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SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. Widespread pov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erty in Africa means that many people there cannot get the water, clothing, housing, electricity or education they need. (P22)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。Wide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spread poverty in Africa means是主句。that引导的是宾语从句，其中they need是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词________。
【句意】非洲普遍的贫困意味着那里的许多人不能获得他们需要的饮用水、衣服、房屋、电及教育。
【仿写】高房价意味着很多年轻人在他们工作的大城市买不起房子。
____________________________________________________
2. They want the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) leaders to cancel the debt of Africa’s poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse. (P22)
【分析】 本句是一个主从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )复合句。They want ... poorest countries是主句。so that引导________状语从句。prevent ... from doing sth.结构中的from在主动语态中可省略，在被动语态中不可省略。21教育网
【句意】 他们希望这些国家的领导人取消非洲最贫困国家的债务，以使那里的问题不再恶化。
【仿写】
① 我睡了个午觉，为的是不在音乐会上睡着。
I had an afternoon n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ap ____________ I wouldn’t fall asleep at the concert.
② 法律禁止业主进行任何大的改动。
The owner ____________ by law ____________ any major changes.
3. Prince Willia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m, who is now in New Zealand, said he was delighted that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London and he was looking forward to the Games. (P23)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rince William said是主句。who is now in New Zealand是非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Prince William的情况。he was delighted … London和he was looking forward to the Games是said的并列宾语, 前一个宾语用了“主语+系动词+形容词 +从句”的结构。21世纪教育网版权所有
【句意】正在新西兰的威廉王子说，他很高兴伦敦将主办2012年奥运会，他期待着奥运会的到来。
【仿写】正在美国学习的李华说，他很高兴父母即将去看他，他期待着在洛杉矶见到他们。
____________________________________________________
参考答案
1. 【分析】water, clothing, housing, electricity or education21cnjy.com
【仿写】High hou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se prices mean that many young people can’t afford to buy houses in the big cities where they work.21·cn·jy·com
2.【分析】目的
【仿写】① so that ② is prevented; from making www.21-cn-jy.com
3. 【仿写】Li Hua, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who is now studying in USA, said he was pleased that his parents would go to see him and he was looking forward to meeting them in Los Angeles.
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
GRAMMAR
高考英语被动语态考点点拨
考点一：主动语态还是被动语态
语态是用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系的。当 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。我们要学会充分利用具体语境，根据题干所反映的主语与谓语动词之间的关系，判断是主动还是被动，从而选用正确的语态。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
【考例回顾】
从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
1. To my delight, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I ________ (was chosen / had chosen) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. (福建2015)www-2-1-cnjy-com
2. Shakespeare’s pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay Hamlet ________ (has made / has been made) into at least ten different films over the past years. (北京2013)【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【点拨】
1. 句子主语I是谓语动词choose的承受者，需用被动语态，故选was chosen。
2. 句子主语Shakespeare’s play Hamlet是谓语动词make的承受者，需用被动语态，故选has been made。21教育名师原创作品
考点二：不同时态的被动语态
语态多是和时态结合起来考查，所以要根据题干中的时间状语及其它动词的时态及句意来确定被考查对象的时态。
【考例回顾】
从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
1. It is reported th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at a space station ________ (will be built / has been built) on the moon in years to come. (安徽2015)【版权所有：21教育】
2. —Did you enjoy the party
—Yes. We ________ (would be treated / were treated) well by our hosts. (北京2015)
3. Unless some ext ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ra money ________ (was found / is found), the theatre will close. (2014大纲全国卷)
4. We won’t start t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he work until all the preparations ________ (will be made / have been made). (天津2014)
5. After schoo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________ (was decorated / was being decorated). (安徽2012)
【点拨】
1. 时间状语in years to come（在未来的几年内）表示的是将来的时间，因此用一般将来时，故选will be built。
2. 由问句可知参加聚会是发生在过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故选were treated。
3. 句意为“除非找到额外 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的资金，否则这家剧院就得关闭了”。由语境可知，此处Unless引导条件状语从句，又因主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，故选is found。
4. 根据主句中的关键词语won’t st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )art是一般将来时可知，until引导的时间状语用一般现在时或现在完成时代替将来时，故选have been made。21·cn·jy·com
5. 本题涉及一般过去时和过去进行时的区别， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前者表示“已完成”，后者强调“正在进行或尚未完成”。根据语境，装修阅览室的工作当时正在进行，故选was being decorated。
考点三：“get +过去分词”表示的被动语态
在口语或非正式文体中，常用“get +过去分词”来表示被动意义。
【考例回顾】
从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
While waiting for th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e opportunity to get ________ (promoting / promoted), Henry did his best to perform his duty. (安徽2014)2-1-c-n-j-y
【点拨】此处为get型被动语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )态，即“get +过去分词”。句意为“在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽力履行好自己的职责”，故选promoted。
说明：以上所选高考真题形式有所改动。
【即学即练】
I. 从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
1. Experiments o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f this kind ________ (have been carried out / had been carried out) in both the U. S. and Europe well before the Second World War. 21cnjy.com
2. If nothing ________ (will do / is done), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
3. We are confident ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the environment ________ (will be improved / is improved ) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. www.21-cn-jy.com
4. They are livin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g with their parents for the moment because their own house ________ (is being rebuilt / is rebuilt ). 21·世纪*教育网
5. Food supplies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the flooded area ________ (are running out / have been run out ). We must act immediately before there’s none left. 【出处：21教育名师】
6. —Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes, fortunately no one ________ (was hurt / has hurt).
7. Don’t worry. The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) hard work that you do now ________ (will be repaid / has been repaid) later in life.
8. The letters fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the boss ________ (were put / put) on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later.
9. All visitors to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this village ________ (are treated / are treating) with kindness.
10. In the last few ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) years thousands of films ________ (have produced / have been produced) all over the world.
II. 将下面句子中的主动语态改为被动语态。
1. People are discussing this question at the meeting.
______________________________________
2. It’s not so easy to cheat me.
______________________________________
3. Someone will look into this matter in the future.21世纪教育网版权所有
______________________________________
4. Mr. Brown ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will have taught this class for two years by next summer. 21*cnjy*com
______________________________________
5. You must do this as soon as possible.
______________________________________
III. 用所给动词的正确形式完成下面的短文。
So far, many sigh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tings of UFOs or unidentified flying objects (不明飞行物) 1. ________ (report) by people all over the world. They are most often sighted in remote areas — farms and fields, etc. Generally, UFOs 2. ________ (describe) as round or saucer (茶碟) like. That is why they have also been named “flying saucers”.21*cnjy*com
A few years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ago, a flying saucer 3. ________ (report) by a man in a small town in Georgia. According to the newspaper account, the man 4. ________ (follow) by the UFO for more than 20 minutes. He said that a strange light 5. ________ (give) off by the UFO. Lights on flying saucers have been reported by others as well. It seems that the lights are a form of communication. Some people said that they 6. ________ (take) away by force by these lighted ships. Once on board the UFO, they 7. ________ (examine) with instruments that they had never seen before.
Are these stories ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) fact or fiction No one really knows, but one thing is certain. Flying saucers 8. ________ (be) a popular topic in newspapers and movies for years.21教育网
参考答案
I.
1. had been carr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied out 2. is done 3. will be improved 4. is being rebuilt 5. are running out
6. was hurt 7. will be repaid 8. were put 9. are treated 10. have been produced
II.
1. This question is being discussed at the meeting.2·1·c·n·j·y
2. I am not so easily cheated.
3. This matter will be looked into in the future.
4. This class ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will have been taught by Mr. Brown for two years by next summer.
5. This must be done as soon as possible.
III. 1. have be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en reported 2. are described 3. was reported
4. was followed 5. was given 6. had been taken
7. were examined 8. have been
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WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
consist of
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳consist of的意思及用法。
1. The class consists of fifty students.
2. His breakfast consists of dry bread and a glass of milk.21世纪教育网版权所有
【自我归纳】consist of意为“________”，不用于被动语态和进行时。
【拓展】
★be made up of是consist of的同义短语，常用整体作主语，表示整体由部分组成。如：
This book is made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up of / consists of twelve separate short stories.www-2-1-cnjy-com
★make up意为“组成，构成”，其主语通常为组成一个整体的部分。如：
Nine players make up a team.
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 联合王国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰构成。
The United Kin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gdom ________ ________ Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. 汽车由许多零部件组成。
A car ________ ________ ________ ________ many different parts.
3. 这是一个由五栋楼和一个公园构成的小区。
This is a neighbourhood ________ ________ five buildings and a park.
4. 弗兰克、埃玛和他们的女儿组成了这个家庭。
Frank, Emma and their daughter ________ ________ this family.21教育网
参考答案
consist of
【自我归纳】由……组成/构成
【即学即练】1. con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sists of 2. is made up of 3. consisting of 4. make up
approach
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳approach的意思及用法。
1. As you approach the town, you’ll see the college on the left.21·cn·jy·com
2. With winter approaching, many animals are storing food.www.21-cn-jy.com
3. There is no one who even approaches his talents.21·世纪*教育网
4. She hadn’t heard his approach and jumped as the door opened.2·1·c·n·j·y
5. Many kinds of birds fly to the south at the approach of winter. 21*cnjy*com
6. The approach to the town leads through the woods.2-1-c-n-j-y
7. We need to try other approaches to the problem.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
【自我归纳】approach既可作动词也可作名词。
★作动词时，意为“（在距离、时间、水平等方面）接近、靠近、临近”（句1-句3）。
★作名词时，意为：①接近，靠近，临近（句4和句5）；②路径，途径（句6）；③方法（后常接介词________）（句7）。【出处：21教育名师】
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. As we approached the library, we saw Paul.
______________________________________
2. His approaches to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) educating children are different from those of my parents.
______________________________________
参考答案
approach
【自我归纳】to
【即学即练】
1. 我们走近图书馆的时候，看到了保罗。
2. 他教育孩子的方法和我父母的不一样。
conclude
【归纳】
★conclude作“得出结论，断定” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )讲时，常用于以下结构：conclude sth. from sth.; conclude (from sth.) that ...。如：21*cnjy*com
Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them
He concluded (from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )their words) that they were not in favour of the plan.
★conclude作“（使）结束 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，终止”讲时，常用于conclude (sth.) (with sth. / by doing sth.) 结构。如：
The meeting concluded at 8 o’clock.
My teacher concluded (her talk) with a funny story.
Jane concluded (the speech) by reminding us of our responsibility.
【拓展】to conclude最后，总之
【即学即练】根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. So what can we ________ ________ ________ ________ (从这场辩论中得出结论)
2. When the g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roup discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (以要点结束它).
3. ________ ________ (最后), I’d like to express my thanks to my family.
参考答案
conclude
【即学即练】
1. conclude from this debate
2. conclude it with important points
3. To conclude
go ahead
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳go ahead的意思及用法。
1. You go ahead and tell them that we will be there shortly.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
2. The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned.【版权所有：21教育】
3. While Jane ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was away, Tom went ahead with the work and got a lot done.
4. —May I ask you a question
—Yes, go ahead.
【自我归纳】go ahead意为：①先 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )走，走在前面（句1）；②发生，进行（句2）；③________（常与with连用）（句3）；④（主要用于口语中）可以，开始吧（句4）。
【即学即练】用go ahead的适当形式填空。
1. The athlete quickl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y ________ in last race, which made me surprised．21教育名师原创作品
2. Nowadays, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) they ________ rapidly in their capital construction in the city.
3. The council at last ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) gave us permission ________ with our building plans.
参考答案
go ahead
【自我归纳】开始做，着手干
【即学即练】1. went ahead 2. are going ahead 3. to go ahead21cnjy.com
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网本资料来自于资源最齐全的２１世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
demand
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳demand的意思及用法。
1. Jane demanded an immediate explanation.
2. I demand to see the manager.
3. She demanded that he (should) return the books within two weeks.21cnjy.com
4. Keeping a diary demands patience.
5. You shouldn’t always give in to his demands.
6. There is a great demand for this article.
【自我归纳】demand既可作动词也可作名词。
★demand作动词时，意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“________”，可跟名词（或代词）、不定式或从句 (从句谓语用“should +动词原形”，should可省略)（句1-句3）；demand意为“需要”（句4）。
★demand作名词时，意为“要求”（句5）；“需求”（句6）。
【拓展】
★in demand意为“有需求”。如：
These goods are not in demand now.
★ make demands on / of ... 意为“对 提出要求”。如：
This work makes great demands on / of my time.
She was determined to make strict demands on / of herself.21·cn·jy·com
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 经理要求工人加班，以提前完成任务。
___________________________________
2. The new teaching object makes great demands of the teacher.21·世纪*教育网
__________________________________________
参考答案
demand
【自我归纳】要求
【即学即练】
1. The manager demande ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d that the workers (should) work extra hours to complete the task ahead of time.【出处：21教育名师】
2. 新的教学目标对老师提出了很高的要求。
belief
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳belief的意思及用法。
1. I admire his strong belief in what he is doing.【版权所有：21教育】
2. There is a growing belief that these policies will not succeed.
3. We need to accept people who have different beliefs from ours.
【自我归纳】
A. belief后常跟介词in，表示“对……的信心”（句1）。
B. belief表示“信念，看法”，后可接that引导的同位语从句，用来进一步补充说明belief的内容（句2）。2·1·c·n·j·y
C. belief表示“信仰”时，常用复数形式（句3）。
【拓展】contrary to popular belief与大家的看法相反
political / religious beliefs政治 / 宗教信仰
beyond belief令人难以置信
in the belief that相信
in the mistaken belief that 误认为……
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. There is a general belief that things will soon get better.21教育网
___________________________________
2. Dissatisfaction with the government has grown beyond belief. 21教育名师原创作品
___________________________________
参考答案
belief
1. 大家普遍认为情况很快就会好转。
2. 对政府的不满已经达到令人难以置信的程度。
host
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳host的意思及用法。
1. Our country hosted the 2008 Olympic Games.
2. The awards ceremony will be hosted by David Frost. 21*cnjy*com
3. The college is p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laying host to a group of visiting Russian scientists. 21*cnjy*com
4. At the end of the party, we thanked our host and left.
【自我归纳】
host作动词，意为：① 主办（句1）；② 主持（节目）（句2）。
host作名词时，意为：① ________（句3）；② 主人（句4）。
【拓展】hostess n. 女主人， 女主持人
【即学即练】根据句意，在括号中写出host的汉语意思。
1. We were greeted at the front door by our host ( ).
2. Do you know which country will host ( ) the next Olympic Games
host
【自我归纳】主办者，东道主
【即学即练】1. 主人 2. 主办
announce
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳announce的意思及用法。
1. They have announced the date of their wedding in the newspaper. www.21-cn-jy.com
2. She announced that she has no intention of leaving her husband.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
3. Gathering clouds announced the oncoming storm.
【自我归纳】announce v. 意为：①“________”，后可接名词或that从句（句1 、句2）；② 预示（句3）。
【拓展】announcement n.（可数）布告，通告；（不可数）宣告，宣布
如：This announcement greatly excited us.
announcer n. 广播员，报幕员
如：A television announ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cer has to speak clearly as well as look pleasant.
【即学即练】根据所给中英文提示完成下面句子（每空一词）。
1. ______ ______ ______ ______ (据宣布) new speed restrictions (限速令) would be introduced.
2. Footsteps ______ ______ ______ (表明她回来了).
3. Attention, please! I have ______ ______ ______ (重要通知) to make.
announce
【自我归纳】宣布，宣告
【即学即练】
1. It was announced that
2. announced her return
3. an important announcement
blame
【归纳】blame既可作动词也可作名词。
★ 作动词时，意为“把……归咎于，责怪 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，指责”。常用搭配：blame sb. / sth. (for sth.); blame sth. on sb. / sth.。如：21世纪教育网版权所有
You can’t really blame Helen for not wanting to get involved.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.2-1-c-n-j-y
★ 作名词时，意为“责任 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，责备，指责”。常用搭配：lay / put the blame for sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人；take / get the blame for sth. 为某事承担责任。如：
Health officials pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.
The company is ready to take the blame for what has happened.
【拓展】be to blame (for sth.) （对坏事）负有责任。如：
Which driver was to blame for the accident
【即学即练】根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. 如果你误了火车，不要怪我。
Don’t ________ ________ if you miss the train.
2. 他们把失败归咎于乔治。
They ________ ________ ________ ________ George for the failure.
参考答案
blame
【即学即练】1. blame me 2. put / lay the blame on
stand for
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，注意并归纳stand for的意思。
1. USA stands for the United States of America.
2. I can’t stand for Tom’s rudeness any longer.
3. I hated the organisation and all it stood for.
【自我归纳】stand for意为：①________（句1）；②忍受，容忍（句2）；③主张（句3）。
【即学即练】翻译下面句子。
1. 我们的旗帜代表着我们的国家。
___________________________________________
2. 我无法忍受像小孩子一样被对待。
___________________________________________
参考答案
stand for
【自我归纳】代表
【即学即练】
1. Our flag stands for our country.
2. I can’t stand for being treated like a little child.www-2-1-cnjy-com
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GRAMMAR
动词-ing形式（一）
一、动词-ing形式的几种形式。
动词-ing形式 例句
一般式(not) doing (主动形式)(not) being done (被动形式) They will put off doing it until next year.What I dislike most is being laughed at.
完成式having (not) done (主动形式)having (not) been done (被动形式) The young man admitted having stolen the car.He prided himself on having never been beaten in chess.
二、动词-ing形式在句中起名词作用，可用作主语、表语、定语和宾语（用在动词或介词后）。
1. 动词-ing形式可在句中作主语，表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示抽象的或泛指的动作，其逻辑主语泛指人们，谓语动词用单数。 有时可用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（动词-ing形式）放到句子后面，作表语的可以是形容词，也可以是名词。如：21世纪教育网版权所有
Hiking is good for health.
Not cleaning its teeth made the dog smell bad.
It will be useless learning a theory without practice. 21教育网
It’s no use asking me. I don’t know any more than you. 2·1·c·n·j·y
2. 动词-ing形式作表语，表示比较抽象的一般行为，说明主语的内容，而且可以转换到句首作主语；也可以说明主语的性质或情况。如：www-2-1-cnjy-com
His favourite sport is running.
Lily’s dream is becoming a famous actress.
3. 动词-ing形式作宾语。如：
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end.
I’m afraid of putting on weight.
4. 动词-ing形式作定语，表示被修饰词的某种目的或用途。如：
He put all the dirty clothes in the washing machine. 21·cn·jy·com
There are many patients in the waiting room.
三、可以在动词动词-ing形式前加上其逻辑主语来强调动作的执行者，逻辑主语常为形容词性物主代词、名词所有格。如：【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
My being late made my boss very angry.
I really can’t understand John’s treating his mother like that. 2-1-c-n-j-y
【即学即练】
I. 指出动词-ing形式在下面句子中所作的成分并翻译。
1. They set up an operating table in a small temple. ( ) 21*cnjy*com
_______________________________________
2. Are you interested in buying second-hand books ( )【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
_______________________________________
3. Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit. ( )21·世纪*教育网
_______________________________________
4. What he likes is playing chess after supper. ( )【出处：21教育名师】
_______________________________________
II. 翻译下面句子。
1. 你介意我用一下你的自行车吗？
_____________________________________________________【版权所有：21教育】
2. 和他争论这件事是浪费时间。
_____________________________________________________21教育名师原创作品
3. 我的爱好是集邮。
_____________________________________________________21*cnjy*com
4. 期末考试到来之前阅览室里总会有很多学生。
_____________________________________________________
5. 在一些偏远地区，错过一辆公交车意味着再等一个小时。
_____________________________________________________
III. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面的短文。
Americans have too mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch stress! 1. ________ (relax) and 2. ________ (enjoy) time with family and friends are recommended (推荐) by doctors. Instead, Americans refuse 3. ________ (follow) this advice. They insist on 4. ________ (fill) their weekends with projects. The average American man can’t avoid trimming (修整) the garden and even 5. ________ (paint) the house. Well, some men admit that they are tired from 6. ________ (do) housework every weekend, but their wives are just as busy. On weekends, women can’t help 7. ________ (shop) for groceries and 8. ________ (clean) the house.
When do Americans rel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ax Well, sometimes they try sleeping late on weekends, or they consider 9. _________ (have) a party. I suggest 10. ________ (get) a maid (女佣) and 11. ________ (let) the maid do the cleaning!
参考答案
I.
1. 定语
他们在一座小庙里架设起了手术台。
2. 宾语
你对买二手书有兴趣吗？
3. 主语
早睡早起是一个好习惯。
4. 表语
他的爱好就是晚饭后下象棋。
II.
1. Do you mind my using your bike
2. It is a waste of time arguing with him about it.21cnjy.com
3. My hobby is collecting stamps.
4. There are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )always many students in the reading room before the final exams.
5. In some remote a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reas, missing a bus means waiting for another hour.www.21-cn-jy.com
III. 1. Relaxing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 2. enjoying 3. to follow 4. filling 5. painting 6. doing
7. shopping 8. cleaning 9. having 10. getting 11. letting
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SENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. As present ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )-day advertisers often have large budgets, a lot of money is spent on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible. (P26)
【分析】本句是一个主从复合 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。As present-day advertisers often have large budgets是________状语从句。a lot of money is spent on ... as possible是主句，其中to make these advertisements as visually attractive as possible是不定式短语作________状语。
【句意】当今的广告设计者常常拥有大量的资金，他们把大笔的钱用在现代设计技术上，以使广告在视觉上尽可能地吸引人。21教育网
【仿写】因为该公司资金充足，大笔的钱被用在了雇用工人上，以尽快完成这项工程。
__________________________________________________________________
2. Modern advertis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive. (P26)
【分析】本句是一个简单句。主干是Mode ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rn advertisements must stand out in a world。full of competition是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰名词________；by combining ... with ideas是方式状语；linked to the products是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰________； to make them more attractive作目的状语。 21·cn·jy·com
【句意】现代广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，才能在激烈的竞争中胜出，使广告更吸引人。
【仿写】一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。
__________________________________________________________________
3. They realise t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is — most people know that the main purpose of the advertisement is making customers spend money. (P26)
【分析】① 破折号之前是一个主从复 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )合句：that it does not matter ... the product is作realise的宾语，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是how attractive the idea linked with the product is，linked with the product是过去分词短语作________, 修饰idea。21世纪教育网版权所有
② 破折号之后也是一个主从复 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )合句用来进一步解释，most people know是主句，that the main purpose ... spend money作know的宾语。21cnjy.com
【句意】他们意识到，与产品相关联的理念多么吸引人并不重要——多数人都知道广告的主要目的就是让消费者花钱。www.21-cn-jy.com
【仿写】你们应该意识到，这个故事是否是作者的亲身经历并不重要——大家都知道这篇文章的主要目的是让游客们了解当地的风俗。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
_________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. 【分析】原因；目的
【仿写】As the compa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny has large budgets, a lot of money is spent on hiring workers to finish the project as soon as possible. 2·1·c·n·j·y
2.【分析】world; ideas
【仿写】A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.21·世纪*教育网
3.【分析】定语
【仿写】You should rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lise that it does not matter whether the story is the author’s personal experience — every one knows that the main purpose of the article is making tourists know the local customs.www-2-1-cnjy-com
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