本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
expose
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳expose的意思及用法。
1. Do not expose babies to strong sunlight.
2. You could be expos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing yourself to unnecessary risks when driving alone.
3. In some Musl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )im countries women do not expose their faces in public.2-1-c-n-j-y
4. The report exposes the weaknesses of modern medical practice.
5. As far as pos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sible, the teacher should expose the student to real-life situations.
6. This film had been exposed.
【自我归纳】expose是动词，意为：①使面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )临，使遭受（危险或不快）（常用搭配：expose sb. / oneself ________ sth.）（句1、句2）；②暴露，显露，露出（句3）；③揭露，揭穿（句4）；④使接触，使体验（常用搭配：expose sb. to sth.）（句5）；⑤曝光（句6）。
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1. The report rev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ealed that workers _____________________ (已经遭受) high levels of radiation.
2. The soldiers were w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arned to remain hidden and ________________________ (不要暴露自己).
3. Education should ________________________ (让学生接触好的艺术和音乐).
参考答案
expose
【自我归纳】to
【即学即练】
1. had been exposed to
2. not to expose themselves
3. expose students to good art and music
classify
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳classify的意思及用法。
1. Animals and plants are classified into different groups.【版权所有：21教育】
2. We would classify his novels under “Romance”.
3. In the study families are classified according to their incomes. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4. Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.
【自我归纳】classify是动词，意为：① ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )将……分类，将……归类（常与________, under连用）（句1~句3）；②划分，界定（常与as连用）（句4）。
【拓展】classification n.意为：①分类，归类，分级；②类别，等级。
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1. Patients ________________________________ (被归为三种类型).
2. In law, beer ________________________________ (被划分为食品).
3. The books in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )library ________________________________ (按学科分类).
参考答案
classify
【自我归纳】into
【即学即练】1. are classifie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d into three categories 2. is classified as a food product 3. are classified according to subjectwww.21-cn-jy.com
put forward
【归纳】put forward意为：①将… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…提前（常与by, to连用）；②向前拨，拨快（时钟指针）；③提出，提议；④推荐，提出（某人名字）（常与as, ________连用）。如：
We have put our wedding forward by one week.
The men’s final has been put forward to 13:30.
Put your watch forward — you are five minutes slow.
They put forward a new plan.
We would put ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Frank forward as the candidate for chairman of the committee.
Jane put her / her name forward for golf club secretary.
【拓展】常见的含put的短语还有：
put down意为：①放下；②写下；③镇压。
put off意为：①让……下车；②使反感，使不信任；③搅扰，使分神；④推迟，延迟。
put on意为：①穿上，戴上；②播放；③上演；④假装。
put through意为：①给……接通（电话）；②完成；③使经受。
put up意为：①提高，增加；②建造，搭建，竖立；③张贴。
put up with意为“容忍，忍受”。
【即学即练】用含put的短语填空。
1. Sally ________________ some music while they ate.
2. Alice ________________ a notice about the school trip.
3. Your name was ________________ as a possible team leader.
4. I can’t ________________ a lot of noisy people when I’m working.
5. The soldiers were ________________ eight weeks of basic training.
6. He rejected all the suggestions ________________ by the committee.
7. This afternoon’s me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eting will have to be ________________ because of the heavy snow.
8. Why don’t you _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______________ your bags and have a rest for a minute
参考答案
put forward
【自我归纳】for
【即学即练】1. put on 2. pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t up 3. put forward 4. put up with 5. put through 6. put forward 7. put off 8. put down 2·1·c·n·j·y
give in
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳give in的意思及用法。
1. Finally I gave in and accepted the job.
2. Please give your homework in before Monday.
3. In the end, I had to give in to Mom — she’s usually right anyway.21教育网
【自我归纳】give in意为：① ________ （句1）；② 呈上，交上（句2）。give in后接宾语时常加介词_____，表示“屈服于……”（句3）。
【拓展】常见的含give的短语还有：
give away 赠送；泄露；出卖 give back还给；恢复
give off 发出（气味、热等）
give up 放弃（后接名词或动词-ing形式）
give out散发；宣布；耗尽
【即学即练】选用以上合适的短语，并用其适当形式填空。
1. Jenny kept begging me for a new bicycle, and I finally _____.
2. The old man _____ most of his money to the church.
3. You can’t have a hot bath — the water will _____.
4. We spent half an h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our looking for the keys, but eventually _____ and went home.
参考答案
give in
【自我归纳】让步，屈服；to
【即学即练】
1. gave in 2. gave away 3. give out 4. gave up
subscribe
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳subscribe的意思及用法。
1. Each of us ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s subscribed ten dollars to the fund for poor children.
2. They subscribed their names to the protest about low wages.
3. Many people subscribe to Project Hope generously every year.
4. I subscribe to one daily newspaper and one weekly magazine.
5. They no longe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
【自我归纳】subscribe意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：① 捐赠（句1）；② ________（句2）。短语动词subscribe to的含义如下：① 捐赠（句3）；② 订阅（句4）；③ 同意，赞成（句5）。
【拓展】
1. subscriber订户，用户。如：the magazine’s subscribers 杂志订户 21*cnjy*com
2. subscription 捐赠，捐款；会员费；订阅费
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 我们的图书馆订阅了哪些杂志？
Which magazines does our library _____ _____
2. 他定期给一个动物保护协会捐款。
He _____ _____ _____ an animal protection society. 21*cnjy*com
3. 他们觉得无法接受老一代人的价值观。
They find they cannot _____ _____ the values of an older generation.21cnjy.com
参考答案
subscribe
【自我归纳】签名
【即学即练】
1. subscribe to
2. subscribes regularly to
3. subscribe to
appoint
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳appoint的意思及用法。
1. We’ve appointed three new teachers to this school this year.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2. They appointed James (as) chairman.
3. We must appoint someone to act as secretary.
4. A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.【出处：21教育名师】
【自我归纳】appoint是动词，可意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“任命，委任”，常用结构为appoint sb. ________ sth.（句1），appoint sb. (as) sth.（句2），appoint sb. to do sth.（句3）；也可意为“安排，约定，确定（时间、地点）”（句4）。21世纪教育网版权所有
【拓展】appointment n.意为：①约会，约定；②任命，委任。
make an appointment意为“预约”。
keep an appointment意为“如约，赴约，守约”。
by appointment意为“按约定时间，按事先约定”。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 她是在这家公司被任命为经理的第一位女性。
____________________________________________
2. 让我们约定一天一起吃饭吧。
____________________________________________
3. 这项大工程按约定完成了。
____________________________________________
4. 一位专家已经被指派来协助他。
____________________________________________
参考答案
appoint
【自我归纳】 to
【即学即练】
1. She was the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) first woman to be appointed (as) manager in this company.
2. Let’s appoint a day to have dinner together.
3. The huge project was accomplished by appointment.21·世纪*教育网
4. An expert has already been appointed to assist him.21·cn·jy·com
possession
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳possession的意思及用法。
1. We’ve already bou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght the house but we won’t take possession of it until May.
2. I am in possessio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n of some information that I think will interest you.21教育名师原创作品
3. Unfortunately, we no longer have those records in our possession.
4. Their home and possessions were destroyed in the fire.
【自我归纳】
★ possession意为“拥有， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )占有”（句1—句3），常构成以下搭配：take possession of 占有，占领；in possession of 拥有，占有，持有；in ________ possession = in the possession of sb. 在某人手中，由某人掌握
★ possession意为“财产”时，常用复数（句4）。
【拓展】possess v. 占有，拥有；控制，支配。如：
I don’t possess a bicycle; the one I use belongs to Peter.
Fear possessed him and prevented him from moving.
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 当你离开饭店时请记得随身携带你的私人物品。
Please remember to ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke all your _____ _____ with you when you leave the restaurant.
2. 任何被发现拥有这种毒药的人将会受到惩罚。
Anyone found _____ _____ _____ this poison will be punished.www-2-1-cnjy-com
3. 杰克是个好男孩，他有很多好品质。
Jack is a good boy and _____ _____ _____ _____.
参考答案
possession
【自我归纳】sb’s
【即学即练】
1. personal possessio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns 2. in possession of 3. possesses many good qualities
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
GRAMMAR
倒装
在英语中，有时出于句子结构的需要或为了强调某一句子成分，通常把谓语或谓语的一部分放在主语之前，称为倒装。倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。
一、完全倒装
完全倒装通常是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。常见的完全倒装的情况有：
1. 表示地点的介词短语位于句首且 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语为名词而谓语为不及物动词（如come, sit, live, stand, lie, exist等）时。如： 21*cnjy*com
From the window came the beautiful sound of music.
On the table stood two glasses and an empty bottle.
2. out, in, up, down, off, here, there, now, then等副词位于句首且主语为名词时。如：
Down fell half a dozen apples.
Here comes the bus.
注意：主语为人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：
Here she comes!
3. 在there be结构中。如：
There is a man at the door who wants to see you.
4. 作表语的形容词、过去分词等位于句首且主语为名词时。如：
Present at th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e meeting were Professor Smith, Professor Brown, Sir Hugh and many other famous people.21世纪教育网版权所有
Gone are the da ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys when they could do what they liked to the people in the country.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装通常是把谓语的一部分（如助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。常见的部分倒装的情况有：
1. 含有否定意义的副词（如hardly, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )never, little, seldom等）、短语（如by no means, in no way, in no time, on no condition等）或连词（如no sooner, not only, not until等）位于句首时。如：21教育网
Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.21cnjy.com
In no time will you be all right.
No sooner had we reached home than it began pouring.www.21-cn-jy.com
注意：
①not only ... but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )also ... 连接两个并列分句时，如果not only位于句首，则前一分句倒装，后一分句仍然用陈述语序。如：www-2-1-cnjy-com
Not only did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he complain about the food, but he also refused to pay for it.
②not until后跟状语从句位于句首时，从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。如：
Not until I began to work did I realise how much time I had wasted. 21教育名师原创作品
2. only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如:
Only then did she realise the stress he was under.
Only in this house do I feel safe and secure.
Only because ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
注意：如果only修饰主语位于句首时，句子不倒装。如：
Only a few students got the answer to this question right. 2·1·c·n·j·y
3. so, neither, nor位于句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。如：
I like singing and so does Helen.
James didn’t attend the meeting and neither / nor did Jane.【版权所有：21教育】
4. as引导让步状语从句时。此时常将表语、状语或动词提前（若表语是名词，则其前不加冠词）。如：
Strange as it may seem, it’s true.
Child as he is, he speaks English very well.
Much as I like it, I will not buy it.
Try as he might, he couldn’t open the box.
5. 在so / such ... that …结构中，so或such置于句首时。如：
So much did he wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry about his sister that he couldn’t sleep at night.2-1-c-n-j-y
Such a loud voice d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id he speak in that even people in the next house could hear him.
注意：如果谓语动词为be时，则为完全倒装。如：
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.
6. 虚拟条件句将if省略时。此时将were, had, should等移至主语前。如：
Were it not for their help, we wouldn’t be able to do so well.
Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train.
Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.
【即学即练】
I. 根据汉语意思补全下面句子。
1. 直到她看到礼物才感到高兴。
Not until she _______________.
2. 在房子前面有两棵很高的树。
In front of the house _______________.
3. 詹姆斯没有参加会议， 简也没有。
James didn’t attend the meeting and _______________.
4. 他说话声音那样大，隔壁屋里的人都能听见。
So loudly _______________ that even people in the next room could hear him.
II. 根据括号内所给的提示改写下面句子，使句意保持不变。
1. Frank has promised to finish the work this weekend.（强调Frank）
2. Evan was shocked completely by the news.（强调the news）
【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3. Over 500 stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents from eight Beijing universities and colleges were attending the meeting.（强调from eight Beijing universities and colleges）
4. The team cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )imbed the top of the mountain last summer.（强调last summer）
5. Robert looked upon Simon as a trusted friend.（强调Simon）21*cnjy*com
III. 将下面短文中的画线部分改写为倒装句。
I would never need to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )worry about the future again! There would be no need for me to borrow money from friends under any situation! Things had seldom looked so bright! But I didn’t know at the time that my luck was soon to change ...
I had hardly go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the money when the shares (股份) fell quickly on the Stock Exchange (证券交易所). I had no sooner begun to enjoy my wealth than I was again reduced to my former poor state. A line that went sharply down lay on the screen. I felt so disappointed. I waited for it to go up, but I was never again to experience that feeling of sudden luck. I realised only after many years of hard work that money alone does not lead to happiness and success.
1. _____________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________【出处：21教育名师】
参考答案
【即学即练】
I.
1. saw the present did she feel happy 2. stand two tall trees【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
3. neither / nor did Jane 4. did he speak
II. 1. It was Frank wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o / that has promised to finish the work this weekend.
2. It was the news that shocked Evan completely.
3. It was fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m eight Beijing universities and colleges that over 500 students were attending the meeting.
4. It was last summer that the team climbed the top of the mountain.
5. It was Simon who / that Robert looked upon as a trusted friend.
III.
1. Never would I need to worry about the future again!
2. Seldom had things looked so bright!
3. Hardly had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I got the money when the shares fell quickly on the Stock Exchange.
4. On the screen lay a line that went sharply down.21·cn·jy·com
5. Only after many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) years of hard work did I realise that money alone does not lead to happiness and success.21·世纪*教育网
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。 2·1·c·n·j·y
1. One of their men ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), speaking in English, remarked that he had worked in England for some years and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over.21·世纪*教育网
(P24)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句主语是One of their men，谓语是remarked，后接两个由that引导的并列宾语从句。speaking in English是动词-ing形式短语作后置定语，修饰One of their men；在第二个宾语从句中when it was over是状语从句。
【句意】他们中一个说英语的人，提到了他在英国工作过几年，他说他早就烦透了这场战争，如果战争结束他会非常高兴。21·cn·jy·com
【仿写】杰克的妈妈打电话说她要来巴黎，并且已经预订了明天的票。
_______________________________________________________
2. We’d form ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed a bond and during the whole of Boxing Day we never fired a shot and they the same; each side seemed to be waiting for the other to set the ball rolling. (P24)
【分析】本句是一个并列句。分号前的分句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，they the same是省略形式，其完整形式为_______________; 分号后的分句中，set the ball rolling意为“开始谈话或活动”，其中set可以换为start或get。21世纪教育网版权所有
【句意】我们已经形成了一种联系，圣诞节第二天，我们一枪也没有打，他们也没有打，双方好像都在等待对方先开火。www.21-cn-jy.com
【仿写】乔治讲了个笑话拉开了晚会的帷幕。
_______________________________________________________
3. This patient ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )still had fresh scars from his first visit to us and this time he’d had both his legs blown off — he was all of about twenty years old. (P25)2-1-c-n-j-y
【分析】本句是一个由and连接的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )并列句。had both his legs blown off是have sth. done结构，意为“遭遇……，经历……”。破折号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明；all of sth.可用来强调数量、体积等，在此强调这个士兵年龄小，暗示着战争的残酷。
【句意】这个病人还带着上次在我们这里住院时留下的新鲜伤疤，而这次他的双腿被炸掉了——他也就二十来岁。21cnjy.com
【仿写】史密斯夫妇度假期间家里被盗了。
_______________________________________________________
4. It took a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lot for him to do that, and it sort of said what this war was all about to me. (P25)
【分析】本句是一个由and连接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的并列复合句。and前的分句中，It是形式主语，to do that是真正的主语。and后的分句中，it是主语，said是谓语动词，从句what this war was all about to me作said的________。sort of在此意为“有几分，有那么一点”，作状语修饰said；said在此意为“表明，显示，表达（思想、感情）”。www-2-1-cnjy-com
【句意】他那么做很需要勇气，也多少表达了我对这场战争的看法。
【仿写】吉姆花了很多时间进行这项调查，这多少表明了他对它有多重视。
_______________________________________________________
5. We didn’t kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow if it still had its bombs aboard or if it was coming back from Germany, so we didn’t dare go near it. (P25)
【分析】本句是一个由so连接的并列 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )复合句，so连接的两个分句之间是因果关系。so前的分句中，主句是________, know的宾语是由or连接的两个并列的if从句。so后的分句是一个简单句。21教育网
【句意】我们不知道飞机上还有没有炸弹，或是不是从德军那边过来的，所以不敢靠近。
【仿写】我不知道她是不是害羞，或是不是已准备好了一切，所以不敢让她站在大家面前。
_______________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【仿写】Jack’s mother ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )phoned to say that she was coming to Paris and that she had booked a ticket for tomorrow.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2.【分析】they never fired a shot either;
【仿写】George set / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) got / started the ball rolling at the party by telling a joke.
3. 【仿写】The Smiths h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad their house broken into while they were away on holiday.
4.【分析】宾语
【仿写】It took a lot of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) time for Jim to carry out the survey, and it sort of said how much importance he attached to it. 21*cnjy*com
5.【分析】We didn’t know
【仿写】I didn’t k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now if she was shy or if she had prepared everything, so I didn’t dare to ask her to stand up in public. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Yang Ming ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tes being called an alcoholic, but it is the fact that people have classified his music as “noise” that upsets him most. (P20)
【分析】本句是一个由but连接的并列复合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。but前的分句中，being called an alcoholic是hates的宾语。but后的分句是一个强调句，强调的是the fact that people have classified his music as “noise”，其中that people have classified his music as “noise”是________从句，说明fact的具体内容。21·cn·jy·com
【句意】杨明讨厌被人叫作酒鬼，但是人们将他的音乐归类为“噪音”的事实最让他感到伤心。
【仿写】吉姆喜欢被人称为艺术家，但是他在一次摄影比赛中夺得头奖的事实最让他感到高兴。
_______________________________________________________
2. She added tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t it wasn’t so much the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, it was more the way he cleaned his fish tanks.
(P20)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。She added是主句。added后that引导的是宾语从句，宾语从句是两个并列的强调句。第一个强调句强调的是so much the water ... his plants，其中falling onto ... his plants是定语，修饰water；第二个强调句强调的是more the way he cleaned his fish tanks，tanks后省略了that bothered them，其中he cleaned his fish tanks是定语从句，修饰先行词________。21cnjy.com
【句意】她补充说，其实使他们真正烦恼的不是史密斯浇植物时落在阳台上的水，而是他清洗鱼缸的方式。
【仿写】老师说真正使她高兴的不是涌入她办公室来自学生们的贺卡，而是学生们取得的进步。
_______________________________________________________
3. We’d be sitting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) there happily reading our newspapers, when suddenly so much water
would come fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om above that we’d be as wet as if we’d showered with our clothes on!
(P20)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。主干是We’d be sitting ... when ... 结构，表示一件事正在进行的过程中突然发生了另一件事。when引导的从句本身又是一个复合句：that we’d be ... our clothes on为结果状语从句；as if we’d showered with our clothes on为_____状语从句。reading our newspapers是动词-ing形式短语作_____；with our clothes on是with的复合结构作状语。21世纪教育网版权所有
【句意】我们本来坐在那里开开心心地看报纸，突然间很多水从天而降，我们就好像穿着衣服洗澡一样全身湿透！2·1·c·n·j·y
【仿写】
① I was walking ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) along the river bank ________ ________ ________ (突然听到) my name called from behind. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
② It seemed ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (他好像知道) the answer, but in fact he had refused to give it. 21·世纪*教育网
③ I was ________ ________ ________ (如此累以至于) I fell asleep in this chair!
④ When I entered, Nan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cy ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (正和衣躺在床上).www-2-1-cnjy-com
参考答案
1.【分析】同位语
【仿写】Jim likes bei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng called an artist, but it is the fact that he has won first prize in a photo competition that makes him feel happy most. 2-1-c-n-j-y
2.【分析】way
【仿写】The teacher sai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that it wasn’t so many cards flooding into her office from her students that pleased her, it was more the progress her students made.www.21-cn-jy.com
3.【分析】方式；伴随状语
【仿写】
① when I heard ② as if he had known ③ so tired that 21教育网
④ was lying on the bed with all her clothes on
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
shoot
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳shoot的意思及用法。
1. The boy shot at the bird, but missed it.
2. The troops were told to shoot to kill.
3. He shot out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the office a minute ago — I think he was late for a meeting.
4. The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them.
5. A man was shot in the leg.
6. This is just a toy gun — it doesn’t shoot real bullets.
7. She shot an angry glance at him / shot him an angry glance.
8. The movie was shot in New Zealand.
【自我归纳】shoot既可作不及物动词也可作及物动词。
★ shoot作不及物动词，意为：①射击，开枪（常与介词________连用）（句1、句2）；②（使朝某方向）冲、奔（句3）。
★ shoot作及物动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，意为：①射杀，射伤（句4、句5）；②发射（子弹等）（句6）；③突然把……投向（常用结构为shoot sth. at sb.或shoot sb. sth.）（句7）；④拍摄，摄影（句8）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 一架飞机掠过天空。
__________________________________
2. 记者纷纷向几位候选人提问。
__________________________________
3. 一名男子在逃跑的时候被射中了背部。
__________________________________
参考答案
shoot
【自我归纳】at
【即学即练】
1. A plane shot across the sky.
2. Journalists were shooting questions at the candidates.
3. A man was shot in the back while trying to escape.
remark
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳remark的意思及用法。
1. It would be rude to remark on / upon her appearance.
2. Several people remarked on / upon the fine quality of the work.
3. He remarked that it was now time to interview the farmer.
4. “Beijing is a very pretty city,” he remarked.
5. We should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be interested to hear your remarks on the passage we have just read.
6. We saw nothing worthy of remark at the flower show.
【自我归纳】remark既可作动词也可作名词。
★ remark作动词时，意为“说起，谈论， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )评论”。常用搭配：remark ________ sth.; remark + that从句；remark +直接引语（句1—句4）。
★ remark作名词时，意为：① 谈论，言论，评述（句5）；② 引人注目，显耀（句6）。
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子。
1. 安德鲁离开餐桌，说他还有些工作要做。
Andrew left the table, ________________ he had some work to do.
2. 我脱口而出，说她那么年轻。
I couldn’t help ________________ her youth.
3. 关于这里的食物，他说了许多无礼的评论。
He ________________ about the food here.
参考答案
remark
【自我归纳】on / upon
【即学即练】
1. remarking that 2. remarking on / upon
3. made a number of rude remarks
distribute
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳distribute的意思。
1. The mother is distributing candy among children. 【版权所有：21教育】
2. The teacher distributed the new books to the pupils.
3. This kind of butterfly is widely distributed over our country.
【自我归纳】distribute的含义如下：
1. 分发，分配，常用结构为“distribute + 名词 + to / among +名词”（句1、句2）。
2. 分布，常用于被动语态（句3）。
【拓展】distribution n. 散发，分配；分布，布局
【即学即练】从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Aid agencies are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) calling for local volunteers to help them _____ food and medicine to the poor.
A. promote B. distribute C. restrict D. register
2. I think we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) should _____ the cost equally among us. What do you think
A. divide B. distribute C. separate D. expand
参考答案
distribute
【即学即练】
1. B 2. A
in peace
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳in peace的意思。
1. The two communities live together in peace.
2. Please let me do my work in peace.
【自我归纳】in peace意为“和睦地；安静地，平静地”。
【拓展】常见的类似短语还有：in dange ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r在危险中；in relief如释重负；in order状态良好；in silence沉默；in power执政；in progress在进行中； in surprise惊讶地。
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 所有村民都和睦相处。
All the villagers live together _____ _____.
2. 不要讲话，考试正在进行。
No talking. The examination is _____ _____.
3. 我们默默地走回了房子。
We walked back to the house _____ _____.
4. 他如释重负，开怀大笑起来。
He burst into laughter / burst out laughing _____ _____.www-2-1-cnjy-com
参考答案
in peace
【即学即练】
1. in peace 2. in progress 3. in silence 4. in relief2-1-c-n-j-y
sponsor
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳sponsor的意思及用法。
1. The tobacco company sponsors several television programmes. 21*cnjy*com
2. The team is sponso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red by JVC, so the players wear the letters JVC on their shirts.
3. The US is sponsoring negotiations between the two sides.
4. Eva said she was d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oing a ten-mile walk for charity and asked if I’d sponsor her for $1 a mile.
5. The bank had offered to sponsor him at university.
6. I understand Coca- ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Cola is to be named as the new sponsor of the League Cup later this week.
7. I’m collecting sponsors for next week’s charity run.
8. A wealthy spons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or came to the child’s rescue with a generous donation.
【自我归纳】sponsor既可作动词也可作名词。
★ sponsor作动词时，意为： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )①________（句1、句2）；②主办，举办，促成（句3）；③为慈善活动捐资，为义赛捐款（常用搭配：sponsor sb. for sth.）（句4）；④资助（某人的培训或教育）（句5）。
★ sponsor作名词时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，意为：①（广播电视节目、音乐会或运动会的）赞助者，赞助商（句6）；②为慈善活动捐资的人，义赛（或义演等）捐款者（句7）；③（培训或教育的）资助者（句8）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 比赛的组织者在设法吸引赞助商。
________________________________________
2. 她找到一家愿意资助她读完大学的公司。
________________________________________
3. 这些体育赛事是由同一家公司赞助的。
________________________________________
参考答案
sponsor
【自我归纳】赞助
【即学即练】
1. The race organisers are trying to attract sponsors.www.21-cn-jy.com
2. She found a company to sponsor her through college.21世纪教育网版权所有
3. These sports events are sponsored by the same company.21教育网
intend
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳intend的意思及用法。
1. We intend to go to Australia next year.
2. I didn’t intend coming to Germany to work.
3. I don’t think she intended me to hear the remark.【出处：21教育名师】
4. It is intended that these meetings will become a regular event.
【自我归纳】intend是动词，意为“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )打算，计划，想要”。常用搭配：intend to do sth.（句1）；intend ________ sth.（句2）；intend sb. to do sth.（句3）；intend + that从句（句4）。
【拓展】intention n.意为“计划，打算，意图，目的”，常与of连用，其后也常跟that从句或不定式。如：21·cn·jy·com
I’ve no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his.
It was not my intention that she should suffer.
It wasn’t my intentio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n to remove her name from the list — I just forgot her.
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (并不是我的本意) to upset you.
2. He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (打算告诉她所发生的一切). 21cnjy.com
3. I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (打算把这篇报道用作证据) to support my case.
4. Mary suddenly ann ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ounced ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (她卖掉房子的打算).
参考答案
intend
【自我归纳】doing
【即学即练】1. It was not my intention
2. intended to tell her what had happened
3. intend using the report as evidence
4. her intention of selling the house
expense
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳expense的意思及用法。
1. The expense of a good education is great.
2. We won’t buy a car; it’s not worth the expense.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3. One expense followed another until Emma’s money was all gone.
4. It is a great expense to have the whole house painted.
5. We had the car repaired at great / little expense.
6. We were taken out for a meal at the company’s expense.
7. He devoted his time to football at the expense of his studies.21*cnjy*com
8. I want the best you can supply; you need spare no expense.21教育名师原创作品
【自我归纳】expense可作不可数名词，意为“_____”（句1、句2）；它也可作可数名词，意为“费，一笔钱”（句3、句4）。
expense还常用于以下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )搭配中：at great / little expense 花很多 / 少的钱（句5）；at sb.’s / sth.’s expense = at the expense of sb. / sth. 花……的钱（句6），在牺牲（或损害）……的情况下（句7）；spare no expense 不惜一切代价（句8）。
【拓展】living / medical / travel expenses 生活 / 医疗 / 旅游费
【辨析】expense, ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arge, price, value的区别：expense指总的费用或花的一笔钱；charge指（商品和服务所需的）要价，收费；price指商品的价格；value指事物的价值。
【即学即练】选用expense, charge, price或value的正确形式填空。
1. The _____ of the iPhone 4 is too high for me.
2. Food, clothing, light and heating are necessary _____.2·1·c·n·j·y
3. An additional _____ of 15% will be added to your bill for service.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4. The _____ of the British pound is less than it was 100 years ago.21·世纪*教育网
参考答案
expense
【自我归纳】花费，费用
【即学即练】1. price 2. expenses 3. charge 4. value
look into
【归纳】look into意为：①朝……里面看；②调查；③浏览（书籍等），快速翻查（资料等）。
I saw Mary looking into a shop window.
The police are looking into the matter.
I usually look into a book before deciding whether to read it.
【拓展】常见的含look的短语还有：
★look after意为“照顾，照料”。
★look down on意为“蔑视，瞧不起”。
★look forward to意为“期待，盼望”。
★look out意为“小心，当心”。
★look through意为“快速查看，浏览”。
【即学即练】用含look的短语的正确形式填空。
1. I wrote a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) letter of complaint and the airline has promised to ________________ the matter.
2. I’m leaving you her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to ________________ the business until I get back.
3. I’m really ________________ working with you. It must be exciting!
4. I’ve ________________ all my papers but I still can’t find the document.
5. The young man wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ________________ because of his shabby old clothes.
6. “________________!” somebody shouted, as the truck started to roll toward the sea.
参考答案
look into
【即学即练】1. look int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o 2. look after 3. looking forward to 4. looked through / looked into 5. looked down on 6. Look out
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
GRAMMAR
完成时专练
完成时是高中英语语法学习的重点和难点之一，之前我们已经学习了各种完成时的详细用法，下面我们通过练习来复习巩固一下。21·世纪*教育网
【练习】从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
1. Since the time hu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mankind started gardening, we ________ (will have tried / have been trying) to make our environment more beautiful. (湖南2014 单项填空)
2. Sofia looked aroun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d at all the faces: she had the impression that she ________ (had seen / saw) most of the guests before. (浙江2014 单项填空)
3. —Have you heard about the recent election 21教育网
—Sure, it ________ (has been / is) the only thing on the news for the last three days.
(湖南2013 单项填空)
4. The girl h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as a great interest in sport and ________ (had taken / has been taking) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. (福建2013 单项填空)
5. Shakespeare’s pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay Hamlet ________ (had been made / has been made) into at least ten different films over the past years. (北京2013 单项填空)
6. I was really a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ngry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I ________ (was waiting / had been waiting) for over an hour. I almost left without him. 2·1·c·n·j·y
7. Frank just cha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nged jobs again. If he keeps this up, he ________ (will have changed / will change) jobs at least four or five times by the end of the year. www-2-1-cnjy-com
8. Come over to my hou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se around 9 o’clock. By then, I ________ (will have completed / will complete) my history essay and we can go see a movie. 【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【点拨】
1. have been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )trying。由Since the time humankind started gardening可知，try所表示的动作发生在过去，且从过去某时开始一直延续到现在并将继续，故用现在完成进行时。
2. had seen。由before可知，see所表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作之前，故用过去完成时。21*cnjy*com
3. has been。由for the last three days可知，要用现在完成时，故填has been。
4. has been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )taking。由over the last three years可知，take所表示的动作始于过去并持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去，故用现在完成进行时。
5. has been made。由o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver the past years可知，要用现在完成时，又因为Hamlet与make之间是被动关系，故填has been made。
6. had been waiting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。由By the time he finally arrived可知，wait所表示的动作发生在arrived之前，且从过去某时开始一直延续到约翰到来，故用过去完成进行时。
7. will have chan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ged。由by the end of the year可知，change所表示的动作将在今年年底时完成四次或五次，故用将来完成时。【出处：21教育名师】
8. will have complet ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed。由By then及语境可以推测，complete所表示的动作将在九点左右完成，故用将来完成时。
说明：以上所选高考真题形式有所改动。
【即学即练】
I. 从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
1. Tony knew Istan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bul so well because he ________ (had visited / had been visiting) the city several times. 21cnjy.com
2. Chinese ________ (became / has become) one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asian studies program was established. www.21-cn-jy.com
3. She graduate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d from university three years ago. She ________ (has worked / works) for three different companies so far.21·cn·jy·com
4. Don’t worry. I t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hink you ________ (have learned / will have learned) enough Chinese to communicate before you move to Beijing. 【版权所有：21教育】
5. Chef Jones ________ (was preparing / had been preparing) the restaurant’s fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. 2-1-c-n-j-y
6. Bob called ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ________ (had left / would leave) his key at school.21教育名师原创作品
II. 用所给动词的完成形式填空(有的句子需要加上适当的情态动词)。
1. Doctor, I __________ (feel) tired for nearly two weeks. Could you please give me a check-up
2. —Are you available at three this afternoon
—I’m afraid not. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__________ (finish) my work and be having a meeting.
3. Had I told him ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out that earlier, nothing __________ (happen). Now I can do nothing but accept all of it. 21*cnjy*com
4. I was late for the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meeting yesterday. When I got there, it __________ (be) on for ten minutes.
5. We can see no light from his room. He __________ (leave).【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
6. Mr. Smith __________ (work) in the company for ten years when I came and became his workmate.
7. __________ (wait ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) for Jack for nearly half an hour, we got bored and left without him.
8. —May I borrow the book Three Days to See
—Well, it __________ (borrow), but I’m not sure.
9. I wish __________ (not watch) the match. All of the players from our team performed so badly.
10. Bill, you __________ (keep) my MP5 player for a month. Please return it to me right away.
11. —Tony, why are your eyes red
—I ________ (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.21世纪教育网版权所有
12. ________ (spen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
13. —How much do yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing
—Well, the media ________ (cover) it in a variety of forms.
14. By this ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me tomorrow you ________ (get) the answer from the research centre.
15. I finally saw Rob. I ________ (wait) for hours.
16. You are lucky ________ (get) tickets to the concert.
参考答案
【即学即练】
I. 1. had vis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ited 2. has become 3. has worked 4. will have learned 5. had been preparing 6. had left
II. 1. have been feel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing 2. will have finished 3. would have happened 4. had been
5. must have left 6. had been working 7. Having waited 8. might have been borrowed 9. not to have watched 10. have kept 11. have been cutting 12. Having spent 13. have covered 14. will have got 15. had been waiting 16. to have got
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