本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
arm
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳arm的意思及用法。
1. They are currently arming for war.
2. They armed themselves with sticks.
3. Linda armed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) herself with the relevant facts and figures and went to the meeting.
4. Phoebe sat there, with her one-year-old son in her arms.www.21-cn-jy.com
5. The couple walked along the beach arm in arm.
6. Barbara took off her coat and put it on the arm of the chair.21·世纪*教育网
7. The arms of the coat are too long.
【自我归纳】arm既可作动词也可作名词。
★arm作动词时，意为“武装，装备，备战”，常用搭配：arm oneself with sth.（句1~句3）。
★arm作名词时，意为：①臂， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )手臂，上肢（常用短语：in one’s arms, arm ________ arm）（句4、句5）；②扶手（句6）；③袖子（句7）。21世纪教育网版权所有
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. The crowd armed themselves with stones.
_______________________________________________________
2. There must be something wrong with my left arm, which is numb.
_______________________________________________________
3. I’ll need to ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m myself with all the facts before meeting them formally.
_______________________________________________________21cnjy.com
参考答案
arm
【自我归纳】in
【即学即练】
1. 这些人用石块武装了他们自己。
2. 我的左臂发麻，一定是出什么问题了。
3. 在正式与他们见面之前，我需要了解所有的事实。
result in
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳result in的意思及用法。
1. The accident t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat happened in front of our school yesterday resulted in ten deaths.
2. If left untreated, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the condition will eventually result in blindness.2·1·c·n·j·y
【自我归纳】result in意为“导致，造成”，后接导致某事的_____，句子的主语是_____。
【拓展】result from 表示“由……造成，因……而产生”，后接导致某事的原因，句子的主语是结果。如： 21*cnjy*com
The terrible accident resulted from his careless driving.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面句子。
1. His being late for the performance __________ (导致了全盘失败).【出处：21教育名师】
2. His heart disease __________ (是由食用过多的高脂肪食物造成的).
3. The experiment __________ (导致新发现) a cure for cancer.
参考答案
result in
【自我归纳】结果；原因
【即学即练】
1. resulted in a complete failure
2. resulted from eating too much fat-rich food 21·cn·jy·com
3. resulted in a new discovery of
rough
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意result in的意思。
1. Could you give me a rough idea what time you’ll be at home 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2. The first year was rough, but things have gotten better.
3. The other boys were rough, always looking for a fight.
4. It was a rough mountain road, full of stones and huge holes.
a. 高低不平的，粗糙的
b. 粗略的，大概的
c. 艰苦的
d. 粗暴的，粗野的
【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们发现rough在各句中的意思分别是：1 → _____, 2 → _____, 3 → _____，4 → _____。
参考答案
rough
【自我归纳】b; c; d; a
means
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳means的意思及用法。
1. Every possible means has been tried, but none of them worked. 21教育名师原创作品
2. All possible mea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns are considered, but none can handle the problem. 21*cnjy*com
3. —Could I borrow that book for a few days, please
—By all means.
4. The young man realized his dream by means of hard work. 21教育网
5. Whatever happens, by no means should we lie to our parents.
【自我归纳】means n. 意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“________”，单复数形式相同。means作主语时，其谓语动词要按其所表达的意思来确定用单数还是复数（句1、句2）。means常构成以下搭配：by all means 没问题，当然可以（句3）；by means of 用……，依靠……（句4）；by no means _____（句5）。
【即学即练】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. In China, the car is becoming a popular _____ of transportation.
A. route B. means C. object D. entrance
2. —Can you give me some advice where I should go for my holiday
—_____. We can talk about it over lunch.
A. By no mean ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s B. Never mind C. By all means D. By the way
参考答案
means
【自我归纳】手段，方法；绝不，一点也不
【即学即练】1. B 2. C
potential
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳potential的意思及用法。
1. The company certainly has the potential for growth.
2. The European market ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )place offers excellent potential for increasing sales.
3. The boy has acting potential, but he needs training.
4. You have the potential to reach the top of your profession.
5. Many potential c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ustomers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying.
6. He is seen as a potential leader of our political party.
【自我归纳】potential既可作名词也可作形容词。
★ potential作名词时，意为：①________（常与for连用）（句1、句2）；②潜力，潜质（句3、句4）。
★ potential作形容词时，意为“潜在的，可能的”（句5、句6）。
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a world-class musician.
2. 她意识到现在所采用的方法有可能出错。
She recognized ________ ________ ________ ________ in the method being used.
3. 许多潜在的买家表达了对该公司的兴趣。
A number of ________ ________ have expressed interest in the company.
参考答案
potential
【自我归纳】可能性，潜在性
【即学即练】
1. has the potential to become
2. the potential for error
3. potential buyers
adopt
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳adopt的意思。
1. All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.www-2-1-cnjy-com
2. We adopted several measures to deal with the disease.
3. As they had no c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hildren of their own, they adopted a child whose parents were dead.
【自我归纳】adopt意为“采取，采用”（句1、句2）；“________”（句3）。
【即学即练】根据括号内所给的汉语提示完成下面句子。
1. Finally, the teacher decided to _______________ (采纳露西的建议).
2. The old c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouple are considering _______________ (收养一个失去双亲的孩子) during the earthquake.【版权所有：21教育】
参考答案
adopt
【自我归纳】领养
【即学即练】
1. adopt Lucy’s suggestion
2. adopting a child who lost his parents
break away from
【归纳】break away from意为：①突然挣脱，逃脱；②脱离，背叛。如：
Susan broke away from the man and ran to the door.
They broke away fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m the national union and set up their own local organisation.
【拓展】常见的含break的短语还有：
★break down意为：①出故障，坏掉；②被搞垮，垮掉。
★break into意为：①强行闯入；②突然开始。
★break off意为：①断开，折断；②停顿，中断；③突然终止。
★break out意为“突然开始，爆发”。
★break through意为：①冲破，突破；②克服，战胜。
★break up意为：①粉碎，破碎；②解散，散开；③结束。
【即学即练】用含break的短语的正确形式填空。
1. The prisoner ________ his guards and escaped successfully.2-1-c-n-j-y
2. One of the plane’s wings ________ and it crashed into the ground.
3. A man ________ the museum and stole several valuable paintings.
4. They had escaped to America shortly before war ________ in 1939.
5. The talks d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idn’t ________ until after midnight, without any agreement.
6. The printing machine is always ________. We should buy a new one.
7. Scientist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s say they are beginning to ________ in the fight against cancer.
8. The peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of the province wished to ________ the nation and form a new state.
参考答案
break away from
【即学即练】1. broke away fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om 2. broke off 3. broke into 4. broke out 5. break up 6. breaking down 7. break through 8. break away from
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
beyond
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-d中找出与1-4中的beyond相符合的释义。
1. The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.21·世纪*教育网
2. I didn’t notice anything beyond his rather strange accent.21教育名师原创作品
3. She carried on teaching well beyond retirement age.
4. The exercise was beyond the abilities of most of the class.
a. 晚于，迟于 b. 除……之外
c. 超出……之外，非……所能及 d. 在（或向）……较远的一边
【自我归纳】通过观察上面的句子，我们可以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )知道beyond的意思分别为：1 → ________；2 → ________；3 → ________；4 → ________。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. It won’t go on beyond midnight.
_______________________________________________________
2. Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.
_______________________________________________________
3. She had no income beyond what she could earn as a waitress.
_______________________________________________________
参考答案
beyond
【自我归纳】d; b; a; c
【即学即练】
1. 这事不会延续到午夜以后。
2. 我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。
3. 除了当服务员挣的钱外，她没有其他收入。
refer to
【归纳】refer to意为：①提到，谈及，说起；②参考，查阅；③描述，涉及，与……有关；④将……送交给。如：21教育网
We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
Frank gave the speech without referring to his notes.【出处：21教育名师】
The star refers to items for the advanced learner.21世纪教育网版权所有
The term “Arts” usually refers to humanities and social sciences.
My complaint was referred to the manager.
【即学即练】写出下面句子中refer to的含义。
1. In his spe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ech, he referred to a recent trip to Canada. ________
2. The term “di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alect” refers to vocabulary and grammar. ________
3. The case was referred to the Court of Appeal. ________
4. Please re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fer to our catalogue for details of all our products. ________
参考答案
refer to
【即学即练】1. 提到，谈及，说起 2. 描述，涉及，与……有关 3. 将……送交给 4. 参考，查阅21·cn·jy·com
sacrifice
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳sacrifice的意思及用法。
1. A mother will sacrifice her life for her children.2·1·c·n·j·y
2. We decided to sacrifice a trip for a new car.
3. The ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs before fighting in a war.
4. At the sacrifice of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his own comfort, he allowed the guest to use his bed.
5. I would never dream of asking you to make such a sacrifice.
6. Before the ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttle, the commanders ordered the sacrifice of an ox to the god of war.
7. They made sacrifices to ensure a good harvest.
【自我归纳】sacrifice既可作动词，也可作名词。
★ sacrifice作动词时，意为： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )①________（常用搭配：sacrifice sth. for sb. / sth.）（句1、句2）；②以（人或动物）作祭献（句3）。www-2-1-cnjy-com
★ sacrifice作名词时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，意为：① 牺牲，舍弃（句4、句5）；② 祭献，祭祀，祭献的牲畜，祭品（常与to连用）（句6、句7）。
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1. Her parents __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______________________ (作了许多牺牲)so that she could go to university.
2. Many women ________________________ (为家庭牺牲了有趣的职业生涯).
3. Food and wine were offered as _______________________ (给众神的祭品).
参考答案
sacrifice
【自我归纳】牺牲，献出
【即学即练】
1. made many sacrifices
2. sacrifice interesting careers for their family
3. sacrifices to the gods
substitute
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳substitute的意思及用法。
1. Honey can be used as a substitute for sugar in many recipes.21cnjy.com
2. There is no substitute for good food and exercise. 21*cnjy*com
3. Tom cannot play football today so Jack will be his substitute.21*cnjy*com
4. Mr. Zhou substituted for the teacher who was in hospital.
5. Water must substitute for wine until we can get some more wine.
6. I substituted your name for mine on the list.
7. I substituted my name with / by yours on the list.
【自我归纳】substitute既可作名词，也可作动词。
★substitute作名词时，意为：①________（常与for连用）（句1、句2）；②替补（运动员）（句3）。
★substitute作动词时，意为“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（以……）代替，取代”（常用搭配：substitute for sb. / sth.; substitute A for B; substitute B with / by A）（句4—句7）。
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 我们得把这把破损的椅子换成新的。
We must ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the broken one.
2. 这门课教的是理论，但没有任何东西能代替实践经验。
The course teac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hes you the theory, but ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ practical experience.2-1-c-n-j-y
3. 大夫所能给你的忠告是无可替代的。
Nothing can __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ ________ ________ ________ your doctor is able to give you.
参考答案
substitute
【自我归纳】代替品，代用品
【即学即练】
1. substitute a new chair for
2. there is no substitute for
3. substitute for the advice
apart from
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳apart from的意思及用法。
1. I hardly know anyone in the village apart from William and you.www.21-cn-jy.com
2. Apart from going swimming occasionally, I don’t get much exercise.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3. Apart from their h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ouse in London, they also have another one in Spain.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
4. Apart from providi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng financial aid, the organisation is also supposed to give technical support.
【自我归纳】apart from可意为“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )除了……外（都），要不是”，后跟名词或动词-ing形式，表示排除或例外，具有except, except for的含义（句1、句2）；也可意为“除了……外（还），此外，加之”， 后跟名词或________，表示包括，具有besides, in addition to, as well as的含义（句3、句4）。【版权所有：21教育】
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
___________________________________
2. 除了阅读之外，他也喜欢音乐。
___________________________________
参考答案
apart from
【自我归纳】动词-ing形式
【即学即练】
1. I have finished apart from the last question.
2. Apart from reading, he also loves music.
wrap up
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着选出wrap up在下面各句中的意思。
( ) 1. Wrap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it up, will you, we’ve heard enough of your complaints.
( ) 2. Let’s wrap up the job and go home.
( ) 3. Be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sure the children are well wrapped up in this sudden cold weather.
( ) 4. I love wrapping up Christmas parcels in pretty papers.
( ) 5. He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wrapped up his meaning in a fancy speech which I couldn’t understand.
A. 包起来，包好 B. （使）穿暖 C. 把……藏在里面
D. 安静点，住嘴 E. 完成，结束
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. In this cold wind, you’d be wise to wrap up well.
____________________________________
2. If you wrap the bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oks up for me, I’ll take them to the post office.
____________________________________
3. We’re hoping to wrap up the talks this week.
____________________________________
参考答案
wrap up
【语境展示】1-5 DEBAC
【即学即练】
1. 这么冷的风，你还是穿暖和点好。
2. 如果你替我把这些书包好，我就把它们送去邮局。
3. 我们希望这周能结束会谈。
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
GRAMMAR
不定式及动词-ing形式的被动形式
我们已经学习了各种时态的被动形态，本期我们将重点学习不定式及动词-ing形式的被动形式。
★不定式的被动形式
【语境展示】观察下面各句中不定式的被动形式的结构及用法，然后加以总结。
1. It’s nice to be wanted.
2. The books are to be sent to the young children.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3. She doesn’t like to be treated as a child.
4. The question to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.
5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves.21·世纪*教育网
6. I want to get some novels to be read.
7. Forty-one people a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re said to have been seriously hurt in the accident. 21*cnjy*com
【自我归纳1】
1. 当不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动形式。它的构成形式如下：
①一般式：to be done（句1~句6）；
②完成式：________（句7）。
2. 不定式的被动形式在句中可以作主语（句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1）、表语（句2）、宾语（句3）、________（句4）、状语（句5）、宾语补足语（句6）、主语补足语（句7）等。
★动词-ing形式的被动形式
【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词-ing形式被动形式的结构及用法，然后加以总结。
1. Being attacked by a shark is a terrifying experience.21教育网
2. Who can prevent their plan from being carried out
3. I saw him being carried away in an ambulance.
4. It seemed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that Rose was not interested in the question being discussed.21·cn·jy·com
5. Having been invited to the party, I felt greatly honoured.
【自我归纳2】
1. 动词-ing形式被动形式的构成形式：
①一般式：being done，表示一个正在进行或与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的被动动作（句1~句4）；
②完成式：________，表示的被动动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前（句5）。
2. 动词-ing形式的被动形式在句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中可以作主语（谓语动词用单数）（句1）、宾语（句2）、宾语补足语（句3）、定语（句4）和状语（句5）等。【出处：21教育名师】
【拓展】
1. need, want, require表示“需要”时，后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The house needs / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wants / requires painting. = The house needs / wants / requires to be painted.
2. be worth后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如：
A lot of the small towns in the area are worth visiting. 21cnjy.com
3. 不定式的被动形式、动词-ing形式的被动形式和过去分词都可作定语表示被动意义，但所表示的动作发生的时间有所不同。如：
The problem to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) discussed tomorrow is of great importance.（to be discussed所表示的被动动作将要发生）
The problem being disc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ussed is of great importance.（being discussed所表示的被动动作正在发生）
The problem d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iscussed yesterday is of great importance.（discussed所表示的被动动作已经发生）
【即学即练】
I. 用括号内（短语）动词的正确形式填空。
1. ________ (protect) by a thick wall, they felt quite safe.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2. I saw Tom ________ (question) by the police just now.www-2-1-cnjy-com
3. Several of our customers complain of ________ (treat) very rudely.
4. ________ (laugh at) in public is a terrible experience.
5. The text ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ (teach) now is much more difficult than the one we learned last week.
6. A lot of buildings in the area need ________ (repair).2-1-c-n-j-y
7. I have been invi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted to a party ________ (hold) in our club next Sunday.
II. 按照所给示例，补全下面句子。
Example：I hate people sending me shopping.
→I hate being sent shopping.
1. The students want someone to teach them.
→The students want _____________________ by someone.21教育名师原创作品
2. The children are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) excited about their parents taking them to the zoo.
→The children are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) excited about ____________________ by their parents.
3. The fans kept on cheering for the players.
→The players kept on _____________________ by the fans.
4. I expect they will eat all the food before 7: 00.
→I expect all the food _____________________ by them before 7: 00.
5. The museum, which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is under repair, will receive visitors next year.
→The museum _____________________ will receive visitors next year.
6. John got injured in the leg, so he wasn’t able to walk home.
→_____________________ in the leg made it impossible for John to walk home.
7. Since you have b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een fined several times for speeding, you should be more cautious.
→_____________________ several times for speeding, you should be more cautious.
8. We saw that people are building a big stadium in town.21*cnjy*com
→We saw a big stadium ____________________ in town.www.21-cn-jy.com
III. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面句子。
1. It’s said that t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he bridge ______________ (正在那里修建的) will be the longest one in the world.
2. When he saw the li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttle baby ______________ (被她的父亲举起), he was surprised.
3. ______________ (被他的歌迷围着), the famous singer couldn’t move forward.
4. ______________ (陷在泥里) for two hours, the boy was saved by the local people.
5. ______________ (在太阳下曝晒时间过长) may do harm to your skin.
6. The student just missed ______________ (被抓住) by the teacher.
7. This question is ______________ (远远没有解决).
8. Your shoes need ______________ (擦了).
IV. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
Space Station Unity ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1. ________ (complete) within the next decade, and international teams of astronauts will then be sharing accommodation for long periods of time. What can 2. ________ (do) to improve living conditions in space Here’s what former astronauts suggest:
Food
It doesn’t taste as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) good in zero gravity. Food should have stronger flavours in order for those effects 3. ________ (overcome). International tastes must also 4. ________ (consider).
Clothing
Layered (分层的) clothi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng could help astronauts stay comfortable. The top layer should be designed 5. ________ (remove) or added as temperatures change.【版权所有：21教育】
Sleeping
Because of weightlessn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess, sometimes sleep 6. ________ (disturb) in fortable restraints (座椅安全带) must be provided.
Emotional Needs
People need “down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time” in space just as they do on Earth. Time ought to 7. ________ (provide) for relaxation and privacy.21世纪教育网版权所有
参考答案
【自我归纳1】to have been done；定语
【自我归纳2】 having been done
【即学即练】
I. 1. Being protect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed 2. being questioned 3. having been treated 4. Being laughed at 5. being taught 6. repairing / to be repaired 7. to be held 2·1·c·n·j·y
II. 1. to be taught ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. being taken to the zoo 3. being cheered 4. to be eaten
5. being repaired ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 6. Being injured 7. Having been fined 8. being built
III. 1. being buil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t there 2. being raised by her father 3. Being surrounded by his fans
4. Having been stuc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k in the mud 5. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time
6. being caugh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t 7. far from being settled 8. cleaning / to be cleaned
IV. 1. will b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e completed 2. be done 3. to be overcome 4. be considered 5. to be removed 6. is disturbed 7. be provided
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
GRAMMAR
转述结构
在转述他人的话、观点或看法时，常常使用转述结构。英语中常用的转述结构有以下几种：
结构 动词 例句
v. ( + that) add, admit, agree ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), announce, believe, claim, complain, declare, explain, insist, promise, recommend, remind, suggest, report, warn等 He believes (that) all children are born with equal intelligence.It was reported (that) an earthquake had happened last night.
v. + sb. + that remind, tell, warn等 They have told us that they are not coming.The man warned us that we should leave here before dark.
v. + if / whether ask, inquire等 The waiter inqui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red if / whether we would like to sit near the window.
v. + to do sth. agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse, threaten等 Laura has promised to do all she can to help.If anyone refuses to pay their bill, send for the manager.
v. + sb. + to do sth. advise, ask, beg, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) encourage, forbid, invite, order, promise, remind, tell, warn等 The doctor forbids him to smoke.Bruce encouraged his son to begin playing the guitar.
v. +动词-ing形式 admit, recommend, suggest等 He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.Dana admitted feeling hurt by what I had said.
v. + (sb.) + prep. + 动词-ing形式 accuse, apologise, blame, congratulate等 Jack apologised for not arriving on time.The boss blamed Linda for being late again.
【即学即练】
I. 按照所给示例，用括号内的词改写下面句子。
Example: Lucy said, “Let’s go to the cinema.” (suggest)21教育网
→Lucy suggested going to the cinema.
→Lucy suggested that we go to the cinema.
1. Alice said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), “David, you should take immediate action to put this right.” (insist)
→_______________________________________________________21cnjy.com
2. Sally said, “You shouldn’t smoke in this room, George.” (forbid) 21·cn·jy·com
→_______________________________________________________www.21-cn-jy.com
3. “It was me. I took the money,” the man said. (admit)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
→_______________________________________________________21·世纪*教育网
→_______________________________________________________2-1-c-n-j-y
4. “You have wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the race. Congratulations!” Carl said to Alan. (congratulate)
→_______________________________________________________ 21*cnjy*com
5. “Would you like to mail these letters ” John asked Susan. (ask)【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
→_______________________________________________________【出处：21教育名师】
6. Amy said, “Remember to buy me the book, Ben.” (remind)【版权所有：21教育】
→_______________________________________________________21教育名师原创作品
→_______________________________________________________21世纪教育网版权所有
II. 选用括号内正确的选项填空。
Last Saturday I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) visited the sleep clinic. Dr. Thorpe called and asked me 1. ________ (arrive / to arrive) at 8:30 that night. He 2. ________ (said / told) me to bring my nightshirt and toothbrush. I arrived on schedule. The technician (技师), Juan Estrada, invited me 3. ________ (watch / to watch) TV in the waiting room. He suggested 4. ________ (to relax / relaxing) there while they got my room ready. An hour later, Juan came back and got me ready for sleep. He attached electrodes (电极) to my body and hooked me up to a machine. I asked 5. ________(that / whether) he could explain why he did so. He explained that the machine recorded brain activity. Juan instructed me 6. ________ (don’t / not to) leave the bed until the next morning. To my surprise, I fell asleep right away. In the next morning, Dr. Thorpe told me 7. ________ (that / whether) except for some leg movements during the night I had healthy sleep patterns. He advised me 8. ________ (get / to get) some more exercise.www-2-1-cnjy-com
参考答案
I.
1. Alice insisted that David take immediate action to put this right.21*cnjy*com
2. Sally forbad George to smoke in that room.
3. The man admitted taking the money.
The man admitted that he had taken the money.
4. Carl congratulated Alan on winning / on having won the race.
5. John asked Susa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n if / whether she would like to mail those letters.
6. Amy reminded Ben to buy her the book.
Amy reminded Ben that he should buy her the book. 2·1·c·n·j·y
II. 1. to ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rive 2. told 3. to watch 4. relaxing 5. whether 6. not to
7. that 8. to get
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。 21cnjy.com
1. In the last thr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee years, Indonesia has had a rough time, suffering several killer quakes and it is still recovering from the Asian tsunami caused by an offshore earthquake on December 26th, 2004. (P10)
【分析】本句是一个由and连接的并列句。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在前一个分句中，suffering several killer quakes为动词-ing形式短语作状语；在后一个分句中，caused by an offshore earthquake on December 26th, 2004为过去分词短语作定语，修饰________。2·1·c·n·j·y
【句意】在过去的三年里，印尼饱受自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )然灾害之苦，遭受了几次致命的大地震，至今仍处于2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成创伤的恢复期中。那次海啸是由一次离岸地震引起的。www.21-cn-jy.com
2. This catastrop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami. (P10)www-2-1-cnjy-com
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。定语从句who have not yet ... in the tsunami修饰________；过去分词loved和过去分词短语lost in the tsunami作定语修饰ones。
【句意】在世界各地许多人的心目中，那场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。2-1-c-n-j-y
【仿写】
① We must make a reply within the ________ (指定的) period. 21*cnjy*com
② Did you read t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he instructions ________ ________ ________ ________ (写在盒子上的)
3. People in agric ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.
(P10-11)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。Peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple是主语。move和construct是并列的谓语动词。without any means to earn their living是介词短语作原因状语。whatever materials they can find是名词性从句作from的宾语，其中they can find是定语从句，修饰________。
【句意】农业地区的人们因为没有任何办法谋生而流向城市，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【仿写】因为没有足够的时间买礼物，吉姆冲进他的房间，用他可以使用的任何材料做了一个汽车模型。
_______________________________________________________
4. An even greate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r number of people live at risk, to some degree, from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years. (P11)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。句子的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主干是people live at risk from earthquakes。to some degree是插入语。which have claimed ... years是定语从句，修饰________。claim在此意为“夺去（生命）”。【出处：21教育名师】
【句意】从某种程度上说，有更多的人处在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。【版权所有：21教育】
【仿写】从某种程度上说，越来越多的人面临饿死的威胁，在过去的两年间饥饿夺去了大约600人的生命。
_______________________________________________________
5. Most disaster ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )experts believe there is the potential that things could get a lot worse. (P11)
【分析】本句是一个主从复 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )合句。 there is ... worse作believe的宾语；that things could get a lot worse是同位语从句，用于说明________的内容。21教育名师原创作品
【句意】大多数研究灾难的专家认为情况可能会变得更加严重。
【仿写】鲍勃认为那本书上说的是对的。
_______________________________________________________
6. Professor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do. (P11)
【分析】本句是一个由and连接的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )并列复合句。and前的分句是简单句；and后的分句的主句是he warns， that the world ... do是that引导的________从句，其中nature can do是定语从句，修饰the worst。21·cn·jy·com
【句意】北京大学的火山专家侯明教授警告人们，自然对人类的最大灾难还没有降临。
【仿写】汉克在北京大学学习汉语，他声称未来汉语将成为全世界通用的语言。
_______________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】the Asian tsunami
2.【分析】people
【仿写】① given ② written on the box
3.【分析】materials
【仿写】Jim, without ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enough time to buy a gift, rushed into his room and then made a model car from whatever materials he could use.21教育网
4.【分析】earthquakes
【仿写】More and more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people were threatened, to some degree, with starvation which has claimed about 600 lives in the last two years.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
5.【分析】potential
【仿写】Bob holds the view that what the book says is right. 21世纪教育网版权所有
6.【分析】宾语
【仿写】Hank, of Beij ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing University studies Chinese and he claims that Chinese will be the language that is used worldwide in the future.21·世纪*教育网
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. In the la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate — something previously seen as beyond our control. (P6)
【分析】本句是一个并列复合句。reach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed和reported是并列谓语，that引导的从句作reported 的宾语，其中something作________的同位语，previously seen as beyond our control是过去分词短语作something的定语。beyond one’s control意为“超出……的控制，不受……的控制”。 21教育网
【句意】最近几十年，科学家们一致认为，人类正在引起地球的气候变化——而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。21cnjy.com
【仿写】由于我们无法控制的情况，今晚的演出被取消了。
_______________________________________________________
2. They claim that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the last 50 years, gases pumped into the Earth’s atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up the process of global warming and affecting our climate. (P6)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句是T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hey claim。that in the last 50 years ... our climate是that引导的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，主语是gases。have been speeding up和affecting（affecting前省略了have been）是并列谓语。pumped into ... vehicles是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰________。2·1·c·n·j·y
【句意】他们声称，在过去的五十年间，工厂和汽车排放到（地球）大气层中的气体一直在加速全球变暖的进程，影响着我们的气候。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【仿写】他们声称，在过去的两年里，由那些专家改进的技术一直在加速生产过程并影响着许多公司。
_______________________________________________________
3. Without these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) naturally occurring gases, the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on. (P6)
【分析】本句是一个简单句。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子的主干是the sun’s rays would bounce back into space。谓语would bounce back ...表示假设的条件可能对现在产生的影响。leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on是“动词-ing形式+宾语+宾语补足语”作________状语，leave意为“使……处于某种状态”。Without these naturally occurring gases是条件状语，相当于If there were not these naturally occurring gases，表示与现在事实相反的假设。
【句意】如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳的光线将会反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生存。
【仿写】如果没有茂密的森林，炽热的沙子将会掩埋这座小镇，这个地方将炎热而干燥，无法生存。
_______________________________________________________
4. A temperature ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )increase of 1 ℉ may not sound like a lot, but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences. (P6)www.21-cn-jy.com
【分析】本句是一个由but连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接的并列复合句。but前的分句是一个简单句。but后的分句中，if we continue to ... huge quantities是if引导的________状语从句，we are ... severe consequences是主句，其中are condemning和should expect是并列谓语。
【句意】气温升高1华氏度听起来无所谓，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的二氧化碳和其他气体，我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。21世纪教育网版权所有
【仿写】每天锻炼十分钟听起来无所谓，但是如果我们坚持这么做的话，我们就可以保持健康享受生活。
_______________________________________________________
参考答案
1. 【分析】changes in the Earth’s climate
【仿写】Tonight’s perfo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmance has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control.
2. 【分析】gases
【仿写】They claim that i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the last two years, the technique improved by those experts has been speeding up the process of production and affecting many companies.
3. 【分析】结果
【仿写】Without ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the thick forest / If there were not the thick forest, the burning sand would bury the small town leaving the area hot and dry and impossible to live on.
4.【分析】条件
【仿写】Ten minutes of exe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rcise a day may not sound like a lot, but if we insist on doing it, we can keep fit and enjoy our life. 21·cn·jy·com
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
