WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
view
【归纳】view既可作动词，也可作名词。
☆作动词时，意为：①把… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…视为，以……看待（常用搭配：view sb. / sth. as sth.）；②查看，察看；③观看，仔细察看。如：
He is widely viewed as a possible manager.
The Internet is viewed as a useful educational tool.
We will go and view the house before we buy it.
The police viewed the scene of the crime.
☆作名词时，意为：①看法，意见，见解（常与介词about / on 连用）；②视域，视野；③风景。如：
What are your views about / on the subject
If you stand up you’ll get a better view.
The view from the top of the mountain is wonderful.
【拓展】
come into view 进入视野
in view of sth. 鉴于，考虑到，由于
have sth. in view 头脑中对某事物有清楚的概念﹑打算﹑计划等
in one’s view据某人看来
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. From the top y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou get a(n) ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (这座城市极好的风景).
2. Could you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) tell us your ________ ________ ________ ________ (对全球变暖的看法)
3. ________ ________ ________ (在我看来), Smith is the suitable person for the position.
4. People came f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom all over the world to ________ ________ ________ (欣赏她的作品).
参考答案
view
【即学即练】
1. wonderful view of the city
2. views about / on global warming
3. In my view
4. view her work(s)
narrow
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳narrow的意思及用法。
1. The street gets quite narrow towards the east.
2. Yesterday he had a narrow escape from being eaten by sharks.
3. Linda is a poorly educated woman with a narrow view on life.
4. It is said that Mary has a rather narrow circle of friends.
5. The valley narrowed as we moved toward the river’s source.
6. We should try to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.
【自我归纳】
★作形容词，意为：①________（句1）；②勉强的，刚刚好的（常用搭配：have a narrow escape from ...）（句2）；③狭隘的，目光短浅的（句3）；④有限的，范围小的（句4）。
★作动词，意为：①变窄（句5）；②缩小（句6）。
【拓展】narrow ... down to ... 意为“把（可能性或选择）缩小到……，缩小范围”。如：
They narrowed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the search for the missing boy down to five streets nearby.
【即学即练】翻译下列句子。
1. 汤姆对教育的认识是非常狭隘的。
______________________________________________________
2. 很庆幸，他从火灾中死里逃生。
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3. 我们把选择的范围缩减到三个。
______________________________________________________
参考答案
narrow
【自我归纳】狭窄的
【即学即练】
1. Tom has / takes a narrow view of education.
2. Luckily, he had a narrow escape from the fire.
3. We narrowed the choices down to three.
rip off
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-c中选出与各句中的rip off相符合的中文释义。
1. Tourists complain of being ripped off by local cab drivers.
2. He ripped of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f one end of the thick envelope and pulled out the letter.
3. We need to call the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) police. Someone has broken in and ripped off the computer and camera.
a. 偷盗，窃取 b. 敲竹杠，敲诈 c. 撕掉
【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们发现rip off在各句中的中文释义分别是：
1 — ________，2 — ________，3 — ________。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. He was caught ripping off books from the library.
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2. I won’t s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hop at that small store any more; they rip off the customers whenever they get a chance.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. When I found the book, its cover had been ripped off.
_____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
rip off
【自我归纳】1-3 bca
【即学即练】
1. 他在图书馆偷书时被抓住了。
2. 我再也不会在那家小店买东西了，他们一有机会就敲诈顾客。
3. 我找到这本书的时候，它的封皮已经被撕掉了。GRAMMAR
情态动词
一、can和could
☆表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去具有某种能力。如：
My brother can speak four foreign languages.
Sophia could read when she was four years old.
注意：can表示“能够”时与be able to同义，但can只有过去式could，而be able to可用于各种时态。
☆表示许可。could比can表示的说话语气更委婉。如：
You can have a piece of cake after you’ve eaten your vegetables!
Could I have a drink of water, please
☆表示可能性。此时could不是can的过去式，它表示推测的可能性比can小。如：
Can he still be alive after all this time
If you’re not careful, you could get into even worse trouble.
二、may和might
☆表示许可或征求对方许可。如：
You may / might use my bicycle so long as you return it before 12:00.
I can’t eat; may / might I have a little milk
☆表示可能性。might比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小。如：
He may / might get here in time, but I can’t be sure.
三、will和would
☆表示意愿。will表示现在的意愿，有时可用于条件句中。would表示过去的意愿。如：
I will help her if she asks us to.
Ask, if you will, who the owner is.
My friend asked if I would go with him.
☆表示征求意见或提出请求。will与wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld均可用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中，表示征求意见或提出请求，此时would并不表示过去，而表示委婉语气。如：
—I’m cold. Will / Would you shut the window, please
—Certainly.
☆表示习惯和倾向性。will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯。如：
She will listen to records, alone in her room, for hours.
When Ann was a child, she would often ask some strange questions.
四、shall和should
☆shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一、三人称，意为“要不要，……好吗”。如：
Shall we go out and have a walk after dinner
Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow
shall还可用于主语是第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示决心、允诺、警告、命令、威胁、规定或义务等。如：
Tell her that she shall have the bike tomorrow.
You shall be punished if you break the rule.
☆should表示义务或责任、建议或劝告、推断等。如：
We should take good care of our children.
You shouldn’t leave a baby alone in the house.
I wonder what’s happened to Annie. She should be here by now.
should还可以表示惊讶、失望、遗憾等情感，此时意为“竟会”。如：
It’s strange that Jane should be late. She’s usually on time.
I’m sorry that you should think so badly of me.
五、must
must可表示“必须做某事”。如：
I must go to the bank to get some money.
must还可表推测。must表示推测时用于肯定句中，意为“肯定，一定”，否定句或疑
问句中要用can。如：
—Where is Tran Nguyen from
—I know that’s a Vietnamese name. He must be from Vietnam.
You’ve just had lunch. You can’t be hungry.
【即学即练】
I. 将下面句子翻译成英语（句中须使用情态动词）。
1. 你能用左手写字吗？
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2. 彼得不可能病了，我上午看见他在操场上玩。
_______________________________________________________
3. 比尔也许在忙于准备旅行。
_______________________________________________________
4. 先生，我必须交罚金吗
_______________________________________________________
5. 下次你应该更小心些。
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6. 在英国，车辆必须靠左行驶。
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7. 如果你太忙就不必来这儿了。
__________________________________________________________
8. 走了那么长的路，你一定饿了吧。
__________________________________________________________
II. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。
David: Hi, Tony. I’m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )moving on Sunday. 1. ________ (Could / Should) you help me
Tony: I would like to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) help you, but I have a bad back. 2. ________ (Would / Can) I help you in any other way
David: Yes. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) need some boxes. 3. ________ (Should / Would) you please help me find some
Tony: Sure. I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to go shopping tomorrow. I 4. ________ (can / should) pick up some at the supermarket.
David: Boxes 5. ________ (can / will) be heavy. You’d better not lift them yourself.
Tony: Don’t worry. I’ll have someone put them in my car for me.
David: Thanks. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have another favour to ask. 6. ________ (May / Must) I borrow your car on Saturday
Tony: I have to work o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Saturday. Let me ask my brother. He has a car, too. He 7. ________ (will / might) be able to let you use his car.
David: Thanks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). It’s very kind of you. I 8. ________ (must / shall) go now. I 9. ________ (couldn’t / can’t) go to class all last week. There’s so much work to do.
Tony: I know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what you mean. You 10. ________ (can’t / must) be very tired.
David: Yes. See you.
Tony: See you.
参考答案
I.
1. Can you write with your left hand
2. Peter can’t be i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll. I saw him playing on the playground this morning.
3. Bill may be busy preparing for his trip.
4. Must I pay the fine, sir
5. You should be more careful next time.
6. In Britain traffic must keep to the left.
7. You needn’t / don’t have to come here if you’re too busy.
8. You must be hungry after your long walk.
II.
1. Could 2. Can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 3. Would 4. can 5. can 6. May 7. might 8. must
9. couldn’t 10. mustSENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. The sun was shi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning brightly as we sailed downstream through a hilly region. (P42)
【分析】
①这是一个主从复合句。
②主句使用了过去进行时。brightly在句中作状语。
③as引导的是________从句，其中，downstream和through a hilly region在从句中均作状语。
【句意】当我们顺流而下穿过山区的时候，阳光灿烂极了。
【仿写】当我们沿着那条河走时，太阳正缓缓升起。
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2. We could se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e the sun setting behind the white pagoda. (P42)
【分析】
①本句是一个简单句。
②本句为“主语（We）+谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语（could see）+宾语（the sun）+宾语补足语（setting behind the white pagoda）”结构。see sb. / sth. doing意为“看见某人/某物正在做某事”。
【句意】我们能看到太阳在白塔后西沉。
【仿写】半个小时前，我看到汤姆在操场上打篮球。
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3. Every rock looked l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ike a person or animal, every stream that joined the great river carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past. (P42)
【分析】
①这是一个并列复合句。
②第一个分句和第三个分句均为“主系表”结构； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第二个分句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词________。be heavy with意为“有大量的……，充满……”。
【句意】块块巨石形象各异，条条支流流淌着传说，座座小山承载着过往。
【仿写】所有的风景都很特别，我见到的每个人都很热心，每一天都充满了美好的回忆。
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4. On a distant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mountain was a sign in 20 foot characters. (P42)
【分析】
①这是一个简单句。
②介词短语On a distant mou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntain作地点状语，主语是________。地点状语位于句首、主语为名词而谓语为不及物动词时，句子用倒装语序。
【句意】远山上写着20英尺见方的汉字。
【仿写】湖的四周有许多农场。
____________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】③时间状语
【仿写】The sun was rising slowly as we walked along the river.
2.【仿写】Half an hou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r ago, I saw Tom playing basketball on the playground.
3.【分析】every stream
【仿写】All the scen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery was special, every person that I met was kind, every day was heavy with sweet memories.
4.【分析】a sign in 20-foot characters
【仿写】Around the lake are a great number of farms.
