本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
determine
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳determine的意思及用法。
1. The police are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )still trying to determine the cause of the accident. 21教育名师原创作品
2. Experts have determined that the signature was forged (签名是伪造的).
3. How hard th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e swimmers work now will determine how they perform in the Olympics.
4. Growth environment ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) plays an important part in determining a person’s character.
5. The date of the meeting has not yet been determined. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
6. In order to catch the train, they determined to leave early.
【自我归纳】determin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e作动词，意为：① 查明，测定（句1、句2）；② 决定， 支配，影响（句3、句4）；③ ________（句5）；④ 决定， 决心（干某事）（句6）。
【拓展】be determined to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“下定决心要干某事”。
determination n. 决心，决定
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 这个男孩太粗鲁了，他的父亲决定好好教训他一下。
________________________________________
2. He fought the illness with courage and determination.www-2-1-cnjy-com
________________________________________
参考答案
determine
【自我归纳】确定
【即学即练】
1. The boy’s fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther was determined to teach him a good lesson because he was too rude.
2. 他勇敢顽强地与病魔作斗争。
concern
【归纳】concern既可作动词又可作名词。
★ 作动词时，意为：①（使）担忧；② ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与……有关，涉及；③感兴趣（常用搭配：concern oneself with / about sth.）。如：2-1-c-n-j-y
Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all.
You’d better not concern yourself in such things. 【出处：21教育名师】
He didn’t concern himself with / about the details.
★ 作名词时，意为：①担忧（常与介词about, for或 over搭配）；②重要的事情；③（某人）负责的事，有权知道的事。如：
Tom felt some concern for her safety.
There is growing concern about / over violence on television. 21*cnjy*com
What are your main concerns as a writer
How much money I make is none of your concern.
【拓展】
★concerned adj. 意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为：①担心的，忧虑的（常与介词about 或for搭配或后跟that从句）；②感兴趣的，关切的，关注的（常与介词about 或with搭配）。如：
I’m a bit concerned about / for your health.
I’m concerned that she might have got lost.
They were very seriou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sly concerned about / with the problems involved.
★concerning prep. 意为“关于”。如：
He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
【即学即练】写出下面句子中画线部分的词性及中文释义。
1. There’s a lot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of public concern about modern farming methods. ________ ________
2. The government’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) primary concern is to improve educational standards. ________ ________
3. The story con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cerns a man who is a friend of mine. ________ ________
参考答案
concern
【即学即练】1. 名词；担心 2. 名词；关心的事 3. 动词；涉及，与……有关
give away
【归纳】give away意为：①泄露（秘密），暴露；②赠送，捐赠；③颁发，分发；④失去，丧失，错失（优势）。如：
Tom pretended to be French, but his German accent gave him away.
Look through your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )old clothes and see if you have anything to give away.
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.
They gave away their last chance of winning the match.
【拓展】含give的常用短语还有：
give out分发，散发；发出，放出（光、热等）
give up放弃，不再做（某事）
【即学即练】选用以上合适的短语并用其正确形式填空。
1. Before his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) death, the millionaire ________ all his money to charity and left his children nothing. 21·cn·jy·com
2. All the girls swam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )across the lake except two who ________ halfway.
3. The woman was ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rested because she ________ state secrets to the enemy.
4. Look, some girls are ________ some brochures to the pedestrians.
参考答案
give away
【即学即练】1. gave away 2. gave up 3. gave away 4. giving out
bargain
【归纳】bargain既可作名词也可作动词。
★ 作名词时，意为：①减价品，便宜货；②协议，交易（常用搭配：make a bargain with sb.）。如：
This coat was half-price — a real bargain.
I’ll make a bargain w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith you. I’ll play hostess if you’ll include Matthew in your guest-list.
★ 作动词时，意为“讨价还价，商讨条件”，常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用搭配：bargain (with sb.) about / over / for sth.。如：
He was prepared to bargain about money.
They bargained over the level of wages.
The workers bargained with their boss for a shorter working week.
【拓展】bargain for / on sth.（通常用于否定句）预料到，料想到。如：
I hadn’t bargained for rain, and I got wet.
We hadn’t bargained on being stuck in traffic on the way home.
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. I picked up a few good bargains in the sale.
________________________________________
2. We hadn’t bargained for this sudden change in the weather.
________________________________________
3. They were bargaining with growers over the price of coffee.www.21-cn-jy.com
________________________________________
参考答案
bargain
【即学即练】
1. 我在减价期间买了几样挺不错的便宜货。
2. 我们没有预料到这样的天气突变。
3. 他们正和种植者就咖啡的价格进行商谈。
firm
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳firm的意思及用法。
1. He works for a law firm called Neil and Vigliano.21cnjy.com
2. The sofa is fairly firm.
3. Most doctors recommend sleeping on a firm bed.
4. He is a firm believer in traditional family values.【版权所有：21教育】
5. There’s unlikely ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to be firm news about their progress for some time.21教育网
6. Make sure the ladder feels firm before you climb up.21*cnjy*com
7. I was alw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays very firm with my children — they knew the rules and I made sure they kept to them.
8. They held firm to their beliefs.
9. We stand firm on the policy.
10. They stand firm against drugs in the school.
11. This product claims to firm your body in six weeks.
12. Firm the soil around the cuttings and water them in.
【自我归纳】firm可作名词、形容词、副词或动词。
★作名词时，意为“公司”（句1）。
★作形容词时，意为：①坚固的，坚硬的， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结实的（句2、句3）；②坚定的，确定的，坚决的（句4、句5）；③牢固的，稳固的（句6）；④严格的（句7）。
★作副词时，意为：坚信，坚持 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )（常用搭配：hold firm to sth.，stand firm ________ sth.）（句8-句10）。
★作动词时，意为“使强壮，使坚固，使坚实”（句11、句12）。
【拓展】firmly adv. 意为“坚定地，坚固地”。如：
“I can manage,” she said firmly.
It is now fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmly established as one of the leading brands in the country.
【即学即练】写出下面句子中画线单词的词性及意思。
1. These pears are still too firm to eat. ________ ________【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2. He hasn’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) reached a firm decision on the matter yet. ________ ________
3. You sometimes have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be firm with young children. ________ ________
4. Gently firm the earth around the new plants. ________ ________
5. He shook my hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) firmly and climbed into the taxi. ________ ________
6. If you have to climb up, use a firm platform. ________ ________
7. He’s just started w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orking for a firm of accountants in Cambridge.________ ________
参考答案
firm
【自我归纳】on / against
【即学即练】
1. 形容词；坚硬的 2. 形容词；坚定的，确定的，坚决的 3. 形容词；严格的
4. 动词；使坚固，使坚实 5. 副词；坚定地 6. 形容词；牢固的，稳固的 7. 名词；公司
comment
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳comment的意思及用法。
1. We would welcome your comments on our work.
2. Have you any comment to make about the cause of the disaster 2·1·c·n·j·y
3. I don’t feel I can comment on / upon their decision.
4. They commented that the two essays were rather similar.
【自我归纳】comment既可作名词也可作动词。
★作名词时，意为“议论，评论，解释”，可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，常与on或________连用（句1、句2）。21·世纪*教育网
★作动词时，意为“表达意见，评论”，其后常跟on / upon或that从句（句3、句4）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. She made helpful comments on my work.
___________________________________________
2. 这位官员拒绝对此事发表评论。
___________________________________________
参考答案
comment
【自我归纳】about
【即学即练】
1. 她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。
2. The offici ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al refused to comment on / upon the matter. 或The official refused to make a comment on / upon the matter.21世纪教育网版权所有
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. They spend half th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eir time dreaming up ways of getting rich, and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich. (P8)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句为sb. spends ... (in) doing sth.句型；half their time
dreaming up ... rich和t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he rest of their time thinking about ... rich是并列成分。they would do是
一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词________。once they got rich是状语从句。
注意：定语从句和状语从句中均使用了虚拟语气，表示一种假设。
【句意】他们花一半时间梦求致富的方法，另一半时间则在琢磨阔绰起来后要做的所有快乐的事。
【仿写】
① 她花了许多个夜晚准备报告。
_____________________________________________________________
② 你一旦申请了，就会在48小时内收到回复。
_________________________________, you will receive a reply within 48 hours.
2. But do all milliona ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals (P8)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。do all millionaires find the happiness是主句。that they thought they would get是定语从句，修饰先行词________。when they achieve their goals是时间状语从句。www.21-cn-jy.com
【句意】但是，是否所有百万富翁真正得到了他们实现目标前所期盼的幸福呢？
【仿写】他们是否得到了他们实现目标前所期盼的奖励呢？
_____________________________________________________________
3. There are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man！ (P8)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re are certainly no signs是主句。that引导________从句补充说明signs的内容。21·世纪*教育网
【句意】肯定没有任何迹象表明查尔斯曾经是个富人！
【仿写】有迹象表明，情况正在好转。
_____________________________________________________________
4. He was tired of b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eing a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. (P8)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。He ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was tired of being a person是主句；who had everything in a world是定语从句，修饰先行词person；where many people had nothing也是定语从句，修饰先行词world。21cnjy.com
【句意】他不再想做在许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。
【仿写】南希厌倦了走进那个人们整日忙于工作的办公室。
_____________________________________________________________
5. Charles believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries. (P8)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。Charles believes是主句。that many people ... any worries作believes的宾语。so that引导的从句作________。21教育网
【句意】查尔斯相信很多人期盼着挣一大笔钱以解除烦恼。
【仿写】我认为你应该仔细读一下那篇课文以便很好地理解作者的观点。
_____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】things
【仿写】① She spent many evenings preparing reports. 21世纪教育网版权所有
② Once you have applied
2.【分析】happiness
【仿写】Did they rec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eive the award that they thought they would get when they achieved their goals 21·cn·jy·com
3.【分析】同位语
【仿写】There are signs that the situation is improving. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
4.【仿写】Nancy is tir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed of going into that office where all people are busy with work all day.
5.【分析】状语
【仿写】I think that y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou should read the text carefully so that you can get a good understanding of the writer’s opinion.2·1·c·n·j·y
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
appeal to
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳appeal to的意思及用法。
1. Farmers have appealed to the government for help.2·1·c·n·j·y
2. The police hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.
3. The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【自我归纳】appeal to意为：① ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )恳求，呼吁（常用结构：appeal to sb. ________ sth.，appeal to sb. to do sth.）（句1、句2）；②（对某人）有吸引力，（使某人）感兴趣（句3）。
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. The governmen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (呼吁大家节约用水).21·世纪*教育网
2. Don’t wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry! Let’s ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (请求警察帮助). 21*cnjy*com
3. Bright colours ________ ________ ________ ________ (对小孩子有吸引力).
参考答案
appeal to
【自我归纳】for
【即学即练】
1. appealing to everyone to save water
2. appeal to the police for help
3. appeal to small children
balance
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并从a-d中找出与1-4中的balance相符合的词性及释义。
1. A small child has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to learn to keep its balance before it can walk far.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
2. The salesgirl weighed the vegetable on the balance skillfully. 【出处：21教育名师】
3. Balancing my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door. 【版权所有：21教育】
4. You have to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )alance the advantages of living in a big city against the disadvantages.
a. n. 天平 b. n. 均衡，平衡 c. v. 使（在某物上）保持平衡 d. v. 权衡
【自我归纳】balanc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e在以上各句中的词性及释义分别为：1 → ________；2 → ________；3 → ________；4 → ________。
【拓展】keep / lose one’s balance保持/失去平衡 be off balance失去平衡
out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of balance失去平衡 on balance权衡起来，两相比较
a sense of balance平衡感
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. They were trying to keep their balance on the ice.
_____________________________________
2. He can balance himself on one leg.
_____________________________________
参考答案
balance
【自我归纳】 1 →b；2 →a；3 → c；4 →d
【即学即练】
1. 他们正设法在冰面上保持平衡。
2. 他能用单腿保持身体的平衡。
behave
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳behave的意思及用法。
1. I trust you will behave better from now on.
2. I think he behaved disgracefully to / towards you that day.2-1-c-n-j-y
3. Bob behaved like a perfect gentleman at the party.www-2-1-cnjy-com
4. They never greet each other and behave as if they were strangers.
【自我归纳】behave常用作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不及物动词，意为“表现”，常与副词_________, wonderfully, properly等连用（句1）；behave + adv. + towards / to sb.意为“以某种方式对待某人”（句2）；behave like意为“_________”（句3）；behave as if / as though ... 意为“表现得好像……”（句4）。
【拓展】Do behave！和Behave yourself！是表示命令的句子，意思都是“规矩点！”
behavior n. 行为，态度（不可数）
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 他表现得像是什么都没有发生过一样。
____________________________________
2. 汤姆由于在学校表现良好，赢得了一份奖品。
____________________________________
参考答案
behave
【自我归纳】well; 行为举止像……
【即学即练】
1. He behaved as if nothing had happened.
2. Tom won a priz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e for good behavior at school. / Tom won a prize because he behaved well at school.21教育名师原创作品
advance
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳advance的意思及用法。
1. They have made great advance in medical science.21*cnjy*com
2. The troops are advancing on the camp of the enemy.
3. He asked his employer to advance him a month’s salary.
4. The government advanced the price of petrol last week.
5. Aid agencies say the village had no advance warning of the floods.21·cn·jy·com
【自我归纳】
advance 作名词，意为“进步”（句1）。
advance作动词，意为：① 前进（句2）；② 预付（句3）；③ 提高（句4）。
advance作形容词，意为“________”（句5）。
【拓展】in advance 预先，事先
in advance of ... 在……前面；超前
advance on / towards ... 朝……前进；向……推进
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 在过去的十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。
____________________________________
2. 夜幕降临时，他们已向前推进了20英里。
____________________________________
3. 老板预支了我一百美元薪水。
____________________________________
参考答案
advance
【自我归纳】预先的，事先的
【即学即练】
1. There have been g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reat advances in medicine in the past ten years. 21世纪教育网版权所有
2. They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall.
3. My boss advanced me 100 dollars of my salary.
focus
【归纳】focus既可作名词也可作动词。
★作名词时，意为：①中心点（指人或事物）； ②（眼睛或镜头的）焦距，调焦。如：
Her beauty makes her the focus of attention.
The focus of recent research has been on environmental issues.21教育网
Some of the photographs aren’t quite in focus.
★作动词时，意为：①（使）调节焦 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )距；②集中（注意力、精力等）。常用搭配：focus on / upon，集中于；focus one’s eyes on注视；focus one’s attention / mind on 集中注意力于。如：
Focus your camera on those trees.
He must be very tir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed today — he doesn’t seem to be able to focus at all.
As students, we should focus on studying, not playing. 21cnjy.com
He focused his eyes on his son, smiling.
Although there was s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o much noise outside, Mary managed to focus her attention / mind on her
studying.
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. The inciden ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t brought the problem of violence in schools into sharp focus.
____________________________________
2. 请努力把你的注意力集中在功课上。
____________________________________
参考答案
focus
【即学即练】
1. 这次事件使校园暴力成为焦点问题。
2. Please try to focus your mind / attention on your lessons.www.21-cn-jy.com
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SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Over time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), a lot of soil has been removed, which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River. (P12)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。Ove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r time是时间状语。a lot of soil has been removed是主句。which has ... along the River是非限制性定语从句，which指代________。
【句意】经年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，导致黄河两岸严重的水土流失。
【仿写】经年累月，这张桌子上的油漆已经脱落，导致它的价格降低。
________________________________________
2. In some areas in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Shanxi Province, this has destroyed almost all the land, and has forced many local farmers to move to other areas. (P12)
【分析】本句是一个简单句。________是主语，has destroyed和has forced是并列谓语。
【句意】在山西省有些地区，这种水土流失几乎毁掉了所有的土地，还迫使许多当地农民迁移到其他地区去。
【仿写】一群士兵已经爬上城头并逼迫敌军打开了城门。
________________________________________
3. In fact, it is yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion. (P12)
【分析】 本句是一个强调句。被强调部分是主语you。In fact作状语。to play作role的________。21教育网
【句意】事实上，你才是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人。
【仿写】事实上，一个人获得成功的最重要的因素是自信心。
________________________________________
参考答案
1. 【分析】a lot of soil has been removed
【仿写】Over time, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )paint has fallen off the table, which has caused a fall in its price.
2. 【分析】this
【仿写】A group of soldier ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s have climbed to the top of the city wall and have forced the enemy to open the city gate. 21cnjy.com
3.【分析】后置定语
【仿写】In fact, it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is self-confidence that has the most important role to play in one’s achieving success.21世纪教育网版权所有
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GRAMMAR
不定式
不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和主语补足语。
1. 不定式在句中可作主语。如：
To reach the top is their aim.
★不定式短语作主语时，往往用it作形式主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后，即：It + be +形容词/名词/介词短语+不定式，It +动词+宾语+不定式。如：
It is difficult to keep up a friendship.
It is a pity to waste so much money.
It is just like you to be always ready to help a friend.21教育网
It took them two hours to finish the work.
2. 不定式可作表语，说明主语的具体内容。如：
Her task is to set the table.
3. 不定式可作宾语，其逻辑主语同时也是句子的主语。如：
Jenny has promised to do all she can to help.
★不定式短语作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。如：21cnjy.com
I have long had it in mind to answer your email.
★不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语。如：
Professor Wang gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 21·cn·jy·com
4. 不定式可作定语，通常放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。如：【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
The next train to arrive was from New York.
He has too many things to do.
★当名词或代词前有形容词最高级、序数词或 only修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。如：
The youngest person to enter the programme was just fourteen.2-1-c-n-j-y
The window seat is usually the first one to be taken. www.21-cn-jy.com
Linda was the only one to stay for the whole performance. 21*cnjy*com
5. 不定式可作状语，表示目的、结果等。如：
Davy took a year out to travel and see the world. 21教育名师原创作品
Mike rushed out, only to realise he had forgotten his keys. 21*cnjy*com
6. 不定式可作宾语补足语，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系，二者构成复合宾语。如：
He doesn’t really expect her to pass the exam.
We all supposed him to be German, but in fact he was Swiss.21·世纪*教育网
★感官动词（如feel, see, hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, watch, notice等）和某些使役动词（如make, let, have等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We felt the house shake.
They made the boy go to bed early.
7. 不定式可作主语补足语，与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
He was seen to enter the hall.
【拓展】不定式的各种形式及用法：
不定式 主动形式 被动形式 含义 例句
一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。 1. I hope to meet her tonight.2. Hank was sent abroad to be educated.
进行式 to be doing / 表示的动作正在进行，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。 Jack is believed to be living in London.
完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 1. I was supposed to have told you about it, but I forgot. 2. The church seems to have been built by a good architect.
完成进行式 to have been doing / 表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直在进行。 Bob looks tired. He s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eems to have been studying for the test all night.
注意：不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。如：
I always teach my children not to talk to strangers. 21世纪教育网版权所有
He made it a rule never to open his mail.
【即学即练】
I. 指出不定式在下面句子中所作的成分并翻译。
1. They all felt the plan to be unwise. ( )2·1·c·n·j·y
________________________________________
2. No harm seems to have been done. ( )
________________________________________
3. Just to be doing something was beneficial. ( )www-2-1-cnjy-com
________________________________________
II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。
1. When you do not use your car, ____________________ (你有必要把它锁起来) .
2. The job was not easy, but ____________________ (我们设法按时完成了它) .
3. We thought it a great honor ____________________ (被邀请参加你的婚礼).
4. The old man’s job is ____________________ (照料花园里的植物).【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
5. Nothing will ____________________ (使我改变主意).
6. ____________________ (有人看见她进入了大厦) about the time the crime was committed.
7. He had a strange way ____________________ (使他的课堂生动有趣).
8. ____________________ (要了解这所学校的更多情况), write to this address.
9. I arrived at the shop only ____________________ (发现钱全落在家了) .
10. Can you give me some advice on____________________ (下一步怎么办)
III. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
Mike drove to a tow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n alone. He didn’t stop the car 1. ________ (take) a break although he was feeling tired. As a result, a traffic accident occurred, which caused him 2. ________ (lock) in the car. Although he was injured, he could do nothing but 3. ________ (wait).
Fortunately a gir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l passing by offered 4. ________ (help). After calling an ambulance (救护车), she pulled him out, helped him 5. ________ (lie) down on the ground and gave him first aid. Soon, an ambulance came and Mike was rushed to hospital. 【出处：21教育名师】
The girl named Ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry felt glad 6. ________ (do) such a good thing. When interviewed, she said, “I’ve been in a traffic accident before. A kind passer-by saved my life but he was killed. The man was said 7. ________ (work) on the road helping people in need for ten years. When hearing his story I was too moved 8. ________ (speak). From then on, I decided to give a helping hand to people in need.”【版权所有：21教育】
参考答案
I.
1. 宾语补足语
他们都觉得那个计划不明智。
2. 表语
似乎没有造成什么损失。
3. 主语
做点事是有益处的。
II
1. it’s necessary for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you to lock it up 2. we managed to complete it on time
3. to be invi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted to your wedding 4. to take care of the plants in the garden
5. make me change my mind
6. She was s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een to enter the building / Someone saw her enter the building
7. to make his classes lively and interesting
8. To find out more about the school
9. to find I’d left all my money at home
10. what to do next
III.
1. to take 2. to be locked 3. wait 4. to help 5. (to) lie 6. to have done
7. to have worked 8. to speak
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
GRAMMAR
不定代词
不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )代词。不定代词常用作主语、宾语和定语等。不定代词可分为两类：一类是由body, one, thing等构成的合成代词。如：somebody, anyone, everything等。一类是兼作代词和限定词的词。如：all, another, any, none, both, each, either, neither, other, another, some, any, few, little等。常见的不定代词辨析如下：
1. all, each, none
★all指三个或三个以上人或物。
①可作限定词，修饰复数名词或不可数名词，表示“所有的”；还可与可数名词单数连用，表示“整个”。如：
All five men are hard-working.
All the money goes to charity.
I’ve been awake all night worrying.
②可作代词，代表可数的东西或不可数的东西，在句中作主语、宾语等。如：
All of them were against the plan.
I know that all was well with her.
Take all of it.
★each述说对象至少有两个，表示注意力集中在个别项目上，其构成成分各具特征。
①可作限定词，表示“每一个”,修饰可数名词单数。如：
Each year, hundreds of animals are killed in this way. 21教育网
Each student was given a prize.
②可作代词，在句中作主语、宾语等。如：
Each of the answers is worth 20 points.
He gave an apple to each of the children.
★none作代词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中“没有一个”，可作主语或宾语等。如：
None dared to do it.
Some people own several houses, while others have none.2·1·c·n·j·y
2. both, either, neither
★both表示“两者都……”，可作限定词，还可作主语或宾语。如：
There are shops on both sides of the street.
Are both of us invited, or just you
I like these shirts. I’ll take both (of them).
★either表示“两者中的任何一个”， 可作限定词，还可作主语或宾语。如：
Her parents were sitting on either side of her.
Which movie do you want to see Either will be fine.www-2-1-cnjy-com
There were two dogs there but I didn’t like either of them.2-1-c-n-j-y
★neither表示“两者都不”，可作限定词，还可作主语或宾语等。如：
Neither woman seemed sure of what to say.
We’ve got two TVs, but neither works properly.
I know neither of them.
3. other, another
★other
①可作限定词，表示“另外的，别的，其他的”，常用于复数前。如：
The product has many other time-saving features.
②可作代词，在句中作主语或宾语。如：
One of the boys is named Tom, the other named Sam.www.21-cn-jy.com
Some people came by car, others came on foot.
He raised one arm and then the other.
I don’t like this one. Have you got any others
★another
①可作限定词，多用于单数名词前，表示“又一个”或“（不同类的）另外一个，其他一种”。如：
He’s writing another novel.
In another two weeks it’ll be finished.
②可作代词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“另外一个”。如：
Then another put up his hand.
This shirt is too big; I’ll try another.
Saying is one thing and doing another.
4. some, any
①some和any都可用作限定词，表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示“一些”。通常，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句及否定句。二者既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。如：21世纪教育网版权所有
She bought some biscuits.
Did he catch any fish
I have hardly any spare time.
②some和any都可作代词，指代人或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其他可数的事物，也可指代不可数的事物，可作主语或宾语等。通常，some用于肯定句，any用于疑问句及否定句。如：
Some of them can speak Russian.
I don’t need any more money — I’ve still got some.21·cn·jy·com
Did any of your photos come out well
I don’t expect to see any of them there.
【即学即练】
I. 从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
1. I’ll spend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )half of my holiday practicing English and ________ (another / the other) half learning drawing. 【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2. Patrick ate ________ (some / any) bread and salad for lunch.21·世纪*教育网
3. We can buy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do ________ (all / both).
4. —Would you like tea or coffee
— ________ (Either / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Neither), thank you. I’ve just had some water.
5. In my opinion, ________ (each / all) book on the shelf is worth reading.
6. My brother would li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke to buy a good watch but ________ (none / neither) was available from that shop. 21*cnjy*com
II. 选用方框内合适的单词完成下面句子（有多余选项）。
all, each, none, both, either, neither, other, another, some, any
1. If there ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e any new magazines in the library, get ________ for me.21cnjy.com
2. I promise that I won’t lose ________ of the books.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3. You may continue on the ________ side of the paper.【出处：21教育名师】
4. Isn’t there ________ word that has the same meaning 【版权所有：21教育】
5. I wish I could offer you some cake but there’s ________ left.21教育名师原创作品
6. I’ve lived in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) New York and Chicago, but I don’t like ________ city very much.
7. She has written tw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o novels, ________ of which have been made into television series.
8. We asked both Jo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hn and Jerry, but ________ one could offer a satisfactory explanation.
参考答案
I. 1. the other ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. some 3. both 4. Neither 5. each 6. none
II. 1. some 2. any 3. other 4. another / any 5. none 6. either 7. both 8. neither
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