模板03 阅读理解词义猜测题
年份 卷别 题号
2024 新高考I卷 28
新高考II卷 32
全国甲卷 26
2023 新高考I卷 29
新高考II卷 30
全国甲卷 24
全国乙卷 34
2022 新高考I卷 30
新高考II卷 24、30
全国甲卷 28
全国乙卷 29
题型 真题示例 常见设问/关键词
模板02 句意猜测题 【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2 设问关键词： 1.“mean”（意思是），例如 “What does the word‘XXX’mean in the passage ”。 2.“refer to”（指代），常见问句如 “Which of the following does the underlined phrase‘XXX’refer to ”。 3.“be closest in meaning to”（与…… 意思最接近），像 “Which word is closest in meaning to‘XXX’ ” 这样的表述。 4.“can be replaced by”（可以被…… 替代），比如 “The word‘XXX’can be replaced by which of the following ” 等。
模板03 代词指代题。 【2024年浙江卷1月B篇】What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
考点关键词： 1.熟词生义：一些常见单词在特定语境中出现了不同于其常规释义的新意思。 2.生词释义：文中出现的陌生词汇，需要通过上下文的线索，比如解释说明、举例、对比、因果等关系来推断其含义。 3.代词指代内容：考查像 “it”“they”“this”“that” 等代词具体指代的前文所提到的名词、短语或内容等，往往要从前文中去找与之相关的具体所指对象。 4.短语、俗语理解：对于一些固定短语、俗语等，要依据文章语境判断其确切内涵。
命题预测/考情揭秘 一、命题预测 1)融合情境与实际应用： 1.高考英语词义猜测题将更加注重考查学生在联系实际中对所学知识的融会贯通和灵活运用。 2.题目可能会设置具体的情境，让学生在模拟真实语境中猜测词义，以检验其语言应用能力。 2)注重逻辑与推理： 1.命题者可能会通过增加干扰项或设置复杂的语境来考查学生的逻辑推理能力。 2.学生需要仔细阅读上下文，通过对比、分析、推理等方法来准确猜测词义。 3)涵盖广泛词汇： 1.高考英语词义猜测题将涵盖广泛的词汇，包括常见词、生僻词、短语、习语等。 2.题目可能会涉及不同领域的词汇，如科技、文化、历史等，以全面考查学生的词汇量。 考情揭秘 1)考查重点： 1.生词词义猜测：学生需要运用构词法、上下文语境等方法来猜测生词的含义。 2.熟词生义理解：对于常见词汇在特定语境下的新含义或引申义，学生需要准确理解并应用。 3.代词指代判断：学生需要根据上下文语境，准确判断代词的具体指代对象。 4.短语或句子含义理解：对于由多个单词组成的短语或句子，学生需要理解其整体含义，而非简单地将各单词含义相加。 2)解题技巧： 1.利用上下文语境：上下文是猜测词义的重要依据。学生需要仔细阅读题目所给的语境，结合语境中的信息来猜测词义。 2.注意词汇复现：有时，文章中会多次出现与猜测词汇相关的词汇或短语，这些复现的词汇或短语可以为猜测词义提供线索。 3.运用逻辑推理：学生需要根据上下文语境，运用逻辑推理能力来排除干扰项，选出最符合语境的词义。 4.积累词汇与短语：广泛的词汇量是解答词义猜测题的基础。学生需要平时注重词汇积累，掌握常见词汇的不同含义和用法。 3)易错点分析： 1.脱离语境：学生可能会因为对某个词汇的熟悉程度而脱离语境进行猜测，导致误解词义。 2.望文生义：对于熟词生义或短语的整体含义，学生可能会因为字面意思而误解其真正含义。 3.忽视逻辑关系：学生可能会因为忽视上下文中的逻辑关系而猜测错误。
技巧解读 方法1：关注词的功能。授课过程中引导学生关注构词法、词的情感色彩、同义词、反义词、上下义词。 方法2：关注语篇中的解释功能。引导学生总结解释的几种方式：下定义、定语（从句）、同位语（从句）、举例子、标点符号等。 方法3：关注逻辑关系。引导学生总结几种常见的逻辑关系：因果、转折、并列、递进等。 结合生活常识和文化背景 方法4：结合生活常识和文化背景。 生活常识：在猜测词义时，利用自己已有的生活经验和常识。 文化背景：对于一些具有文化特色的词汇，要考虑相关的文化背景知识。
高考英语阅读理解细节理解题主要考查学生根据文章内容获取特定信息的能力。以下是一个详细的做题模板，旨在帮助学生高效、准确地解答这类题目：
步骤+解题思路
第一步：定位原文 1.仔细阅读题目，确定需要猜测词义的单词、短语或句子在文章中的位置。一般题目会明确指出该词在第几段第几行，或者通过引用原文中的句子来提示位置。 2.标记出这个词及其所在的句子，同时关注该句子前后的几句话，因为这些内容往往包含着重要的线索。 分析线索
第二步：分析线索 1）上下文语境线索 1.观察该词所在句子的语法结构，判断它在句子中充当的成分（如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等），这有助于理解其大致的语义范围。 2.查看前后句是否有对这个词的解释、说明、举例、对比、因果等关系。例如，如果有 “that is”“in other words” 这样的短语，后面的内容很可能就是对该词的解释；如果有 “but”“however” 等词，就需要注意前后的对比关系。 2）利用构词法线索（如果适用） 分析单词的词根、前缀和后缀。比如，如果知道 “tele -” 这个前缀有 “远程” 的意思，“scope” 这个词根和 “看” 有关，那么 “telescope”（望远镜）的意思就可以大致推测出来。
第三步：推测词义 根据分析出的线索，初步推测出单词或短语的意思。如果是通过上下文的逻辑关系推测，要确保推测出的意思在逻辑上是通顺的；如果是利用构词法，要结合整个单词在句子中的语境来确定具体含义。 可以同时推测出几个可能的意思，尤其是对于一些多义词，要结合上下文确定最符合语境的那一个意思。
第四步：代入验证 将推测出的词义代入原文中，看句子是否通顺，是否符合文章的主题、风格和逻辑。 同时，还要注意代入后的意思是否能使前后句子之间的衔接自然合理。如果代入后发现句子意思不通或者与上下文矛盾，那么这个推测可能是错误的，需要重新分析线索并推测。
第五步：检查答案 将选择的答案或推断的词义放回原文中，检查是否合乎逻辑和语境。 确保答案能够使句子或段落在意义上连贯。
模板01 词义(词组)猜测题
【2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选】...These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Understand. B.Paint. C.Seize. D.Transform.
第一步：定位原文定位原文信息:These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.(第二段)
第二步：分析线索 根据句中的but可推知，此处与前面为转折关系。
第三步：推测词义 画线短语“relate to”的意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。
第四步：代入验证 此句意为：这些场景可能绘制于数百年前，但它们记录的是我们都能感同身受的时刻。解题时,根据定位信息的语境排除B项的paint;而C项seize的意思是“抓住;占领;夺取”等,和画线词的语境也明显不符,故排除。
第五步：检查答案 故选 __A__。
（2023·安徽马鞍山·模拟预测）...
However, online interactions can have an adverse effect on existing relationships. 68% of teen social media users report having experienced unpleasant feelings toward their friends on social media and 26% of all teens have had an argument with a friend over something that happened online or over text messages.
The Internet is undoubtedly an invaluable link between people separated by distance. But this link must be based on intimacy and familiarity and a balance of online and offline interactions will pave the way for better relationships in the world.
3．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Lasting. B．Harmful. C．Decisive. D．Noticeable.
【答案】 3．B
3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“68% of teen social media users report having experienced unpleasant feelings toward their friends on social media and 26% of all teens have had an argument with a friend over something that happened online or over text messages.(68%的青少年社交媒体用户报告说，他们在社交媒体上对朋友产生了不愉快的感觉，26%的青少年曾因为网上或短信上发生的事情与朋友发生过争吵。)”可推测，在线互动可能会对现有的关系产生不利影响。划线词adverse的意思为“不利的”。选项A“Lasting(持久的)”；选项B“Harmful (有害的)”；选项C“Decisive (果断的)”；选项D“Noticeable (显而易见的)”。故选B。
模板02 句意猜测题
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
...
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
第一步：定位原文 This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.(第二段)
第二步：分析线索 根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知此句是对前面的解释说明。
第三步：推测词义 作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。
第四步：代入验证 我们记者生活在一个全新的故事讲述时代，拥有众多新颖的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这是新事物。对他们来说，这一切再正常不过了。
春节期间，当我与两岁的孙子坐在沙发上时，我深刻体会到了这一点。
第五步：代入答案 B
（2024·江西·一模）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman.
The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.”
On Aug 20,2020, an oil tanker ferrying 3,000 metric tons of gasoline collided with a cargo ship loaded with sand and gravel about 1.5 nautical miles (2,778 meters) southeast of the Yangtze River estuary, sparking a fire on the deck of the oil tanker and causing the latter to sink. Wan was among the first respondents. She flew to the site from Gaodong helicopter airport, which is the country’s first-of-its-kind marine rescue launchpad(发射台). “The tanker was still burning and there was a thick envelope of smoke, reducing visibility to near zero.” she recalls. And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.
Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.”
9．What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean
A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough.
C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement.
【答案】9．D
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time.(这一职业的高要求性质历来偏向于男性候选人，直到规则首次也是唯一一次改变)”可知，划线部分指的是万秋雯成为首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的事迹，意味着她突破了阻碍女性晋升的障碍，故划线部分与D选项“打破阻碍女性晋升的障碍”意思相近。故选D。
模板03 代词指代题
【2024浙江1月卷】When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
【答案】4. B
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选) An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
Advice. B.Data.C.Tests. D.Laws.
第一步：定位原文 We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior我们需要一些能改变人们行为的有案可查的东西。(画线词所在的句子)If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
第二步：推测词义 根据下文句意如果文本分析仪法案成为法律,他说:“人们会更害怕把手放在手机上。”和原文信息可知, 画线词指代下文中的law, 即法律。
第三步：代入验证 根据原文信息可知,画线词指代下文中的law,即法律。故选D。
第四步：检查答案 考生在解答本题时,要注意画线词后文对答案的提示作用,特别注意画线词前后文的语境。如果忽略画线词后的句子,则很容易选错答案。
【2024-2025学年江西省多校联考高三上学期10月月考】
The Arctic has seen the largest and most steady declines in sea ice’s cooling power since1980, but until recently, the South Pole had appeared more adaptive to the changing climate, according to new research led by scientists in University of Michigan. Its sea ice cover had remained relatively stable from 2007 to the 2010s, and the cooling power of the Antarctic sea ice was actually trending up at that time.
That view suddenly changed in 2016, when an area larger than Texas melted on one of the continent’s largest ice shelves. The Antarctic lost sea ice then too, and its cooling power hasn’t recovered. As a result, 2016 and the following seven years have had the weakest global sea ice cooling effect since the early 1980s.
Beyond the disappearing ice cover, the remaining ice is also becoming less reflective as warming temperatures and increased rainfall create thinner and wetter ice and more melt ponds that reflect less solar radiation. This effect has been most obvious in the Arctic, where sea ice has become less reflective in the sunniest parts of the year, and the new study raises the possibility that it could be an important factor in the Antarctic, too— in addition to lost sea ice cover.
6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The study. B．The warming temperature.
C．The sea ice. D．The effect.
答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段第三行“This effect has been most obvious in the Arctic,…(这种影响在北极最为明显)”及划线词后面“it could be an important factor in the Antarctic, too(这也可能是南极的一个重要因素)”尤其too一词可推测，这两个句子应该主语相同。故选D项。
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·甘肃定西·阶段练习）The European Central Bank, or ECB, has cut interest rates for the first time in nearly four years, bringing them down from a record high of 4 percent to 3.75 percent, leading people to guess that the Bank of England, or BoE, and the United States Federal Reserve could follow suit, sooner rather than later. A statement issued by the governing council of the ECB on Thursday said, “Based on an updated assessment of the inflation (通货膨胀) outlook, the potential inflation and the strength of monetary policy transmission, it is now appropriate to change the degree of monetary policy restriction after nine months of holding rates steady.”
Lindsay James, an investment strategist at Quilter Investors, told broadcaster CNBC that the decision “fired the starting gun”, and could cause other major central banks to take action of their own. “Central banks will not want to differ too far from one another, and with political risk being rising, they also won’t want to be seen as too influential,” she said, adding that the decision ended “one of the most aggressive and swift rate-hiking (加息) cycles in modern times”.
Interest rates have stayed high in an attempt to keep inflation under control, but as a consequence, they have a bad effect on economic growth. The move, James added, would influence the 20 countries in the eurozone by “breathing life into an economy that desperately needs some form of stimulus (刺激)”.
Katherine Neiss, chief European economist at investment company PGIM, told the BBC she was “reasonably confident” there would be another ECB cut in the summer or fall, taking the figure down to 3.5 percent or maybe lower by the year’s end. “Growth is encouragingly recovering from the recession (萧条) that the euro area went through toward the end of last year, but it is still weak,” she added.
Although inflation in the United Kingdom has fallen to 2.3 percent, close to the BoE’s target of 2 percent, interest rates remain at 5.25 percent. The next interest rate decision from the BoE, which is independent of the government, is due on June 20, and although there have been calls for a cut, the fact that there is a general election campaign going on at the moment could affect whether or not one is made because of the political sensitivity of any change during the campaign. He added that he expected to see a rate cut in the US in the coming months, with the country also facing an election, this one presidential, in November.
1．How did Lindsay James describe the last rate-hiking cycle in Para. 2
A．Controllable. B．Slow. C．Rapid. D．Normal.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The growth. B．The investment. C．The figure. D．The euro area.
3．What do the US and the UK have in common
A．They have the same interest rates.
B．They will soon have a general election.
C．They have the same target of inflation.
D．They will raise their minimum wage standard.
4．Which can serve as the best title for the news report
A．ECB cuts interest rates across Europe
B．ECB holds rates steady for nine months
C．ECB updates assessment of inflation outlook
D．ECB’s action influences 20 countries in eurozone
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。欧洲央行基于对通胀前景的最新评估、潜在通胀以及货币政策传导力度的考量，近四年来首次降息，将利率从创纪录的4%降至3.75%。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“adding that the decision ended “one of the most aggressive and swift rate-hiking (加息) cycles in modern times(她补充称，这一决定结束了“现代史上最激进、最迅速的加息周期之一)”可知，Lindsay James认为上一次加息周期是快速的，即她用“快速的”描述上一次加息周期。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Growth is encouragingly recovering from the recession (萧条) that the euro area went through toward the end of last year, but it is still weak,” she added.(她说：“令人鼓舞的是，经济增长正在从去年年底欧元区经历的衰退中复苏，但仍然很疲软)”可知，it指代上文提到的“正在复苏的经济增长”，所以it指代的是“the growth”。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The next interest rate decision from the BoE, which is independent of the government, is due on June 20, and although there have been calls for a cut, the fact that there is a general election campaign going on at the moment could affect whether or not one is made because of the political sensitivity of any change during the campaign. He added that he expected to see a rate cut in the US in the coming months, with the country also facing an election, this one presidential, in November.(英国央行下一次利率决定将在6月20日公布，该机构独立于政府。尽管有人呼吁降息，但目前大选竞选期，任何变化都可能带来的政治敏感性，可能会影响是否降息的决定。他还表示，他预计未来几个月美国将会降，该国也将在11月面临总统选举)”可知，美国和英国的共同之处在于他们很快就要举行大选了。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Based on an updated assessment of the inflation (通货膨胀) outlook, the potential inflation and the strength of monetary policy transmission, it is now appropriate to change the degree of monetary policy restriction after nine months of holding rates steady.(根据对通胀前景、潜在通胀和货币政策传导力度的最新评估，在保持利率稳定9个月后，现在改变货币政策限制的程度是合适的)”可知，文章主要讲述欧洲央行基于对通胀前景的最新评估、潜在通胀以及货币政策传导力度的考量，近四年来首次降息，将利率从创纪录的4%降至3.75%。所以A选项 “欧洲央行在欧洲降息”为最佳标题。故选A项。
Passage 2
（2024·浙江金华·一模）Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala. Over a period of 12 days, I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade. But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure.
Nothing special happened during that night. Rather, the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest, ” said Dr. Mary Poffenroth, a biopsychologist.
She says it arises from our short-term memory’s inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once. So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories, employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neuroscientist, says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip’s end, you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire. “Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful, ” Stephanie said.
To avoid disproportionately (不成比例地)spotlighting the final days, Poffenroth has created a trick: She amplifies (增强) earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded. “I collect little bits that will remind me of that day: a subway ticket, a seashell, a cardboard drink with a pub’ s logo on it. ” Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one, ” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable. ”
1．How did the author feel about the New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City
A．It was boring. B．It was eventful.
C．It was relaxing. D．It was cheerful.
2．What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2
A．It is based on a psychological principle.
B．It is widely used to create lovely memories.
C．It highlights the final part of a series of events.
D．It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
3．What does the underlined word “backfire” mean in paragraph 4
A．Be avoided to some extent. B．Be applied extensively.
C．Produce undesirable consequences. D．Pose unexpected challenges.
4．According to Poffenroth, which of the following may help travelers have good memories
A．Share travel experiences. B．Recall the final days of a journey.
C．Purchase as many souvenirs as possible. D．Purposely gather reminders of a journey.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学中的近因效应原理，即人们倾向于更清晰地记住事件序列的结尾部分。作者通过自己的旅行经历，说明了运用近因效应可以让旅行变得更加难忘。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year's Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure.( 但回想起那次旅行，我印象最深刻的是在危地马拉城的一个新年前夜，在一家毫无生气的酒店里。我没有倒数午夜，而是倒数出发前的几个小时。)” 可知，作者对危地马拉城的那个新年夜感到无聊，因为他在倒数离开的时间而不是新年的到来。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest,(近因效应有助于解释为什么我们倾向于比其他部分更清楚地记住一系列事件的结束部分，)”，这句话说明近因效应强调了事件序列结尾部分的记忆清晰度高于其他部分。C选项“It highlights the final part of a series of events.(它突出了一系列事件的最后一部分。)”符合题意。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据第五段中划线词后面的内容“Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful(以紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或感觉不适来结束一次美妙的旅行，可能足以给整个经历蒙上阴影，导致你对旅行的记忆是糟糕的，而不是快乐的。)”可知，如果旅行以令人紧张的航班延误、行李丢失或身体不适等不愉快的事情结束，可能会使整个旅行体验变得糟糕，从而记住的是糟糕的旅行而不是愉快的旅行。因此，此处强调首因效应有时候会产生不良的后果。故划线词“backfire”在这里的意思是“产生不良后果”，C选项“Produce undesirable consequences.(产生不良后果。)”与其为近义词。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one, ” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable. ”(然后，在最后一天收拾行李的时候，她说：“我会浏览我所有的小宝贝，花点时间回忆每一件。”“这给了我一种结束旅行的感觉，让我的经历变得难忘。”)”可知，Poffenroth认为故意收集旅行的纪念品，花时间浏览自己的旅游纪念品，能够让作者的经历变得难忘即可以帮助旅行者拥有良好的记忆。因此，选项D“Purposely gather reminders of a journey.(故意收集旅行的纪念品)”有助于游客们拥有美好的旅游记忆。故选D。
Passage 3
（24-25高三上·福建厦门·期中）Imagine finding yourself in a spoken word event (also known as performance poetry). You’re attracted by the performer on stage as he conveys his deepest thoughts to the room:
Today I bought you flowers,
How strange meanings can change,
What was once a symbol of joy is now one of pain,
A universal language for when you don’t know what to say.
The crowd is attentive but far from silent. Throughout the performance, you hear clapping and cheers, expressing approval of specific lines. And then the poem ends with thunderous applause and the poet returns to his seat. The performance has ended, but its energy continues to exist throughout the night.
Spoken word events are far from your standard poetry reading. Many people today think of poetry as a silent, individual act but it actually started as an oral (口头的) tradition. Before mass literacy, poems and stories were shared verbally and performed to the public. In modern times, mass media provided audiences with alternative means of entertainment and the art of storytelling declined. The recent and increasing popularity of the spoken word is poetry returning to its oral roots.
The spoken word helps people achieve healing and emotional balance. It shares many benefits with written poetry, including helping us organize our thoughts, process our emotions and promote self-reflection. However, it’s not just the sharing of poetry that is healing. It’s the connections that form between the audience and the poet. This adds to the degree of social connection, which is central to the essence of spoken word poetry. Poets can be themselves in this safe space, where they avoid being judged and laughed at. The feeling of healing also applies to audience members who relate to the poet’s words. Hearing someone who is going through the same feelings or experiences that you are going through or have experienced in the past can make you feel less alone and more connected to others, knowing that the struggles are shared.
The spoken word is an unbelievably accessible art form. There are very few rules, and the form is interpreted fairly broadly. As long as you are performing an original piece which doesn’t include any offensive (冒犯的) content, it will be accepted at a spoken word event.
5．Why is the scene of a performance mentioned in the first paragraph
A．To draw readers’ attention to the spoken word.
B．To call on audience to participate in the event.
C．To inform the content of a spoken word event.
D．To highlight the importance of spoken word poetry.
6．What does the word “verbally” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．In private. B．On stage.
C．In spoken words. D．With enthusiasm.
7．What’s the core of spoken word poetry according to the passage
A．The sharing of individual poems among performers.
B．The same feelings and experiences connecting people.
C．The promotion of self-reflection and emotional balance.
D．The extent of relationships between the poets and audience.
8．What is the best title of the passage
A．Reading Aloud in Public B．More Than Poetry Reading
C．A New Kind of Spoken Events D．The Popularity of the Spoken Word
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了口语诗歌的特点、起源以及它对人们的好处。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Imagine finding yourself in a spoken word event (also known as performance poetry). (想象一下，你发现自己处于一个口语诗歌中（也称为表演诗）)”可知，第一段介绍了口语诗歌的热烈场面；根据倒数第三段关键句“Spoken word events are far from your standard poetry reading. (口语诗歌远非你的标准诗歌阅读)”和倒数第二段关键句“The spoken word helps people achieve healing and emotional balance. (口语诗歌有助于人们实现治愈和情感平衡)”可知，文章接下来具体介绍了什么是口语诗歌及其好处，由此可知，第一段提到表演的场景是为了吸引读者注意口语诗歌。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Many people today think of poetry as a silent, individual act but it actually started as an oral (口头的) tradition. (今天，许多人认为诗歌是一种无声的、个人的行为，但实际上它最初是一种口头传统)”可知，诗歌最初是一种口头传统，由此可知，画线单词所在句指“以前诗歌是口头分享和向公众表演的”，“In spoken words”意为“口头上”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“It’s the connections that form between the audience and the poet. This adds to the degree of social connection, which is central to the essence of spoken word poetry. (这是观众和诗人之间形成的联系。这增加了社会联系的程度，这是口语诗本质的核心)”可知，观众和诗人之间形成的联系的程度是口语诗本质的核心，由此可知，口语诗的核心是诗人和听众之间的关系程度。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段关键句“The spoken word helps people achieve healing and emotional balance. It shares many benefits with written poetry, including helping us organize our thoughts, process our emotions and promote self-reflection. However, it’s not just the sharing of poetry that is healing. It’s the connections that form between the audience and the poet. (口语有助于人们实现治愈和情感平衡。它与书面诗歌有很多好处，包括帮助我们组织思想、处理情绪和促进自我反思。然而，治愈的不仅仅是诗歌的分享。这是观众和诗人之间形成的联系)”可知，文章主要介绍了口语诗歌的特点、起源以及对人们的疗愈作用，它不只是简单的诗歌朗读，“More Than Poetry Reading”意为“不仅仅是诗歌朗读”，能够概括文章内容。故选B项。
Passage 4
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）You see a fantastic offer, like a hotel room. You decide to book. Then it turns out there is a service fee. Then a cleaning fee. Then a few other extra costs. By the time you pay the final price, it is no longer the fantastic offer you thought.
Welcome to the world of drip pricing — the practice of promoting something at an attractive headline price and then, once you’ve committed to the purchase process, hitting you with unavoidable add-ons that are “dripped”.
In most cases, you see through all additionally added mandatory fees, and even though you could relinquish the deal, you choose to bite the bullet and complete the deal. Resistance to the idea of starting the search all over again is not simply a matter of laziness or indecision. There’s a profound psychological mechanism at play here, called the present bias.
In the paper, Doing It Now or Later, economist Matthew Rabin defines people’s present-biased preference via an example of choosing between doing seven hours of unpleasant activity on April 1 or eight hours two weeks later: If asked on February 1, most people will choose the earlier option. But come April 1, given the same choice, most of us tend to put off work till April 15. In simple terms, the inconvenience of doing something “right now” often feels disproportionately large. Beyond the challenge of starting over, there’s another psychological phenomenon that drip pricing uses - loss aversion. Imagine you’re booking tickets for a show. Initially attracted by the headline price, you’re now presented with different seating categories. Seeing a VIP ticket is within your budget, you decide to fork out. But then, during the checkout process, the drip begins. You realize you could have chosen lower-category seats, but by this stage, you’ve already imagined yourself enjoying the show from those nice seats. Going back to a cheaper seat will feel like a loss.
Buyers would benefit from a ban on drip pricing. Many countries are taking steps to protect consumers from drip pricing. The effectiveness of such measures, however, is uncertain. Nonetheless, you can hopefully make a more informed decision by understanding why the strategy works.
9．Which of the following is an example of drip pricing
A．FlightHub introduces a bonus after you choose their flight.
B．Airbnb offers you a membership account when you book a trip.
C．Rent-A-Car charges wear and tear fees beyond the advertised price.
D．Ticketmaster provides optional items at later stages of your purchase.
10．What does the underlined word “relinquish” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Reach. B．Abandon. C．Sign. D．Expand.
11．How will Rabin explain people’s refusal to cancel an order and remake one
A．People are likely to blindly stick to their initial intentions.
B．People like to grab earlier rewards and delay immediate costs.
C．People struggle to make a decision among multiple choices.
D．People tend to tolerate additional costs within their budget.
12．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text
A．To explain why people fall into the drip pricing trick.
B．To educate customers on how to deal with drip pricing.
C．To call on governments to protect consumers’ interests.
D．To introduce two psychological phenomena about spending.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．B 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了滴漏式定价的策略及其背后的心理学机制，以及消费者为何容易陷入这种定价陷阱。
9．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Welcome to the world of drip pricing — the practice of promoting something at an attractive headline price and then, once you’ve committed to the purchase process, hitting you with unavoidable add-ons that are “dripped”. (欢迎来到滴漏式定价的世界——一种以吸引人的标题价格促销商品的做法，然后，一旦你承诺购买过程，就会用不可避免的“滴漏式”附加条款来打击你。)”可知，Rent-A-Car在广告价格之外收取磨损费是滴漏式定价的一个例子。故选C。
10．词句猜测题。由第三段中“In most cases, you see through all additionally added mandatory fees, and even though you could relinquish the deal, you choose to bite the bullet and complete the deal. (在大多数情况下，你看透了所有额外的强制性费用，即使你可以relinquish这笔交易，你还是选择咬紧牙关完成这笔交易。)”可知，尽管你可以放弃这笔交易，但你还是选择咬紧牙关完成交易。relinquish意为“放弃”。A. Reach达到；B. Abandon放弃；C. Sign签名；D. Expand扩展。故选B。
11．推理判断题。由第四段中“In the paper, Doing It Now or Later, economist Matthew Rabin defines people’s present-biased preference via an example of choosing between doing seven hours of unpleasant activity on April 1 or eight hours two weeks later: If asked on February 1, most people will choose the earlier option. But come April 1, given the same choice, most of us tend to put off work till April 15. (经济学家马修·拉宾在论文《现在做还是以后做》中，通过一个在4月1日做7小时不愉快的活动，还是在两周后做8小时不愉快的活动之间进行选择的例子，定义了人们对现在的偏好：如果在2月1日被问及这个问题，大多数人会选择更早的选项。但到了4月1日，如果面临同样的选择，我们大多数人倾向于把工作推迟到4月15日。)”可知，拉宾通过一个例子来解释人们拒绝取消订单并重新下单的原因，这个例子是选择在4月1日做7个小时的不愉快活动，还是在两周后做8个小时的活动。这表明人们喜欢提前获得奖励并推迟立即的成本。故选B。
12．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Welcome to the world of drip pricing — the practice of promoting something at an attractive headline price and then, once you’ve committed to the purchase process, hitting you with unavoidable add-ons that are “dripped”. (欢迎来到滴漏式定价的世界——一种以吸引人的标题价格促销商品的做法，然后，一旦你承诺购买过程，就会用不可避免的“滴漏式”附加条款来打击你。)”和最后一段中“Buyers would benefit from a ban on drip pricing. Many countries are taking steps to protect consumers from drip pricing. The effectiveness of such measures, however, is uncertain. Nonetheless, you can hopefully make a more informed decision by understanding why the strategy works. (买家将从滴漏式定价禁令中受益。许多国家正在采取措施保护消费者免受滴漏式定价的影响。然而，这些措施的有效性尚不确定。尽管如此，你还是可以通过理解为什么这个策略有效而做出更明智的决定。)”可知，文章主要介绍了滴漏式定价的策略，解释了为什么人们会落入这种定价策略的陷阱，并讨论了禁止滴漏式定价的措施。因此，作者的主要目的是解释为什么人们会落入滴漏式定价的陷阱。故选A。
Passage 5
（24-25高三上·宁夏·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) is generating excitement everywhere, but in the field of health care it has the potential to be transformational. In Europe analysts predict that AI could save hundreds of thousands of lives each year.
There is already evidence that AI systems can enhance diagnostic accuracy and disease tracking, improve the prediction of patients’ outcomes and suggest better treatments. It can also boost efficiency in hospitals and surgeries. It may already be reducing the time it takes for new drugs to reach clinical trials. New tools, including generative AI, could supercharge these abilities. Yet as our research this week shows, although AI has been used in health care for many years, integration has been slow and the results have often been mediocre.
There are good and bad reasons for this. The good reasons are that health care demands high evidential barriers when introducing new tools, to protect patients’ safety. The bad reasons involve data, regulation and motivations. Overcoming them could hold lessons for AI in other fields.
AI systems learn by processing huge volumes of data, something health-care providers have in abundance. But health data is highly fragmented; strict rules control its use. Governments recognize that patients want their medical privacy protected. But patients also want better and more personalized care. Each year roughly 800,000 Americans suffer from poor medical decision-making.
Improving accuracy and reducing bias in AI tools requires them to be trained on large data sets that reflect patient’ full diversity. Finding secure ways to allow health data to move more freely would help. But it could benefit patients, too: they should be given the right to access their own records in a portable, digital format. Consumer-health firms are already making use of data from wearable devices, with varying success, Portable patients’ records would let people make fuller use of their data and take more responsibility for their health.
13．What does the underlined phrase “mediocre” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Outstanding. B．Average. C．Innovative. D．Obvious.
14．Why do patients want more personalized care
A．To reduce medical costs. B．To avoid visiting hospitals.
C．To have accurate medical treatment. D．To control medical regulation
15．How do AI systems improve accuracy
A．By collecting more and more data. B．By processing small volumes of data.
C．By avoiding strict rules and regulations. D．By using only government-regulated data.
16．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The Way of AI Revolutionizing Patient Care
B．The Application of AI in Modern Health Care
C．Advancements in AI for Personalized Medicine
D．The Benefits and Barriers of AI in Health Care
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．A 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章表明人工智能再医疗保健领域有变革潜力，它能提高诊断精确性、提供医疗建议、提高医院效率，可能每年挽救数十万人的生命,但整合进程缓慢且效果平庸。作者分析其中原因，并提出了有效的解决措施：用庞大的数据集训练提高人工智能工具的准确性，找到安全的数据流通方式和让患者接触便携式健康记录。
13．词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Yet as our research this week shows, although AI has been used in health care for many years, integration has been slow(然而，正如我们本周的研究所显示的那样，尽管人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用已有多年，但整合的速度一直很慢)”可知，人工智AI在医疗领域已经使用多年，although提示前后为让步关系，由此可推测结果应该是不尽人意的，一般的。结合选项可知，average表示“普通，一般的”符合语境。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But patients also want better and more personalized care. Each year roughly 800,000 Americans suffer from poor medical decision-making. (但患者也想要更好、更个性化的护理。每年大约有80万美国人因糟糕的医疗决策而受苦。)”可知，患者想要更准确的医疗诊治。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Improving accuracy and reducing bias in AI tools requires them to be trained on large data sets that reflect patient’ full diversity. (提高人工智能工具的准确性和减少偏见，需要它们在反映患者多样性的大型数据集上进行训练。)”可知，人工智能系统提高准确性可以通过收集越来越多的数据。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are good and bad reasons for this. (这有好的也有坏的原因。)”及全文可知，文章讨论了人工智能在医疗保健中的各种好处，如提高诊断准确性、改善病人治疗等，同时也指出了整合过程中的障碍和问题，如数据碎片化、隐私保护和监管问题。因此，D项“The Benefits and Barriers of AI in Health Care (人工智能在医疗保健中的益处和障碍)”能够全面概括文章的主要内容。故选D。
Passage 6
（24-25高三上·安徽·期中）On Sept. 29, bus driver Radford-Baker began her shift like any other people. It was she was filling in for another bus driver that day that it turned out she was in the right place at the right time.
Radford-Baker was about to drop off students at Seagoville North Elementary School when something went wrong - all of it caught on surveillance video (监控录像). Video from inside the bus showed 7-year-old Preston Bell put something in his mouth. Moments later, he dropped down between the seats before heading toward his bus driver.
“He mentioned something about a penny and I immediately said, Penny I just grabbed him, ran down the stairs with him. On my way to the sidewalk, I was actually performing the Heimlich maneuver,” Radford-Baker explained. “The whole entire time I’m saying, ‘Baby, breathe. I got you. Breathe,’” she continued. He was limp and blue in the face. That is when Radford-Baker spotted a parent and asked her to call 911.
Radford-Baker said she had never performed the Heimlich before, but in that moment — her training kicked in. “I was nervous at the time. But I couldn’t panic,” she said. “All I said to myself was, ‘God, help me. Help me save this baby.’” She didn’t even realize when a quarter flew out of Preston’s mouth.
“The lady said, ‘Ma’am, there’s a quarter there,’ and I’m still in shock because I’m still trying to work with him and he stepped to the side and said, ‘I’m OK. I can breathe,’” Radford-Baker recalled. “It was a powerful relief for me because I can’t believe that I just reversed this whole thing that could have really gone wrong.” She doesn’t know how she got the courage to do what she did that day, but she knows, “I feel like God placed me there for a reason... I mean, if I wasn’t there, I don’t know what the other driver may have done.”
17．Why did Preston Bell walk toward the driver
A．Because he tripped over the seats. B．Because he choked on a coin.
C．Because he suddenly fell unconscious. D．Because he ruined the video device.
18．What did Radford-Baker do while performing the Heimlich maneuver
A．She comforted the student. B．She tried to spot the student’s parent.
C．She called 911 for immediate assistance. D．She gave the student mouth-to-mouth breathing.
19．What does the underlined phrase “kicked in” mean in Para. 4
A．Passed down. B．Popped up. C．Came into being. D．Did the trick.
20．Which of the following can best describe Radford-Baker
A．Earnest and sympathetic. B．Adventurous and competent.
C．Courageous and composed. D．Approachable and considerate.
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了公交车司机Radford-Baker在紧急情况下救助被硬币噎住的学生Preston Bell的故事。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Video from inside the bus showed 7-year-old Preston Bell put something in his mouth. Moments later, he dropped down between the seats before heading toward his bus driver.(公交车内的监控录像显示，7岁的Preston Bell把某样东西放进了嘴里。片刻之后，他倒在座位之间，然后走向司机)”和文章第三段“He mentioned something about a penny…(他提到了硬币...)”可知，Preston Bell在吃了某样东西后突然倒下，并走向司机，同时提到了硬币。结合后文Radford-Baker的描述，可以推断Preston Bell是因为被硬币噎住而走向司机求助。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““On my way to the sidewalk, I was actually performing the Heimlich maneuver,” Radford-Baker explained. “The whole entire time I’m saying, ‘Baby, breathe. I got you. Breathe,’”(在走向人行道的路上，我其实正在执行海姆立克急救法，”Radford-Baker解释道。“我一直在说，‘宝贝，呼吸。我在这里。呼吸，’”)”可知，Radford-Baker在执行海姆立克急救法时，一直在安慰和鼓励学生呼吸。故选A。
19．词句猜测题。根据上文“Radford-Baker said she had never performed the Heimlich before, but…(Radford-Baker说她之前从未执行过海姆立克急救法，但……)”可知，Radford-Baker虽然之前没有执行过海姆立克急救法，但在紧急情况下，她的训练发挥了作用。这里的“kicked in”意思是“开始起作用，奏效”。因此，选项D“Did the trick(奏效，起作用)”是正确的。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““He mentioned something about a penny and I immediately said, Penny I just grabbed him, ran down the stairs with him. On my way to the sidewalk, I was actually performing the Heimlich maneuver,” Radford-Baker explained. “The whole entire time I’m saying, ‘Baby, breathe. I got you. Breathe,’” she continued. He was limp and blue in the face.(“他提到了硬币，”Radford-Baker解释道，“我立刻问，‘是硬币吗？’然后我就抓住他，和他一起跑下楼梯。在去人行道的路上，我其实正在给他做海姆立克急救法。”“我一直对他说，‘宝贝，呼吸。我在这里，呼吸，’”她继续说道。他当时身体绵软，脸色发青)”可推知，Radford-Baker在紧急情况下表现出极大的勇气和冷静。她不仅迅速反应执行急救法，还一直安慰学生并寻求帮助。这些行为展示了她的勇敢和镇定。因此，选项C“Courageous and composed(勇敢且镇定)”最能描述Radford-Baker。故选C。
Passage 7
（24-25高三上·江苏连云港·期中）Dr. Joseph Needham (1900-1995) was an excellent biochemist and social activist who dedicated most of his life to the history of science and technology in China.
He was born in London on December 9th, 1900. He entered Cambridge University in 1918. Soon he was attracted to the evolving modern science of biochemistry, and received a Ph. D．in Chemical Embryology (胚胎学) in 1924. His research on this subject was so widely acknowledged that it earned him recognition as the “father of chemical embryology”.
In 1937, he met Lu Gwei-Dien, a young graduate from China, at Cambridge, which completely changed his life. She challenged him to explore the great contributions of ancient Chinese science and technology to the rise of modern science. He started to study Chinese and later mastered it so well that he could easily read classical Chinese texts.
Joseph Needham was the first Western scholar to conduct a comprehensive and comparative (对比的) study of the history of Chinese science and technology related to the rise of modern science. By citing many modern scientific and technological advances that originated in ancient China, he powerfully dispelled a long-held view in the West that China neither had science nor made any contribution to modern science.
He, together with his many distinguished co-workers, demonstrated that China and the Near East had made many outstanding contributions in the transformation of ancient to modern science. His monumental work Science and Civilisation in China has been characterized as “perhaps the greatest single act of historical synthesis (整合) and inter-cultural communication ever attempted…”
In one of his poems he describes himself as:
Having written much, whether well or ill. I know not.
But with devout (虔诚的) intention for the healing of the nations.
This intention makes his work not simply impressive but important. As a scholar, he will always be remembered as a bridge-builder between the East and the West.
21．What can we learn about Joseph’s personal background
A．He earned a Ph. D．at the age of 37. B．He moved to London after graduation.
C．He received high praise for his research. D．He was devoted to studying British history.
22．What did Lu Gwei-Dien advise Joseph to do
A．Make great changes to his lifestyle.
B．Read more classical Chinese works.
C．Work with her teammates in biochemistry.
D．Study ancient Chinese science and technology.
23．What does the underlined word “dispelled” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Challenged. B．Supported. C．Shared. D．Stated.
24．What is Joseph’s intention of writing Science and Civilisation in China
A．To heal and bridge different countries.
B．To gain personal fame and recognition.
C．To provide entertainment for the readers.
D．To document important historical events.
【答案】21．C 22．D 23．A 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Joseph Needham的生平事迹和贡献。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“His research on this subject was so widely acknowledged that it earned him recognition as the ‘father of chemical embryology’. (他的研究在这个领域受到了广泛认可，使他获得了“化学胚胎学之父”的称号。)”可知，他的研究受到了很高的赞誉。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“She challenged him to explore the great contributions of ancient Chinese science and technology to the rise of modern science. (她鼓励他探索中国古代科学技术对现代科学崛起的伟大贡献。)”可知，Lu Gwei-Dien建议Joseph研究古代中国的科学技术。故选D。
23．词义猜测题。根据上文“Joseph Needham was the first Western scholar to conduct a comprehensive and comparative (对比的) study of the history of Chinese science and technology related to the rise of modern science. By citing many modern scientific and technological advances that originated in ancient China(约瑟夫·李约瑟是首位对与现代科学兴起相关的中国科技史进行全面对比研究的西方学者。通过引用众多源自中国古代的现代科学技术进步实例)”和下文“a long-held view in the West that China neither had science nor made any contribution to modern science.(西方长期持有的中国既无科学又未对现代科学做出任何贡献的观点。)”可知，根据上下文和句子中的“powerfully”和“long-held view”可以推断出，Joseph Needham是通过引用事实来挑战和消除这个长期持有的观点，因此“dispelled”在此意为“消除”或“挑战”，故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据引文部分中“Having written much, whether well or ill. I know not. But with devout (虔诚的) intention for the healing of the nations. (写了许多书，无论好坏我并不知晓，但怀着虔诚的意愿，希望能治愈各个国家。)”可知，Joseph写作的目的是为了治疗和连接不同的国家，而不是为了个人名声，因此他写作的目的是为了治愈和桥梁不同的国家。故选A。
Passage 8
（24-25高三上·山东·期中）Recently, a landmark study has revealed that many fruits and vegetables contain less protein, iron and vitamin C than they did in the 1950s, though carbohydrates (碳水化合物) levels have increased. Researchers believe a crucial factor for this phenomenon is the rising CO2 levels in Earth’s changing atmosphere.
Within the next 50 years, CO2 concentrations are expected to reach 550 parts per million, which is almost double the amount measured before the mid-19th century. Research shows that increased CO2 levels will affect 95 percent of plant species by causing essential mineral levels to drop by 6 to 8 percent. Though this decrease may sound negligible, it will have far-reaching consequences for global health.
The impacts of an increasingly carbon-concentrated atmosphere were first observed in zooplankton (浮游动物), tiny sea creatures that primarily feed on algae (海藻). Scientists found that shining lights on water caused more algae to grow in it, which should have benefited the hungry zooplankton. Instead, the zooplankton struggled to survive. That’s because the algae grew faster at a lower nutritional quality. In other words, the lower-nutrition algae restricted the zooplankton’s ability to multiply. Similarly, the land plants, which rely on both light and CO2 to grow, also experienced a decreased nutritional value with rising CO2 levels, as land plants can more easily transform sunlight and CO2 into higher concentration of carbohydrates at the expense of protein, iron and other essential nutrients.
Will the increase of carbohydrates and consequent decrease of other nutrients in your meals make a difference to your health Nutrient-rich plants are critical for tackling health problems around the world, and lower levels of nutrients put fragile populations at risk. For instance, estimates show that 150 million people may be at risk for protein deficiency (不足) by 2050, and iron deficiency may affect a billion pregnant women within the same time frame. Increasing CO2 levels will cause chain effects throughout the ecosystem in ways scientists can’t anticipate.
25．What can we know from the study
A．Foods consist of less nutrients nowadays.
B．The rising CO2 level may lead to nutrient loss.
C．Carbohydrates levels in foods decrease greatly.
D．The Earth’s atmosphere keeps stable at present.
26．What does the underlined word “negligible” mean in paragraph 2
A．Avoidable. B．Messurable. C．Insignificant. D．Unmanageable.
27．What is a possible impact of increased CO2 level
A．The algae multiplies quickly. B．The zooplankton survives better.
C．Land plants become more nutritious. D．People enjoy better physical condition.
28．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Chain effects taking place in the ecosystem.
B．Physical problems impacting people by 2050.
C．Health risks generated by the rise of CO2 level.
D．Nutrient deficiencies caused by the lack of plants.
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是随着地球大气中二氧化碳水平的上升，许多水果和蔬菜中的蛋白质、铁和维生素C含量相比20世纪50年代有所下降，而碳水化合物含量则有所增加。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段“Similarly, the land plants, which rely on both light and CO 2 to grow, also experienced a decreased nutritional value with rising CO 2 levels, as land plants can more easily transform sunlight and CO 2 into higher concentration of carbohydrates at the expense of protein, iron and other essential nutrients.(同样，依靠光和二氧化碳生长的陆地植物也经历了随着二氧化碳水平上升而下降的营养价值，因为陆地植物可以更容易地将阳光和二氧化碳转化为更高浓度的碳水化合物，而牺牲蛋白质、铁和其他必需营养素)”可知，我们可以从研究中了解到二氧化碳浓度的上升可能导致营养物质的流失。故选B。
26．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的“Though(尽管)”以及“it will have far-reaching consequences for global health(它将对全球健康产生深远的影响)”可知，主从句之间是让步、转折关系，故划线词negligible的意思是“微不足道的，不值一提的”，和insignificant意思相近。故选C。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段“The impacts of an increasingly carbon-concentrated atmosphere were first observed in zooplankton (浮游动物), tiny sea creatures that primarily feed on algae (海藻). Scientists found that shining lights on water caused more algae to grow in it, which should have benefited the hungry zooplankton.(大气中碳浓度增加的影响首先在浮游动物身上观察到，浮游动物是一种主要以藻类为食的微小海洋生物。科学家们发现，照射在水面上的灯光会导致更多的藻类在水中生长，这应该对饥饿的浮游动物有益。)”可知，二氧化碳浓度增加可能产生的影响是藻类繁殖迅速。故选A。
28．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Nutrient-rich plants are critical for tackling health problems around the world, and lower levels of nutrients put fragile populations at risk. For instance, estimates show that 150 million people may be at risk for protein deficiency (不足) by 2050, and iron deficiency may affect a billion pregnant women within the same time frame.(营养丰富的植物对于解决世界各地的健康问题至关重要，而较低的营养水平使脆弱的人口处于危险之中。例如，估计显示，到2050年，1.5亿人可能面临蛋白质缺乏的风险，而在同一时间段内，缺铁可能会影响10亿孕妇。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是二氧化碳浓度上升对健康造成的危害。故选C。
Passage 9
（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）Guilt, if left unchecked, can produce problems ranging from the physical to the mental. However, despite its reputation, guilt — once properly controlled and used — can be more positive than negative.
“We’ve only recently come to understand that guilt can be constructive,” says Will Bynum, a professor at the Duke University. “We now have a new concept of guilt as a potential source for growth. It can point us toward actions we can take to improve our lives.”
Guilt is “a self-conscious emotion characterized by a painful judgment of having done or thought something that is wrong.” It’s a feeling of could’ve, should’ve, would’ve that’s often termed a “self-aware” emotion. It’s an unpleasant emotion in our guts (直觉), a voice whispering warnings in our heads — it’s the reminder that we have a guilty feeling.
In a 2021 study, researchers interviewed Canadian adults and then showed them videos related to their interview responses and designed to cause guilt. For example, a participant would see a sentence “You donate less than the average Canadian”, before they watched a video about starving children in need of donations.
Researchers found that guilt affected the autonomic nervous system, raising electrical activity in the skin, upsetting gastric rhythms in the stomach and lowering swallowing rates.
Guilt affects us for good or for ill depending on how we experience and manage it. The trick to replacing regret with relief is to learn how to distinguish between the healthy guilt that can help you and the unhealthy kind. Healthy guilt is realistic and justified, a self-correction that promotes personal development, whereas unhealthy guilt is twisted and worsens, eating into our self-respect and preventing us from growing as much as we should.
“Thinking ahead about guilt works even better than later acknowledging it,” Baumeister says. “If you get a hint that you’re about to do wrong to someone and will feel guilty about it afterwards, just stop yourself. The sooner you see the guilt coming, the better prepared you’ll be to prevent it.”
29．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The definition of guilt. B．The impact of guilt.
C．The cause of guilt. D．The feature of guilt.
30．Why are the participants shown the underlined sentence
A．To make them donate more money. B．To get them to feel guilty.
C．To enhance their sense of responsibility. D．To help them understand the children.
31．What does the author want to highlight in paragraph 6
A．How to manage ill guilt. B．How promote personal development.
C．How to play tricks on guilt. D．How to make guilt affect us for good.
32．Which of the following can best interpret Baumeister’s words
A．Experience teaches. B．Prevention is better than cure.
C．Take things as they come. D．In time of peace prepare for war.
【答案】29．A 30．B 31．D 32．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是内疚及如何更好地管理我们的“内疚”。
29．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Guilt is “a self-conscious emotion characterized by a painful judgment of having done or thought something that is wrong.” It’s a feeling of could’ve, should’ve, would’ve that’s often termed a “self-aware” emotion. It’s an unpleasant emotion in our guts (直觉), a voice whispering warnings in our heads — it’s the reminder that we have a guilty feeling.(内疚是“一种自觉的情绪，其特征是对自己做错或想错的事情做出痛苦的判断。”这是一种本可以、本应该、本会的感觉，通常被称为“自我意识”情绪。它是我们内心的一种不愉快的情绪，是在我们脑海中低声警告我们的声音——它提醒我们有一种负罪感)”可知，文章第三段主要讲述了什么是“内疚”，即内疚的定义。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In a 2021 study, researchers interviewed Canadian adults and then showed them videos related to their interview responses and designed to cause guilt. For example, a participant would see a sentence “You donate less than the average Canadian”, before they watched a video about starving children in need of donations.(在2021年的一项研究中，研究人员采访了加拿大成年人，然后向他们展示了与他们的采访反应相关的视频，旨在引起内疚。例如，参与者在观看一段关于饥饿儿童需要捐赠的视频之前，会看到一句话“你的捐赠比一般加拿大人少”)”可知，参与者被展示这句话是为了引出他们的内疚。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Guilt affects us for good or for ill depending on how we experience and manage it. The trick to replacing regret with relief is to learn how to distinguish between the healthy guilt that can help you and the unhealthy kind. Healthy guilt is realistic and justified, a self-correction that promotes personal development, whereas unhealthy guilt is twisted and worsens, eating into our self-respect and preventing us from growing as much as we should.(内疚对我们的影响是好是坏，取决于我们如何经历和处理它。用宽慰代替后悔的诀窍是学会如何区分有益健康的内疚和不健康的内疚。健康的内疚是现实的和合理的，是一种促进个人发展的自我纠正，而不健康的内疚是扭曲和恶化的，侵蚀我们的自尊，阻止我们尽可能地成长)”可知，在第六段作者想要强调如何让内疚更好地影响我们。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Thinking ahead about guilt works even better than later acknowledging it,” Baumeister says. “If you get a hint that you’re about to do wrong to someone and will feel guilty about it afterwards, just stop yourself. The sooner you see the guilt coming, the better prepared you’ll be to prevent it.”(鲍迈斯特说：“提前考虑内疚比事后承认更有效。如果你得到一个暗示，你将要对某人做错事，之后会感到内疚，停止自己。你越早意识到内疚的到来，就越能做好预防的准备。”)”可推知，鲍迈斯特认为要提前考虑内疚的可能性，而不是事后再承认它，B选项“预防胜于治疗”符合观点。故选B。
Passage 10
（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）About one-third of adults globally suffer from loneliness, which can cause problems like depression and anxiety. A new generation of AI apps called AI companions is designed to simulate (模拟) natural conversations and keep people company. AI assistants like ChatGPT can do those things to some extent, but AI companions are designed to respond in a sympathetic, realistic way when you share your problems. Most of these programs are still at a relatively early stage, and are just building an audience. But do AI companions really work
Our studies show that the best of these apps really do work. We started by analyzing 50,000 app reviews of five popular AI companions, looking for how often the reviews mentioned loneliness, as well as their ratings for the apps. We then looked at reviews for ChatGPT to make a comparison.
Our findings show that only 4% of ChatGPT模板03 阅读理解词义猜测题
年份 卷别 题号
2024 新高考I卷 28
新高考II卷 32
全国甲卷 26
2023 新高考I卷 29
新高考II卷 30
全国甲卷 24
全国乙卷 34
2022 新高考I卷 30
新高考II卷 24、30
全国甲卷 28
全国乙卷 29
题型 真题示例 常见设问/关键词
模板02 句意猜测题 【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2 设问关键词： 1.“mean”（意思是），例如 “What does the word‘XXX’mean in the passage ”。 2.“refer to”（指代），常见问句如 “Which of the following does the underlined phrase‘XXX’refer to ”。 3.“be closest in meaning to”（与…… 意思最接近），像 “Which word is closest in meaning to‘XXX’ ” 这样的表述。 4.“can be replaced by”（可以被…… 替代），比如 “The word‘XXX’can be replaced by which of the following ” 等。
模板03 代词指代题。 【2024年浙江卷1月B篇】What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
考点关键词： 1.熟词生义：一些常见单词在特定语境中出现了不同于其常规释义的新意思。 2.生词释义：文中出现的陌生词汇，需要通过上下文的线索，比如解释说明、举例、对比、因果等关系来推断其含义。 3.代词指代内容：考查像 “it”“they”“this”“that” 等代词具体指代的前文所提到的名词、短语或内容等，往往要从前文中去找与之相关的具体所指对象。 4.短语、俗语理解：对于一些固定短语、俗语等，要依据文章语境判断其确切内涵。
命题预测/考情揭秘 一、命题预测 1)融合情境与实际应用： 1.高考英语词义猜测题将更加注重考查学生在联系实际中对所学知识的融会贯通和灵活运用。 2.题目可能会设置具体的情境，让学生在模拟真实语境中猜测词义，以检验其语言应用能力。 2)注重逻辑与推理： 1.命题者可能会通过增加干扰项或设置复杂的语境来考查学生的逻辑推理能力。 2.学生需要仔细阅读上下文，通过对比、分析、推理等方法来准确猜测词义。 3)涵盖广泛词汇： 1.高考英语词义猜测题将涵盖广泛的词汇，包括常见词、生僻词、短语、习语等。 2.题目可能会涉及不同领域的词汇，如科技、文化、历史等，以全面考查学生的词汇量。 考情揭秘 1)考查重点： 1.生词词义猜测：学生需要运用构词法、上下文语境等方法来猜测生词的含义。 2.熟词生义理解：对于常见词汇在特定语境下的新含义或引申义，学生需要准确理解并应用。 3.代词指代判断：学生需要根据上下文语境，准确判断代词的具体指代对象。 4.短语或句子含义理解：对于由多个单词组成的短语或句子，学生需要理解其整体含义，而非简单地将各单词含义相加。 2)解题技巧： 1.利用上下文语境：上下文是猜测词义的重要依据。学生需要仔细阅读题目所给的语境，结合语境中的信息来猜测词义。 2.注意词汇复现：有时，文章中会多次出现与猜测词汇相关的词汇或短语，这些复现的词汇或短语可以为猜测词义提供线索。 3.运用逻辑推理：学生需要根据上下文语境，运用逻辑推理能力来排除干扰项，选出最符合语境的词义。 4.积累词汇与短语：广泛的词汇量是解答词义猜测题的基础。学生需要平时注重词汇积累，掌握常见词汇的不同含义和用法。 3)易错点分析： 1.脱离语境：学生可能会因为对某个词汇的熟悉程度而脱离语境进行猜测，导致误解词义。 2.望文生义：对于熟词生义或短语的整体含义，学生可能会因为字面意思而误解其真正含义。 3.忽视逻辑关系：学生可能会因为忽视上下文中的逻辑关系而猜测错误。
技巧解读 方法1：关注词的功能。授课过程中引导学生关注构词法、词的情感色彩、同义词、反义词、上下义词。 方法2：关注语篇中的解释功能。引导学生总结解释的几种方式：下定义、定语（从句）、同位语（从句）、举例子、标点符号等。 方法3：关注逻辑关系。引导学生总结几种常见的逻辑关系：因果、转折、并列、递进等。 结合生活常识和文化背景 方法4：结合生活常识和文化背景。 生活常识：在猜测词义时，利用自己已有的生活经验和常识。 文化背景：对于一些具有文化特色的词汇，要考虑相关的文化背景知识。
高考英语阅读理解细节理解题主要考查学生根据文章内容获取特定信息的能力。以下是一个详细的做题模板，旨在帮助学生高效、准确地解答这类题目：
步骤+解题思路
第一步：定位原文 1.仔细阅读题目，确定需要猜测词义的单词、短语或句子在文章中的位置。一般题目会明确指出该词在第几段第几行，或者通过引用原文中的句子来提示位置。 2.标记出这个词及其所在的句子，同时关注该句子前后的几句话，因为这些内容往往包含着重要的线索。 分析线索
第二步：分析线索 1）上下文语境线索 1.观察该词所在句子的语法结构，判断它在句子中充当的成分（如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等），这有助于理解其大致的语义范围。 2.查看前后句是否有对这个词的解释、说明、举例、对比、因果等关系。例如，如果有 “that is”“in other words” 这样的短语，后面的内容很可能就是对该词的解释；如果有 “but”“however” 等词，就需要注意前后的对比关系。 2）利用构词法线索（如果适用） 分析单词的词根、前缀和后缀。比如，如果知道 “tele -” 这个前缀有 “远程” 的意思，“scope” 这个词根和 “看” 有关，那么 “telescope”（望远镜）的意思就可以大致推测出来。
第三步：推测词义 根据分析出的线索，初步推测出单词或短语的意思。如果是通过上下文的逻辑关系推测，要确保推测出的意思在逻辑上是通顺的；如果是利用构词法，要结合整个单词在句子中的语境来确定具体含义。 可以同时推测出几个可能的意思，尤其是对于一些多义词，要结合上下文确定最符合语境的那一个意思。
第四步：代入验证 将推测出的词义代入原文中，看句子是否通顺，是否符合文章的主题、风格和逻辑。 同时，还要注意代入后的意思是否能使前后句子之间的衔接自然合理。如果代入后发现句子意思不通或者与上下文矛盾，那么这个推测可能是错误的，需要重新分析线索并推测。
第五步：检查答案 将选择的答案或推断的词义放回原文中，检查是否合乎逻辑和语境。 确保答案能够使句子或段落在意义上连贯。
模板01 词义(词组)猜测题
【2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选】...These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Understand. B.Paint. C.Seize. D.Transform.
第一步：定位原文定位原文信息:These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.(第二段)
第二步：分析线索 根据句中的but可推知，此处与前面为转折关系。
第三步：推测词义 画线短语“relate to”的意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。
第四步：代入验证 此句意为：这些场景可能绘制于数百年前，但它们记录的是我们都能感同身受的时刻。解题时,根据定位信息的语境排除B项的paint;而C项seize的意思是“抓住;占领;夺取”等,和画线词的语境也明显不符,故排除。
第五步：检查答案 故选 __A__。
（2023·安徽马鞍山·模拟预测）...
However, online interactions can have an adverse effect on existing relationships. 68% of teen social media users report having experienced unpleasant feelings toward their friends on social media and 26% of all teens have had an argument with a friend over something that happened online or over text messages.
The Internet is undoubtedly an invaluable link between people separated by distance. But this link must be based on intimacy and familiarity and a balance of online and offline interactions will pave the way for better relationships in the world.
3．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Lasting. B．Harmful. C．Decisive. D．Noticeable.
模板02 句意猜测题
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
...
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
第一步：定位原文 This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.(第二段)
第二步：分析线索 根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知此句是对前面的解释说明。
第三步：推测词义 作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。
第四步：代入验证 我们记者生活在一个全新的故事讲述时代，拥有众多新颖的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这是新事物。对他们来说，这一切再正常不过了。
春节期间，当我与两岁的孙子坐在沙发上时，我深刻体会到了这一点。
第五步：代入答案 B
（2024·江西·一模）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman.
The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.”
On Aug 20,2020, an oil tanker ferrying 3,000 metric tons of gasoline collided with a cargo ship loaded with sand and gravel about 1.5 nautical miles (2,778 meters) southeast of the Yangtze River estuary, sparking a fire on the deck of the oil tanker and causing the latter to sink. Wan was among the first respondents. She flew to the site from Gaodong helicopter airport, which is the country’s first-of-its-kind marine rescue launchpad(发射台). “The tanker was still burning and there was a thick envelope of smoke, reducing visibility to near zero.” she recalls. And yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and pulled up a seriously injured crew member.
Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.”
9．What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean
A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough.
C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement.
模板03 代词指代题
【2024浙江1月卷】When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
第一步：定位原文
第一段 "I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006." (我指的是打实际的电话——不是为了躲雨。很久之前了对吧？我上次为了它原本的目的使用电话亭是在……2006年。) 其中，"it" 出现在 "for its intended purpose" 这个短语中。
第二步：推测词义
根据上下文，作者提到了“打实际的电话”和“不是为了躲雨”，然后提到自己上次为了某个东西（it）原本的目的使用电话亭是在2006年。结合常识和语境，电话亭原本的目的就是打电话，因此可以推断 "it" 指的是电话亭（telephone box）。
第三步：代入验证
将 "telephone box" 代入原文，句子意思变为：“我上次为了电话亭原本的目的使用它是在2006年。” 这与上下文语境相符，因此可以确定 "it" 指的是 "telephone box"。
第四步：检查答案
根据以上分析，选项D（The telephone box）是正确答案。其他选项（A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa.）在上下文中均未与 "it" 形成直接关联，因此可以排除。
答案为D。
(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选) An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to
Advice. B.Data.C.Tests. D.Laws.
第一步：定位原文 We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior我们需要一些能改变人们行为的有案可查的东西。(画线词所在的句子)If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
第二步：推测词义 根据下文句意如果文本分析仪法案成为法律,他说:“人们会更害怕把手放在手机上。”和原文信息可知, 画线词指代下文中的law, 即法律。
第三步：代入验证 根据原文信息可知,画线词指代下文中的law,即法律。故选D。
第四步：检查答案 考生在解答本题时,要注意画线词后文对答案的提示作用,特别注意画线词前后文的语境。如果忽略画线词后的句子,则很容易选错答案。
【2024-2025学年江西省多校联考高三上学期10月月考】
The Arctic has seen the largest and most steady declines in sea ice’s cooling power since1980, but until recently, the South Pole had appeared more adaptive to the changing climate, according to new research led by scientists in University of Michigan. Its sea ice cover had remained relatively stable from 2007 to the 2010s, and the cooling power of the Antarctic sea ice was actually trending up at that time.
That view suddenly changed in 2016, when an area larger than Texas melted on one of the continent’s largest ice shelves. The Antarctic lost sea ice then too, and its cooling power hasn’t recovered. As a result, 2016 and the following seven years have had the weakest global sea ice cooling effect since the early 1980s.
Beyond the disappearing ice cover, the remaining ice is also becoming less reflective as warming temperatures and increased rainfall create thinner and wetter ice and more melt ponds that reflect less solar radiation. This effect has been most obvious in the Arctic, where sea ice has become less reflective in the sunniest parts of the year, and the new study raises the possibility that it could be an important factor in the Antarctic, too— in addition to lost sea ice cover.
6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The study. B．The warming temperature.
C．The sea ice. D．The effect.
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·甘肃定西·阶段练习）The European Central Bank, or ECB, has cut interest rates for the first time in nearly four years, bringing them down from a record high of 4 percent to 3.75 percent, leading people to guess that the Bank of England, or BoE, and the United States Federal Reserve could follow suit, sooner rather than later. A statement issued by the governing council of the ECB on Thursday said, “Based on an updated assessment of the inflation (通货膨胀) outlook, the potential inflation and the strength of monetary policy transmission, it is now appropriate to change the degree of monetary policy restriction after nine months of holding rates steady.”
Lindsay James, an investment strategist at Quilter Investors, told broadcaster CNBC that the decision “fired the starting gun”, and could cause other major central banks to take action of their own. “Central banks will not want to differ too far from one another, and with political risk being rising, they also won’t want to be seen as too influential,” she said, adding that the decision ended “one of the most aggressive and swift rate-hiking (加息) cycles in modern times”.
Interest rates have stayed high in an attempt to keep inflation under control, but as a consequence, they have a bad effect on economic growth. The move, James added, would influence the 20 countries in the eurozone by “breathing life into an economy that desperately needs some form of stimulus (刺激)”.
Katherine Neiss, chief European economist at investment company PGIM, told the BBC she was “reasonably confident” there would be another ECB cut in the summer or fall, taking the figure down to 3.5 percent or maybe lower by the year’s end. “Growth is encouragingly recovering from the recession (萧条) that the euro area went through toward the end of last year, but it is still weak,” she added.
Although inflation in the United Kingdom has fallen to 2.3 percent, close to the BoE’s target of 2 percent, interest rates remain at 5.25 percent. The next interest rate decision from the BoE, which is independent of the government, is due on June 20, and although there have been calls for a cut, the fact that there is a general election campaign going on at the moment could affect whether or not one is made because of the political sensitivity of any change during the campaign. He added that he expected to see a rate cut in the US in the coming months, with the country also facing an election, this one presidential, in November.
1．How did Lindsay James describe the last rate-hiking cycle in Para. 2
A．Controllable. B．Slow. C．Rapid. D．Normal.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The growth. B．The investment. C．The figure. D．The euro area.
3．What do the US and the UK have in common
A．They have the same interest rates.
B．They will soon have a general election.
C．They have the same target of inflation.
D．They will raise their minimum wage standard.
4．Which can serve as the best title for the news report
A．ECB cuts interest rates across Europe
B．ECB holds rates steady for nine months
C．ECB updates assessment of inflation outlook
D．ECB’s action influences 20 countries in eurozone
Passage 2
（2024·浙江金华·一模）Last winter I enjoyed a brief adventure in Guatemala. Over a period of 12 days, I explored through the jungle to watch the sunrise and danced in the street during the holiday parade. But looking back on that trip, what I remember most vividly is a New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City, at a lifeless hotel. Rather than a countdown to midnight, I counted down the hours until my departure.
Nothing special happened during that night. Rather, the big role this hotel plays in my memories can be explained by a psychological principle called the recency effect. “The recency effect helps to account for our tendency to remember the ending part of a sequence of events with far more clarity than the rest, ” said Dr. Mary Poffenroth, a biopsychologist.
She says it arises from our short-term memory’s inability to hold on to more than a small amount of information at once. So while there is no magic formula to create lovely travel memories, employing the recency effect can turn a good trip into an unforgettable one.
Dr. Stephanie, a Neuroscientist, says that while you can strategically set off the recency effect at a trip’s end, you may have multiple opportunities to create lasting memories all along the way by breaking it up into smaller chunks.
Keep in mind that the recency effect can also backfire. “Ending an amazing trip with stressful flight delays, lost luggage or feeling unwell might be enough to overshadow the entire experience, resulting in remembering the trip as awful instead of joyful, ” Stephanie said.
To avoid disproportionately (不成比例地)spotlighting the final days, Poffenroth has created a trick: She amplifies (增强) earlier days in a trip to keep her memories well-rounded. “I collect little bits that will remind me of that day: a subway ticket, a seashell, a cardboard drink with a pub’ s logo on it. ” Then, as she is packing on the last day, “I go through all my little found treasures and spend a few moments recalling each one, ” she said. “This gives me a sense of closure for that chapter of travel and makes the experience memorable. ”
1．How did the author feel about the New Year’s Eve in Guatemala City
A．It was boring. B．It was eventful.
C．It was relaxing. D．It was cheerful.
2．What do we know about the recency effect from paragraph 2
A．It is based on a psychological principle.
B．It is widely used to create lovely memories.
C．It highlights the final part of a series of events.
D．It makes up for the inability of short-term memory.
3．What does the underlined word “backfire” mean in paragraph 4
A．Be avoided to some extent. B．Be applied extensively.
C．Produce undesirable consequences. D．Pose unexpected challenges.
4．According to Poffenroth, which of the following may help travelers have good memories
A．Share travel experiences. B．Recall the final days of a journey.
C．Purchase as many souvenirs as possible. D．Purposely gather reminders of a journey.
Passage 3
（24-25高三上·福建厦门·期中）Imagine finding yourself in a spoken word event (also known as performance poetry). You’re attracted by the performer on stage as he conveys his deepest thoughts to the room:
Today I bought you flowers,
How strange meanings can change,
What was once a symbol of joy is now one of pain,
A universal language for when you don’t know what to say.
The crowd is attentive but far from silent. Throughout the performance, you hear clapping and cheers, expressing approval of specific lines. And then the poem ends with thunderous applause and the poet returns to his seat. The performance has ended, but its energy continues to exist throughout the night.
Spoken word events are far from your standard poetry reading. Many people today think of poetry as a silent, individual act but it actually started as an oral (口头的) tradition. Before mass literacy, poems and stories were shared verbally and performed to the public. In modern times, mass media provided audiences with alternative means of entertainment and the art of storytelling declined. The recent and increasing popularity of the spoken word is poetry returning to its oral roots.
The spoken word helps people achieve healing and emotional balance. It shares many benefits with written poetry, including helping us organize our thoughts, process our emotions and promote self-reflection. However, it’s not just the sharing of poetry that is healing. It’s the connections that form between the audience and the poet. This adds to the degree of social connection, which is central to the essence of spoken word poetry. Poets can be themselves in this safe space, where they avoid being judged and laughed at. The feeling of healing also applies to audience members who relate to the poet’s words. Hearing someone who is going through the same feelings or experiences that you are going through or have experienced in the past can make you feel less alone and more connected to others, knowing that the struggles are shared.
The spoken word is an unbelievably accessible art form. There are very few rules, and the form is interpreted fairly broadly. As long as you are performing an original piece which doesn’t include any offensive (冒犯的) content, it will be accepted at a spoken word event.
5．Why is the scene of a performance mentioned in the first paragraph
A．To draw readers’ attention to the spoken word.
B．To call on audience to participate in the event.
C．To inform the content of a spoken word event.
D．To highlight the importance of spoken word poetry.
6．What does the word “verbally” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．In private. B．On stage.
C．In spoken words. D．With enthusiasm.
7．What’s the core of spoken word poetry according to the passage
A．The sharing of individual poems among performers.
B．The same feelings and experiences connecting people.
C．The promotion of self-reflection and emotional balance.
D．The extent of relationships between the poets and audience.
8．What is the best title of the passage
A．Reading Aloud in Public B．More Than Poetry Reading
C．A New Kind of Spoken Events D．The Popularity of the Spoken Word
Passage 4
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）You see a fantastic offer, like a hotel room. You decide to book. Then it turns out there is a service fee. Then a cleaning fee. Then a few other extra costs. By the time you pay the final price, it is no longer the fantastic offer you thought.
Welcome to the world of drip pricing — the practice of promoting something at an attractive headline price and then, once you’ve committed to the purchase process, hitting you with unavoidable add-ons that are “dripped”.
In most cases, you see through all additionally added mandatory fees, and even though you could relinquish the deal, you choose to bite the bullet and complete the deal. Resistance to the idea of starting the search all over again is not simply a matter of laziness or indecision. There’s a profound psychological mechanism at play here, called the present bias.
In the paper, Doing It Now or Later, economist Matthew Rabin defines people’s present-biased preference via an example of choosing between doing seven hours of unpleasant activity on April 1 or eight hours two weeks later: If asked on February 1, most people will choose the earlier option. But come April 1, given the same choice, most of us tend to put off work till April 15. In simple terms, the inconvenience of doing something “right now” often feels disproportionately large. Beyond the challenge of starting over, there’s another psychological phenomenon that drip pricing uses - loss aversion. Imagine you’re booking tickets for a show. Initially attracted by the headline price, you’re now presented with different seating categories. Seeing a VIP ticket is within your budget, you decide to fork out. But then, during the checkout process, the drip begins. You realize you could have chosen lower-category seats, but by this stage, you’ve already imagined yourself enjoying the show from those nice seats. Going back to a cheaper seat will feel like a loss.
Buyers would benefit from a ban on drip pricing. Many countries are taking steps to protect consumers from drip pricing. The effectiveness of such measures, however, is uncertain. Nonetheless, you can hopefully make a more informed decision by understanding why the strategy works.
9．Which of the following is an example of drip pricing
A．FlightHub introduces a bonus after you choose their flight.
B．Airbnb offers you a membership account when you book a trip.
C．Rent-A-Car charges wear and tear fees beyond the advertised price.
D．Ticketmaster provides optional items at later stages of your purchase.
10．What does the underlined word “relinquish” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Reach. B．Abandon. C．Sign. D．Expand.
11．How will Rabin explain people’s refusal to cancel an order and remake one
A．People are likely to blindly stick to their initial intentions.
B．People like to grab earlier rewards and delay immediate costs.
C．People struggle to make a decision among multiple choices.
D．People tend to tolerate additional costs within their budget.
12．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text
A．To explain why people fall into the drip pricing trick.
B．To educate customers on how to deal with drip pricing.
C．To call on governments to protect consumers’ interests.
D．To introduce two psychological phenomena about spending.
Passage 5
（24-25高三上·宁夏·期中）Artificial intelligence (AI) is generating excitement everywhere, but in the field of health care it has the potential to be transformational. In Europe analysts predict that AI could save hundreds of thousands of lives each year.
There is already evidence that AI systems can enhance diagnostic accuracy and disease tracking, improve the prediction of patients’ outcomes and suggest better treatments. It can also boost efficiency in hospitals and surgeries. It may already be reducing the time it takes for new drugs to reach clinical trials. New tools, including generative AI, could supercharge these abilities. Yet as our research this week shows, although AI has been used in health care for many years, integration has been slow and the results have often been mediocre.
There are good and bad reasons for this. The good reasons are that health care demands high evidential barriers when introducing new tools, to protect patients’ safety. The bad reasons involve data, regulation and motivations. Overcoming them could hold lessons for AI in other fields.
AI systems learn by processing huge volumes of data, something health-care providers have in abundance. But health data is highly fragmented; strict rules control its use. Governments recognize that patients want their medical privacy protected. But patients also want better and more personalized care. Each year roughly 800,000 Americans suffer from poor medical decision-making.
Improving accuracy and reducing bias in AI tools requires them to be trained on large data sets that reflect patient’ full diversity. Finding secure ways to allow health data to move more freely would help. But it could benefit patients, too: they should be given the right to access their own records in a portable, digital format. Consumer-health firms are already making use of data from wearable devices, with varying success, Portable patients’ records would let people make fuller use of their data and take more responsibility for their health.
13．What does the underlined phrase “mediocre” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Outstanding. B．Average. C．Innovative. D．Obvious.
14．Why do patients want more personalized care
A．To reduce medical costs. B．To avoid visiting hospitals.
C．To have accurate medical treatment. D．To control medical regulation
15．How do AI systems improve accuracy
A．By collecting more and more data. B．By processing small volumes of data.
C．By avoiding strict rules and regulations. D．By using only government-regulated data.
16．What’s the best title of the passage
A．The Way of AI Revolutionizing Patient Care
B．The Application of AI in Modern Health Care
C．Advancements in AI for Personalized Medicine
D．The Benefits and Barriers of AI in Health Care
Passage 6
（24-25高三上·安徽·期中）On Sept. 29, bus driver Radford-Baker began her shift like any other people. It was she was filling in for another bus driver that day that it turned out she was in the right place at the right time.
Radford-Baker was about to drop off students at Seagoville North Elementary School when something went wrong - all of it caught on surveillance video (监控录像). Video from inside the bus showed 7-year-old Preston Bell put something in his mouth. Moments later, he dropped down between the seats before heading toward his bus driver.
“He mentioned something about a penny and I immediately said, Penny I just grabbed him, ran down the stairs with him. On my way to the sidewalk, I was actually performing the Heimlich maneuver,” Radford-Baker explained. “The whole entire time I’m saying, ‘Baby, breathe. I got you. Breathe,’” she continued. He was limp and blue in the face. That is when Radford-Baker spotted a parent and asked her to call 911.
Radford-Baker said she had never performed the Heimlich before, but in that moment — her training kicked in. “I was nervous at the time. But I couldn’t panic,” she said. “All I said to myself was, ‘God, help me. Help me save this baby.’” She didn’t even realize when a quarter flew out of Preston’s mouth.
“The lady said, ‘Ma’am, there’s a quarter there,’ and I’m still in shock because I’m still trying to work with him and he stepped to the side and said, ‘I’m OK. I can breathe,’” Radford-Baker recalled. “It was a powerful relief for me because I can’t believe that I just reversed this whole thing that could have really gone wrong.” She doesn’t know how she got the courage to do what she did that day, but she knows, “I feel like God placed me there for a reason... I mean, if I wasn’t there, I don’t know what the other driver may have done.”
17．Why did Preston Bell walk toward the driver
A．Because he tripped over the seats. B．Because he choked on a coin.
C．Because he suddenly fell unconscious. D．Because he ruined the video device.
18．What did Radford-Baker do while performing the Heimlich maneuver
A．She comforted the student. B．She tried to spot the student’s parent.
C．She called 911 for immediate assistance. D．She gave the student mouth-to-mouth breathing.
19．What does the underlined phrase “kicked in” mean in Para. 4
A．Passed down. B．Popped up. C．Came into being. D．Did the trick.
20．Which of the following can best describe Radford-Baker
A．Earnest and sympathetic. B．Adventurous and competent.
C．Courageous and composed. D．Approachable and considerate.
Passage 7
（24-25高三上·江苏连云港·期中）Dr. Joseph Needham (1900-1995) was an excellent biochemist and social activist who dedicated most of his life to the history of science and technology in China.
He was born in London on December 9th, 1900. He entered Cambridge University in 1918. Soon he was attracted to the evolving modern science of biochemistry, and received a Ph. D．in Chemical Embryology (胚胎学) in 1924. His research on this subject was so widely acknowledged that it earned him recognition as the “father of chemical embryology”.
In 1937, he met Lu Gwei-Dien, a young graduate from China, at Cambridge, which completely changed his life. She challenged him to explore the great contributions of ancient Chinese science and technology to the rise of modern science. He started to study Chinese and later mastered it so well that he could easily read classical Chinese texts.
Joseph Needham was the first Western scholar to conduct a comprehensive and comparative (对比的) study of the history of Chinese science and technology related to the rise of modern science. By citing many modern scientific and technological advances that originated in ancient China, he powerfully dispelled a long-held view in the West that China neither had science nor made any contribution to modern science.
He, together with his many distinguished co-workers, demonstrated that China and the Near East had made many outstanding contributions in the transformation of ancient to modern science. His monumental work Science and Civilisation in China has been characterized as “perhaps the greatest single act of historical synthesis (整合) and inter-cultural communication ever attempted…”
In one of his poems he describes himself as:
Having written much, whether well or ill. I know not.
But with devout (虔诚的) intention for the healing of the nations.
This intention makes his work not simply impressive but important. As a scholar, he will always be remembered as a bridge-builder between the East and the West.
21．What can we learn about Joseph’s personal background
A．He earned a Ph. D．at the age of 37. B．He moved to London after graduation.
C．He received high praise for his research. D．He was devoted to studying British history.
22．What did Lu Gwei-Dien advise Joseph to do
A．Make great changes to his lifestyle.
B．Read more classical Chinese works.
C．Work with her teammates in biochemistry.
D．Study ancient Chinese science and technology.
23．What does the underlined word “dispelled” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Challenged. B．Supported. C．Shared. D．Stated.
24．What is Joseph’s intention of writing Science and Civilisation in China
A．To heal and bridge different countries.
B．To gain personal fame and recognition.
C．To provide entertainment for the readers.
D．To document important historical events.
Passage 8
（24-25高三上·山东·期中）Recently, a landmark study has revealed that many fruits and vegetables contain less protein, iron and vitamin C than they did in the 1950s, though carbohydrates (碳水化合物) levels have increased. Researchers believe a crucial factor for this phenomenon is the rising CO2 levels in Earth’s changing atmosphere.
Within the next 50 years, CO2 concentrations are expected to reach 550 parts per million, which is almost double the amount measured before the mid-19th century. Research shows that increased CO2 levels will affect 95 percent of plant species by causing essential mineral levels to drop by 6 to 8 percent. Though this decrease may sound negligible, it will have far-reaching consequences for global health.
The impacts of an increasingly carbon-concentrated atmosphere were first observed in zooplankton (浮游动物), tiny sea creatures that primarily feed on algae (海藻). Scientists found that shining lights on water caused more algae to grow in it, which should have benefited the hungry zooplankton. Instead, the zooplankton struggled to survive. That’s because the algae grew faster at a lower nutritional quality. In other words, the lower-nutrition algae restricted the zooplankton’s ability to multiply. Similarly, the land plants, which rely on both light and CO2 to grow, also experienced a decreased nutritional value with rising CO2 levels, as land plants can more easily transform sunlight and CO2 into higher concentration of carbohydrates at the expense of protein, iron and other essential nutrients.
Will the increase of carbohydrates and consequent decrease of other nutrients in your meals make a difference to your health Nutrient-rich plants are critical for tackling health problems around the world, and lower levels of nutrients put fragile populations at risk. For instance, estimates show that 150 million people may be at risk for protein deficiency (不足) by 2050, and iron deficiency may affect a billion pregnant women within the same time frame. Increasing CO2 levels will cause chain effects throughout the ecosystem in ways scientists can’t anticipate.
25．What can we know from the study
A．Foods consist of less nutrients nowadays.
B．The rising CO2 level may lead to nutrient loss.
C．Carbohydrates levels in foods decrease greatly.
D．The Earth’s atmosphere keeps stable at present.
26．What does the underlined word “negligible” mean in paragraph 2
A．Avoidable. B．Messurable. C．Insignificant. D．Unmanageable.
27．What is a possible impact of increased CO2 level
A．The algae multiplies quickly. B．The zooplankton survives better.
C．Land plants become more nutritious. D．People enjoy better physical condition.
28．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．Chain effects taking place in the ecosystem.
B．Physical problems impacting people by 2050.
C．Health risks generated by the rise of CO2 level.
D．Nutrient deficiencies caused by the lack of plants.
Passage 9
（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）Guilt, if left unchecked, can produce problems ranging from the physical to the mental. However, despite its reputation, guilt — once properly controlled and used — can be more positive than negative.
“We’ve only recently come to understand that guilt can be constructive,” says Will Bynum, a professor at the Duke University. “We now have a new concept of guilt as a potential source for growth. It can point us toward actions we can take to improve our lives.”
Guilt is “a self-conscious emotion characterized by a painful judgment of having done or thought something that is wrong.” It’s a feeling of could’ve, should’ve, would’ve that’s often termed a “self-aware” emotion. It’s an unpleasant emotion in our guts (直觉), a voice whispering warnings in our heads — it’s the reminder that we have a guilty feeling.
In a 2021 study, researchers interviewed Canadian adults and then showed them videos related to their interview responses and designed to cause guilt. For example, a participant would see a sentence “You donate less than the average Canadian”, before they watched a video about starving children in need of donations.
Researchers found that guilt affected the autonomic nervous system, raising electrical activity in the skin, upsetting gastric rhythms in the stomach and lowering swallowing rates.
Guilt affects us for good or for ill depending on how we experience and manage it. The trick to replacing regret with relief is to learn how to distinguish between the healthy guilt that can help you and the unhealthy kind. Healthy guilt is realistic and justified, a self-correction that promotes personal development, whereas unhealthy guilt is twisted and worsens, eating into our self-respect and preventing us from growing as much as we should.
“Thinking ahead about guilt works even better than later acknowledging it,” Baumeister says. “If you get a hint that you’re about to do wrong to someone and will feel guilty about it afterwards, just stop yourself. The sooner you see the guilt coming, the better prepared you’ll be to prevent it.”
29．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The definition of guilt. B．The impact of guilt.
C．The cause of guilt. D．The feature of guilt.
30．Why are the participants shown the underlined sentence
A．To make them donate more money. B．To get them to feel guilty.
C．To enhance their sense of responsibility. D．To help them understand the children.
31．What does the author want to highlight in paragraph 6
A．How to manage ill guilt. B．How promote personal development.
C．How to play tricks on guilt. D．How to make guilt affect us for good.
32．Which of the following can best interpret Baumeister’s words
A．Experience teaches. B．Prevention is better than cure.
C．Take things as they come. D．In time of peace prepare for war.
Passage 10
（24-25高三上·山西运城·期中）About one-third of adults globally suffer from loneliness, which can cause problems like depression and anxiety. A new generation of AI apps called AI companions is designed to simulate (模拟) natural conversations and keep people company. AI assistants like ChatGPT can do those things to some extent, but AI companions are designed to respond in a sympathetic, realistic way when you share your problems. Most of these programs are still at a relatively early stage, and are just building an audience. But do AI companions really work
Our studies show that the best of these apps really do work. We started by analyzing 50,000 app reviews of five popular AI companions, looking for how often the reviews mentioned loneliness, as well as their ratings for the apps. We then looked at reviews for ChatGPT to make a comparison.
Our findings show that only 4% of ChatGPT reviews mentioned loneliness. But the companion apps turned in a much better showing, as high as 20%. The more mentions, the more people might use the apps to help with loneliness. They also received higher ratings. The implication is clear: AI companions can help people to reduce loneliness.
We then divided about 1,100 online participants into two groups. One group interacted daily with an AI companion; the other didn’t. Those who used the AI companion reported 14% points less loneliness on average. They said they felt heard and the AI companion offered emotional responses during their talks.
There is still the question of whether AI companions will be good for society. Some people fear, reasonably, that companions will turn people into shut-ins who avoid human contact. But any debate about the long-term impact of companions should account for their potential for reducing loneliness. Because we aren’t doing well as a society on loneliness, we should at least keep an open mind on any tool that helps at all.
33．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 1 mean
A．Attracting customers. B．Selecting assistants.
C．Employing programmers. D．Seeking sponsors.
34．What do we know about the new AI companion apps
A．They may identify health problems. B．They function as well as AI assistants.
C．They can provide emotional support. D．They have been completely accepted.
35．How did the researchers carry out the first part of the study
A．By doing online surveys. B．By conducting experiments.
C．By interviewing participants. D．By analyzing data.
36．What does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph
A．Society should pay more attention to loneliness.
B．People may withdraw after using AI companions.
C．AI companions are worth trying though not perfect.
D．A debate on the effect of AI companions is necessary.
Passage 11
（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·期中）If a patient knew their doctor was going to give them bad information during an upcoming appointment, they’d cancel immediately. Generative AI models such as ChatGPT, however, frequently make stuff up to cheat our eyes. So why would anyone want to use an AI for medical purposes
Here’s the optimistic scenario (设想): not only do AI tools get trained on medical literature, but they also scan patient records and smart watch data. Then, they produce personalized tips to each user, accurate enough to be helpful. The dystopian version: governments, insurance companies, and the medical enterprises push immature AI to cut costs, leaving patients desperate for medical care from clinicians. Right now, it’s easy to imagine things going wrong, especially because AI has already been accused of offering harmful advice online.
“ChatGPT and other large language models are very confident, they express themselves clearly, and they’re very often wrong,” says Mark Dredze, a professor at Johns Hopkins University. Still, he is optimistic. ChatGPT already gives advice that’s comparable to the recommendations physicians offer online, his newly published research has found. And future generative models might complement (完善) trips to the doctor, rather than replacing consults entirely. They could help explain treatments and conditions, such as preventing misunderstandings due to language barriers. In a more promising future, AI systems would combine multiple data sources. Using photos, patient records, information from wearable sensors, and more, they could deliver good care anywhere to anyone.
As medical AI develops, the industry must keep growing amounts of patient data secure. But many hospitals already sell sensitive patient data to tech companies. Someone suggests that that information be added to national data sets to improve medical AI models. Additionally, the government could review the accuracy of AI tools used by hospitals and medical groups and cut off valuable funding for substandard software. Doctors shouldn’t just be handed AI tools, either, they should receive extensive training on how to use them.
It’s easy to see how Al companies might trick organizations and patients into signing up for services that can’t be trusted. Lawmakers, heal the are providers and tech companies need to move ahead with caution (谨慎). Lives depend on it.
37．What does the underlined word “dystopian” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Uplifting. B．Practical. C．Advanced. D．Discouraging.
38．What might be the current view on AI in medical fields
A．It can provide accurate suggestions. B．AI will adapt and replace doctors.
C．Patients are eager for AI treatment. D．There is still a long way for AI to go.
39．According to Mark Dredze, what can AI possibly help do
A．Prevent illnesses. B．Improve communication.
C．Assess doctors. D．Check recommendations.
40．Which of the following statements might the author agree with
A．The development of AI is too fast for human control.
B．It is highly irresponsible to introduce AI to medicine.
C．Promoting AI-aid medical checkups is as easy as pie.
D．The application of AI to medicine is worth joint efforts.
Passage 12
（24-25高三上·山西太原·期中）What should you do if your child steals another kid’s toy in a playdate or gets pushed by another kid at the park These are common behaviors for preschoolers who are still learning how to act around others and regulate their emotions. But for many parents, these moments are a struggle to manage.
“We feel on the spot when we’re in public,” says Celina Benavides, a developmental psychologist at Oxnard College in California. “We feel the judgmental eyes from other people, and that can shape how we parent and how children might respond to us.” So, how should parents address their kids’ challenging behaviors in public Benavides explains the reason why sometimes young children suffer meltdown is that they are stuck in a tough situation for them to handle properly. So try to distract them by stepping in timely and offering help they need.
For example, at a park, a boy comes up behind your 2-year-old daughter and hits her on the back of the head so that he can climb the stairs first, but his parents don’t say anything or apologize. What would you do “It’s always OK to simply remove your child from situations that don’t feel safe. But if you choose to engage, focus first on the harmed child. Then, move on to the child doing the harm, producing a situation to help the children repair the relationship in a healthy way.” says Benavides.
Assuming your 18-month-old son is at a children’s party. He grabs an older child’s shirt, and then takes a truck toy from his hand! The other child starts crying. Your son looks on, confused. Should the parents get involved in it “Actually, parents’ role is to help the kid figure out how to resolve the dilemma on his own.” Benavides says. He also recommends pausing before jumping in, and if you do need to participate, label what you’re seeing and ask questions, like “What if we try taking turns ” This allows children to come up with ideas themselves.
41．Why is parenting in public difficult
A．The kids’ misbehaviors are tolerated. B．It’s hard to regulate parents’ emotions.
C．Parents feel stressed by others’ judgement. D．Adults lack communication skills with kids.
42．What does the underlined word “meltdown” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Constant fear. B．Emotional outbursts.
C．Physical problems. D．Temporary setbacks.
43．What is suggested by Benavides when kids are in a dilemma
A．Blaming the child doing harm. B．Presenting children with choices.
C．Standing by without engagement. D．Getting kids away from the spot.
44．What does the text mainly talk about
A．How to parent sensibly in public. B．How to construct family relations.
C．How to develop kids’ good manners. D．How to get on well with other parents.
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