GRAMMAR
过去分词高考考点点拨（二）
此前我们复习了过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法，本期我们回顾一下高考中对过去分词其它用法的考查。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
考点一：过去分词作状语，表示原因、条件、时间等
【考例】
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. ________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. (重庆2015)
2. ________ (use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks. (北京2012)
【点拨】
1. 设空处作原因状语，因raise与he之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且raise表示的动作已发生，故填Raised。2·1·c·n·j·y
2. 设空处作条件状语，因use与tin之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Used。
考点二：“连词+过去分词”作状语
【考例】
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
(湖南2014)
2. If ________ (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon. (北京2015)
【点拨】
1. when与设空处构成“连词+分词”结构，accompany与Children之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且accompany所表示的动作已发生，故填accompanied。此处是时间状语从句的省略，还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。2-1-c-n-j-y
2. If与设空处构成“连词+分词”结构，accept与you之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填accepted。此处是条件状语从句的省略，还原后是If you are accepted for the job。
考点三：过去分词构成的独立结构
【考例】
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
Much time ________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. (江苏2015)
【点拨】 Much time与设空处构成独立主格结构，因spend与time之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填spent。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
说明：以上所选高考真题形式有所改动。
【综合练习】
I. 用过去分词或状语从句改写下列句子。
1. Asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
________________ what had happened, he lowered his head.21教育网
2. Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
________________ in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.www-2-1-cnjy-com
3. Left at home alone, John didn’t feel afraid at all. 21*cnjy*com
________________ at home alone, John didn’t feel afraid at all.www.21-cn-jy.com
4. No matter how frequently they are performed, the works of Beethoven still attract people from all over the world.21·cn·jy·com
No matter how frequently ________________, the works of Beethoven still attract people from all over the world.【版权所有：21教育】
II. 每空填一词，使每组句子的意思相同或相近。
1. If more attention is given, the trees will grow better. 21教育名师原创作品
________ ________ ________, the trees will grow better. 21*cnjy*com
2. The doctor appeared, and a nurse followed him.
________ ________ a nurse, the doctor appeared.
3. I won’t go to the meeting, even if I am invited. 21cnjy.com
I won’t go to the meeting, even if ________.
4. Because Tom had received the training from MS Company, he was offered an important position in management. 【出处：21教育名师】
________ ________ the training from MS Company, Tom was offered an important position in management.?
III. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. _______________________________________ (在漆黑的夜晚看时), the lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.
2. _______________________________________ (对他所做的事情很满意), the teacher praised him in class.
3. _______________________________________ (即使每天训练10个小时), he still can’t speak English.
4. _______________________________________ (一旦出版), this book will be popular with students.
5. _______________________________________ (被抢了) all his money, he had to telephone his parents for help.21·世纪*教育网
IV. 用括号内动词的正确形式（包括动词-ing形式、过去分词及不定式）完成下面短文。
Before 1. ________ (travel) to New York, Elena heard a lot of awful things about this city. 2. ________ (frighten) by the stories her friends had told her before she left Athens, she had been worried about her future school life there. 3. ________ (seat) on the plane to New York, Elena was both excited and nervous. However, she saw a city quite different from what she had expected. Pleasantly 4. ________ (surprise), she saw a delightful mixture of people when she walked around the area where her school was located. As long as she didn’t go out alone at night, she felt safe. It was not much different from her own city of Athens.
Elena enjoyed going to the neighborhood’s cafés and book stores while 5. ________ (study) for her bachelor’s degree. Whenever she and her friends went out at night, they all walked home together 6. ________ (make) sure they were safe. She held a completely different opinion of New York City by the time she finished her studies.
参考答案
I. 1. When he was asked? ?? 2. If they are grown? ?? 3. Although he was left? ????? 4. performed
II. 1. Given more attention?? 2. Followed by??? 3. invited?? ?? 4. Having received
III. 1. Seen on a dark night? 2. Satisfied with what he did? 3. Trained ten hours a day
4. Once published? ????? 5. Robbed of
IV. 1. travelling 2. Frightened 3. Seated 4. surprised 5. studying 6. to make21世纪教育网版权所有
Book 8 Unit 4 FATEFUL MEETINGS
Pre-reading activities
Task I. Will you buy some flowers from a flower girl in the street? Why or why not?
Task II. Do you think it is interesting to study people’s language?【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Task III. Do you like a person who speaks with strong accents? Why or why not?
While-reading activities
Task I. Read the text and fill in the blanks in the table.21cnjy.com
Time
11: 15, one day in 1. ________
Place
2. ________, England
Characters
Eliza Doolittle, a gentleman, Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering
Scene
A flower girl is trying to sell her flowers while a man is studying people’s language.
Plot
Lines 11-25
Eliza tries to sell a gentleman some flowers but he just gives her some small 3. ________ instead.
Lines 26-36
After studying her words, which he has taken down in his notebook, Higgins correctly guesses that Eliza was born in 4. ________.
Lines 37-54
Higgins tells Colonel Pickering that despite the difficulty, he believes he can help people change their accents so they can improve their 5. ________ in society.
Lines 55-68
Higgins and Colonel Pickering leave to continue their discussion while Eliza plans to find Higgins again and get him to 6. ________ her how to speak like a real lady.
Task II. Read the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
( ) 1. Professor Higgins was hiding in the rain studying how people speak.
( ) 2. The gentleman did not buy the flowers at first because he had no change.
( ) 3. Eliza thought Higgins was a policeman at first.21世纪教育网版权所有
( ) 4. Eliza denied that she was born in Lisson.
( ) 5. Higgins wanted to buy some flowers from Eliza.21·cn·jy·com
( ) 6. Higgins thought that Eliza’s English was poor.www.21-cn-jy.com
( ) 7. Eliza hoped to become a shop assistant.
( ) 8. Colonel Pickering and Higgins had already met a long time ago.2·1·c·n·j·y
Post-reading activities
Task I. Write a summary of the text.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Task II. Role-play the part of the text from Line 11 to Line 25.21·世纪*教育网
Task III. What’s your comments on Eliza’s English? Try to find her language mistakes and correct them.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Task IV. Discussion. What’s the relationship between a person’s language and his / her social position?2-1-c-n-j-y
参考答案：
Pre-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
While-reading activities
Task I. 1. 1914 2. London 3. change 4. Lisson Grove 5. positions 6. teach21教育网
Task II. 1-5 TFTFF 6-8 TTF
Post-reading activities
Task I.
One rainy London morning outside a theater, a poor girl called Eliza is trying to sell dead flowers to a passing gentleman. He gives her a few small coins instead and leaves. Henry Higgins is making notes while listening to them speaking. At first she thinks he is a policeman. However, he shows her his notes and explains that he studies people’s speech. He then guesses correctly which street she was born in. On hearing this, another man, Colonel Pickering, who also studies people’s speech, asks if Higgins can make money from such a skill. Higgins says he could teach the girl to speak like an upper class lady in three months and even get her a well-paid job. Higgins gives Eliza a pound and leaves with Pickering. Eliza decides to find Higgins again and see if he can really do what he says he can. (By Ray Cama) 21*cnjy*com
Task II. 略
Task III. 略
Task IV. 略
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. A man is hiding from the rain listening to people’s language and watching their reactions.? (P29)
【分析】
① 本句是一个简单句。
② 句子的主干为A man is hiding from the rain。
③ listening to people’s language and watching their reactions是动词-ing形式短语作________。
【句意】 有一位男士在躲雨，边听人们谈话，边观察着人们的反应。
2. But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths. (P29)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② every time在此引导________从句，意为“每次，每当”。
③ 主句是they betray themselves。betray oneself意为“暴露本来面目”。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【句意】但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚（暴露自己的身份）。
【仿写】他喜欢在舞台上男扮女装，但每次一开口就会露出马脚。
____________________________________________________________
3. But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party. (P30)
【分析】
① 本句是一个简单句。
② 句子的主干是that girl could pass herself off as a duchess。pass sb. off as ...意为“把某人改变或冒充成……”。21·cn·jy·com
③ once educated to speak properly是“连词+分词”作结构，在句中作状语，它是once she is educated to speak properly的省略形式。2·1·c·n·j·y
【句意】 不过，先生，（高傲地）要是一旦有人教她把英语说好了，她就可以在三个月内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。21·世纪*教育网
【仿写】 一旦出版，这本词典将会非常受欢迎！
____________________________________________________________
4. Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady’s maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English. (P30)
【分析】
① 本句是一个主从复合句。
② 主句是Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady’s maid or a shop assistant；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词________。21世纪教育网版权所有
【句意】说不定我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵妇人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。
【仿写】说不定你可以给她找份工作，当一名秘书或者打字员。这些工作都要求计算机掌握得好。
_________________________________________________
参考答案
1.?【分析】伴随状语
2.【分析】时间状语
【仿写】He likes to dress as a woman on the stage, but he betrays himself every time he opens his mouth.21教育网
3.【仿写】Once published, this dictionary will be very popular!21cnjy.com
4.【分析】place
【仿写】Perhaps you can find her a place as a secretary or a typist, which requires good computer skills.www.21-cn-jy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
hesitate
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳hesitate的意思及用法。
1. Mr. Black was still hesitating over whether to leave or not.21·cn·jy·com
2. Don’t hesitate about that. Do it at once.
3. John hesitated in answering his mother’s question. 21*cnjy*com
4. My grandfather hesitates at nothing.
5. In case you need something, please don’t hesitate to ask me. 21*cnjy*com
6. If you hesitate too much, you’ll lose the game.
【自我归纳】
通过观察上面的句子，我们发现hesitate常作不及物动词，表示“踌躇；犹豫”，用于以下结构：
● 后跟介词
① hesitate _____ ...（句1）
② hesitate about ...（句2）
③ hesitate _____ ...（句3）? ??
④ hesitate at ...（句4）
● 后跟不定式（句5）
● 后跟副词（句6）
【即学即练】根据汉语提示，将下面句子补充完整。
1. Jack _______________________ (对选这两套西服中的哪一套犹豫不决).
2. If you have any questions, _______________________ (尽管问我).
3. Jim _______________________ (犹豫了一会儿) and then said “yes”.21·世纪*教育网
参考答案
hesitate
【自我归纳】over; in
【即学即练】
1. hesitated over the choice between the two suits21世纪教育网版权所有
2. don’t hesitate to ask me
3. hesitated for a moment
remark
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳remark的意思及用法。
1. The children made rude remarks about the old man.21教育名师原创作品
2. Her remarks on the employment question led to a heated discussion.
3. “This house must be very old,” he remarked.
4. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.
5. The man remarked on / upon the difference in security measures at the two airports.
【自我归纳】
★remark作名词时，意为“谈论，言论，评述”（句1、句2），后常跟介词about（句1）或on（句2）。2·1·c·n·j·y
★remark既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，意为“谈论，评论，说起”（句3-句5），后常跟直接引语（句3）、从句（句4）或介词________（句5）。【出处：21教育名师】
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. ________________________ (他说了许多无礼的评论) about the food.
2. Everyone ________________________ (对她的缺席评论了一番).
3. Critics ________________________ (指出这部戏剧缺乏创意).
参考答案
remark
【自我归纳】on / upon
【即学即练】
1. He made a number of rude remarks
2. remarked on / upon her absence
3. remarked that the play was not original
condemn
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳condemn的词性、意思及用法。
1. The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking honesty.2-1-c-n-j-y
2. The judge condemned the criminal to death for a case of murder.
3. His bad legs condemned him to a wheelchair.
4. The meat was condemned as unfit for human consumption.
【自我归纳】condemn作及物动词，意为“谴责；宣判；使……注定；宣告……不宜使用”。常用结构有：
★ condemn sb. / sth. for / as (doing) sth. 指责某人/某事/某物为……（句1）；
★ condemn sb. to (do) sth. 判某人某种刑罚（句2）；
★ ________________ 迫使某人接受困境（或不愉快的状况）（句3）；
★ condemn sth. as ... 宣告……不宜使用（句4）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 她知道社会将会谴责她遗弃孩子。
_______________________________________
2. 老年人常出于无奈而孤独生活。
_______________________________________
参考答案
condemn
【自我归纳】condemn sb. to sth.
【即学即练】
1. She knew that society would condemn her for abandoning her child.21cnjy.com
2. Old people are often condemned to a lonely life.www.21-cn-jy.com
?in terms of
【归纳】 in terms of意为“就……而言，从……的角度，用……（表示）”。如：
In terms of natural resources it is one of the poorest countries in Western Europe.
In terms of money we were quire rich, but not in terms of happiness.www-2-1-cnjy-com
Give the answer in terms of a percentage.
【拓展】 常见的“in +名词+ of”结构的短语还有：
in charge of负责 in need of需要
in favour of赞成，支持 in spite of虽然，尽管
in case of如果，万一
【即学即练】 选用以上合适的短语填空。
1. ________________ fire, ring the alarm bell.
2. He talked about his students ________________ praise.【版权所有：21教育】
3. If you are ________________ the plan, please raise you hands.21教育网
4. It is a small country both ________________ size and population.
5. ________________ his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday’s match.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
6. I left Jack ________________ the suitcases while I went to get the tickets.
7. Staying in the study for a whole morning, I’m ________________ some fresh air.
参考答案
in terms of
【即学即练】 1. In case of 2. in terms of 3. in favour of 4. in terms of 5. In spite of 6. in charge of 7. in need of【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
fade
【归纳】 fade是动词，意为：①（使）褪色，变暗；②逐渐消失；③枯萎，凋谢。如：
The sun has faded the red curtains.
All memory of her childhood had faded from her mind.
Flowers soon fade when cut.
【拓展】
fade away意为“消失，离去”。如：
The sound comes up and slowly fades away into the distance.
fade in / out意为“（使）淡入/淡出，（使）渐强/渐弱”。如：
George saw the monitor black out and then a few words faded in.
Fade out the music at the end of the scene.
【即学即练】 写出下面句子中画线部分内容的中文释义。
1. As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness. ________
2. If you hang your clothes out in the bright sun, they will fade. ________
3. As the programme ended, their conversation was faded out. ________
参考答案
fade
【即学即练】 1. 逐渐消失 2. 褪色 3. 使渐弱
