2025江苏中考英语语法复习阅读理解之议论文专项练习题（含答案解析）

2025江苏中考英语语法复习阅读理解之议论文专项练习题
（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）Most of us cannot imagine modern life without social media(社交媒体). We use it almost every day in order to keep up with what is happening in our friends’ lives, or find out the latest information. Although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. We are still able to keep in touch with our friends if they are far away. With social media, friendship goes beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new. Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends, especially for those who are afraid of making friends face to face. Are you shy If yes, social media has probably helped.
Social media is also ideal for making yourself heard. Anyone with a voice can express it. Anyone with a talent is free to show it. Everyone is the new content creator. Moreover, anyone with a smartphone and the Internet can be a reporter. As a result, it has become much faster to cover the news than ever before.
Social media, on the other hand, can make us less confident sometimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library of Science, found that the more a person uses social media, the sadder he feels about his own life. One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.
Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use. Is it good or bad Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and influence of social media ... We must try to use social media in a good way.” After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
1．What is the greatest advantage of social media according to the passage
A．Expressing our voices freely. B．Showing our talents to others.
C．Recording the best side of our life. D．Connecting with people more easily.
2．What does the word “distorted” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A．clear B．different C．incorrect D．simple
3．Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage (①=Paragraph 1, ...)
A． B． C． D．
4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy B．Social Media: To Use Or Not To Use
C．Social Media: Connecting The World D．Social Media: Making Yourself Heard
（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）One teacher praises a student by saying “You’re so smart!” Another teacher says, “You must have worked really hard at this!” Which student does better in school Studies show that students who hear the words of the second teacher will do better. Those students are learning that their effort is important.
Psychologists（心理学家）looked at what students did after they were given different types of praise. Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time. Other students were told that they had worked hard at a task. They worked even harder the next time. The first group of students was learning that they had a set amount of skill. They didn’t think they could do any better. This is called a fixed mindset（思维模式）. The second group was learning that they could do better if they kept trying. This is called a growth mindset. People who have a growth mindset believe that the brain can grow; people can do better and learn new skills. If they work hard, they can be successful.
How can teachers and parents help students succeed They can focus mainly on effort and not simply on ability. When students succeed, teachers and parents should praise the actual work rather than intelligence（智力）or talent. When students fail, they should be told how they can do better. Teachers, parents and students need to value effort, not intelligence.
Beliefs of Fixed and Growth Mindsets
Fixed Mindset Growth Mindset
Things you’re born with that cannot change Things you can grow and improve with hard work
Something to avoid—could show lack of skill Something important—leads to success
Things to avoid—in case you aren’t good enough Things that help you learn
5．What kind of people have fewer chances to succeed according to the article
A．People with a growth mindset. B．People with a fixed mindset.
C．People who often learn from challenges. D．People who often learn from mistakes.
6．From the form we can know people with a growth mindset consider challenges as ________.
A．things they’re born with B．things they need to avoid
C．things that help them learn D．things that stop them improving
7．How does the writer organize the ideas in the article
A．By telling stories. B．By listing numbers.
C．By drawing mind maps. D．By comparing facts.
（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Personally, there is nothing I love more than asking “stupid” questions, especially the ones that have no right answers. I remember once asking some kids what time it was, at home, in Singapore, and finally on the Moon. After a long silence, finally a shy girl ventured (试探地说) to say that it was “every time” followed by an energetic Einstein who shouted it was “no time”. Both kids shared that week’s Noble Prize because no humans live in that faraway world and time is created by humans.
As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted. We became more results-oriented (注重结果的) and concentrate our efforts on success. If something is working, don’t fix it or worry about the cause; just relax and go with the mon belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right. Throughout history, it has been those who have questioned common belief and those who have challenged our common-sense ideas of the world that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.
In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. Why was the sky changing Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the “crazy” concept of heliocentrism (日心说), in which the Sun lies at the center of the universe while the Earth circles around it at 30 kilometers per second. But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.
People like routine, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. While those who challenge common belief tend to be subjected to abuse, the progress of humankind would have otherwise been impossible without these persistent people and their “stupid” questions.
8．What commonly happens to us when we grow older according to the author
A．We focus too much on process.
B．We still refuse to relax and go with the flow.
C．We start to challenge common-sense ideas of the world.
D．We gradually lose the ability to question common belief.
9．What’s the correct order of the following statements
a. The ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round.
b. Galileo Galilei raised the concept of heliocentrism.
c. We know about the concept of gravity.
d. Sailors noticed something special.
A．adcb B．adbc C．dabc D．dacb
10．Who might have solved the question “why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet ”
A．An ancient Greek scientist living in 500 BC．
B．Galileo Galilei living between 1564 and 1642.
C．Isaac Newton living between 1643 and 1727.
D．Albert Einstein living between 1879 and 1955.
11．How does the author develop his writing on the whole
A．By comparison and contrast B．By using supporting examples.
C．By using time and space order. D．By generalization and definition.
（2024·江苏连云港·二模）It’s important to teach your children good manners. Teaching good manners should begin long before they know how to walk or talk. In life, you have to set a good example for them.
But how do we teach them good manners There is a good book, How to behave and Why. It is written by Munro Leaf. I read it with my first grade students and we love the book. It tells good manners that every child should know. The words in the book are not difficult and there are pictures in it. They make the book easy to comprehend.
In daily life, before children are going to school or a friend’s house, tell them the importance of good manners. In your family, you can make a list of family manners. This helps children learn good manners anytime. And you can have a manner’s competition. It makes learning manners more interesting.
What are good manners for children At school, they should respect teachers and other classmates. They shouldn’t be noisy in class. And they should say “hello” or “goodbye” to teachers and classmates, and “thank you” when they get help from others. Good table manners are important, too. For example, teach your children not to talk with their mouth full. Tell them that old people should eat first. Teach your children not to be late for classes, parties, meetings and so on.
In fact, good manners will provide a lot of help for your children in their daily life. So teach them to your children and learn with your children.
12．From paragraph 1, we know the passage may be written for ________.
A．friends B．parents C．teachers D．students
13．What does the underlined word “comprehend” mean
A．Record. B．Print. C．Buy. D．Understand.
14．Which paragraphs show us examples of teaching children good manners
A．Paragraphs 1 & 2. B．Paragraphs 2 & 3.
C．Paragraphs 3 & 4. D．Paragraphs 4 & 5.
15．What does the writer think of children learning good manners
A．Helpful. B．Creative. C．Useless. D．Boring.
（2024·江苏·二模）Do you compare yourself to other people Perhaps your best friend received something you really wanted for your birthday, or you’re not allowed to go to a concert but your brother or sister is. Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.
Why does focusing on me matter “We prefer to compare ourselves to others who are doing better or not as well as ourselves,” says psychologist (心理学家) Nicola Abbott. “But comparing your achievements to your past self (where you started) and your future self (where you’d like to get to) can be more positive (积极的) .” This can make you feel proud of what you’ve achieved and excited about what you might do. Child psychologist Laverne Antrobus agrees and says that focusing on your own goals is more worthwhile than always trying to come out on top.
Do comparisons make you unhappy Comparing yourself to those around you is natural and we often do it without realizing. It can help us to find our achievements and to form friendships with new people who have similar interests. However, it’s important to be realistic (务实的) and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online and on social media. Taking notes of how the comparison is making you feel matters, too.
If you begin to feel quite low, Abbott suggests choosing a different role model or focusing on your own strengths and what you’re good at. Antrobus agrees. She says that asking yourself questions like “What am I good at ” “What do I feel proud of ” and “What improvements can I notice ” can help to improve your self-esteem (how positive you feel about yourself).
“Jealousy (忌妒) is an ordinary feeling,” says Antrobus, “but focusing on improving your own performance can help you feel just as successful. Besides, learning to celebrate your friend’s achievements can help not only to improve your friend’s feeling but can also help you feel good.”
“It will encourage you to build each other up.”
16．The underlined phrase “focusing on” means “_________”.
A．paying attention to B．making use of
C．playing a role in D．taking part in
17．According to Nicola Abbott, it is better to compare _________.
A．yourselves to others who are doing worse
B．your own past and future achievements
C．yourselves to others who often laugh at you
D．your failures with your past self and future self
18．What result can unrealistic comparisons have, as mentioned in the article
A．They always lead to greater success.
B．They create long-time happiness and joy.
C．They may result in feelings of unhappiness.
D．They have little influence on your goals.
19．The purpose of the last paragraph is to suggest ________.
A．not arguing with those successful people
B．not minding the feeling of being jealous
C．trying to do better than those around you
D．learning to congratulate friends on the progress
（2024·江苏常州·一模）It’s impossible for my children to read this, which is lucky for me, because it would give them support for the argument (争论) “Can we get a dog or a cat ” Because the research suggests that having one is good for children.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics shows that children who had a dog in their first year of life were 13% less likely to develop asthma (哮喘) by the time they were six than those from dog-free families. It is believed that children are more likely to develop allergies (过敏) if they grow up in super-clean environments. This study shows other reasons that increase the risk of asthma, but can still show only an association (联系).
It is reported that 46% of families in the UK have pets, with dogs and then cats the most common animals. The evidence (证据) which shows the advantages of having cats is not always the same, but some research still shows that pets make children healthier. A study of 397 Finnish babies in 2012 found that, during their first year of life, those whose parents had dogs or cats had fewer colds than those from homes without pets. Dogs offered more protection than cats. The researchers think this is because they brought in more dirt from outside to cause the babies’ immune systems (免疫系统) to work well.
The research also shows that having a pet may make children feel more popular and be more understanding. Older studies found that pets make family members spend more time together and have more “entertainment” they offered as well.
Pets can also help children to learn about responsibility (责任), brush the fur, clean the place they sleep, feed them, take more exercise (if you get a dog) and deal with loss—who can forget when their family pet got a car accident
In a word, keeping pets is really good for improving children’s health and their qualities. However, I still won’t allow my children to keep a pet at home. After all, both dogs and cats poop (大便) at home, and they can carry worms or other parasites. Also, it seems that few children look after the animals they repeatedly asked their parents for.
20．According to some research, having a pet makes children healthier because ________.
A．they aren’t likely to develop asthma B．they live in a super-clean environment
C．pets can protect them from danger D．dirt makes them guard against the disease better
21．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．There is no good reason for having pets. B．Having pets has its disadvantages.
C．Children share the care of pets with parents. D．Pets may bring diseases to children.
22．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Why can pets make your children healthier B．Will having a pet make your children healthier
C．How does having a pet reduce the risk of disease D．Is keeping a pet really good for your children
23．What best shows the structure (结构) of the passage
A． B． C． D．
（2024·江苏徐州·一模）“You know, when I was your age, I experienced the same things that you are now having to deal with. So you need to take my advice!”
Are you familiar with these words I think most of you are. Elderly people always like to tell young people to listen to them. They give a variety of reasons for why we should do so. But should we take all of the advice that is offered to us by our parents I don’t think so. We should definitely follow some of our parents’ advice, but not all of it. We must learn to form our own opinions.
Our parents are from a totally different generation. For example, our lessons are much more difficult than theirs when they were students. We are also under much more pressure than they once were. Most of our parents suggest we should make use of every minute to study hard. They consider doing anything else a waste of time. In view of the stressful lives that we now lead, such advice is unreasonable. It might only do harm to us. We must say no to it.
On the other hand, we shouldn’t simply turn a deaf ear to our parents’ advice, either. Our parents have more life experiences than we do. They have dealt with many difficulties. We should sincerely take their advice as long as it is reasonable.
In conclusion, we should listen to our parents selectively. Always think twice about their advice.
24．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．We shouldn’t follow our parents’ advice to form our own opinions.
B．Our lessons are much easier than our parents’ when they were students.
C．We must say no to the advice that is unreasonable.
D．All of our parents advise us to make use of every minute to study hard.
25．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The advice that we should make use of time to study hard.
B．The advice that we should do everything for our parents.
C．The unreasonable advice that our parents provide for us.
D．The advice that we should live a stressful life.
26．Why is the advice given by our parents sometimes unreasonable
A．Because our parents are from the same generation as us.
B．Because they were once under much more pressure than we are.
C．Because they used to have much more difficult lessons than we have.
D．Because our parents are from a different generation.
27．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Think twice about our parents’ advice.
B．Sincerely take our parents’ advice.
C．Say no to our parents’ advice.
D．Form our own opinions instead of taking our parents’ advice.
（2024·江苏南通·一模）You learned how to speak and understand speech during your first few years of life. No one taught you how to do this. Learning to read and write took a lot more effort. Reading doesn’t come naturally to people, but most of us have learned how. Literacy (读写能力) makes it possible to travel in a world filled with books, websites, text messages, road signs, and more.
But the world of information is changing. Why send a long letter or text when you can share photos or videos instead Why learn from a book when you can watch an instructional video or practice a skill in virtual reality (虚拟现实) Why read magazines when you can listen to podcasts (播客)
Could a growing number of people take part in today’s world without reading or writing at all Technology makes it possible. Most of our devices (设备) now talk to us. Smart virtual assistants listen for requests to report the weather, play a song, order goods, and much more. Software can also read text aloud or turn speech into text. These interactions (互动) aren’t perfect. The software still makes silly mistakes. But it’s getting better and better. It’s possible to imagine we’ll communicate with our devices and each other is spoken in the future.
But reading and writing are powerful tools. For one, most people read faster than they speak. A podcaster or audiobook teller speaks at around 150 to 160 words per minute, while a strong reader can look through a text at 300 to 400 words per minute. That’s twice as fast! Research has also found that people remember more information and stay more interested when they are reading.
Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain. In her book Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, Maryanne Wolf writes that with the invention of reading, human beings “rearranged the very organization of our brain, which in turn developed the ways we were able to think, which changed the intellectual evolution (进化) of humans.” Would you really choose to give up that progress
What do you think Do you hope people keep on reading and writing, or will technology make reading no longer needed
28．What can we learn from Para. 1
A．Reading and writing are natural skills. B．It is easy to learn to read and write.
C．Literacy is very important in daily lives. D．Most people learn reading by themselves.
29．Why does the writer mention the three questions in Para. 2
A．To offer a new way to improve reading and writing skills.
B．To ask readers to offer their answers to these questions.
C．To show the writer has many questions about the topic.
D．To show the change in the ways of getting information .
30．Which of the following supports the statement “reading and writing are powerful tools”
①Most people read faster than they speak.
②People stay more interested when they read.
③Learning to read improves the way we think.
④People can understand texts better when reading.
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④
31．Which of the following might the writer agree with
A．Reading and writing will be of no use soon. B．People shouldn’t give up reading and writing.
C．Technology will rearrange human’s brain. D．Virtual reality will take the place of books.
（2024·江苏宿迁·一模）Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look The robot should have arms to be able to lift things. And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. Scientists believe that giving a robot a face can make it seem more friendly. Humans would also like to pay more attention to robots with faces. But what kind
For Mary, she wants to make sure that her new robot doesn’t look too much like a human. She wants people to just treat it as a machine-person. If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid. Mary also believes that robot faces don’t need to look a lot like ours. Her research shows that we can enjoy communicating with robots whether or not they look like humans, because our brains are able to look for faces. Just put two circles on top of a robot’s body, and we will see a face.
Dave feels differently. He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it. If robots are going to work closely with humans, they should look as much like us as possible. After all, faces are an important part of the way we communicate.
To make his robots look as much like real people as possible, Dave invented a special skin (皮肤) for their faces. With this skin, robots can show human-like expressions and appear to be angry, sad, happy or surprised. Dave’s robots are also programmed to copy expressions. How Just imagine his robot is looking at you. The cameras in its eyes send pictures of your face to its central computer!
32．Why do scientists think a robot needs a face
A．It will become more beautiful. B．It can do better in lifting things.
C．It will pay more attention to children. D．It can better communicate with people.
33．What does the underlined word “creepy” mean in paragraph 2
A．Uncomfortable to look at. B．Impossible to touch.
C．Boring to talk to. D．Difficult to understand.
34．Which of the following would Dave most probably agree with
A．People should treat robots as humans.
B．Robots need to express their own feelings.
C．Robots shouldn’t look too much like humans.
D．People can easily accept robots with a human face.
35．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To explain the reasons why robots should have faces.
B．To suggest what humans can do with robots with faces.
C．To share ideas on what kind of faces robots should have.
D．To show how scientists invent robots with different faces.
（2023·江苏南京·三模）
To learn to think is to learn to question. Those who don’t question never truly think for themselves. Advancements(进步) are made when thinkers start to question. Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought.
Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist whose ideas explained much of the natural world, often incorrectly. He was so respected by the scientific community that even 1,200 years after his death, scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakes rather than correct them! Brilliant minds can make up and coming thinkers believe they are not as good as the minds of giants such as Aristotle, leading many to accept current ideas instead of questioning them.
I like many thinkers of the past, once believed in my mental weakness. I was certain that my parents, my teachers were always right. They were like a textbook to me; I didn’t question what was written on those pages. I respected them, and accepted whatever they told me. But that attitude soon changed. My mind’s independence was first developed in the classroom.
Astem, a 65-year-old science teacher, once told me that light is a type of wave. I confidently went through years of school believing that. One day, however, I heard the German exchange student mention that light could be made of particles(粒子). I started to question my beliefs. I went to the library, read about Einstein’s discovery that puzzles the world’s greatest thinkers—Light behaves as both a particle and a wave. I realized I had gone through life accepting only half of the story as the whole truth.
Each new year brought more new facts, and I found myself in the library after school trying to find my own answers to gain a more complete understanding of what I thought I already knew. I discovered that my parents and teachers are good tools in my quest for knowledge, but they are never the final word. That’s how I developed my independent mind.
Questions are said to be the path to knowledge and truth, and I plan to continue questioning. How many things do we know for sure today that we will question in the future At this moment, I know that our sun will burn for another five billion years, and I know nothing can escape the gravity of a black hole. This knowledge, however, may change in the next 20 years — maybe even in the next two. The one thing we can control now is our openness to discovery, which is the key to making progress for human beings!
36．In this passage, Aristotle is taken as an example to show that ________.
A．he is the greatest and respected scientist of all
B．huge influence of great thinkers may stop human thought from developing
C．advancements are made when thinkers start to question
D．great thinkers make mistakes and then correct them
37．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 has an adverbial clause which expresses ________.
A．reason B．purpose C．result D．time
38．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage
A． B． C． D．
39．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．The author is not quite sure about his future.
B．We human beings are afraid of dreaming about the future.
C．The things about black holes will change in two years.
D．Questioning is necessary to intellectual advancement.
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊。
1．细节理解题。根据“The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily.”可知最大的优点是我们可以更容易地与人联系。故选D。
2．词义猜测题。根据“One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.”可知我们周围的人把丰富多彩的信息和完美的图片放在网上，以展示他们最美好的时刻，因此，我们经常会有不正确的感觉，与我们自己的生活相比，他们的生活是多么美好，故此处划线部分意为“不正确的”，和incorrect意义相近。故选C。
3．篇章结构题。本文第一段引出话题；第二第三段介绍了社交媒体的好处；第四段介绍了社交媒体的弊端；第五段进行了总结，选项B符合文章结构。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了社交媒体的利弊，以选项A“社交媒体：我们的朋友还是敌人？”为标题最合适。故选A。
5．B 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了固定型思维和成长型思维的区别，告诉我们应该更注重后天努力，而不是与生俱来的智力才能。
5．推理判断题。根据“Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time”及“The first group of students was learning that they had a set amount of skill. They didn’t think they could do any better. This is called a fixed mindset（思维模式）.”可知，文章介绍了拥有固定型思维模式的学生在面对一项任务时，如果受到了夸赞表扬，那么下一次他们就不会再继续努力了，故可推知拥有固定型思维的人获得成功的机会较小。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据表格最后一行Challenges中“Things that help you learn”可知，拥有成长型思维的人会把挑战视为可以帮助他们学习的事情。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段“Psychologists（心理学家）looked at what students did after they were given different types of praise. Some students were told that they were good at a task. They didn’t try very hard the next time. Other students were told that they had worked hard at a task. They worked even harder the next time.”可知，文章第二段介绍了两组不同的学生在接受不同表扬后的行为表现，说明了固定型思维和成长型思维的不同；故文章通过对比事实来组织文章中心思想。故选D。
8．D 9．C 10．C 11．B
【导语】 本文是议论文，主要谈论了提出“愚蠢”问题的重要性。尽管那些挑战普遍看法的人往往会遭受不好的待遇，但如果没有这些人和他们的“愚蠢”问题，人类也就不可能进步了。
8．推理判断题。根据“As a matter of fact, we are all good at asking questions by nature, but sadly as we age, we get used to the world around us and take things for granted.”以及“Common belief may work well, but that does not mean it is always right.”可知，这里提到随着年龄的增长，我们习惯了周围的世界，把一切都视为理所当然，因此推知我们逐渐失去了质疑共同信念的能力。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round because sailors on the sea had noticed that the farther south they went, the more different stars they saw in the sky. ”可知，水手们注意到了一些特别的事情，因此希腊人想知道地球是不是圆的；根据“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略提出了“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，后来人们知道了重力，因此选项C中的顺序是正确的。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks wondered whether the Earth was round…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”；“Nearly 2,000 years later, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei… and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”可知，伽利略在公元1500年左右提出“日心说”；根据“But if the Earth is spinning around so quickly, why aren’t we being thrown off of the surface of the planet The answer to this question would not be clear for another century.”可知，对于为什么我们没有被甩出地球表面这个问题，是在伽利略提出“日心说”一个世纪后，即公元1600多年才弄清楚的，由此推知，生于1643年至1727年的艾萨克·牛顿可能是解决这个问题的人。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据“Throughout history…that have been the ones to have brought about major progress in human civilization.”；在第三段中“In 500 BC, the ancient Greeks…the more different stars they saw in the sky.”以及“the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei became interested in this question and ended up demonstrating the ‘crazy’ concept of heliocentrism (日心说),”通过例举古希腊人和意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利菜来说明正是质疑引领了人类文明的重大进步，由此可知作者是通过列举支撑例证的方式来展开写作的。故选B。
12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了教育孩子良好礼仪的重要性，以及如何教育孩子良好礼仪的方法和建议。
12．推理判断题。根据“It’s important to teach your children good manners... In life, you have to set a good example for them.”可知，作者主要是在向家长们解释如何教育孩子良好的礼仪，所以这篇文章可能是写给家长的。故选B。
13．词句猜测题。根据“The words in the book are not difficult and there are pictures in it. They make the book easy to comprehend.”可知，这本书的文字不难，还有图片，这使得这本书容易理解，所以comprehend的意思是“理解”。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“In your family, you can make a list of family manners. This helps children learn good manners anytime...”及第四段“At school, they should respect teachers and other classmates. They shouldn’t be noisy in class... Teach your children not to be late for classes, parties, meetings and so on.”可知，第三、四段给出了教孩子良好礼仪的具体例子。故选C。
15．观点态度题。根据“In fact, good manners will provide a lot of help for your children in their daily life. So teach them to your children and learn with your children.”可知，作者认为教孩子良好的礼仪对他们的日常生活有很大的帮助。故选A。
16．A 17．B 18．C 19．D
【导语】本文主要说明比较的意义，作者强调关注自己的进步对自身的幸福很重要。
16．词句猜测题。根据“Even though comparisons are normal and can sometimes be helpful, focusing on your own progress is important for your happiness.”可知，尽管这种比较很正常，有时也有帮助，但关注你自己的进步对你的幸福很重要，因此focusing on指的是“关注”，与paying attention to同义，故选A。
17． 细节理解题。根据“But comparing your achievements to your past self (where you started) and your future self (where you’d like to get to) can be more positive.”可知，Nicola Abbott认为把你的成就与过去的自己和未来的自己进行比较是积极的，即最好对现在的自己，过去的自己，未来的自己进行比较，故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据“Do comparisons make you unhappy ”及“However, it’s important to be realistic (务实的) and remember that nobody is perfect, especially online and on social media.”可以推断，比较要务实，如果不切实际的去比较，会给人带来不愉快的感受，故选C。
19． 推理判断题。根据“Besides, learning to celebrate your friend’s achievements can help not only to improve your friend’s feeling but can also help you feel good.”可推断，这段的写作目的是学会祝贺朋友的成就，故选D。
20．D 21．B 22．B 23．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述养宠物对提高孩子们的健康和素质有好处同时也有弊端。
20．细节理解题。根据“The researchers think this is because they brought in more dirt from outside to cause the babies’ immune systems (免疫系统) to work well.”可知，养宠物能使孩子更健康，因为污垢能使他们更好地抵御疾病。故选D。
21．推理判断题。根据“After all, both dogs and cats poop (大便) at home, and they can carry worms or other parasites. Also, it seems that few children look after the animals they repeatedly asked their parents for.”可知，猫和狗的大便中带有蠕虫或者其它寄生虫，此外，孩子也很少照顾宠物。由此可见，养宠物是有自身的缺点的。故选B。
22． 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要讲述了养宠物的有利于提高孩子们的健康，当然也存在一些风险，由此可见，养宠物是否会让你的孩子更健康是文章主要讨论的内容。故选B。
23． 篇章结构题。根据文章内容，第一段提出论点，研究结论表明养宠物对孩子有好处；第二段和第三段说明养宠物对孩子的健康有好处；第四段和第五段说明养宠物对孩子其他方面的好处，让孩子受欢迎、善解人意、有责任感；第六段总结并提出作者的观点。故选A。
24．C 25．C 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了对父母的建议要三思。我们要听取父母给出的合理建议，也要对他们给出的不合理的建议说“不”。
24．细节理解题。根据“In view of the stressful lives that we now lead, such advice is unreasonable. It might only do harm to us. We must say no to it”可知，对于不合理的建议，只会对我们有害。我们必须对它说不。故选C。
25．词句猜测题。根据“In view of the stressful lives that we now lead, such advice is unreasonable. It might only do harm to us. We must say no to it”可知，鉴于我们现在过着紧张的生活，这样的建议是不合理的。这只会对我们有害。我们必须对它说不。故可推测出，划线单词it表示的是父母给我们的不合理的建议。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据“Our parents are from a totally different generation”和第三段全部内容可知，父母与孩子是完全不同的两代人，父母的建议有时对孩子来说不一定有用。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了对父母的建议要三思。故选A。
28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕人类读写能力这一话题进行了论述，目前信息社会中通讯方式的多样以及智能技术的发展对人类读写能力带来了很大的影响，但是读写能力依然非常重要。
28．推理判断题。由第一段“ Literacy (读写能力) makes it possible to travel in a world filled with books, websites, text messages, road signs, and more.”可知读写能力对于日常生活很重要。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“But the world of information is changing.”可知，作者提问是为了说明现代社会获取信息的方式在改变。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据“For one, most people read faster than they speak... people remember more information and stay more interested when they are reading”对应句①和句②；“Learning to read also creates new connections in the brain...”对应句③，可知，选项A符合。故选A。
31．推理判断题。综合全文大意可知，作者认为读写能力是强有力的工具，对于人类是非常重要的，所以作者应是认为人类不应该放弃读写。选项B符合。故选B。
32．D 33．A 34．D 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍两个人对机器人是否要有人形脸持有的不同看法。
32．细节理解题。根据“And if it is going to communicate with people, it will also need a face. ”可知，机器人要与人交流，故需要脸。故选D。
33．词句猜测题。根据“If it looks more like a human than a machine, she thinks users might find it a bit creepy and feel afraid.”可知，划线词与“feel afraid”并列，由此可猜测creepy意为“看着不舒服”。故选A。
34．细节理解题。根据“He believes that although at first we might be afraid when seeing a robot with a lifelike face, we may soon get used to it.”可知，尽管机器人有人形脸可能一开始看起来令人害怕，但是我们会很快适应，说明人们能轻松地接受人形脸的机器人。故选D。
35．主旨大意题。根据“Computer scientist Mary has an idea for a new robot to help her work with children. How should it look ”和全文可知，本文主要讨论机器人需要什么脸型。故选C。
36．B 37．C 38．B 39．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了学会思考就是学会质疑，不质疑就不会真正地思考。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought.”可知第一段以亚里上多德为例，就是为了说明这个观点（伟大思想家的巨大影响可能会阻碍人类思想的发展），故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段“He was so respected by the scientific community that even 1,200 years after his death, scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakes rather than correct them!”可知在他去世后，人们依然没有纠正错误，可推知句子中的状语从句表明了结果，故选C。
38．篇章结构题。根据第一段“To learn to think is to learn to question. Those who don’t question never truly think for themselves. Advancements are made when thinkers start to question.”可知第一段提出学会思考就是学会质疑的观点。第二段以亚里士多德的例子说明观点，第三段以作者自己为例，进一步论证了质疑的作用，而第四段和第五段详细介绍了作者培养独立思考的过程，而最后一段在总结质疑是通往知识和真理的道路。结合选项，只有选项B符合题意，故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Questions are said to be the path to knowledge and truth, and I plan to continue questioning.”可知，最后一段说明了质疑是促进进步的必要条件，故选D。