模板04 阅读理解主旨大意题
年份 卷别 题号
2024 新高考I卷 26
新高考II卷 31
全国甲卷 27
浙江卷1月 35
2023 新高考I卷 32
新高考II卷 27、35
全国乙卷 32
浙江卷1月 27、35
2022 新高考I卷 32
新高考II卷 31
全国甲卷 27、31、32
全国乙卷 31
题型 真题示例 常见设问/关键词
模板01 标题归纳题 【2024年全国甲卷B篇】 7.What is a suitable title for the text 【2024全国甲卷】 What is a suitable title for the text 设问关键词： 1.主题：文章或段落所围绕的核心话题，如在一篇关于环保的文章中，“environment protection”“sustainable development” 等与环保相关的词汇就是主题关键词. 中心思想：作者通过文章想要表达的主要观点或核心内容，它是对文章的高度概括，比如在论述友谊重要性的文章中，“importance of friendship”“value of true friends” 等可体现中心思想. 2.标题：能够准确概括文章主旨、吸引读者的短语或句子，需简洁明了且涵盖文章主要内容，像 “The Magic of Reading” 作为一篇讲述阅读益处文章的标题，“magic” 和 “reading” 就是关键信息. 3.作者意图：作者写作的目的，可能是为了阐述某个观点、讲述一个故事以传达某种道理、介绍某事物的特点等，比如作者写一篇科技文介绍新发明，其意图可能是让读者了解该发明的优势及应用前景.。
模板02文章大意题 【2024新课标 II卷】 11. What does the text mainly talk about
模板03 段落大意题 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
模板04 写作目的 【2024新课标 II卷】 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
考点关键词： 1.文章主旨大意类：常见的设问关键词有 “mainly about”“main idea”“theme”“subject”“topic” 等。 2.段落主旨大意类：通常会问某一段落的主要内容，关键词有 “mainly about”“main idea” 等。 3.标题归纳类：多以 “best title”“most suitable title” 等为设问关键词。 4.写作意图类：常见的提问方式是 “what is the purpose of the passage ”通过此句式来询问作者写这篇文章的目的。
命题预测/考情揭秘 一、命题预测 1.体裁多元化且稳定： 1）记叙文、说明文、议论文依旧会是考查的主要体裁。记叙文可能更多地从人物经历、故事发展中提炼主旨，如讲述个人成长历程、特殊事件经历等，要求考生体会其中蕴含的情感、道理或启示；说明文会聚焦于科技前沿（如人工智能应用、新能源探索）、文化现象（如传统习俗演变、地域文化特色）等方面，让考生把握所介绍事物或现象的核心内容与重要意义；议论文则围绕社会热点话题（如教育公平、环境保护政策）、人生价值观念（如奋斗的意义、友谊的真谛）展开，考查考生对作者观点态度及核心论点的准确理解。 2）应用文体裁的考查可能会有所增加，例如书信、通知、广告等，重点在于测试考生能否快速提炼关键信息并概括其主要意图，如书信中作者的主要诉求、广告的核心宣传点等。 2. 选材与时俱进： 文章选材将紧密贴合时代脉搏，涉及当下全球关注的重大事件（如气候变化应对措施、国际合作项目成果）、新兴科技发展动态（如基因编辑技术进展、太空探索新发现）、社会文化变革潮流（如社交媒体对青少年影响、多元文化融合现象）以及人们普遍关心的生活话题（如健康生活方式推广、心理健康问题探讨）等。这样的选材旨在引导考生不仅要掌握英语语言知识，更要关注社会、科技、文化等多方面的发展，培养其全球视野和社会责任感。 考情揭秘 1.理解主旨和要义：阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力，其中重要的标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，主旨大意题的解答需要学生快速准确地把握文章的核心观点。 2.干扰项特点：主旨大意题的干扰项可能属于文中某个具体事实或细节，或是从文中某些事实或细节片面推出的错误结论，也可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案则是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的，不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。 3.提问形式：主旨大意题常见的提问形式包括询问作者主要告诉我们什么，以及哪个选项可以 总结文章的主要内容。 4.文章结构理解：理解文章的基本结构对于解答主旨大意题至关重要，尤其是总分型、分总型、总分总型和分分总型的段落结构。 5.作者意图、观点和态度：理解作者的意图、观点和态度也是解答主旨大意题的关键，这要求学生不仅要理解文章内容，还要能够从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。
技巧解读 一、关注文章结构 1.总分总结构：文章开头提出主题，中间部分进行详细阐述，结尾再次强调主题。这种结构下，主旨通常在开头或结尾部分。例如，开头可能会出现 “Nowadays, more and more people are realizing the importance of environmental protection.（如今，越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性。）” 然后中间讲述各种环保措施，结尾再提及环保的重要性和未来展望，主旨很明显是关于环境保护的重要性及措施。 2.总分结构：开头提出主旨，后续段落围绕主旨展开。主旨一般在开头段落，如文章开头说 “Smartphones have had a profound impact on our daily lives.（智能手机对我们的日常生活产生了深远的影响。）” 接下来的内容就会从不同方面（如社交、学习、娱乐等）阐述智能手机的影响，那么主旨就是智能手机对日常生活的影响。 3.分总结构：先列举事例、观点等，最后总结出主旨。例如，文章先讲述了几个不同的人在面对困难时的坚持行为，最后总结 “Perseverance is the key to overcoming difficulties.（毅力是克服困难的关键。）” 这就是文章主旨。 二、寻找主题句 1.段落主题句：主题句通常在段落的开头、结尾或中间（起承上启下作用）。在开头的主题句如 “Exercise is beneficial to our health in many ways.（锻炼在很多方面对我们的健康有益。）” 后面的句子可能会具体说明锻炼对身体各部分机能的好处；在结尾的主题句可能会有总结性语言，像 “Therefore, we can see that reading widely is essential for our growth.（因此，我们可以看到广泛阅读对我们的成长至关重要。）” 2.文章主题句：文章主题句的位置也类似段落主题句。有些文章会在标题中暗示主题，正文再详细展开。 三、把握关键词 1.高频关键词：文章中反复出现的词汇通常与主旨有关。如果一篇文章多次出现 “technology”“innovation”“development” 等词，那么主旨很可能是关于科技的创新与发展。 2.同义替换关键词：注意文章中使用的同义替换词，这有助于更全面地把握主旨。例如，文章中提到 “happiness”，后面又出现 “contentment”“pleasure” 等词，它们都围绕着 “快乐” 这个主题，能帮助我们确定文章主旨是关于人们的幸福感之类的内容。 四、概括归纳法 1.记叙文归纳：对于记叙文，需要归纳故事的主要情节和中心思想。比如，故事讲述了一个年轻人从失败中振作，努力奋斗最终成功的过程，我们可以归纳出主旨是关于个人奋斗、挫折与成功，或者是成长的韧性等。 2.说明文归纳：说明文要概括说明对象的主要特征、用途、原理等。如果是介绍一种新型环保材料，就要总结这种材料的环保性能、制作工艺、应用范围等内容来提炼主旨。 3.议论文归纳：议论文要找出作者的论点和主要论据。如文章论述了在线学习的优点和缺点，论点可能是关于如何正确看待在线学习，论据就是列举的各种优点和缺点，主旨就是对在线学习的综合评价。 五、排除干扰项技巧 1.以偏概全：有些选项只涉及文章的部分内容，不是整体主旨。比如，文章讲了多种运动方式对健康的好处，而选项只提到跑步的好处，这就是以偏概全，要排除。 2.过于宽泛或模糊：选项内容过于笼统，没有针对性。例如，文章是关于某一特定历史时期的艺术风格，而选项是关于艺术的一般概念，没有具体到那个时期的艺术风格，就可以排除。 3.无中生有：选项中出现文章未提及的内容。如果文章没有提到某个技术的商业价值，而选项中出现了相关内容，就不能选。 4.与原文不符或相悖：选项与文章内容相冲突。比如文章强调阅读纸质书的好处，而选项说电子阅读完全取代纸质阅读的好处，这就与原文不符，要排除。
高考英语阅读理解细节理解题主要考查学生根据文章内容获取特定信息的能力。以下是一个详细的做题模板，旨在帮助学生高效、准确地解答这类题目：
步骤+解题思路
第一步：快速浏览，初步理解 首先，快速浏览全文，注意文章的首段、尾段以及各段落的首尾句，这些位置往往包含文章的主旨信息。 初步理解文章的大致内容和结构，对文章的主题有一个模糊但大致的方向。
第二步：精读关键信息 精读文章中的主题句、关键词和重要细节，这些通常是理解文章主旨的关键。注意文章中的转折、因果、对比等逻辑关系，它们有助于更深入地理解文章主旨。
第三步：提炼主旨大意 根据精读的信息，提炼文章的主旨大意。主旨大意应简洁明了，能够概括文章的核心内容。 可以用一句话或几句话来表述主旨大意，确保它涵盖了文章的主要观点和信息。
第四步：对比选项 将提炼出的主旨大意与题目中的选项进行对比，找出最符合文章主旨的选项。
第五步：确定答案 注意排除那些只涉及文章细节、偏离主旨或表述不准确的选项。
模板01 标题归纳题
（2024年全国甲卷B篇）
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
第一步：快速浏览
文章首段介绍了动物表达需求的方式，特别是提到猫具有惊人的发声技能。后续段落详细描述了猫如何通过发声、嗅觉以及带礼物给主人来表达和展示它们的行为和情感。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词包括“animals”、“cats”、“vocals”、“sense of smell”、“bringing gifts”等，这些关键词与猫的行为和情感表达紧密相关。
文章详细阐述了猫如何通过不同的发声方式（如饥饿时的叫声、寻求关爱时的柔和叫声）来与人类交流。
还提到了猫的嗅觉非常灵敏，它们用鼻子评估环境并寻找危险迹象，以及通过熟悉的气味来识别主人。
最后，文章提到猫带礼物给主人是展示它们爱意的行为。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
文章主要讨论了如何理解猫的行为和情感表达，包括它们如何通过发声、嗅觉以及带礼物等方式来与人类沟通。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（寻找聪明猫的技巧）与文章主旨不符，因为文章没有讨论如何寻找或识别聪明的猫。
B选项（理解你的猫的行为）直接且全面地概括了文章的主旨，即如何理解和解释猫的行为和情感表达。
C选项（和你的猫一起玩乐）虽然与猫有关，但并未涵盖文章的主要讨论内容。
D选项（如何保持你的猫的健康）与文章主旨完全不符，因为文章没有讨论猫的健康问题。
第五步：确定答案
因此，正确答案是B，即“Understanding Your Cat's Behavior”，因为这个标题最准确地概括了文章的主旨大意。
【2024届河北省高三下学期大数据应用调研联合测评七】
Wind turbines (风力发电机) work especially well out in coastal waters, where ocean winds can be very strong. Offshore wind farms cost more to build than onshore ones. Offshore equipment must be heavier than onshore equipment. It has to stand up to very heavy winds, big waves and strong currents. Sending people to install, operate and repair equipment at sea is costly. But once set up, offshore wind could pick up bonus tasks.
According to Haris Ishaq, an engineer at the University of Victoria in Canada, one of the best add-ons to wind farms is making hydrogen gas, which means making a clean power source in a clean way. A device called an electrolyzer (电解器) can split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The electrolyzer needs fresh water, not salt water. To remove the sea salt, Ishaq’s team proposes removing the salt through a special technique, which is supposed to run on the electricity produced by the offshore wind farms.
Ishap’s group also proposes adding a second bonus task to wind farms—to capture (捕获) CO2 from the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 levels are higher than ever, resulting in a worsening greenhouse effect. A process called direct air capture, or DAC, can remove CO2 from the air. The DAC devices need electricity to run. Fans move air across a solid material that captures CO2 and releases everything else. When the solid material is heated to 100° Celsius, it releases the stored CO2. The same solids can then be reused to grab more CO2. The electricity made by wind turbines would power the devices’ fans and the electric boiler, to heat the carbon-collecting solid. To store the CO2 released, Ishaq’s team proposes injecting it into a type of deep-sea rock. That rock reacts with the gas, turning it into more rock in 10 to 25 years.
Ishaq’s team modeled wind turbines, electrolyzers and DAC units on computers to confirm their proposed system is a good idea. The next step is to test a small version of this set up on a floating platform in the ocean.
35．What is the best title of the text
A．Clean Energy Is Put into Better Use
B．Hydrogen Promises to Be The Energy of Tomorrow
C．Engineers Propose Add-ons to Offshore Wind Farms
D．Wind Turbines Work Especially Well Out in Coastal Waters
模板02 文章大意题
【2024新课标Ⅱ卷】We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
11. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
第一步：快速浏览
文章首段提到食物新鲜的重要性，但商店里的农产品往往经过长时间的运输。接着提到农民市场是一个减少运输距离的好选择，而巴比伦微农场（BMF）更进一步缩短了距离。后续段落详细描述了BMF的特点、优势、员工的生活方式等。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词包括“fresh food”、“BMF”、“indoor garden system”、“new technology”、“zero emissions”、“no pesticides”、“sustainability”等。文章详细阐述了BMF作为一个室内花园系统，如何依靠新技术实现远程监控、实时提供生长数据、自动化减少用水量、零排放、无需农药等优势。还提到了BMF员工在日常生活中实践可持续性，如步行或骑自行车上班、鼓励回收和减少浪费等。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
文章主要讨论了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的主要优势，包括其作为室内花园系统的创新性设计、依靠新技术的自动化管理、零排放和无需农药的环保特点，以及员工在日常生活中实践可持续性的生活方式。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（BMF的主要优势）直接且全面地概括了文章的主旨，即BMF在多个方面的显著优势。
B选项（BMF的一般管理）虽然与BMF有关，但并未涵盖文章的主要讨论内容，即BMF的优势。
C选项（BMF的全球影响）与文章主旨不符，因为文章没有讨论BMF的全球影响。
D选项（BMF的技术标准）虽然提到了技术，但只是BMF优势的一部分，没有全面概括文章主旨。
第五步：确定答案
因此，正确答案是A，即“BMF的主要优势”，因为这个标题最准确地概括了文章的主旨大意。
（2024·陕西·模拟预测）You may feel like a master multitask er as you drink your morning coffee, catch up on email and tune into a conference call. But did you know for most people, in most situations, multitasking makes us less efficient and more likely to make a mistake.
This might not be as apparent when we’re doing simple and routine tasks, like listening to music while walking, or folding laundry while watching TV. But when the stakes are higher and the tasks are more complex, trying to multitask can negatively impact our lives — or even be dangerous.
So-called multitasking divides our attention. It makes it harder for us to give our full attention to one thing. For example, attempting to complete additional tasks during a driving simulation led to poorer driving performance. It can also affect our ability to learn, because in order to learn, we need to be able to focus. Dr. Kubu, a neuropsychologist, says, “If we’re constantly attempting to multitask, we don’t practice tuning out the rest of the word to engage in deeper processing and learning.” Another pitfall (缺陷) is that trying to do too much at once makes it harder to be mindful and truly present in the moment — and mindfulness comes with a plethora (过量) of benefits for our minds and our bodies. In fact, many therapies based on mindfulness can even help patients suffering from depression, anxiety and other conditions.
Choosing to focus on one task at a time can benefit many aspects of our life. Take surgeons for example. “People assume a surgeon’s skill is primarily in the precision and steadiness of their hands. While there’s some truth to that, the true gift of a surgeon is the ability to single-mindedly focus on one person and complete a series of task over the course of many hours.” Dr. Kubu explains. But surgeons aren’t necessarily born with this ability to monotask. Rather, they develop and perfect it through hours of practice. It is true that we perform best one thing at a time. Why not give it a try
8．What is the text mainly about
A．Why multitasking doesn’t work. B．How to improve daily performance.
C．Which career less needs multitasking. D．What positive effects multitasking has.
模板03 段落大意题
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
第一步：快速浏览
文章首段介绍了Dr. William Farber对自己采用针灸疗法的自信，并提到他正在实践一种“整体”医学。
后续段落则详细描述了Farber的转变过程和他采用的整体医学疗法在实际案例中的应用。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词：“holistic medicine”（整体医学）、“acupuncture”（针灸）、“chiropractic”（按摩疗法）、“herbal medicine”（草药治疗）、“effectiveness”（有效性）。
第三段提供了两个具体的案例：Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie在心脏病发作后通过Farber的治疗得到了显著的缓解，以及Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在接受按摩治疗后行动变得更加自如。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
第三段的主旨是展示Farber采用的整体医学疗法在实际案例中的有效性。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（按摩治疗的步骤）：第三段并未详细讨论按摩治疗的步骤，而是提供了两个整体医学治疗的成功案例，所以A选项不正确。
B选项（兽医工作的复杂性）：虽然兽医的工作可能很复杂，但第三段并未对此进行讨论，而是聚焦于整体医学疗法的有效性，所以B选项不正确。
C选项（罕见的动物疾病的例子）：第三段虽然提供了两个治疗案例，但并未讨论这些疾病是否罕见，而是用这些案例来证明整体医学的有效性，所以C选项不正确。
D选项（整体医学的有效性）：第三段通过两个具体的案例来证明Farber采用的整体医学疗法的有效性，所以D选项是正确的。
第五步：确定答案
因此，正确答案是D，即第三段主要讨论了整体医学的有效性。
（24-25高三上·河南·期中）An African penguin named Mr. Greedy died at Baltimore’s Maryland Zoo last week at the age of 33, surpassing his species’ median life expectancy of 18 years. His secret to longevity Fathering lots of penguins, apparently.
Zoo officials said Mr. Greedy helped rebuild the penguin population at zoos across North America. Doing his part to promote the survival of his endangered species, he left behind 230 descendants (子孙) and five generations of offspring as part of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums African Penguin Species Survival Plan.
Mr. Greedy was put to death painlessly following an age-related decline in his health. Jen Kottyan, leader of the survival program, said in a statement, “It’s tough to lose an animal who has been such a welcome presence at our zoo for three decades. This bird was incredibly important to the continued existence of African penguins throughout the world.”
Mr. Greedy also left behind his lifelong mate, Mrs. Greedy. Both birds hatched in 1991 and arrived at the Zoo the following year. The pair had been together since 1994, when they hit reproductive age. Mrs. Greedy is now the Zoo’s oldest penguin. Mr. Greedy earned his name due to his stealing habit. He frequently stole nesting materials and food from others. Mrs. Greedy, who joined her partner in such behaviors, also lives up to her nickname.
In the wake of the loss of her partner, zookeepers are monitoring Mrs. Greedy’s heath. “Her behavior will determine what happens next,” Kottyan said. “On condition that she shows interest, the Zoo will pair her with a single male in the colony (群体) as a companion.”
The wild population of African penguins, native to South Africa and Namibia, has declined by75% over the past 20 years, according to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, mostly due to the fact that they have great difficulty filling their stomachs. The species’ numbers, once in the millions, have also dropped because of overfishing, human disturbance of nesting grounds, pollution and climate change.
29．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Mr. Greedy’s reproductive ability.
B．Great contributions made by Mr. Greedy.
C．The number of Mr. Greedy’s descendants.
D．The African Penguin Species Survival Plan.
模板04 写作目的题
【2024·新高考I卷·D篇】 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
第一步：快速浏览
文章开头提到了AI改变生活的潜力，并引出了书籍《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》。
后续段落主要围绕这本书的内容、作者背景、AI的发展趋势以及作者的观点展开。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词包括“AI”、“book”、“future”、“challenge”、“Campbell”等。
这些关键词指向了文章的核心内容，即介绍并推荐一本关于AI的书。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell的新书《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》，并强调了这本书作为应对AI变革的实用指南的重要性。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（推荐一本关于AI的书）：与文章主旨相符，文章一直在介绍并推荐这本书。
B选项（简要介绍AI的历史）：文章并未详细讨论AI的历史，只是提到了AI的发展趋势。
C选项（澄清AI的定义）：文章并未专门澄清AI的定义。
D选项（致敬一位杰出的AI专家）：文章虽然提到了作者Catriona Campbell，但主要是作为书籍的作者来介绍，并未专门致敬她。
第五步：确定答案
综合以上分析，A选项最符合文章的主旨，即推荐一本关于AI的书。
（23-24高二上·江苏苏州·期中）Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective.
A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the “empirical stance,” is apparent by the time children reach elementary school.
The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently-sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls.
Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could deny the adult’s claim.
These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs.
The study’s implications extend beyond childhood Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony(证词)of others rather than personal experience.
So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do.
4．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To highlight adults’ role in children’s education and growth.
B．To clarify a misunderstanding about children’s learning ability.
C．To advocate for a more empirical approach across all ages.
D．To guide adults to help children avoid wrong ideas about the world.
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·四川·开学考试）The world’s first jet- suit (喷气服) race, organized by Gravity Industries, a UK-based tech company that specializes in high-powered jet-suits, took place around the Dubai Marina this week with racers wearing Iron Man-esque technology rushing around, hoping to first cross the finishing line.
All went smoothly, aside from a minor mess- up by Emirati pilot Ahmed al-Shehhi, who reportedly crashed into the water during his heat. Fortunately, he quickly rose to the water surface and gave a thumbs-up before being picked up by a rescue crew.
Inspired by F1 technology, the suits feature five gas turbines (涡轮机) fitted on the arms and back, capable of generating over 1, 000 horsepower. This allows the racer to pick up speeds of up to128 kilometers per hour. The suits can typically stay in air for just 3 minutes, although it’s possible to fly for over 7 minutes if conditions are ideal.
If the suits remind you of a certain billionaire superhero, you’re not alone. It seems that the founder of Gravity Industries also drew some inspiration from the Marvel Universe.
“The closest comparison would be that dream of flying. . . and then go wherever your mind is taking you,” Richard Browning, the founder and chief test pilot, said after the race.
“And yes, the world of Marvel superheroes and DC Comics, they have created that dream book, and we are the people who are the closest to realizing that for real,” Browning added.
Understandably, the technology doesn’t come cheap. If you fancy getting your hands on a custom- made jet-suit from Gravity Industries, expect a price tag of at least 380, 000.
It isn’t all fun and games, though. Gravity Industries has previously demonstrated that their jetpacks could be used by rescue teams to reach dangerous mountain areas. They’ve also suggested it could be used by police forces to hunt down criminals on the run.
1．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A．The definition of horsepower. B．The features of F1 technology.
C．The conditions of using jet- suits. D．The introduction of the jet- suits.
2．How did Richard Browning feel after the race
A．Confident. B．Disappointed. C．Grateful. D．Concerned.
3．What can we know about the new technology of Gravity Industries
A．It has its medical value. B．It is affordable for everyone.
C．It can be used in rescue work. D．It has been adopted by the police.
4．What is the aim of this passage
A．To compare. B．To entertain. C．To inform. D．To persuade.
Passage 2
（2024·广东韶关·一模）The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies (疗法) . The latest fountain of youth to pour from the lab comes in the form of vaccines (疫苗) against age-related conditions— cancer, heart disease, dementia and more. The first of these could be available by the end of the decade. All-purpose anti-ageing injections are also in development.
The upsides of such vaccines are clear. Anything that limits the impact of age-related conditions on people who live into old age—not to mention on the loved ones who often end up caring for them—has to be welcomed. They also promise to lessen effect on the increasingly societal and economic costs of these diseases.
But as with all anti-ageing interventions, there are potential downsides too. If millions of people live significantly longer, we risk a population explosion on a planet whose resources are already overstretched. If the vaccines merely delay the beginning of age-related conditions, they will only postpone the burden on people and society. And as Nobel prizewinner Venki Ramakrishnan told us earlier this year. a long-lived society is likely to be an unmoving one. These are familiar fears. The common answer is that the goal is increased healthspan. That means people living for longer, free from the diseases of old age, then suddenly declining and dying.
We won’t know the-outcome until: the therapies have been widely used, at which point it will be too late to put the genie back in the bottle. But there is really no turning back anyway. If vaccines and other anti-ageing therapies work and are affordable, they will be used. Besides, nobody would argue that innovations like antibiotics, vaccines and advanced diagnostics were a bad idea even though they marked the beginning of our era of age-related diseases. Similarly, we shouldn’t fear life-saving medical advances on the basis of unintended consequences. If we can make lies longer and less painful, the downsides are a price worth paying.
1．Why is the field of anti-ageing medicine growing rapidly
A．The biology of ageing is better applied. B．The trend of healthy lifestyle is rising.
C．The demand for longer life is increasing. D．The number of elderly is rising globally.
2．How do anti-ageing vaccines benefit society
A．By increasing the workforce. B．By curing people of diseases.
C．By boosting economic growth. D．By reducing healthcare expense.
3．What does the underlined phrase “put the genie back in the bottle” mean
A．To stop the process of ageing. B．To erase the impact of the therapies.
C．To create a new medical breakthrough. D．To delay the development of technology.
4．What is the best title for this article
A．Can Anti-Ageing Medicine Really Work
B．What Is the Risk of Anti-Ageing Medicine
C．How to Stay Young with Anti-Ageing Medicine
D．Is It Worthwhile Using Anti-Ageing Medicine
Passage 3
（24-25高三上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期中）People all over the world watch the Olympic Games on TV, cheer on their nations’ athletes, and get into the spirit of friendly international competition. Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬) Looking back in time can answer those questions.
The first Olympic Games in recorded history took place in 776 BC on the ancient plains of Olympia in southern Greece. These ancient games took place in a religious festival and were devoted to the Olympian gods. They continued for almost twelve centuries until Emperor Theodosius banned them in AD 393.
It was about 1,500 years after the last Olympics that the ancient games were revived (复兴). Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman devoted to the promotion of physical education, was inspired to create a modern Olympic Games after he visited the ancient Olympic site.
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in 1896, and were attended by 280 athletes from 12 countries, who competed in 43 events. In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to Greece with nearly 11,000 athletes representing 201 countries.
The first opening ceremony (仪式) was at the London Olympics in 1908. The Olympic torch was lit for the first time at the opening ceremony of the 1936 Games in Germany. The ancient Greeks had a ritual fire for their games, but the idea of lighting a torch in Olympia and relaying it to the site of the games actually belongs to Carl Diem, who was the chief organizer of the Berlin Games.
The games were cancelled three times due to global conflicts. They were not held in 1916 during World War I and in 1940 and 1944 during World War II. The games have continued uninterrupted since 1948. A minor change did take place in 1994 when the timing of the Summer and Winter Olympic Games was changed so that they would not be held in the same year.
5．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To lead in the topic. B．To make a comparison.
C．To provide an example. D．To present an argument.
6．Where can you find the data that best support “the Olympic Games have grown in size”
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 4.
C．In paragraph 5. D．In paragraph 6.
7．What mainly caused the interruption of the modern Olympic Games
A．The two world wars. B．Carl Diem’s disapproval.
C．The loss of the Olympic torch. D．The ban from Theodosius.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The rules of the Olympic Games. B．The importance of doing sports.
C．The political events of Greece. D．The brief history of the Olympics.
Passage 4
（2024·云南·模拟预测）My job is to train rats to find landmines (地雷) so the dangers can be cleared to save lives. I work for a Belgian non-governmental organization called Apopo that operates from Morogoro, in my home country of Tanzania. The rats I train are used in mine-clearing programs around the world, including in Angola, Azerbaijan and Cambodia.
The animals we use are a species of African giant rat called Cricetomys ansorgei (非洲巨鼠). They are born in sub-Saharan Africa and are the size of a small cat, which makes them easy to catch. They also live longer than other rats, which is helpful for the program, because it takes between nine months and a year to train one fully.
My colleagues and I use a method called clicker training: we teach the rats to relate a click with a food reward, and then use clicks to gradually reward their behaviour. Rats are naturally curious, so they will explore, and their great sense of smell means they can find buried landmines.
To teach the rats what to look for, we place small amounts of TNT explosives in some tea eggs and mix them with ones filled with other things. We reward the rats for touching these, then move on to reward them only when they touch a tea egg filled with explosives, rather than ones filled with other things, such as hair, flowers and so on. The rats need to perform perfectly at each stage of training before they move to the next stage. In the final stage, we use real landmines in a training field.
As trainers, we build a connection with the rats we train. Some are slow learners; others know the process very quickly. Most of the rats make it through, eventually. I work with our resident scientists to continually follow and improve our training program, because the rats are so clever that they can be smarter than trainers!
9．Why did the author choose to use Cricetomys ansorgei
A．They’re quickly trained. B．They live for up to a year.
C．They’re easily accessible. D．They can be seen commonly.
10．What’s the key to the training
A．Exercising rats’ sense of smell. B．Linking behavior and rewards.
C．Increasing the difficulty gradually. D．Making the rats get used to the click.
11．What can be inferred from the training process
A．Most rats are quick learners.
B．The training won’t stay the same.
C．Real landmines aren’t used in training.
D．Rats can find out all the explosives accurately.
12．What is the main idea of the text
A．How rats contribute to saving life. B．Why giant rats can be useful.
C．How rats are trained to find explosives. D．Why we use clicker to train rats.
Passage 5
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）For many, travel isn’t just about the destination — it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.
Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.
Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.
The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness.
Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain - helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort.
13．Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues
A．Frequent travelers. B．Book lovers.
C．Vehicle operators. D．Sport scientists.
14．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The principle of Apple’s new design.
B．The cause of motion sickness.
C．The functions of Apples new design.
D．The symptoms of motion sickness.
15．By displaying animated dots around the screen, Applet Vehicle Motion Cues is able to_____.
A．ease sensory conflicts in the brain
B．tell the mismatched physical sensations
C．balance the movement of our eyes and body
D．increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion
16．Which can be the best title of the passage
A．Make the Most of Your Journey： Apple Bridges the. Gap
B．Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got! Your Back
C．Enjoy Your Reading: Apple Offers a Revolutionary Solution
D．Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design
Passage 6
（2024·广东佛山·一模）My daughter is a smart kid, but she’ d never read an entire chapter book for pleasure. She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper, and nothing else going on. When I faced this truth, it felt like a parenting failure. Even though we’d read many storybooks when she was younger and we lived in a house stuffed with books, I hadn’t managed to instill (灌输) one of life’s fundamental pleasures in my kid.
As a lifelong reader, I understand how reading enhances the fabric of our experience. Yet my daughter claimed to dislike reading. I told her reading novels was the best way to learn about how people’s insides work. She said she could learn more from the people on social media, who were all about spilling their insides. I said books offered storytelling. She said, “Smartphones.” I said books taught history. She said, “The Internet.”
I could not win our debates, because few of my daughter’s arguments against reading seemed wrong to me. Yes, reading is a way to discover new worlds — so is the entire Internet. But that’s not why I wanted my daughter to pick up a book. It was about experiencing a certain magic. You know when an author describes a feeling you didn’t have, and a hundred lightbulbs go off on the top of your head I wanted her to have a chance at feeling that. A screen-based medium can’t create this kind of relationship because, by its nature, the medium must fill in all the blanks for you. Books leave space for blanks — and for the internal invention they can inspire.
So I decided to cut through all the reasoning with a cold, hard practicality: cash. I told my11-year-old I would pay her $100 to read a novel within a month. Of course, she said yes. She finished the book in seven days. Then she even asked for the sequel (续集) — at no extra charge. Will this lead to her reading Little Women Will it result in a lifelong habit of reading I don’t know. What I do know is that I finally opened a new door for her to the printed page. That feels like the best money I ever spent.
17．What does the “parenting failure” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Failure to get along well with her daughter.
B．Failure to meet her daughter’s emotional needs.
C．Failure to develop a reading habit in her daughter.
D．Failure to provide enough storybooks in the house.
18．Why does the author want her daughter to read books
A．To help her discover new worlds.
B．To help her fill in all the blanks.
C．To help her spend less time on the Internet.
D．To let her feel a moment of deep connection.
19．How does the author feel about spending $100 to encourage her daughter to read
A．She regrets spending the money.
B．She is unsure if it will lead to a love of reading.
C．She feels disappointed with the final outcome.
D．She is confident in her daughter’s future choices.
20．What could be a best title for the passage
A．Creating a Reader: A Mother’s Journey
B．Encouraging Reading: Tips for Children
C．The Magic of Books in a Digital Age
D．The Decline of Reading Among Children
Passage 7
（24-25高三上·陕西汉中·期中）Cats have long been known for their independence, but this doesn’t mean they don’t form strong emotional bonds with their owners. Studies have shown that cats have such ability partly due to a special hormone (激素), which is released during social interactions and bonding.
Cats are known for their purring (猫发出的呼噜声), and rubbing against their owners as a way of showing affection. They may also follow their owners around, bring them “gifts” like dead mice, or lick them with their tongues. While these behaviors may not be as obvious as a dog waving its tail, they are clear signs of a cat’s appreciation for their owner.
As a cat owner, you can do something to strengthen your bond with your beloved friend.
Creating a safe and comfortable environment for your cat is essential to building a strong bond. Cats need a space where they feel secure and at ease, with access to food, water, and a litter box. Additionally, cats are natural climbers and love to be up high. Consider installing some cat shelves to give your cat a bird’s eye view of the surroundings.
Playing with your cat is not only a fun way to spend time together, but it can also strengthen your bond with it. Cats love to play toys like string, feathers, or balls that can get them moving and engaging with you. Every cat is different and may have their own unique preferences. Some cats prefer interactive toys, while others enjoy playing with solo toys.
Cats still value their personal space. It’s important to respect your cat’s boundaries and not force it into interactions it’s not comfortable with. Recognizing and responding to your cat’s body language can help you understand its needs. For example, if your cat’s ears are flattened, it may be a sign that it’s feeling stressed. In these situations, it’s best to give your cat some space and allow it to relax on its own terms.
21．What have studies found about cats
A．They are the most independent animals.
B．They are able to release some hormones.
C．They love humans partly out of nature.
D．They enjoy interaction with other cats.
22．How does a cat most probably show its love to the owner
A．By giving the owner a dead mouse.
B．By running after the owner crazily.
C．By sticking out its tongue.
D．By happily waving its tail.
23．What should the owner do when the cat feels anxious
A．Comfort it with a hug. B．Put it on a high shelf.
C．Play a fun toy with it. D．Allow it to stay alone.
24．What’s the text mainly about
A．Whether cats appreciate their owners.
B．What environment your cats will love.
C．Why cats enjoy playing with humans.
D．How you can bond well with your cats.
Passage 8
（24-25高三上·福建·期中）Hearing a song might bring to mind the last time we saw a live band perform it. We may remember hearing the song on a road trip with high school friends, and be brought back to the sights, smells, and feelings of that experience. All of these experiences have been referred to as “music-evoked (引起) thoughts”, and recent research has sought to understand why certain thoughts occur in response to certain music.
In one study, my workmates and I compared thoughts evoked by instrumental excerpts (节选) of unfamiliar classical, electronic, and pop／rock music. Overall, listeners reported thoughts 76 percent of the time. However, the occurrence of thoughts varied across music types. Classical and electronic music evoked more thoughts than pop/rock music. This doesn’t necessarily mean pop/rock music types are unengaging. Rather, types like classical and electronic music might provide greater visual mental imagery, whereas pop/rock music might invite listeners to engage in different ways, like dancing or singing along.
We also found links related to the contexts with which we associate music. Electronic music tended to evoke thoughts about clubbing and video games, pop/rock music evoked thoughts about live performances and driving, and classical music thoughts about movies and weddings. Classical music led listeners to great capability to imagine fictional stories, as it was often composed specifically with the aim of evoking an imagined story.
These contextual associations may vary across different cultures. A recent study revealed that fictional stories reported while enjoying classical music were highly similar in two groups of young adults in the US, but the stories generated by listeners in Germany in response to these same excerpts were significantly different. This suggests that even when asked to generate entirely fictional stories, listeners are influenced by their prior associations with music. This speaks to general theories that our memories play a substantial role in shaping imagination.
Understanding how different music evokes different thoughts is important for various practical uses. For instance, a doctor might aim to trigger (触发) specific types of thoughts via music when working with a client, or an artist might engage a more creative thinking mode by listening to a particular piece of music.
25．What can we learn about “music-evoked thoughts” from Paragraph 2
A．They vary with different types of music. B．They are few occurrences in music listening.
C．They involve people in dancing to the music. D．They strike people during engaging music play.
26．What is unique about classical music
A．It was associated with clubbing. B．It provided listeners with real contexts.
C．It was intended to stimulate imagination. D．It was played more slowly than other music types.
27．What greatly influenced listeners’ imagination
A．The development level of their country. B．The previous music-related experiences.
C．The education they received while young. D．The types of story they were asked to create.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Where Does Our Memory Come from
B．Do Music Imaginings Vary with Cultures
C．Does Listening to Music Help Story Creation
D．How Does Different Music Shape Our Imagined Thoughts
Passage 9
（24-25高三上·福建·期中）We are living in a streaming paradox (悖论). As both an entertainment business model and a consumer experience, streaming has become a victim of its own success. It is a pattern shift that is beloved for giving us more choices than ever before, while also making it harder than ever to actually enjoy that abundance.
At first, streaming felt revolutionary and attractive. For a while, Netflix, like any good tech product, simply worked — on your laptop, your phone, even a stranger’s TV. Soon after, platforms and studios entered expensive bidding wars over new titles and funded more shows and movies than ever before in attempts to acquire new sign-ups. Executives felt they had no choice but to adapt to the on-demand subscription model, while confessing that the business of streaming seemed shaky.
Now we are living through the contraction (缩减). The simple truth is that it is incredibly expensive to produce and distribute content at Netflix scale and without a head start. Streaming platforms are dealing with subscription fatigue: Only so many people are willing to pay for so many platforms. Although the streaming arms race has unlocked more studio back catalogs and resulted in more original content, actually accessing all the options means shelling out more money.
Cutthroat studios may behave as if streaming is a zero-sum game, but for most consumers, it’s not. Multiple acquaintances of mine have been reduced to once-unthinkable practices, like keeping spreadsheets to track how much money they’re spending on all their different streaming subscriptions. For the studios, writers, and actors themselves, the streaming model is taking away the money that creative people used to make off reruns, among other things. It’s possible that the promise of streaming — and the instability it introduced — may hold back the entire film and TV industry for years to come.
In the long run it’s entirely possible that the model is unprofitable. What is left is a feeling of being presented with limitless choice while also experiencing a vague sense of loss. A fundamental experience of being alive on the internet in 2024 is getting everything you asked for and realizing that the end product is not what it seems.
49．How did streaming appeal to users at first
A．By replacing TVs. B．By acquiring sign-ups.
C．By offering rich choices. D．By winning subscription models.
50．What does the underlined word “fatigue” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Users are tired of too many shows. B．Platforms are worried about their cost.
C．Platforms are fed up with the arms race. D．Users are unwilling to pay for the platforms.
51．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A．The impact of streaming. B．The challenge of studios.
C．The complaint of viewers. D．The confusion of consumers.
52．What is the author’s attitude toward the future of streaming
A．Dismissive. B．Unclear. C．Positive. D．Concerned.
Passage 10
（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）Some people described the civil rights era, in the 1950s and 1960s as “the greatest singing movement in American history”. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. called music “the soul of the movement”.
Integrating singing into the cause was a deliberate choice by the movement’s organizers. It took advantage of a rich cultural tradition of music-making in communities with African American roots. Singing spirituals (圣歌) together was a key motivating activity during meetings, church services, sit-ins and freedom rides. Singing together made people feel strong. Singing inspired activists to stand up to the verbal (言语的) and physical assaults, to the police dogs, and to the high-pressure fire hoses aimed at them. Singing spirituals united people and focused them on their goals—freedom and equality.
The movement’s songs were mostly updated traditional African American spirituals. “We Shall Overcome” is probably its most famous song. Later on, the song, slightly changed to “We Will Overcome”, was taught to labor organizers in the 1940s at the Highlander Folk School. By 1952, a recording of the song was released, but the words had been changed again to “We Shall Overcome”.
In the late 1950s, the song was taught to civil rights activists at the Highlander. That’s where King first heard it. At the end of meetings, everyone would rise, join hands, and sing the song. Today, it has spread around the world and can be heard wherever freedom and justice are threatened.
“Free at Last” was another popular civil rights song. Like “We Shall Overcome”, it inspired singers to continue with a difficult struggle. It sang of the dream and promise of freedom, urging everyone to join hands and to not give up hope. King ended his famous “I Have a Dream” speech by quoting a line from it: “Free at last, free at last! ”
Taking a cue from the strengths of older African American traditions, music expressed the soul of the civil rights movement. Songs and singing proved essential nonviolent weapons in the struggle for freedom.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The goals of the civil rights movement.
B．The frequency of African Americans singing together.
C．The reason for employing singing in the civil rights movement.
D．The development of African Americans’ tradition of music-making.
2．What does the underlined word “assaults” probably mean in paragraph 2
A．Violent attacks. B．Severe problems.
C．Serious disabilities. D．Potential dangers.
3．What do the songs “We Shall Overcome” and “Free at Last” have in common
A．Both underwent a lot of changes.
B．Both required singers to stand up to sing.
C．Both influenced Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
D．Both are still very popular around the globe.
4．Which of the following a suitable title for the text
A．King—hero of the civil rights movement
B．Music—soul of the civil rights movement
C．Freedom—dream of African Americans
D．Singing—language to unite Americans
Passage 11
（24-25高三上·山东日照·期中）As we know from living on the Suncoast, mangrove trees are all around us. They grow along almost every coastline, provide habitat for fish and other wildlife, protect our homes from destructive storms and erosion, maintain clean water, and fight climate change, thanks to their carbon-storing abilities.
Still, even with their immense beauty and vital importance to our community, mangroves are threatened in our area. To stand up for the trees, Suncoast Waterkeeper has teamed up with Exspanse, Artificial Intelligence, Dimensional Geomatics and New College of Florida on a mangrove mapping project, which will track mangrove growth and conditions along northern Sarasota Bay, Palma Sola Bay, southern Tampa Bay, Terra Ceia Bay and the Manatee River.
Training for the project starts this month, when Suncoast Waterkeeper and New College data science graduate students will learn how to operate drones (无人机), using photogrammetry to measure and map the local mangroves. (Photogrammetry is the act of obtaining precise measurements from photographs.)
The training, led by Dimensional Geomatics, will provide a standard operating procedure for community and student-based mapping using drone imagery. Exspanse, based out of Longboat Key, will then provide its modeling platform to New College data science students for the hands-on experience of building, training and employing models using data from the project. Those models will show the extent and density (密度) of the surveyed mangroves. Looking at the density of the trees over time will provide insight into the overall health of mangroves in the area.
The mangrove mapping project comes at a time when protecting wetlands is significant, as Manatee County is currently considering removing policies from its Comprehensive Plan and sections of the Land Development Code, which will allow for destruction of local wetlands and wetland buffer areas. Suncoast Waterkeeper has put together a petition (请愿书) which will be sent to the Manatee Board of County Commissioners. The hope is that public knowledge about the project will bring a drive for the community to preserve and improve the condition of local wetlands, because once they’re gone, they’re gone for good.
13．Why are mangroves important to local people
A．They’re the main source of food. B．They have positive ecological effects.
C．They’re the top tourist attraction. D．They can prevent destructive weather.
14．What is the purpose of the training
A．To explore the variety of mangroves more widely.
B．To raise the participants’ environmental awareness.
C．To teach the participants about the operation of drones.
D．To gather the data about mangrove for further analysis.
15．What could be a potential challenge for the project
A．People’s disinterest in public affairs. B．Over-reliance on the use of technology.
C．Difficulty in processing the data collected. D．Lack of support from the local government.
16．What can be the best title for the text
A．A Training Program for Drone Operators
B．The Importance of Wetlands and Wildlife
C．A Mapping Project for Mangrove Protection
D．The Role of Mangroves in Local Economy
Passage 12
【2024届湖北省十堰市高三下学期5月份大联考】In recent news, it has been reported that Hollywood executives have decided to cancel an $800 million investment in a new studio. This decision comes after the emergence of a groundbreaking technology called Sora, which has sent shockwaves throughout the film industry.
Sora, developed by OpenAI, has quickly become a focal point of discussion within Hollywood. Unlike previous AI video generators, Sora has the ability to generate one-minute-long videos based on textual prompts (提示) while maintaining visual quality and consistency. It can switch between shots, adjust compositions and accurately combine video content with relevant background themes, resulting in incredibly realistic and virtual videos.
The introduction of Sora is just the beginning of a shocking shift in the film industry. Its ability to generate high-quality videos based on textual prompts raises questions about the future of traditional movie-making processes. The potential to replace certain job roles and disturb the livelihoods of some individuals is just a small part of the overall impact.
Looking ahead, the innovation of productivity tools and the potential for smaller teams to create Hollywood-level movies at a lower cost may completely transform the way films are produced. This shift could bring about new production methods, viewing experiences, and even business models within the film and entertainment industry.
This breakthrough technology has raised concerns within the film industry, as it has the potential to disturb the traditional movie production process and cause certain job roles’ losses. However, this technology also presents opportunities for innovation and cost-effective production methods. The film industry is on the edge of a transformative era, and only time will tell how Sora and similar technologies will shape its future. It likely won’t be long before audiences get to see film productions made with Sora. It can be stated with certainty that the film industry has entered a new era of rapid development in AI technology.
32．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The impact of Sora. B．The concern of Sora.
C．The potential of Sora. D．The advantage of Sora.
33．What will be challenged by Sora in the film industry
A．Textual creation. B．Individual investment.
C．Relevant job chances. D．Video content development.
34．In what aspects does Sora influence the film industry
A．Culture and business models. B．Film production cost and methods.
C．Function and viewing experiences. D．Innovation and background themes.
35．What is the author’s attitude towards Sora
A．Objective. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)模板04 阅读理解主旨大意题
年份 卷别 题号
2024 新高考I卷 26
新高考II卷 31
全国甲卷 27
浙江卷1月 35
2023 新高考I卷 32
新高考II卷 27、35
全国乙卷 32
浙江卷1月 27、35
2022 新高考I卷 32
新高考II卷 31
全国甲卷 27、31、32
全国乙卷 31
题型 真题示例 常见设问/关键词
模板01 标题归纳题 【2024年全国甲卷B篇】 7.What is a suitable title for the text 【2024全国甲卷】 What is a suitable title for the text 设问关键词： 1.主题：文章或段落所围绕的核心话题，如在一篇关于环保的文章中，“environment protection”“sustainable development” 等与环保相关的词汇就是主题关键词. 中心思想：作者通过文章想要表达的主要观点或核心内容，它是对文章的高度概括，比如在论述友谊重要性的文章中，“importance of friendship”“value of true friends” 等可体现中心思想. 2.标题：能够准确概括文章主旨、吸引读者的短语或句子，需简洁明了且涵盖文章主要内容，像 “The Magic of Reading” 作为一篇讲述阅读益处文章的标题，“magic” 和 “reading” 就是关键信息. 3.作者意图：作者写作的目的，可能是为了阐述某个观点、讲述一个故事以传达某种道理、介绍某事物的特点等，比如作者写一篇科技文介绍新发明，其意图可能是让读者了解该发明的优势及应用前景.。
模板02文章大意题 【2024新课标 II卷】 11. What does the text mainly talk about
模板03 段落大意题 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
模板04 写作目的 【2024新课标 II卷】 35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
考点关键词： 1.文章主旨大意类：常见的设问关键词有 “mainly about”“main idea”“theme”“subject”“topic” 等。 2.段落主旨大意类：通常会问某一段落的主要内容，关键词有 “mainly about”“main idea” 等。 3.标题归纳类：多以 “best title”“most suitable title” 等为设问关键词。 4.写作意图类：常见的提问方式是 “what is the purpose of the passage ”通过此句式来询问作者写这篇文章的目的。
命题预测/考情揭秘 一、命题预测 1.体裁多元化且稳定： 1）记叙文、说明文、议论文依旧会是考查的主要体裁。记叙文可能更多地从人物经历、故事发展中提炼主旨，如讲述个人成长历程、特殊事件经历等，要求考生体会其中蕴含的情感、道理或启示；说明文会聚焦于科技前沿（如人工智能应用、新能源探索）、文化现象（如传统习俗演变、地域文化特色）等方面，让考生把握所介绍事物或现象的核心内容与重要意义；议论文则围绕社会热点话题（如教育公平、环境保护政策）、人生价值观念（如奋斗的意义、友谊的真谛）展开，考查考生对作者观点态度及核心论点的准确理解。 2）应用文体裁的考查可能会有所增加，例如书信、通知、广告等，重点在于测试考生能否快速提炼关键信息并概括其主要意图，如书信中作者的主要诉求、广告的核心宣传点等。 2. 选材与时俱进： 文章选材将紧密贴合时代脉搏，涉及当下全球关注的重大事件（如气候变化应对措施、国际合作项目成果）、新兴科技发展动态（如基因编辑技术进展、太空探索新发现）、社会文化变革潮流（如社交媒体对青少年影响、多元文化融合现象）以及人们普遍关心的生活话题（如健康生活方式推广、心理健康问题探讨）等。这样的选材旨在引导考生不仅要掌握英语语言知识，更要关注社会、科技、文化等多方面的发展，培养其全球视野和社会责任感。 考情揭秘 1.理解主旨和要义：阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力，其中重要的标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。因此，主旨大意题的解答需要学生快速准确地把握文章的核心观点。 2.干扰项特点：主旨大意题的干扰项可能属于文中某个具体事实或细节，或是从文中某些事实或细节片面推出的错误结论，也可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案则是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的，不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。 3.提问形式：主旨大意题常见的提问形式包括询问作者主要告诉我们什么，以及哪个选项可以 总结文章的主要内容。 4.文章结构理解：理解文章的基本结构对于解答主旨大意题至关重要，尤其是总分型、分总型、总分总型和分分总型的段落结构。 5.作者意图、观点和态度：理解作者的意图、观点和态度也是解答主旨大意题的关键，这要求学生不仅要理解文章内容，还要能够从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。
技巧解读 一、关注文章结构 1.总分总结构：文章开头提出主题，中间部分进行详细阐述，结尾再次强调主题。这种结构下，主旨通常在开头或结尾部分。例如，开头可能会出现 “Nowadays, more and more people are realizing the importance of environmental protection.（如今，越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性。）” 然后中间讲述各种环保措施，结尾再提及环保的重要性和未来展望，主旨很明显是关于环境保护的重要性及措施。 2.总分结构：开头提出主旨，后续段落围绕主旨展开。主旨一般在开头段落，如文章开头说 “Smartphones have had a profound impact on our daily lives.（智能手机对我们的日常生活产生了深远的影响。）” 接下来的内容就会从不同方面（如社交、学习、娱乐等）阐述智能手机的影响，那么主旨就是智能手机对日常生活的影响。 3.分总结构：先列举事例、观点等，最后总结出主旨。例如，文章先讲述了几个不同的人在面对困难时的坚持行为，最后总结 “Perseverance is the key to overcoming difficulties.（毅力是克服困难的关键。）” 这就是文章主旨。 二、寻找主题句 1.段落主题句：主题句通常在段落的开头、结尾或中间（起承上启下作用）。在开头的主题句如 “Exercise is beneficial to our health in many ways.（锻炼在很多方面对我们的健康有益。）” 后面的句子可能会具体说明锻炼对身体各部分机能的好处；在结尾的主题句可能会有总结性语言，像 “Therefore, we can see that reading widely is essential for our growth.（因此，我们可以看到广泛阅读对我们的成长至关重要。）” 2.文章主题句：文章主题句的位置也类似段落主题句。有些文章会在标题中暗示主题，正文再详细展开。 三、把握关键词 1.高频关键词：文章中反复出现的词汇通常与主旨有关。如果一篇文章多次出现 “technology”“innovation”“development” 等词，那么主旨很可能是关于科技的创新与发展。 2.同义替换关键词：注意文章中使用的同义替换词，这有助于更全面地把握主旨。例如，文章中提到 “happiness”，后面又出现 “contentment”“pleasure” 等词，它们都围绕着 “快乐” 这个主题，能帮助我们确定文章主旨是关于人们的幸福感之类的内容。 四、概括归纳法 1.记叙文归纳：对于记叙文，需要归纳故事的主要情节和中心思想。比如，故事讲述了一个年轻人从失败中振作，努力奋斗最终成功的过程，我们可以归纳出主旨是关于个人奋斗、挫折与成功，或者是成长的韧性等。 2.说明文归纳：说明文要概括说明对象的主要特征、用途、原理等。如果是介绍一种新型环保材料，就要总结这种材料的环保性能、制作工艺、应用范围等内容来提炼主旨。 3.议论文归纳：议论文要找出作者的论点和主要论据。如文章论述了在线学习的优点和缺点，论点可能是关于如何正确看待在线学习，论据就是列举的各种优点和缺点，主旨就是对在线学习的综合评价。 五、排除干扰项技巧 1.以偏概全：有些选项只涉及文章的部分内容，不是整体主旨。比如，文章讲了多种运动方式对健康的好处，而选项只提到跑步的好处，这就是以偏概全，要排除。 2.过于宽泛或模糊：选项内容过于笼统，没有针对性。例如，文章是关于某一特定历史时期的艺术风格，而选项是关于艺术的一般概念，没有具体到那个时期的艺术风格，就可以排除。 3.无中生有：选项中出现文章未提及的内容。如果文章没有提到某个技术的商业价值，而选项中出现了相关内容，就不能选。 4.与原文不符或相悖：选项与文章内容相冲突。比如文章强调阅读纸质书的好处，而选项说电子阅读完全取代纸质阅读的好处，这就与原文不符，要排除。
高考英语阅读理解细节理解题主要考查学生根据文章内容获取特定信息的能力。以下是一个详细的做题模板，旨在帮助学生高效、准确地解答这类题目：
步骤+解题思路
第一步：快速浏览，初步理解 首先，快速浏览全文，注意文章的首段、尾段以及各段落的首尾句，这些位置往往包含文章的主旨信息。 初步理解文章的大致内容和结构，对文章的主题有一个模糊但大致的方向。
第二步：精读关键信息 精读文章中的主题句、关键词和重要细节，这些通常是理解文章主旨的关键。注意文章中的转折、因果、对比等逻辑关系，它们有助于更深入地理解文章主旨。
第三步：提炼主旨大意 根据精读的信息，提炼文章的主旨大意。主旨大意应简洁明了，能够概括文章的核心内容。 可以用一句话或几句话来表述主旨大意，确保它涵盖了文章的主要观点和信息。
第四步：对比选项 将提炼出的主旨大意与题目中的选项进行对比，找出最符合文章主旨的选项。
第五步：确定答案 注意排除那些只涉及文章细节、偏离主旨或表述不准确的选项。
模板01 标题归纳题
（2024年全国甲卷B篇）
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
第一步：快速浏览
文章首段介绍了动物表达需求的方式，特别是提到猫具有惊人的发声技能。后续段落详细描述了猫如何通过发声、嗅觉以及带礼物给主人来表达和展示它们的行为和情感。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词包括“animals”、“cats”、“vocals”、“sense of smell”、“bringing gifts”等，这些关键词与猫的行为和情感表达紧密相关。
文章详细阐述了猫如何通过不同的发声方式（如饥饿时的叫声、寻求关爱时的柔和叫声）来与人类交流。
还提到了猫的嗅觉非常灵敏，它们用鼻子评估环境并寻找危险迹象，以及通过熟悉的气味来识别主人。
最后，文章提到猫带礼物给主人是展示它们爱意的行为。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
文章主要讨论了如何理解猫的行为和情感表达，包括它们如何通过发声、嗅觉以及带礼物等方式来与人类沟通。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（寻找聪明猫的技巧）与文章主旨不符，因为文章没有讨论如何寻找或识别聪明的猫。
B选项（理解你的猫的行为）直接且全面地概括了文章的主旨，即如何理解和解释猫的行为和情感表达。
C选项（和你的猫一起玩乐）虽然与猫有关，但并未涵盖文章的主要讨论内容。
D选项（如何保持你的猫的健康）与文章主旨完全不符，因为文章没有讨论猫的健康问题。
第五步：确定答案
因此，正确答案是B，即“Understanding Your Cat's Behavior”，因为这个标题最准确地概括了文章的主旨大意。
【2024届河北省高三下学期大数据应用调研联合测评七】
Wind turbines (风力发电机) work especially well out in coastal waters, where ocean winds can be very strong. Offshore wind farms cost more to build than onshore ones. Offshore equipment must be heavier than onshore equipment. It has to stand up to very heavy winds, big waves and strong currents. Sending people to install, operate and repair equipment at sea is costly. But once set up, offshore wind could pick up bonus tasks.
According to Haris Ishaq, an engineer at the University of Victoria in Canada, one of the best add-ons to wind farms is making hydrogen gas, which means making a clean power source in a clean way. A device called an electrolyzer (电解器) can split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The electrolyzer needs fresh water, not salt water. To remove the sea salt, Ishaq’s team proposes removing the salt through a special technique, which is supposed to run on the electricity produced by the offshore wind farms.
Ishap’s group also proposes adding a second bonus task to wind farms—to capture (捕获) CO2 from the atmosphere. Atmospheric CO2 levels are higher than ever, resulting in a worsening greenhouse effect. A process called direct air capture, or DAC, can remove CO2 from the air. The DAC devices need electricity to run. Fans move air across a solid material that captures CO2 and releases everything else. When the solid material is heated to 100° Celsius, it releases the stored CO2. The same solids can then be reused to grab more CO2. The electricity made by wind turbines would power the devices’ fans and the electric boiler, to heat the carbon-collecting solid. To store the CO2 released, Ishaq’s team proposes injecting it into a type of deep-sea rock. That rock reacts with the gas, turning it into more rock in 10 to 25 years.
Ishaq’s team modeled wind turbines, electrolyzers and DAC units on computers to confirm their proposed system is a good idea. The next step is to test a small version of this set up on a floating platform in the ocean.
35．What is the best title of the text
A．Clean Energy Is Put into Better Use
B．Hydrogen Promises to Be The Energy of Tomorrow
C．Engineers Propose Add-ons to Offshore Wind Farms
D．Wind Turbines Work Especially Well Out in Coastal Waters
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了风力发电机虽然建造困难，但是可以承担额外的任务，加拿大维多利亚大学的工程师Haris Ishaq的团队提出的一种新的海上风力发电机的应用方案，该方案不仅可以生产清洁能源，还可以制造氢气和捕获大气中的二氧化碳。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Sending people to install, operate and repair equipment at sea is costly. But once set up, offshore wind could pick up bonus tasks.(派人在海上安装、操作和维修设备的成本很高。但一旦建立起来，海上风电可能会承担额外的任务。)”、第二段中“According to Haris Ishaq, an engineer at the University of Victoria in Canada, one of the best add-ons to wind farms is making hydrogen gas, which means making a clean power source in a clean way.(根据加拿大维多利亚大学的工程师Haris Ishaq的说法，风力发电场最好的附加设备之一是生产氢气，这意味着以清洁的方式生产清洁能源)”以及第三段中“Ishap’s group also proposes adding a second bonus task to wind farms — to capture (捕获) CO2 from the atmosphere. ( Ishap的小组还建议为风力发电厂增加第二个额外任务——从大气中捕获二氧化碳。)”可知，文章主要阐述风力发电机虽然建造困难，但是可以承担额外的任务，加拿大维多利亚大学的工程师Haris Ishaq的团队提出一种新的海上风力发电机的应用方案，通过为其安装附加设备，还可以制造氢气和捕获大气中的二氧化碳。C选项“工程师建议在海上风力发电场安装附加设备”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C。
模板02 文章大意题
【2024新课标Ⅱ卷】We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
11. What does the text mainly talk about
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
第一步：快速浏览
文章首段提到食物新鲜的重要性，但商店里的农产品往往经过长时间的运输。接着提到农民市场是一个减少运输距离的好选择，而巴比伦微农场（BMF）更进一步缩短了距离。后续段落详细描述了BMF的特点、优势、员工的生活方式等。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词包括“fresh food”、“BMF”、“indoor garden system”、“new technology”、“zero emissions”、“no pesticides”、“sustainability”等。文章详细阐述了BMF作为一个室内花园系统，如何依靠新技术实现远程监控、实时提供生长数据、自动化减少用水量、零排放、无需农药等优势。还提到了BMF员工在日常生活中实践可持续性，如步行或骑自行车上班、鼓励回收和减少浪费等。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
文章主要讨论了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的主要优势，包括其作为室内花园系统的创新性设计、依靠新技术的自动化管理、零排放和无需农药的环保特点，以及员工在日常生活中实践可持续性的生活方式。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（BMF的主要优势）直接且全面地概括了文章的主旨，即BMF在多个方面的显著优势。
B选项（BMF的一般管理）虽然与BMF有关，但并未涵盖文章的主要讨论内容，即BMF的优势。
C选项（BMF的全球影响）与文章主旨不符，因为文章没有讨论BMF的全球影响。
D选项（BMF的技术标准）虽然提到了技术，但只是BMF优势的一部分，没有全面概括文章主旨。
第五步：确定答案
因此，正确答案是A，即“BMF的主要优势”，因为这个标题最准确地概括了文章的主旨大意。
（2024·陕西·模拟预测）You may feel like a master multitask er as you drink your morning coffee, catch up on email and tune into a conference call. But did you know for most people, in most situations, multitasking makes us less efficient and more likely to make a mistake.
This might not be as apparent when we’re doing simple and routine tasks, like listening to music while walking, or folding laundry while watching TV. But when the stakes are higher and the tasks are more complex, trying to multitask can negatively impact our lives — or even be dangerous.
So-called multitasking divides our attention. It makes it harder for us to give our full attention to one thing. For example, attempting to complete additional tasks during a driving simulation led to poorer driving performance. It can also affect our ability to learn, because in order to learn, we need to be able to focus. Dr. Kubu, a neuropsychologist, says, “If we’re constantly attempting to multitask, we don’t practice tuning out the rest of the word to engage in deeper processing and learning.” Another pitfall (缺陷) is that trying to do too much at once makes it harder to be mindful and truly present in the moment — and mindfulness comes with a plethora (过量) of benefits for our minds and our bodies. In fact, many therapies based on mindfulness can even help patients suffering from depression, anxiety and other conditions.
Choosing to focus on one task at a time can benefit many aspects of our life. Take surgeons for example. “People assume a surgeon’s skill is primarily in the precision and steadiness of their hands. While there’s some truth to that, the true gift of a surgeon is the ability to single-mindedly focus on one person and complete a series of task over the course of many hours.” Dr. Kubu explains. But surgeons aren’t necessarily born with this ability to monotask. Rather, they develop and perfect it through hours of practice. It is true that we perform best one thing at a time. Why not give it a try
8．What is the text mainly about
A．Why multitasking doesn’t work. B．How to improve daily performance.
C．Which career less needs multitasking. D．What positive effects multitasking has.
【答案】 8．A
主旨大意题。根据第二段“This might not be as apparent when we’re doing simple and routine tasks, like listening to music while walking, or folding laundry while watching TV. But when the stakes are higher and the tasks are more complex, trying to multitask can negatively impact our lives — or even be dangerous.(当我们在做简单的日常任务时，比如边走边听音乐，或者边看电视边叠衣服，这可能就不那么明显了。但当风险更高，任务更复杂时，试图同时处理多项任务可能会对我们的生活产生负面影响，甚至是危险的)”文章主要从多任务处理为何不是一个有效的工作或学习策略展开，进而讨论了多任务处理带来的负面影响和专注单一任务的好处。因此，A项“为什么多任务处理不奏效？”符合文章主旨。故选A项。
模板03 段落大意题
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷B篇片段】“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
第一步：快速浏览
文章首段介绍了Dr. William Farber对自己采用针灸疗法的自信，并提到他正在实践一种“整体”医学。
后续段落则详细描述了Farber的转变过程和他采用的整体医学疗法在实际案例中的应用。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词：“holistic medicine”（整体医学）、“acupuncture”（针灸）、“chiropractic”（按摩疗法）、“herbal medicine”（草药治疗）、“effectiveness”（有效性）。
第三段提供了两个具体的案例：Leigh Tindale的狗Charlie在心脏病发作后通过Farber的治疗得到了显著的缓解，以及Priscilla Dewing的马Nappy在接受按摩治疗后行动变得更加自如。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
第三段的主旨是展示Farber采用的整体医学疗法在实际案例中的有效性。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（按摩治疗的步骤）：第三段并未详细讨论按摩治疗的步骤，而是提供了两个整体医学治疗的成功案例，所以A选项不正确。
B选项（兽医工作的复杂性）：虽然兽医的工作可能很复杂，但第三段并未对此进行讨论，而是聚焦于整体医学疗法的有效性，所以B选项不正确。
C选项（罕见的动物疾病的例子）：第三段虽然提供了两个治疗案例，但并未讨论这些疾病是否罕见，而是用这些案例来证明整体医学的有效性，所以C选项不正确。
D选项（整体医学的有效性）：第三段通过两个具体的案例来证明Farber采用的整体医学疗法的有效性，所以D选项是正确的。
第五步：确定答案
因此，正确答案是D，即第三段主要讨论了整体医学的有效性。
（24-25高三上·河南·期中）An African penguin named Mr. Greedy died at Baltimore’s Maryland Zoo last week at the age of 33, surpassing his species’ median life expectancy of 18 years. His secret to longevity Fathering lots of penguins, apparently.
Zoo officials said Mr. Greedy helped rebuild the penguin population at zoos across North America. Doing his part to promote the survival of his endangered species, he left behind 230 descendants (子孙) and five generations of offspring as part of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums African Penguin Species Survival Plan.
Mr. Greedy was put to death painlessly following an age-related decline in his health. Jen Kottyan, leader of the survival program, said in a statement, “It’s tough to lose an animal who has been such a welcome presence at our zoo for three decades. This bird was incredibly important to the continued existence of African penguins throughout the world.”
Mr. Greedy also left behind his lifelong mate, Mrs. Greedy. Both birds hatched in 1991 and arrived at the Zoo the following year. The pair had been together since 1994, when they hit reproductive age. Mrs. Greedy is now the Zoo’s oldest penguin. Mr. Greedy earned his name due to his stealing habit. He frequently stole nesting materials and food from others. Mrs. Greedy, who joined her partner in such behaviors, also lives up to her nickname.
In the wake of the loss of her partner, zookeepers are monitoring Mrs. Greedy’s heath. “Her behavior will determine what happens next,” Kottyan said. “On condition that she shows interest, the Zoo will pair her with a single male in the colony (群体) as a companion.”
The wild population of African penguins, native to South Africa and Namibia, has declined by75% over the past 20 years, according to the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, mostly due to the fact that they have great difficulty filling their stomachs. The species’ numbers, once in the millions, have also dropped because of overfishing, human disturbance of nesting grounds, pollution and climate change.
29．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．Mr. Greedy’s reproductive ability.
B．Great contributions made by Mr. Greedy.
C．The number of Mr. Greedy’s descendants.
D．The African Penguin Species Survival Plan.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了巴尔的摩马里兰动物园的一只33岁的雄性企鹅上周去世，远超企鹅的平均预期寿命中位数——18岁，他长寿的秘诀就是繁衍后代。
29．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Zoo officials said Mr. Greedy helped rebuild the penguin population at zoos across North America. Doing his part to promote the survival of his endangered species, he left behind 230 descendants (子孙) and five generations of offspring as part of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums African Penguin Species Survival Plan.(动物园的官员们说，Mr. Greedy帮助重建了整个北美动物园的企鹅种群。为了尽他所能促进濒危物种的生存，他留下了5代后代，共230个子孙，作为美国动物协会非洲企鹅物种生存计划的一部分)”可知，本段主要讲述Mr. Greedy所做出的贡献。故选B项。
模板04 写作目的题
【2024·新高考I卷·D篇】 Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To recommend a book on AI. B．To give a brief account of AI history.
C．To clarify the definition of AI. D．To honor an outstanding AI expert.
第一步：快速浏览
文章开头提到了AI改变生活的潜力，并引出了书籍《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》。
后续段落主要围绕这本书的内容、作者背景、AI的发展趋势以及作者的观点展开。
第二步：精读关键信息
关键词包括“AI”、“book”、“future”、“challenge”、“Campbell”等。
这些关键词指向了文章的核心内容，即介绍并推荐一本关于AI的书。
第三步：提炼主旨大意
文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell的新书《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》，并强调了这本书作为应对AI变革的实用指南的重要性。
第四步：对比选项
A选项（推荐一本关于AI的书）：与文章主旨相符，文章一直在介绍并推荐这本书。
B选项（简要介绍AI的历史）：文章并未详细讨论AI的历史，只是提到了AI的发展趋势。
C选项（澄清AI的定义）：文章并未专门澄清AI的定义。
D选项（致敬一位杰出的AI专家）：文章虽然提到了作者Catriona Campbell，但主要是作为书籍的作者来介绍，并未专门致敬她。
第五步：确定答案
综合以上分析，A选项最符合文章的主旨，即推荐一本关于AI的书。
（23-24高二上·江苏苏州·期中）Many people have wondered why children believe in things like Santa Claus or the Tooth Fairy, thinking that children’s minds are easily fooled. However, developmental psychology offers a different perspective.
A study published in Developmental Psychology explores how children react to ideas that go against what they usually think and if they check these ideas against what they expect. This way of checking, known as the “empirical stance,” is apparent by the time children reach elementary school.
The study involved nearly 200 children aged 3 to 8 from Chinese schools. Each child was presented with five differently-sized objects made from painted Russian dolls. The children naturally assumed that the smallest doll was the lightest and the largest the heaviest. When asked to identify the heaviest object, most children chose the largest one. An adult then either agreed with the children’s choice or made a claim that the smallest doll was the heaviest. The researchers observed whether the children would change their minds or test the adult’s claim by comparing the weights of the dolls.
Initially, children seemed to trust the adult’s word, with only a small percentage insisting on their original belief. However, when given the opportunity to explore the dolls, elementary school children who had received the surprising claim systematically tested it by comparing the smallest and largest dolls. This exploration allowed them to generate evidence that could deny the adult’s claim.
These findings suggest that while children are willing to trust an adult’s surprising claims, their acceptance is temporary. By elementary school, they systematically test such claims by seeking new evidence, which they then use to update their beliefs.
The study’s implications extend beyond childhood Most adults accept complex concepts, such as the existence of electrons, based on the testimony(证词)of others rather than personal experience.
So while children may learn about the magic of Santa Claus from adults, adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do.
4．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To highlight adults’ role in children’s education and growth.
B．To clarify a misunderstanding about children’s learning ability.
C．To advocate for a more empirical approach across all ages.
D．To guide adults to help children avoid wrong ideas about the world.
4．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合最后一段中“adults might similarly have something to learn from elementary school children: most of us would do well to adopt an empirical stance more often than we currently do.(但成年人同样也可以从小学龄儿童身上学到一些东西：我们大多数人都应该比现在更经常地采取实证立场)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童如何对待与他们通常想法相悖的观点，并如何通过实证来检验这些观点的研究，并指出这种实证立场不仅对于儿童成长有重要意义，成年人也应该从中学习，更多地采取实证立场。所以C选项“To advocate for a more empirical approach across all ages.(倡导所有年龄层都采取更实证的方法)”是本文的写作目的。故选C项。
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·四川·开学考试）The world’s first jet- suit (喷气服) race, organized by Gravity Industries, a UK-based tech company that specializes in high-powered jet-suits, took place around the Dubai Marina this week with racers wearing Iron Man-esque technology rushing around, hoping to first cross the finishing line.
All went smoothly, aside from a minor mess- up by Emirati pilot Ahmed al-Shehhi, who reportedly crashed into the water during his heat. Fortunately, he quickly rose to the water surface and gave a thumbs-up before being picked up by a rescue crew.
Inspired by F1 technology, the suits feature five gas turbines (涡轮机) fitted on the arms and back, capable of generating over 1, 000 horsepower. This allows the racer to pick up speeds of up to128 kilometers per hour. The suits can typically stay in air for just 3 minutes, although it’s possible to fly for over 7 minutes if conditions are ideal.
If the suits remind you of a certain billionaire superhero, you’re not alone. It seems that the founder of Gravity Industries also drew some inspiration from the Marvel Universe.
“The closest comparison would be that dream of flying. . . and then go wherever your mind is taking you,” Richard Browning, the founder and chief test pilot, said after the race.
“And yes, the world of Marvel superheroes and DC Comics, they have created that dream book, and we are the people who are the closest to realizing that for real,” Browning added.
Understandably, the technology doesn’t come cheap. If you fancy getting your hands on a custom- made jet-suit from Gravity Industries, expect a price tag of at least 380, 000.
It isn’t all fun and games, though. Gravity Industries has previously demonstrated that their jetpacks could be used by rescue teams to reach dangerous mountain areas. They’ve also suggested it could be used by police forces to hunt down criminals on the run.
1．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 3
A．The definition of horsepower. B．The features of F1 technology.
C．The conditions of using jet- suits. D．The introduction of the jet- suits.
2．How did Richard Browning feel after the race
A．Confident. B．Disappointed. C．Grateful. D．Concerned.
3．What can we know about the new technology of Gravity Industries
A．It has its medical value. B．It is affordable for everyone.
C．It can be used in rescue work. D．It has been adopted by the police.
4．What is the aim of this passage
A．To compare. B．To entertain. C．To inform. D．To persuade.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一次喷气服飞行比赛以及喷气飞行服技术的特点和应用领域等。
1．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Inspired by F1 technology, the suits feature five gas turbines (涡轮机) fitted on the arms and back, capable of generating over 1, 000 horsepower. This allows the racer to pick up speeds of up to128 kilometers per hour. The suits can typically stay in air for just 3 minutes, although it's possible to fly for over 7 minutes if conditions are ideal.(受到F1技术的启发，这套喷气服的手臂和背部安装了五个燃气轮机，能够产生超过1000马力的动力。这使得赛车可以达到每小时128公里的速度。这种喷气服通常只能在空中停留3分钟，但如果条件理想，也有可能飞行超过7分钟)”可知，本段作者介绍了喷气服的组件、能够产生的功率以及通常在空中持续飞行的时长，因此判断本段主要是对喷气服的基本信息的介绍。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段中““The closest comparison would be that dream of flying. . . and then go wherever your mind is taking you,” Richard Browning, the founder and chief test pilot, said after the race.(“最接近的比喻是飞行的梦想……然后随心所欲，”创始人兼首席试飞员理查德·布朗宁(Richard Browning)在比赛结束后说)”以及第六段““And yes, the world of Marvel superheroes and DC Comics, they have created that dream book, and we are the people who are the closest to realizing that for real,” Browning added.(“是的，漫威超级英雄和DC漫画的世界，他们创造了那本梦想的书，我们是最接近实现这一点的人，”布朗宁补充道)”可推知，Browning 在谈到喷气飞行服的时候非常自信。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It isn’t all fun and games, though. Gravity Industries has previously demonstrated that their jetpacks could be used by rescue teams to reach dangerous mountain areas. They’ve also suggested it could be used by police forces to hunt down criminals on the run.(不过，这并不全是娱乐和游戏。重力工业公司此前已经证明，他们的喷气服可以被救援队用来到达危险的山区。他们还建议，警察可以用它来追捕在逃的罪犯)”可知，这种技术可以用于救援工作。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“The world’s first jet- suit (喷气服) race, organized by Gravity Industries, a UK-based tech company that specializes in high-powered jet-suits, took place around the Dubai Marina this week with racers wearing Iron Man-esque technology rushing around, hoping to first cross the finishing line.(世界上第一场喷气服比赛于本周在迪拜码头举行，由总部位于英国的重力工业公司(Gravity Industries)组织，该公司专门从事高性能喷气服的制造。参赛选手们穿着钢铁侠式的科技装备四处奔跑，希望能第一个冲过终点线)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一次喷气服飞行比赛和喷气飞行服技术的特点以及应用领域等，由此推断文章的目的是告知这个活动以及这种技术。故选C项。
Passage 2
（2024·广东韶关·一模）The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies (疗法) . The latest fountain of youth to pour from the lab comes in the form of vaccines (疫苗) against age-related conditions— cancer, heart disease, dementia and more. The first of these could be available by the end of the decade. All-purpose anti-ageing injections are also in development.
The upsides of such vaccines are clear. Anything that limits the impact of age-related conditions on people who live into old age—not to mention on the loved ones who often end up caring for them—has to be welcomed. They also promise to lessen effect on the increasingly societal and economic costs of these diseases.
But as with all anti-ageing interventions, there are potential downsides too. If millions of people live significantly longer, we risk a population explosion on a planet whose resources are already overstretched. If the vaccines merely delay the beginning of age-related conditions, they will only postpone the burden on people and society. And as Nobel prizewinner Venki Ramakrishnan told us earlier this year. a long-lived society is likely to be an unmoving one. These are familiar fears. The common answer is that the goal is increased healthspan. That means people living for longer, free from the diseases of old age, then suddenly declining and dying.
We won’t know the-outcome until: the therapies have been widely used, at which point it will be too late to put the genie back in the bottle. But there is really no turning back anyway. If vaccines and other anti-ageing therapies work and are affordable, they will be used. Besides, nobody would argue that innovations like antibiotics, vaccines and advanced diagnostics were a bad idea even though they marked the beginning of our era of age-related diseases. Similarly, we shouldn’t fear life-saving medical advances on the basis of unintended consequences. If we can make lies longer and less painful, the downsides are a price worth paying.
1．Why is the field of anti-ageing medicine growing rapidly
A．The biology of ageing is better applied. B．The trend of healthy lifestyle is rising.
C．The demand for longer life is increasing. D．The number of elderly is rising globally.
2．How do anti-ageing vaccines benefit society
A．By increasing the workforce. B．By curing people of diseases.
C．By boosting economic growth. D．By reducing healthcare expense.
3．What does the underlined phrase “put the genie back in the bottle” mean
A．To stop the process of ageing. B．To erase the impact of the therapies.
C．To create a new medical breakthrough. D．To delay the development of technology.
4．What is the best title for this article
A．Can Anti-Ageing Medicine Really Work
B．What Is the Risk of Anti-Ageing Medicine
C．How to Stay Young with Anti-Ageing Medicine
D．Is It Worthwhile Using Anti-Ageing Medicine
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了抗衰老医学领域近年来因对衰老基础生物学的发现而迅速发展，这些发现已被转化为实验性疗法，其中包括针对与年龄相关疾病的疫苗。但文章认为，如果抗衰老药物有效且价格适中，它们将被广泛使用，且人们不应因担心意外后果而害怕这些挽救生命的医疗进步。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies.( 近年来，由于对衰老基本生物学的发现被转化为实验疗法，抗衰老医学领域出现了爆炸式增长。)”可知，抗衰老医学领域迅速发展的原因是关于衰老基础生物学的发现被转化为实验性疗法。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“They also promise to lessen effect on the increasingly societal and economic costs of these diseases.( 它们还有望减少对这些疾病日益增加的社会和经济成本的影响。)”可知，抗衰老疫苗有助于减轻这些疾病对社会和经济造成的日益增长的负担，因此可以减少医疗保健费用。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。在第四段中划线词前面的内容“We won’t know the-outcome until: the therapies have been widely used,(在这些疗法被广泛应用之前，我们无法知道结果，)”可知，我们不会知道这些疗法的结果，直到它们被广泛使用，但到那时再想消除它们的影响就太晚了。因此，划线词短语的意思指消除已经产生的疗法的影响。因此，选项B“To erase the impact of the therapies.(消除疗法的影响)”与划线词同义。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The field of anti-ageing medicine has exploded in recent years due to discoveries about the fundamental biology of ageing which are translated into experimental therapies (疗法) . (近年来，由于对衰老基本生物学的发现被转化为实验疗法，抗衰老医学领域出现了爆炸式增长。)”以及第三段中“But as with all anti-ageing interventions, there are potential downsides too. (但与所有抗衰老干预措施一样，它也有潜在的缺点。)”以及通读全文，文章探讨了使用抗衰老医学的价值和潜在风险，包括其可能带来的好处和负面影响。因此，D选项“Is It Worthwhile Using Anti-Ageing Medicine (使用抗衰老医学是否值得)”能够概括文章的主题，并引导读者思考使用抗衰老医学的利弊。故选D。
Passage 3
（24-25高三上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·期中）People all over the world watch the Olympic Games on TV, cheer on their nations’ athletes, and get into the spirit of friendly international competition. Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬) Looking back in time can answer those questions.
The first Olympic Games in recorded history took place in 776 BC on the ancient plains of Olympia in southern Greece. These ancient games took place in a religious festival and were devoted to the Olympian gods. They continued for almost twelve centuries until Emperor Theodosius banned them in AD 393.
It was about 1,500 years after the last Olympics that the ancient games were revived (复兴). Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman devoted to the promotion of physical education, was inspired to create a modern Olympic Games after he visited the ancient Olympic site.
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in 1896, and were attended by 280 athletes from 12 countries, who competed in 43 events. In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to Greece with nearly 11,000 athletes representing 201 countries.
The first opening ceremony (仪式) was at the London Olympics in 1908. The Olympic torch was lit for the first time at the opening ceremony of the 1936 Games in Germany. The ancient Greeks had a ritual fire for their games, but the idea of lighting a torch in Olympia and relaying it to the site of the games actually belongs to Carl Diem, who was the chief organizer of the Berlin Games.
The games were cancelled three times due to global conflicts. They were not held in 1916 during World War I and in 1940 and 1944 during World War II. The games have continued uninterrupted since 1948. A minor change did take place in 1994 when the timing of the Summer and Winter Olympic Games was changed so that they would not be held in the same year.
5．What is the function of the first paragraph
A．To lead in the topic. B．To make a comparison.
C．To provide an example. D．To present an argument.
6．Where can you find the data that best support “the Olympic Games have grown in size”
A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 4.
C．In paragraph 5. D．In paragraph 6.
7．What mainly caused the interruption of the modern Olympic Games
A．The two world wars. B．Carl Diem’s disapproval.
C．The loss of the Olympic torch. D．The ban from Theodosius.
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The rules of the Olympic Games. B．The importance of doing sports.
C．The political events of Greece. D．The brief history of the Olympics.
【答案】5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了奥运会的简史。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬) Looking back in time can answer those questions.(然而，有多少人知道这些比赛是如何产生的，为什么要创造它们？谁想出了奥运火炬的主意？回顾过去可以回答这些问题)”可知，第一段通过设问引入奥林匹克运动会的主题，故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in 1896, and were attended by 280 athletes from 12 countries, who competed in 43 events. In 2004, the Olympic Games returned to Greece with nearly 11,000 athletes representing 201 countries.(第一届现代奥运会于1896年在希腊雅典举行，有来自12个国家的280名运动员参加了43个项目的比赛。2004年，奥运会重返希腊，有来自201个国家的近1.1万名运动员参加)”可知，第四段提到1896年首届现代奥运会的280名运动员，及2004年回到希腊的运动会有近11,000名运动员参赛，体现了奥运会规模的增长，故选B项。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They were not held in 1916 during World War I and in 1940 and 1944 during World War II.(第一次世界大战期间的1916年和第二次世界大战期间的1940年和1944年都没有举行)”可知，现代奥运会取消的原因是第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战。故选A项。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet how many people know how these games came about and why they were created Who came up with the idea of an Olympic torch (火炬) Looking back in time can answer those questions.(然而，有多少人知道这些比赛是如何产生的，为什么要创造它们？谁想出了奥运火炬的主意？回顾过去可以回答这些问题)”以及下文介绍了不同时间段的事件可知，短文主要介绍了奥运会的简史。故选D项。
Passage 4
（2024·云南·模拟预测）My job is to train rats to find landmines (地雷) so the dangers can be cleared to save lives. I work for a Belgian non-governmental organization called Apopo that operates from Morogoro, in my home country of Tanzania. The rats I train are used in mine-clearing programs around the world, including in Angola, Azerbaijan and Cambodia.
The animals we use are a species of African giant rat called Cricetomys ansorgei (非洲巨鼠). They are born in sub-Saharan Africa and are the size of a small cat, which makes them easy to catch. They also live longer than other rats, which is helpful for the program, because it takes between nine months and a year to train one fully.
My colleagues and I use a method called clicker training: we teach the rats to relate a click with a food reward, and then use clicks to gradually reward their behaviour. Rats are naturally curious, so they will explore, and their great sense of smell means they can find buried landmines.
To teach the rats what to look for, we place small amounts of TNT explosives in some tea eggs and mix them with ones filled with other things. We reward the rats for touching these, then move on to reward them only when they touch a tea egg filled with explosives, rather than ones filled with other things, such as hair, flowers and so on. The rats need to perform perfectly at each stage of training before they move to the next stage. In the final stage, we use real landmines in a training field.
As trainers, we build a connection with the rats we train. Some are slow learners; others know the process very quickly. Most of the rats make it through, eventually. I work with our resident scientists to continually follow and improve our training program, because the rats are so clever that they can be smarter than trainers!
9．Why did the author choose to use Cricetomys ansorgei
A．They’re quickly trained. B．They live for up to a year.
C．They’re easily accessible. D．They can be seen commonly.
10．What’s the key to the training
A．Exercising rats’ sense of smell. B．Linking behavior and rewards.
C．Increasing the difficulty gradually. D．Making the rats get used to the click.
11．What can be inferred from the training process
A．Most rats are quick learners.
B．The training won’t stay the same.
C．Real landmines aren’t used in training.
D．Rats can find out all the explosives accurately.
12．What is the main idea of the text
A．How rats contribute to saving life. B．Why giant rats can be useful.
C．How rats are trained to find explosives. D．Why we use clicker to train rats.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．B 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何训练非洲巨鼠（Cricetomys ansorgei）来探测地雷的过程。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“They are born in sub-Saharan Africa and are the size of a small cat, which makes them easy to catch.(它们出生在撒哈拉以南的非洲，体型和小猫差不多大，这使得它们很容易被抓到。)”可知，作者选择使用Cricetomys ansorgei是因为它们容易捕获，即“容易得到”。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“My colleagues and I use a method called clicker training: we teach the rats to relate a click with a food reward, and then use clicks to gradually reward their behaviour. Rats are naturally curious, so they will explore, and their great sense of smell means they can find buried landmines.(我和我的同事们使用了一种叫做“点击训练”的方法：我们教老鼠把点击和食物奖励联系起来，然后用点击来逐渐奖励它们的行为。老鼠天生好奇，所以它们会探索，它们灵敏的嗅觉意味着它们能发现埋在地下的地雷)”可知，作者及其同事教老鼠把咔嗒声和食物奖励联系起来，然后利用咔嗒声逐渐奖励它们的行为，这样老鼠就会主动探索并利用灵敏的嗅觉找出地雷，可以推断训练的关键是把行为和奖励联系起来。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“I work with our resident scientists to continually follow and improve our training program, because the rats are so clever that they can be smarter than trainers!(我和我们的常驻科学家一起不断跟进和改进我们的训练计划，因为老鼠非常聪明，有时甚至可能比训练师还聪明！)”可知，作者提到需要不断跟进和改进训练计划，这暗示了训练过程不是一成不变的，而是会根据实际情况进行调整和改进。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了如何训练非洲巨鼠来探测地雷的过程，包括选择的理由、训练的方法、步骤以及训练过程中的一些特点和挑战。因此，选项C“如何训练老鼠寻找爆炸物”是正确的。故选C。
Passage 5
（2024·浙江杭州·一模）For many, travel isn’t just about the destination — it’s about making the most of the journey. However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.
Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.
Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.
The magic lies in the simplicity and effectiveness. The animated dots move in consistency with the vehicle’s motion, providing a visual representation of the movement your body is experiencing. By matching the visual input with the physical sensations of motion, your brain is less likely to experience the confusion that leads to sickness.
Early reports and user feedback indicate that Vehicle Motion Cues is receiving high praise for its effectiveness. So next time you embark on a journey, whether short or long, remember that Apple’s got your back — or rather, your brain - helping you make the most of every mile with ease and comfort.
13．Which type of people can be interested in Vehicle Motion Cues
A．Frequent travelers. B．Book lovers.
C．Vehicle operators. D．Sport scientists.
14．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The principle of Apple’s new design.
B．The cause of motion sickness.
C．The functions of Apples new design.
D．The symptoms of motion sickness.
15．By displaying animated dots around the screen, Applet Vehicle Motion Cues is able to_____.
A．ease sensory conflicts in the brain
B．tell the mismatched physical sensations
C．balance the movement of our eyes and body
D．increase the effectiveness of vehicle motion
16．Which can be the best title of the passage
A．Make the Most of Your Journey： Apple Bridges the. Gap
B．Find the Magic of a Moving Vehicle: Apple’s Got! Your Back
C．Enjoy Your Reading: Apple Offers a Revolutionary Solution
D．Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design
【答案】13．A 14．B 15．A 16．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍苹果公司新设计的Vehicle Motion Cue功能解决了人们晕车的问题。
13．推理判断题。由文章第一段“However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能。)”可知，iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能主要解决旅途中有晕动病，所以经常旅行的人可能会对Vehicle Motion Cue功能感兴趣。故选A项。
14．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Motion sickness occurs when there is a disconnect between what your eyes see and what your body feels. When you’re in a moving vehicle, your body senses motion through its vestibular system (the inner ear), but if your eyes are focused on a still screen that doesn’t reflect this movement, the brain receives mixed signals. This sensory conflict can lead to dizziness, nausea, and overall discomfort - symptoms all too familiar to motion sickness sufferers.(当你的眼睛看到的和你的身体感觉之间出现脱节时，就会发生晕动病。当你在移动的车辆中时，你的身体通过前庭系统（内耳）感知运动，但如果你的眼睛聚焦在一个没有反映这种运动的静止屏幕上，大脑会收到混合信号。这种感官冲突会导致头晕、恶心和整体不适——这些症状对晕车患者来说太熟悉了。)”可知，本段主要讲晕车的原因。故选B项。
15．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Apple’s new Vehicle Motion Cues feature is designed to bridge this gap and bring relief to those likely to experience motion sickness. This revolutionary feature works by displaying animated dots, around the edges of your screen, which move at the same time and speed as the motion of your vehicle. These moving cues help keep the motion your body feels in line with what your eyes see, effectively reducing the sensory mismatch that causes motion sickness.(苹果公司新的Vehicle Motion Cue功能旨在弥合这一差距，并为那些可能患有晕动病的人带来缓解。这一革命性功能的工作原理是在屏幕边缘显示动画点，这些点与车辆的运动同时以相同的速度移动。这些移动的线索有助于使你的身体感觉与你的眼睛所看到的保持一致，有效地减少了导致晕车的感官不匹配。)”可知，通过在屏幕周围显示动画点，Applet Vehicle Motion Cues能够缓解大脑中的感官冲突。故选A项。
16．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“However, for a lot of people, the journey is often ruined by an uncomfortable experience often accompanied by vomiting, known as motion sickness. If you’ve ever felt the unwelcome urge to vomit while reading or using your device in a moving vehicle, you’re not alone. Recognizing this common issue, Apple has stepped up to offer a revolutionary solution; the Vehicle Motion Cues feature for iPhones and iPads.(然而，对于很多人来说，旅途往往会被一种不舒服的体验所破坏，这种体验通常伴随着呕吐，被称为晕车。如果你曾经在阅读或在行驶的车辆中使用设备时感到不受欢迎的呕吐冲动，那么你并不孤单。认识到这一共同问题，苹果公司已经加紧提供革命性的解决方案；iPhone和iPad的Vehicle Motion Cue功能。)”以及下文可知，文章介绍苹果公司的Vehicle Motion Cue功能能解决人们晕车问题。所以D项Say Goodbye to Motion Sickness: Apple Introduces Its New Design(告别晕车：苹果推出新设计)符合语境。故选D项。
Passage 6
（2024·广东佛山·一模）My daughter is a smart kid, but she’ d never read an entire chapter book for pleasure. She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper, and nothing else going on. When I faced this truth, it felt like a parenting failure. Even though we’d read many storybooks when she was younger and we lived in a house stuffed with books, I hadn’t managed to instill (灌输) one of life’s fundamental pleasures in my kid.
As a lifelong reader, I understand how reading enhances the fabric of our experience. Yet my daughter claimed to dislike reading. I told her reading novels was the best way to learn about how people’s insides work. She said she could learn more from the people on social media, who were all about spilling their insides. I said books offered storytelling. She said, “Smartphones.” I said books taught history. She said, “The Internet.”
I could not win our debates, because few of my daughter’s arguments against reading seemed wrong to me. Yes, reading is a way to discover new worlds — so is the entire Internet. But that’s not why I wanted my daughter to pick up a book. It was about experiencing a certain magic. You know when an author describes a feeling you didn’t have, and a hundred lightbulbs go off on the top of your head I wanted her to have a chance at feeling that. A screen-based medium can’t create this kind of relationship because, by its nature, the medium must fill in all the blanks for you. Books leave space for blanks — and for the internal invention they can inspire.
So I decided to cut through all the reasoning with a cold, hard practicality: cash. I told my11-year-old I would pay her $100 to read a novel within a month. Of course, she said yes. She finished the book in seven days. Then she even asked for the sequel (续集) — at no extra charge. Will this lead to her reading Little Women Will it result in a lifelong habit of reading I don’t know. What I do know is that I finally opened a new door for her to the printed page. That feels like the best money I ever spent.
17．What does the “parenting failure” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Failure to get along well with her daughter.
B．Failure to meet her daughter’s emotional needs.
C．Failure to develop a reading habit in her daughter.
D．Failure to provide enough storybooks in the house.
18．Why does the author want her daughter to read books
A．To help her discover new worlds.
B．To help her fill in all the blanks.
C．To help her spend less time on the Internet.
D．To let her feel a moment of deep connection.
19．How does the author feel about spending $100 to encourage her daughter to read
A．She regrets spending the money.
B．She is unsure if it will lead to a love of reading.
C．She feels disappointed with the final outcome.
D．She is confident in her daughter’s future choices.
20．What could be a best title for the passage
A．Creating a Reader: A Mother’s Journey
B．Encouraging Reading: Tips for Children
C．The Magic of Books in a Digital Age
D．The Decline of Reading Among Children
【答案】17．C 18．D 19．B 20．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作者的女儿不喜欢阅读，作者想办法帮助女儿养成阅读习惯的经历。
17．词句猜测题。根据画线短语上句“She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper, and nothing else going on. (她从来没有养成过任何经典深度阅读的习惯——两只眼睛看着纸，什么都不做。)”可知，我的女儿没有阅读的习惯，由此可知，“When I faced this truth, it felt like a parenting failure.(当我面对这个事实时，感觉是parenting failure。)”中画线部分的“parenting failure”指的是“没有在女儿身上培养出阅读习惯”，作者认为自己在这方面是失败的。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“It was about experiencing a certain magic. You know when an author describes a feeling you didn’t have, and a hundred lightbulbs go off on the top of your head I wanted her to have a chance at feeling that. (这是关于体验某种魔力。你知道吗，当一位作家描述了一种你没有的感觉，一百个灯泡在你头顶上熄灭了？我希望她有机会感受到这一点。)”可知，作者希望女儿通过阅读感受到作家描述的一种你没有的感觉；由此可知，作者想让女儿读书，因为想让她感受到一段深深的联系，与作家想要表达的情感产生共鸣。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“I told my11-year-old I would pay her $100 to read a novel within a month. Of course, she said yes. She finished the book in seven days. Then she even asked for the sequel (续集) — at no extra charge. Will this lead to her reading Little Women Will it result in a lifelong habit of reading I don’t know. (我告诉我11岁的女儿，我会给她100美元，让她在一个月内读完一本小说。当然，她答应了。她在七天内完成了这本书。然后她甚至要求要续集——不额外收费。这会让她读《小妇人》吗？这会帮她养成终身阅读的习惯吗？我不知道。)”可知，作者给女儿100美元让她在一个月内读完一本小说，女儿七天内完成了这本书，甚至要求读续集而且不额外要钱，但是作者不确定自己的做法能否帮女儿养成终身阅读的习惯；由此可知，对于花100美元鼓励女儿读书，作者不确定这是否会让她爱上阅读。故选B项。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“She had never developed any habit of classic deep reading — with two eyes in front of paper, and nothing else going on. (她从来没有养成过任何经典深度阅读的习惯——两只眼睛看着纸，什么都不做。)”以及最后一段中“What I do know is that I finally opened a new door for her to the printed page. That feels like the best money I ever spent.(我所知道的是，我终于为她打开了一扇通往书本的新大门。我觉得这是我迄今为止最好的一项花销。)”可知，本文主要讲述了作者的女儿不喜欢阅读，作者想办法帮助女儿养成阅读习惯的经历，“Creating a Reader: A Mother’s Journey”意为“创造一个读者：一位母亲的旅程”，能够概括文章主要主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。
Passage 7
（24-25高三上·陕西汉中·期中）Cats have long been known for their independence, but this doesn’t mean they don’t form strong emotional bonds with their owners. Studies have shown that cats have such ability partly due to a special hormone (激素), which is released during social interactions and bonding.
Cats are known for their purring (猫发出的呼噜声), and rubbing against their owners as a way of showing affection. They may also follow their owners around, bring them “gifts” like dead mice, or lick them with their tongues. While these behaviors may not be as obvious as a dog waving its tail, they are clear signs of a cat’s appreciation for their owner.
As a cat owner, you can do something to strengthen your bond with your beloved friend.
Creating a safe and comfortable environment for your cat is essential to building a strong bond. Cats need a space where they feel secure and at ease, with access to food, water, and a litter box. Additionally, cats are natural climbers and love to be up high. Consider installing some cat shelves to give your cat a bird’s eye view of the surroundings.
Playing with your cat is not only a fun way to spend time together, but it can also strengthen your bond with it. Cats love to play toys like string, feathers, or balls that can get them moving and engaging with you. Every cat is different and may have their own unique preferences. Some cats prefer interactive toys, while others enjoy playing with solo toys.
Cats still value their personal space. It’s important to respect your cat’s boundaries and not force it into interactions it’s not comfortable with. Recognizing and responding to your cat’s body language can help you understand its needs. For example, if your cat’s ears are flattened, it may be a sign that it’s feeling stressed. In these situations, it’s best to give your cat some space and allow it to relax on its own terms.
21．What have studies found about cats
A．They are the most independent animals.
B．They are able to release some hormones.
C．They love humans partly out of nature.
D．They enjoy interaction with other cats.
22．How does a cat most probably show its love to the owner
A．By giving the owner
