away
C．boil it and then eat it D．cut off the moldy part
4．According to paragraph 4, what can we know about penicillia
A．They taste quite delicious. B．They can be used to make cheese.
C．They are bad for our health. D．They are more likely to grow on mold.
5．Which of the following is TRUE about mold
A．It is bad for our health. B．We can’t see it with our eyes.
C．It only grows on hard food. D．It grows more easily on soft food.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】食物、健康饮食、说明文
【导语】本文主要讲述了怎样处理发霉的食物。
1．细节理解题。由第一段“One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy food...Is it safe to do this ”可知，作者通过提出问题来引入话题。故选D。
2．细节理解题。由第二段中“Mold makes food soft and changes its color. ”可知，霉菌会让食物变软，并且改变食物的颜色。故选D。
3．细节理解题。由第三段中“If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away.”可知，如果你发现软的食物发霉了，要扔掉它。所以应该扔掉发霉的西红柿。故选B。
4．细节理解题。由第四段中“ For example, penicillia can be used to make many different kinds of cheeses.”可知，青霉菌可用来制作奶酪。故选B。
5．细节理解题。由第三段中“Soft food, such as bread, usually contains water. This allows mold to easily grow below its surface. ”可知，软的食物因为含有水分，霉菌更容易生长。故选D。
C
Photos of great red aurora borealis (极光) in parts of North China have got plenty of online attention recently. These photos were taken from May 10th to May 13th, 2024. Some lucky people enjoyed the amazing aurora during that time.
Aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, is a natural light show in the sky, most commonly seen in the high-latitude regions (高纬度地区). It is caused by the interaction between charged particles (带电粒子) from the sun and the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). The most common colors seen in the aurora are green, red, and blue.
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. An aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few humdred meters thick. As far as scientists can tell, auroras do not make any sounds that people on Earth can hear. Even so, if you live in a place where auroras can be seen, you might notice problems with your television, radio, or cell phone at times. The energy created by solar wind in the Earth’s atmosphere can get in the way of sound waves and pictures that travel through the air to your TV or radio.
Aurora borealis is truly amazing, especially the first time you see it. I hope you are able to travel to far north places to see it at least once during your lifetime. I know you will never forget it!
1．In which month did the Chinese see the great aurora borealis this year according to the text
A．The second month. B．The third month.
C．The fourth month. D．The fifth month.
2．What colors do people usually see in the aurora borealis
A．Green, yellow and blue. B．Green, red and black.
C．Green, red and blue. D．Green, red and purple.
3．What does the underlined word “atmosphere” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．大气层 B．氛围 C．资源 D．环境
4．What can we infer (推断) from the text
A．Aurora borealis isn’t far away from the earth.
B．Aurora borealis sometimes brings trouble to people.
C．Aurora borealis can be seen in all places at night.
D．Aurora borealis can make some sound that can be heard on the earth.
5．What does the writer mainly tell us in the last paragraph
A．We’d better save our own lifetime.
B．We can forget about the aurora borealis.
C．We should see the aurora borealis in person one day.
D．Traveling around the world is a good way to enjoy the aurora borealis.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识、说明文
【导语】本文主要介绍了和极光的相关信息。
1．细节理解题。根据“These photos were taken from May 10th to May 13th, 2024.”可知今天在第五个月份可以看到极光。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“The most common colors seen in the aurora are green, red, and blue.”可知在极光中最常见的颜色是绿色、红色和蓝色。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据“The energy created by solar wind in the Earth’s atmosphere can get in the way of sound waves and pictures that travel through the air to your TV or radio.”可知太阳风在地球大气层中产生的能量会阻碍声波和图片在空气中传播到你的电视或收音机，故此处划线部分意为“大气层”。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“Even so, if you live in a place where auroras can be seen, you might notice problems with your television, radio, or cell phone at times”可知如果你住在一个可以看到极光的地方，你可能会注意到你的电视、收音机或手机有时会出现问题，所以极光有时会给人们带来问题。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据“I hope you are able to travel to far north places to see it at least once during your lifetime. I know you will never forget it!”可知最后一段主要想告诉我们应该亲自去看北极光。故选C。
【拔高题】
A
An environmental group called the Food Commission is unhappy and disappointed because of the sales of bottled water from Japan. The water is angrily argues in public, has traveled 10,000 "food miles "before it reaches Western customers." transporting water halfway across the world is surely the extremely stupid use of fuel when there is plenty of water in the OK." It is also worried that we are wasting our fuel by buying prawns from Indonesia (7,000 food miles) and carrots from South Africa (5,900 food miles).
Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage done by an industry. Most food is transported around the world on container ships that are extremely energy efficient（节能）. It should be noted that a ton of butter transported 25 miles in a truck product transported hundreds of miles by sea. Besides, the idea of "food miles" ignores（无视）the amount of fuel used in the production. It is possible to cut down your food miles by buying tomatoes grown in Britain rather than those grown in Ghana; the difference is that the British one will have been raised in heated greenhouses and the Ghanaian ones in the open sun.
What the idea of "food miles" provide, however, is the chance to cut out Third World Countries from First World food markers. The number of miles traveled by our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment.
1．The Food Commission is angry because it thinks that ________.
A．UK wastes a lot of money importing food products
B．some imported goods cause environmental damage
C．growing certain vegetables causes environmental damage
D．people waste energy buying food from other countries
2．The phrase "food miles" in the passage refers to the distance _________.
A．that a food product travels to a market
B．that a food product travels from one market to another
C．between UK and other food producing countries
D．between a Third World country and a First World food market
3．By comparing tomatoes raised in Britain and in Ghana, the another tries to explain that _________.
A．British tomatoes are healthier than Ghanaian ones
B．Ghanaian tomatoes taste better than British ones
C．cutting down food miles may not necessarily save fuel
D．protecting the environment may cost a lot of money
4．Which of the following examples can NOT support the Food Commission’s idea
A．Water. B．Prawns. C．Carrots. D．Tomatoes.
5．From the passage we know that the author is most probably _________.
A．a supporter of free global trade B．a member of an energy development group
C．a member of the Food Commission D．a supporter of First World food markets
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】交通/运输、青少年问题、说明文、细节理解、推理判断、词句猜测、组织与机构
【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了一个名为食品委员会的环保团体因为日本瓶装水的销售而感到失望。水到达西方客户前已经走过了一万英里的“食物里程”，食物委员会认为运送食物是能源的一种浪费。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“An environmental group called the Food Commission is unhappy and disappointed because of the sales of bottled water from Japan. ”和第一段的最后一句“ It is also worried that we are wasting our fuel by buying prawns from Indonesia (7,000 food miles) and carrots from South Africa (5,900 food miles). ”可知，food commission生气是因为他们从浪费能源从国外进口一些商品。故选D。
2．词意猜测题。根据第二段可知，food miles 是从产品的产地到市场的距离。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句可知，作者将英国和加纳种植的西红柿作对比，表明在英国种植也是需要fuel的，并不是一定是节约fuel的。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，在英国种植西红柿也是耗费fuel的。这个与food commission的想法是相反的。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段的最后一句可知，作者是支持的全球贸易的。故选A。
B
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house How will you escape Do you know how to save yourself Please read the following passage.
Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save yourself. It is important to know the ways you can use and to show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways (楼梯) and fire escapes, but not lifts.
From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving through windows with the least chance of serious injury (伤害).
The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average(平常的) person, hanging by the finger-tips (手指尖) will have a drop of about six feet to the ground. It is about the height of an average man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building.
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed. Or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked (泄露) into the room.
On a second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those which open onto a roof (屋顶). From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement (水泥) might end in injury. Bushes and grass can help to break a fall.
1．It is important to _________.
A．put out a fire in a burning house
B．know the ways to escape a fire
C．jump out of a burning house
D．keep the door closed
2．It is possible to escape through the windows _________.
A．if you are strong enough
B．if there are some bushes on the ground
C．if you live on a lower floor
D．if you have a long rope
3．.Open the window so that _________ if the building is on fire.
A．you can get fresh air B．you can call for help
C．you can easily jump off D．you can be seen first
4．Which of the following escaping way is NOT right
A．You can escape though stairways.
B．You can Choose fire escape.
C．Escape from the windows that open on to a roof.
D．Use a lift to come down at once.
5．The best title for the passage is _________.
A．Escaping as fast as possible
B．Saving Yourself from a Burning House
C．Knowledge on Fire
D．Waiting for Help
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】方法/策略、安全守则、自我保护、说明文、细节理解、最佳标题
【分析】试题分析：这篇文章给我们介绍了在火灾中逃生的方法和注意的事项，这对我们每个人都非常重要。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Knowing what to do during a fire can save you life. It is important to know the ways you can use.可知，知道如何在火灾中逃生的方法是非常重要的。故选B
2．细节理解题。根据文章From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible.可知，如果你住的房子离地面很低，你就可以从窗户跳下去。故选C
3．细节理解题。根据文中Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked (泄露) into the room. 故选A
4．细节理解题。根据文章It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes, but not lifts.可知，可以使用楼梯，消防通道逃生，但是不能使用电梯。如果离地面很近的话，也可以从窗户跳下去。故选D
5．主旨大意题。这篇文章讲述的是在火灾中逃生的方法。故选B
考点：日常生活类短文阅读。
C
You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years Your car will change even more than that in the next 10 years.
One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive themselves. Some day you may not need to drive a car. You will just tell the car where you want to go and it will drive itself.
Google
The American company Google has been working on a self-driving automobile for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States, mainly in California.
Google cars are truly self-driving. These cars have no steering wheels(方向盘) or pedals(刹车踏板).
Last week, police ordered one of Google’s cars to stop for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not against any law, so no one was punished. But police did speak to the operators of the vehicle(车辆).
According to Google, its self-driving cars have been driven nearly 2 million kilometers. That is equal to the distance the average person drives in 90 years.
So far, no Google self-driving car has gotten a Some of them have been in accidents when other cars hit them.
Tesla
Another American company, Tesla, added an “Autopilot(自动驾驶仪)” feature to its cars last month. Tesla put the feature, a computer software program, in cars that were built after September 2014.
With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and steer by itself.
You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. Your car will slow down if the vehicle in front of you gets closer. It will turn at bends and change lanes if you use the turn signal.
Tesla Autopilot takes over driving at speeds over 29 kilometers per hour when you press a button twice. Autopilot is made for cross-country driving. It keeps you in the lane and helps you avoid hitting other cars.
Other Self-Driving Cars and Buses
Other companies such as Mercedes-Benz, Audi, BMW, Volvo and Toyota are working on self-driving cars. Another company called BestMile is also working on self-driving buses in Switzerland. The buses can hold up to nine people and will be tested for two years.
1．What is the meaning of “traffic ticket” in Chinese
A．车票。 B．油票。 C．交通罚单。 D．彩票。
2．How far does an average person drive in a year according to the passage
A．About 2 million kilometres.
B．About 22,000 kilometres.
C．About 90 million kilometres.
D．About 180 kilometres.
3．How many companies are working on self-driving vehicles in all according the passage
A．Two. B．Five. C．Eight. D．Seven.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Google cars have pedals.
B．Google cars hit some other cars.
C．All car companies in the world are working on self-driving cars.
D．There is an “Autopilot” in Tesla self-driving cars after September 2014.
5．Which of the following can be the best tittle of the passage
A．What’s your favourite car
B．Will your next car drive itself
C．What’s the best car
D．Do you need a self-driving car
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】科普知识、说明文、细节理解、主旨大意、推理判断、最佳标题
【分析】试题分析：本文叙述了电话在10年中发生了很大的变化，汽车也将会发生很大的变化：美国的谷歌汽车；特斯拉；其他自驾驶汽车和公共汽车。
1．C细节理解题。根据下文的Some of them have been in accidents when other cars hit them.可知，“traffic ticket”是交通罚单的意思。故选B。
2．B推理判断题 根据文中According to Google, its self-driving cars have been driven nearly 2 million kilometers. That is equal to the distance the average person drives in 90 years.可知，大约2万千米。故选B。
3．C主旨大意题。根据文中Other companies such as Mercedes-Benz, Audi, BMW, Volvo and Toyota are working on self-driving cars.及Another company called BestMile is also working on self-driving buses in Switzerland，还有前面的美国的谷歌汽车；特斯拉。所以，有8个公司。故选C
69.
4．D推理判断题，通读整篇短文可知，只有D是正确的。There is an “Autopilot” in Tesla self-driving cars after September 2014.在后有一个“自动驾驶仪”在特斯拉自驾驶汽车。故选D。
5．B标题归纳题。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文最好的标题是Will your next car drive itself，故答案选B。
考点：考查科普类短文阅读阅读理解之说明文
备战2025年中考英语新课标（核心素养）一轮复习之题型特训
【基础题】
A
Harbin, a city known for its icy wonders, is getting ready for a big event. The 9th Asian Winter Games will be held there from February 7th to February 14th, 2025. Athletes (运动员) from all over Asia will gather to show their skills in different winter sports.
Wonderful Medals
The medals for the competitions are called “Spirit of Speed”. The front of the medals has a picture of a fast track and the logo of the 9th Asian Winter Games. It looks like the athletes are moving quickly and smoothly. The design shows how strong and beautiful sports are. The back of the medal has a beautiful picture of Yabuli. It has mountains and forests that such as the Greater and Lesser Khingan mountains. This shows how wonderful and full of nature Heilongjiang is.
Cute Mascots (吉祥物)
The two mascots, Siberian tiger “Binbin” and “Nini”, are inspired (赋予灵感) by two lovely Siberian tiger cubs (幼仔) born in Harbin in September 2023. Binbin loves ice skating, so he wears ice skates and a red scarf. Nini, enjoys snowboarding and always has a big smile on her face. Their names, which mean “Harbin Welcomes You” reflect their warm welcome to everyone attending the event.
Exciting Events to Watch
There will be 64 exciting events in total. Thirty one percent of the events will make their first appearance at the games. These include speed skating, short track speed skating, and even ski mountaineering. Athletes from 34 countries and regions will compete, and some new faces, like Cambodia and Saudi Arabia, will be joining in the fun. Over 6, 000 volunteers, mostly college students from Harbin, will be there to help ensure everything goes smoothly.
It’s going to be a winter filled with excitement, friendship, and amazing sports.
1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph
A．Harbin’s icy wonders.
B．The introduction of Harbin.
C．The 9th Asian Winter Games will be held in Harbin.
D．Athletes’ preparation for the Asian Winter Games.
2．What can we know about the design of the medals
A．They are inspired by two lovely Siberian tiger cubs.
B．The back of the medals shows the logo.
C．The front of the medals has a picture of a slow — moving athlete.
D．The design shows the speed and strength of the sports.
3．Which of the following is the mascot “Nini”
A． B．
C． D．
4．How many new events will there be about at the 9th Asian Winter Games
A．12. B．20. C．31. D．64.
5．What can we learn about the events from the passage
A．Cambodia is the first time to join in the events.
B．All the events have been held before at the games.
C．Athletes from all over the world will compete in the events.
D．Over 6, 000 college students from 34 countries will be the volunteers.
B
DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It’s something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason why we look like our parents. We get some of their DNA to make our own.
People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time. In 1860, Mr Mendel discovered why we look similar to other people in our family. It’s because of small things called “genes (基因)” in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are real messages. They are written in the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNA tells the cell (细胞) to build its parts. So far, scientists have found all the “word” in the DNA map, but we don’t understand what they all do. By understanding what just one “words” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine to help sick people. Other people worry that when we learn more “words” and find out more information, we’ll use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive, or stop sick people getting jobs.
1．Who discovered why we look like other people in our family in 1860
A．Crick. B．Watson. C．Mr Harris. D．Mr Mendel.
2．What does the two scientists found in 1961
A．All the words in the DNA map.
B．Small things called “genes” in our body.
C．The first “word” that they could understand in that language.
D．The small parts are written in the DNA with a special language.
3．How can we help sick people if we understand more “words” in the DNA map
A．Stop them getting jobs. B．Make better medicine.
C．Tell them what to do. D．Make them attractive.
4．According to the passage, Which of the following is NOT TRUE
A．DNA tells the cell to build its parts.
B．DNA is the whole “map” of the human body.
C．We have understand what all the “words” in the DNA map do.
D．We look like our parents because of “genes” in our body.
5．What do people think of the research about DNA
A．It can be bad. B．It can be good.
C．It can be good but won’t work. D．It can be good and bad.
C
In a US study that studied the health information of 50,000 people over seven years, researchers found that those who made breakfast the largest meal of the day were more likely to have a lower body mass index (BMI，体重指数) than those who ate a large lunch or dinner.
However, studies have shown that giving up dinner increases the risk of physical illness, according to Courtney Peterson, the study’s author at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.
“For those who eat dinner later, their risk of obesity (肥胖) and diabetes (糖尿病) goes through the roof. While it seems breakfast is the most important meal of the day, it might actually be dinner,” she says. “Our blood sugar control is best early in the day. When we eat dinner late, that’s when we’re weak because our blood sugar is the worst.”
Researchers designed a study in which 52 women took part in a 12-week weight loss programme. All had the same number of calories (卡路里) over the day, but half had breakfast, while the other half did not. What they found was that it wasn’t breakfast itself that caused the people who joined this study to lose weight: it was changing their normal routine.
When you have been eating less and less, and the blood sugar in your body drops, your body will produce something named “cortisol (皮质醇)” that specifically has a great influence on blood sugar. But it can also create stress in the body, making you feel sad and nervous.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．Which meal should be made the largest if someone wants a lower BMI
A．Breakfast. B．Lunch. C．Dinner. D．We don’t know.
2．What may Courtney Peterson agree with
A．People should have two meals every day.
B．Dinner is more important than breakfast.
C．People will develop many diseases when giving up lunch.
D．Blood sugar remains the same in the whole day.
3．What does the underlined phrase “goes through the roof” mean in the text
A．Helps. B．Improves. C．Drops. D．Increases.
4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us
A．Having breakfast is very important.
B．People should pay attention to blood sugar.
C．Giving up dinner is bad for physical health.
D．People feel nervous when they’re hungry.
5．Where is the text probably from
A．A textbook. B．A novel. C．A storybook. D．A health magazine.
【提升题】
A
Rob Frenette had problems with bullies (欺辱) at school for eleven years. He was often lonely and scared. When he was fifteen, however, he decided to do something about his problems. He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying. His story went into the newspaper and soon all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his experiences. They also wanted to hear his ideas to stop bullying.
After that, Rob continued his studies at school, but in his free time he helped other people with bullying problems. With a friend Katie Neu, he made a website called www.bullyingcanada.ca. Visitors to the website can find advice, stories and poems about bullying, in both English and French. When people are upset, they can talk on the phone or online to Rob and his team. Every weekend Rob has to answer e-mails to the website. He also speaks to children, teachers and members of government around the country about bullying.
Rob’s most important message is: “When bullies are unkind to you, it isn’t your fault. There’s nothing wrong with you, so you should try to keep trusting yourself. And remember that people care about your problems. You just have to find those people.”
One of Rob’s ideas is “Blue Day”, a special day for stopping bullying in schools. Students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying. More than 150 Canadian schools now celebrate Blue Day, but Rob won’t stop until there’s a Blue Day in every school in Canada.
1．How did Rob help those who suffer from bullying
A．Through newspapers B．Through TV.
C．Through a website. D．On the magazines.
2．We can learn from this passage that Rob suffered from bullying since he was ________.
A．four B．seven C．eleven D．fifteen
3．www. bullyingcanada. ca is a website where people can ________.
A．learn how to write poems B．get advice about bullying problems
C．get blue clothes for free D．practice both English and French
4．The underlined part “those people” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．people who always bullied others before
B．people who are members of the government
C．people who write e-mails about their problems
D．people who help others with bullying problems
5．What was the correct order in which these events happened
a. Rob and his friend made a website. b. Rob was bullied at school.
c. Rob created “Blue Day”. d. Rob told his story in public.
e. Rob continued his studies at school
A．b-d-e-a-c B．a-b-c-d-e C．b-a-d-e -c D．c-e -b-a-d
B
One day, you open the fridge and find some moldy (发霉的) food. But before you throw it away, your mother stops you. She doesn’t want to waste food. She cuts off the moldy part and eats the rest. Is it safe to do this
Most kinds of mold (霉菌) are bad for us. It can grow on almost all kinds of food. Mold is usually green, white, black or grey. Mold makes food soft and changes its color. Mold food tastes quite bad, and it’s not safe to eat.
If you find mold in soft food, just throw it away. Soft food, such as bread, usually contains (包含) water. This allows mold to easily grow below its surface. Bacteria (细菌) can also grow along with it.
But some kinds of mold have good influence. Some kinds of mold can be used to make food. For example, penicillia (青霉菌) can be used to make many different kinds of cheeses.
1．How does the writer lead into the topic
A．By giving an opinion. B．By listing numbers.
C．By making a comparison. D．By asking a question.
2．How does mold influence food
A．It makes food smelly. B．It makes food hard.
C．It changes food’s shape. D．It changes food’s color.
3．According to the text, when you find mold on the tomato, you should ________.
A．remove mold from it B．throw it away
C．boil it and then eat it D．cut off the moldy part
4．According to paragraph 4, what can we know about penicillia
A．They taste quite delicious. B．They can be used to make cheese.
C．They are bad for our health. D．They are more likely to grow on mold.
5．Which of the following is TRUE about mold
A．It is bad for our health. B．We can’t see it with our eyes.
C．It only grows on hard food. D．It grows more easily on soft food.
C
Photos of great red aurora borealis (极光) in parts of North China have got plenty of online attention recently. These photos were taken from May 10th to May 13th, 2024. Some lucky people enjoyed the amazing aurora during that time.
Aurora borealis, also known as the northern lights, is a natural light show in the sky, most commonly seen in the high-latitude regions (高纬度地区). It is caused by the interaction between charged particles (带电粒子) from the sun and the Earth’s magnetic field (磁场). The most common colors seen in the aurora are green, red, and blue.
Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. An aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few humdred meters thick. As far as scientists can tell, auroras do not make any sounds that people on Earth can hear. Even so, if you live in a place where auroras can be seen, you might notice problems with your television, radio, or cell phone at times. The energy created by solar wind in the Earth’s atmosphere can get in the way of sound waves and pictures that travel through the air to your TV or radio.
Aurora borealis is truly amazing, especially the first time you see it. I hope you are able to travel to far north places to see it at least once during your lifetime. I know you will never forget it!
1．In which month did the Chinese see the great aurora borealis this year according to the text
A．The second month. B．The third month.
C．The fourth month. D．The fifth month.
2．What colors do people usually see in the aurora borealis
A．Green, yellow and blue. B．Green, red and black.
C．Green, red and blue. D．Green, red and purple.
3．What does the underlined word “atmosphere” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese
A．大气层 B．氛围 C．资源 D．环境
4．What can we infer (推断) from the text
A．Aurora borealis isn’t far away from the earth.
B．Aurora borealis sometimes brings trouble to people.
C．Aurora borealis can be seen in all places at night.
D．Aurora borealis can make some sound that can be heard on the earth.
5．What does the writer mainly tell us in the last paragraph
A．We’d better save our own lifetime.
B．We can forget about the aurora borealis.
C．We should see the aurora borealis in person one day.
D．Traveling around the world is a good way to enjoy the aurora borealis.
【拔高题】
A
An environmental group called the Food Commission is unhappy and disappointed because of the sales of bottled water from Japan. The water is angrily argues in public, has traveled 10,000 "food miles "before it reaches Western customers." transporting water halfway across the world is surely the extremely stupid use of fuel when there is plenty of water in the OK." It is also worried that we are wasting our fuel by buying prawns from Indonesia (7,000 food miles) and carrots from South Africa (5,900 food miles).
Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage done by an industry. Most food is transported around the world on container ships that are extremely energy efficient（节能）. It should be noted that a ton of butter transported 25 miles in a truck product transported hundreds of miles by sea. Besides, the idea of "food miles" ignores（无视）the amount of fuel used in the production. It is possible to cut down your food miles by buying tomatoes grown in Britain rather than those grown in Ghana; the difference is that the British one will have been raised in heated greenhouses and the Ghanaian ones in the open sun.
What the idea of "food miles" provide, however, is the chance to cut out Third World Countries from First World food markers. The number of miles traveled by our food should, as I see it, be regarded as a sign of the success of the global trade system, not a sign of damage to the environment.
1．The Food Commission is angry because it thinks that ________.
A．UK wastes a lot of money importing food products
B．some imported goods cause environmental damage
C．growing certain vegetables causes environmental damage
D．people waste energy buying food from other countries
2．The phrase "food miles" in the passage refers to the distance _________.
A．that a food product travels to a market
B．that a food product travels from one market to another
C．between UK and other food producing countries
D．between a Third World country and a First World food market
3．By comparing tomatoes raised in Britain and in Ghana, the another tries to explain that _________.
A．British tomatoes are healthier than Ghanaian ones
B．Ghanaian tomatoes taste better than British ones
C．cutting down food miles may not necessarily save fuel
D．protecting the environment may cost a lot of money
4．Which of the following examples can NOT support the Food Commission’s idea
A．Water. B．Prawns. C．Carrots. D．Tomatoes.
5．From the passage we know that the author is most probably _________.
A．a supporter of free global trade B．a member of an energy development group
C．a member of the Food Commission D．a supporter of First World food markets
B
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house How will you escape Do you know how to save yourself Please read the following passage.
Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save yourself. It is important to know the ways you can use and to show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways (楼梯) and fire escapes, but not lifts.
From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving through windows with the least chance of serious injury (伤害).
The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average(平常的) person, hanging by the finger-tips (手指尖) will have a drop of about six feet to the ground. It is about the height of an average man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building.
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed. Or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked (泄露) into the room.
On a second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those which open onto a roof (屋顶). From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement (水泥) might end in injury. Bushes and grass can help to break a fall.
1．It is important to _________.
A．put out a fire in a burning house
B．know the ways to escape a fire
C．jump out of a burning house
D．keep the door closed
2．It is possible to escape through the windows _________.
A．if you are strong enough
B．if there are some bushes on the ground
C．if you live on a lower floor
D．if you have a long rope
3．.Open the window so that _________ if the building is on fire.
A．you can get fresh air B．you can call for help
C．you can easily jump off D．you can be seen first
4．Which of the following escaping way is NOT right
A．You can escape though stairways.
B．You can Choose fire escape.
C．Escape from the windows that open on to a roof.
D．Use a lift to come down at once.
5．The best title for the passage is _________.
A．Escaping as fast as possible
B．Saving Yourself from a Burning House
C．Knowledge on Fire
D．Waiting for Help
C
You know how much your telephone has changed over the past 10 years Your car will change even more than that in the next 10 years.
One of the biggest changes is that cars will drive themselves. Some day you may not need to drive a car. You will just tell the car where you want to go and it will drive itself.
Google
The American company Google has been working on a self-driving automobile for years. These cars are already on the roads in the United States, mainly in California.
Google cars are truly self-driving. These cars have no steering wheels(方向盘) or pedals(刹车踏板).
Last week, police ordered one of Google’s cars to stop for driving too slowly on a public road. The car was not against any law, so no one was punished. But police did speak to the operators of the vehicle(车辆).
According to Google, its self-driving cars have been driven nearly 2 million kilometers. That is equal to the distance the average person drives in 90 years.
So far, no Google self-driving car has gotten a Some of them have been in accidents when other cars hit them.
Tesla
Another American company, Tesla, added an “Autopilot(自动驾驶仪)” feature to its cars last month. Tesla put the feature, a computer software program, in cars that were built after September 2014.
With the Autopilot turned on, the vehicle drives itself. The car will speed up, slow down, brake and steer by itself.
You can take over driving any time by turning the steering wheel or touching a pedal. Your car will slow down if the vehicle in front of you gets closer. It will turn at bends and change lanes if you use the turn signal.
Tesla Autopilot takes over driving at speeds over 29 kilometers per hour when you press a button twice. Autopilot is made for cross-country driving. It keeps you in the lane and helps you avoid hitting other cars.
Other Self-Driving Cars and Buses
Other companies such as Mercedes-Benz, Audi, BMW, Volvo and Toyota are working on self-driving cars. Another company called BestMile is also working on self-driving buses in Switzerland. The buses can hold up to nine people and will be tested for two years.
1．What is the meaning of “traffic ticket” in Chinese
A．车票。 B．油票。 C．交通罚单。 D．彩票。
2．How far does an average person drive in a year according to the passage
A．About 2 million kilometres.
B．About 22,000 kilometres.
C．About 90 million kilometres.
D．About 180 kilometres.
3．How many companies are working on self-driving vehicles in all according the passage
A．Two. B．Five. C．Eight. D．Seven.
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Google cars have pedals.
B．Google cars hit some other cars.
C．All car companies in the world are working on self-driving cars.
D．There is an “Autopilot” in Tesla self-driving cars after September 2014.
5．Which of the following can be the best tittle of the passage
A．What’s your favourite car
B．Will your next car drive itself
C．What’s the best car
D．Do you need a self-driving car
