湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学英语试题（含解析）
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湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2024-2025学年高三下学期开学英语试题
一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
The Kidproof Babysitter Training Program
Attention, boys and girls — want to have fun and make money, too Want to be independent and have your own small business Then our babysitting class is for you! This babysitting class is for students 13-19 years of age who want to learn how to safely babysit infants (婴儿) and young children.
This class requires a minimum number of four students to run. Participants will be informed 48 hours before the scheduled class, should it be canceled and issued a full refund (退款). Those arriving more than 10 minutes late will not be issued a refund. It is important to note that being able to focus, listen and participate is necessary to be successful in this class. If you fail to follow the instructions, your parents will be asked to collect you and a refund will not be provided.
Dates Courses Spaces Prices
August 11, 2025 CPR (心肺复苏术) for Child and Infant, Care of Choking for Child and Infant, Injury/First Aid/Hands-on Practice 9 Openings Remaining $30.00 (Members only) $35.00 (Non-members)
August 18, 2025 Fun Games & Child Care, Feeding/Nurturing 7 Openings Remaining
August 25, 2025 Child Behavior and Communication, Babysitting as a Business 15 Openings Remaining
No refunds within 72 hours of a course date, but we will transfer (转移) you into another course within one month for no additional fee. After one month, you must re-register and pay the full fee again. Tickets can also be transferred to someone else before the class date. Besides, bring a pen and wear comfortable clothes for the first-aid component of the course, as well as a bagged lunch and water bottle.
1．What do we know about the program
A．It is intended for teenagers.
B．It teaches students self-care skills.
C．Parents are required to be present.
D．Free meals will be provided after class.
2．What will students learn on August 18, 2025
A．Injury & First Aid.
B．CPR for Child and Infant.
C．Fun Games & Child Care.
D．Care of Choking for Child and/Infant.
3．What should students do if they fail to attend the class
A．Demand a refund within one week.
B．Transfer their ticket to others after class.
C．Re-register for the same class 72 hours later.
D．Sign up for another course within one month.
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity, but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book ís Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, as if a bottle of wine remaining more and more mellow as time flows.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that have to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
4．What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A．Drinking with old friends is quite beneficial.
B．Either books or us are changeable along with time.
C．It is recommended to read one book over and over again.
D．Rereading requires a large amount of time and money.
5．What do you know about Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
6．How do you understand “rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them” in the last paragraph
A．Rereading can help readers pay their debts.
B．Rereading will bring satisfaction to authors.
C．The more one reads, the richer he will be.
D．Readers should pay money to reread books.
7．What is the best title for the passage
A．Three Masterpieces I Reread Annually
B．Effective Approaches to Rereading Books
C．Author and Reader Pull Their Own Weight
D．Rereading Does Matter to Personal Growth
As trees turn gold and red in autumn, scientists are debating exactly what those colors are for. For decades, textbooks claimed that autumn colors were just a byproduct of dying leaves. “I had always assumed that autumn leaves were waste baskets,” said ecologist Dr. David Wilkinson. “That’s what I was told as a student.” But in recent years, scientists have recognized that autumn colors probably play an important role in the life of many trees.
Dr. William Hamilton, from Oxford University, proposed that bright autumn leaves contain a message: they warn insects to leave them alone. In the fall, insects choose trees where they will lay their eggs. Then the next spring, the baby insects feed on the tree, often with damaging results. A tree can discourage these insects with poisons.
Dr. Hamilton assumed that trees with strong defenses might be able to protect themselves even further by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs. By producing brilliant autumn colors, the trees advertised their deadliness. As insects evolved to avoid the brightest leaves, natural selection favored trees that could become even brighter.
The leaf-signal theory has drawn criticism, most recently from Dr. William Hoch at the University of Wisconsin, who argues that bright leaves appear on trees that have no insects to warn off. His recent work suggests that fall colors serve mainly as a sunscreen. Autumn leaves cannot capture all the sunlight striking them, and the leftover energy can build up in the leaf and cause damage to its tissue. Anthocyanins (花青素) that produce red and orange colors appear to protect autumn leaves by blocking some of the sunlight. “You may have a few instances where insects have some sort of relationship to color changes,” Dr. Hoch said, “but it’s almost certainly not a broad-based explanation. It doesn’t hold any water.”
These arguments have not swayed Dr. Hamilton’s supporters, who argue that the leaf-signal theory is still worth investigating. But both sides agree that the debate has been useful, because it has given them deeper admiration for this time of year.
8．What did Dr. Wilkinson present about autumn leaves
A．A new discovery.
B．A wide-ranging debate.
C．A commonly-held view.
D．A theoretical assumption.
9．What is the function of bright autumn leaves according to Dr. Hamilton
A．To attract certain insects.
B．To prevent trees from harm.
C．To store nutrients for the future.
D．To maintain ecological balance.
10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last two paragraphs
A．Dr. Hamilton’s supporters ignore Dr. Hoch’s criticism completely.
B．Dr. Hoch’s work rules out other functions of fall colors except as a sunscreen.
C．Both sides of the debate have had a better understanding of the functions of colors.
D．The lack of a connection between bright leaves and insect warning is evidence for Dr. Hoch’s criticism.
11．What is the main idea of the text
A．The sun’s hot touch can burn tree leaves.
B．Mother nature favors the most colorful leaves.
C．Autumn leaves are just nature’s waste baskets.
D．Those brilliant fall outfits may be saving trees.
Dreams have fascinated people for years, yet we struggle to understand their purpose. Some theories suggest dreams help us deal with emotions, solve problems or manage hidden desires. Others suggest they clean up brain waste or make memories stronger.
David Eagleman, a neuroscientist at Stanford University, suggests another theory. It takes into account that the human brain has an ability called neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) - certain areas are able to take on new tasks. He argues the brain distributes its resources by “carrying out a do-or-die competition” for brain territory where sensory areas “gain or lose neural territory when inputs slow, stop or shift”. “For example, people who lose sight or hearing show heightened sensitivity in the remaining senses,” says Eagleman.
When we sleep, we can smell, hear and feel, but visual information is absent - except during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. About 90 minutes after falling sleep, we enter REM sleep. It begins when neurons in your brain stem signal the beginning of two important tasks. Activity of these neurons, for one, paralyze motor nerves, hampering the sleeper’s acting out what is happening in the dream. Also, they send messages directly to the visual cortex (皮层), which starts the dreaming process. As long as the neurons in the visual cortex are actively performing their job, they won’t be taken over by nearby neurons that process other sensory information. Dreams are the brain’s way of fighting the takeover from other senses.
Eagleman argues that the more plastic the brain is, the more necessary REM sleep is for performing a defense. For babies to develop properly, they must sleep a lot, spending almost 50 percent of their time in REM sleep. But as people age, their brains become less flexible. At the same time, adults spend less time on REM sleep.
Deirdre Leigh Barrett, a psychologist at Harvard University, says, “Eagleman’s theory is very convincing.” However, some dream researchers have different views. They think although the blind mole rat does not see, it still experiences REM sleep. Yet some evolutionary adaptations are features that were useful in the past but have become less significant as animals have evolved. So perhaps there was no pressure for blind mole rats to lose REM activity as they evolved without vision.
12．Why does Eagleman mention the example in paragraph 2
A．To show the brain is highly adaptive.
B．To prove the neurons can repair themselves.
C．To explain the significance of the five senses.
D．To illustrate the unevenness of the brain resource.
13．What does the underlined word “hampering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Conducting. B．Preventing. C．Spotting. D．Stimulating.
14．What can be inferred from Eagleman’s statements in paragraph 4
A．Brain plasticity increases as people get older.
B．REM sleep and brain plasticity are interrelated.
C．Adults need more sleep to keep fit than babies.
D．People’s aging process has little effect on REM sleep.
15．What do some dream researchers think of Eagleman’s theory
A．It lacks credibility.
B．Its theoretical basis is novel.
C．Its application is limited.
D．It agrees with evolutionary laws.
The California road trip down Highway 1 is iconic. 16 It’s a dream trip for people who like to drive cars. So when I was offered the opportunity to do that trip in an electric vehicle (EV) — sort of reimagining that classic road trip without contributing to climate change — I decided to give it a try.
I picked up my electric car, a Tesla, at San Francisco International Airport. I was worried that it would have a steep learning curve, but it was really like any other car. 17 However, it took me less than 30 minutes to adjust to all these things. The ride itself was smooth, and it felt the same as driving a traditional car. It had so much power and that surprised me. It can go very fast, very quickly, even on the steep hills the region is known for.
My biggest concern at the beginning of this EV road trip was running out of battery life in the middle of nowhere. 18 I had no idea how advanced the infrastructure for EVs would be on my route. Before I left, I just checked Google Maps for charging stations and a couple of forums to make sure an all-EV road trip was possible, at least in theory.
When I picked up the car, it said I could go more than 250 miles on one charge. 19 I’d also heard that some electric cars use a lot of electricity if you turn on the heat, but I never turned on the heat because it was the perfect temperature during my trip.
Beyond the ease and convenience of ecotourism, it felt good to be driving an EV in this area too. Not that EVs don’t pollute at all, but it was a good feeling to not be doing the opposite of what I should do in that beautiful landscape. You’ve got a silent car, you don’t disturb the animals, and you don’t pollute the air. 20 .
A．I never tested that on the trip.
B．I didn’t like eco-friendly cars at all.
C．I’m not the fastest guy with electronics.
D．Almost everyone knows about that route.
E．It’s a lot more eco-friendly than a normal car.
F．I had never driven an eco-friendly car before.
G．The route is well-known for its rough conditions.
二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He 21 his employer-contractor of his intentions to leave the house-building business to live a more 22 life with his wife and enjoy his extended family. He would 23 the paycheck each week, but he acknowledged that they could 24 without it. The contractor, sad to lose a(n) 25 worker, asked him to build one last house as a personal 26 .
The carpenter agreed but lost enthusiasm for his work, turning to poor 27 and inferior materials. It was an unfortunate way to end a(n) 28 career.
When the carpenter finished his work, his employer came to 29 the house. Then he handed the front-door 30 to the carpenter and said, “This is your house…my gift to you.” Shocked, the carpenter realized he had built his own future home carelessly.
What a 31 ! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently.
This story 32 our lives. We 33 our futures daily, often without putting in our best effort. Later, we’re terrified to find we must live in the houses we’ve built. Knowing we can’t redo the past, we should remember: we are the 34 of our lives. Each day, our actions and choices 35 our future. As someone said, “Life is a do-it-yourself project.” Build wisely, starting today.
21．A．reminded B．informed C．warned D．accused
22．A．flexible B．fulfilling C．leisurely D．hurried
23．A．earn B．demand C．count D．miss
24．A．get by B．carry on C．fit in D．pass by
25．A．talkative B．energetic C．friendly D．competent
26．A．idea B．achievement C．favor D．plan
27．A．workmanship B．reputation C．communication D．leadership
28．A．crazy B．short C．remarkable D．ordinary
29．A．admire B．inspect C．decorate D．paint
30．A．lock B．handle C．document D．key
31．A．shame B．coincidence C．relief D．mess
32．A．guides B．mirrors C．inspires D．changes
33．A．imagine B．enjoy C．construct D．consider
34．A．owners B．carpenters C．passengers D．observers
35．A．shape B．predict C．record D．show
三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The black box of a passenger jet that crashed in South Korea’s southwestern airport late last month failed to work for the last four minutes.
About 36 size of a shoebox, a black box actually 37 (compose) of two parts: a flight data recorder (FDR) and a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). The recorded data help investigators work out whether a mechanical fault, human error 38 something else caused the crash.
The ministry’s aviation railway accident investigation committee planned to identify the cause 39 the data not being stored. The localizer (航向信标台) refers to a part of the instrument landing system 40 (provide) aircraft with runway centerline guidance.
On Dec. 29, 2024, a Jeju Air passenger jet, 41 carried 181 people from Bangkok, landed without heels, skidded off the runway and hit a concrete mound (土堆) 42 (equip) with the localizer at the end of the runway at Muan International Airport.
The accident killed 179 people aboard the aircraft, with only 2 surviving. It was precisely because the two crew members were sitting in the tail of the plane and fastening their seat-belts that they were able 43 (rescue). Four minutes before the accident happened, the plane’s captain shouted a Mayday (无线电求救信号) and announced the return to the airport.
The ministry said that they swore to 44 (thorough) investigate the accident through an 45 (analyze) of various data to get to the bottom of the incident.
四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
46．假定你是李华，外教David在上学期期末学生的评教调查里，满意度不太理想，这让他十分困惑。新学期伊始，他向同学们征求意见。请你给David写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.你的看法；
2.你的建议(至少两点)。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
I hope this email finds you well.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One morning on my way to school，I noticed an elderly woman dressed in a yellow vest(马甲) carrying a garbage bag and one of those rubbish claws(爪形器具)．“What’s that lady doing？” I asked Mum.“Vest Lady.She just picks up rubbish around here for fun，” Mum said.“Why would someone think picking up rubbish looking like a construction worker is fun？” I puzzled.
For several years I’d witness this mysterious Vest Lady—rain or shine—on my way to school.I had thought she was crazy for picking up rubbish.Eventually I smiled and waved at her each time I saw her.Later，I moved to high school.The time I saw rubbish here and there I felt really annoyed.Then I’d think，“Why isn’t anyone picking up this rubbish People are so inconsiderate！” However，shortly after，I realized picking up the rubbish was not someone else’s problem.
Now I couldn’t walk past litter without feeling guilty.I volunteered to clean up rubbish around our school.Strange as it might sound，picking up litter was kind of a thrill for me! In fact，I was so determined that for my 17th birthday I bought myself a rubbish claw，reusable gloves and a reflective safety yellow vest with my own name on it.
During my first attempt in my stylish equipment，I met with unfriendly looks from others as if I were a criminal doing community service.One day，I had an epiphany(顿悟)：“I’m acting just like Vest Lady！”
But there was too much rubbish around，cigarette ends littered about，cans rolling on the street，pieces of paper hidden in the grass and plastic.Myself alone was too weak！How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish removal A smart idea flashed into my mind.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Soon I created my website .
More and more people put on vests with their own names.
参考答案
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为The Kidproof Babysitter Training Program的保姆培训课程的相关信息。
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This babysitting class is for students 13-19 years of age who want to learn how to safely babysit infants (婴儿) and young children.(这个保姆课程是为13-19岁的学生设计的，他们想学习如何安全地照顾婴儿和幼儿)”可知，这个课程是为青少年设计的。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据表格中“August 18, 2025”对应的“Fun Games & Child Care, Feeding/Nurturing(有趣的游戏和儿童护理，喂养/培育)”可知，在2025年8月18日，学生们将学习“有趣的游戏和儿童护理，喂养/养育”。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“No refunds within 72 hours of a course date, but we will transfer (转移) you into another course within one month for no additional fee.(在课程日期后的72小时内不退款，但我们将在一个月内将您转到另一门课程，不收取额外费用)”可知，课程开始前 72 小时内不退款，但可以在一个月内转到另一门课程，所以，如果学生不能参加课程，可以在 在一个月内报名另一门课程。故选D项。
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．B 7．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了重读书籍的意义以及作者自己重读书籍的体验。
【解析】4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但书不会变，人会变。这就是重读如此丰富和具有变革性的原因)”可推知，作者在第一段暗示重读一本书是值得推荐的。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.(第一本是我每年春天都要读的欧内斯特 海明威的《流动的盛宴》。该书出版于1964年，是他对20世纪20年代巴黎的经典回忆录。语言几乎令人陶醉，一个年老的作家回顾了一个雄心壮志但更单纯的年代)”可知，海明威的《流动的盛宴》是关于他年轻时的生活。故选B项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.(但我想，虽然金钱确实是美好和必要的，但重读作者的作品是读者能支付给他们的最高货币。最好的书是那些随着时间推移能展现出更多内涵的书)”可知，重读是对作者最高的回馈，因为读者更好地理解了作者的作品和思想，这对作者来说是一种很高的认可和回报，故划线句可理解为“重读会给作者带来满足感”。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但书不会变，人会变。这就是重读如此丰富和具有变革性的原因)”可知，文章表明重读像与老朋友相聚，虽书不变人会变，但重读有丰富且变革性的意义，接着阐述重读基于当下精神状态，还分享了自己每年重读的三本书，最后强调读者要通过重读更好理解书籍，这些都围绕着重读对个人成长的重要性展开。由此推知，D选项“Rereading Does Matter to Personal Growth(重读对个人成长很重要)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于秋天树叶变色的原因的新观点，即鲜艳的秋叶可能在树木的生命中扮演着重要的角色。
【解析】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For decades, textbooks claimed that autumn colors were just a byproduct of dying leaves. ‘I had always assumed that autumn leaves were waste baskets,’ said ecologist Dr. David Wilkinson. ‘That’s what I was told as a student.’(几十年来，教科书都声称秋天树叶的颜色只是树叶凋零的副产品。生态学家大卫 威尔金森博士说：“我一直以为秋天的树叶就像垃圾桶。我上学的时候就是这么被告知的。”)”可知，威尔金森博士表达的是过去一直以来人们普遍接受的观点。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dr. William Hamilton, from Oxford University, proposed that bright autumn leaves contain a message: they warn insects to leave them alone.(牛津大学的威廉·汉密尔顿博士提出，鲜艳的秋叶包含了一个信息：它们警告昆虫不要靠近)”以及第三段中“Dr. Hamilton assumed that trees with strong defenses might be able to protect themselves even further by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs. By producing brilliant autumn colors, the trees advertised their deadliness.(汉密尔顿博士认为，防御能力强的树木可能能够通过让产卵昆虫知道它们的卵将面临什么，从而进一步保护自己。通过产生鲜艳的秋色，树木宣传了它们的致命性)”可知，汉密尔顿博士认为鲜艳的秋叶的功能是保护树木免受昆虫的伤害。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The leaf-signal theory has drawn criticism, most recently from Dr. William Hoch at the University of Wisconsin, who argues that bright leaves appear on trees that have no insects to warn off.(树叶信号理论受到了批评，最近来自威斯康星大学的威廉 霍克博士就提出了质疑，他认为在没有昆虫需要警告的树上也会出现鲜艳的树叶)”以及““You may have a few instances where insects have some sort of relationship to color changes,” Dr. Hoch said, “but it’s almost certainly not a broad-based explanation. It doesn’t hold any water.”(霍克博士说：“在某些情况下，昆虫可能与颜色变化有某种关系，但这几乎肯定不是一个广泛的解释。它没有任何依据。”)”可知，鲜艳树叶和警告昆虫之间缺乏必然联系，这是霍克博士批评树叶信号理论的证据。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“But in recent years, scientists have recognized that autumn colors probably play an important role in the life of many trees.(但近年来，科学家们已经认识到，秋天的颜色可能在许多树木的生命中扮演着重要的角色)”以及文章主要介绍的关于秋天树叶变色的新观点可知，文章中汉密尔顿博士认为秋天鲜艳树叶警告昆虫从而保护树木，霍克博士认为树叶颜色充当防晒霜保护树叶，总体来看都是在阐述秋天树叶的颜色对树木起到保护作用。选项D项“Those brilliant fall outfits may be saving trees.(那些灿烂的秋天装扮可能正在拯救树木)”准确概括了文章主旨。故选D项。
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．B 15．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学神经科学家David Eagleman关于梦的新理论——梦是大脑抵抗其他感官接管的方式，快速眼动睡眠对于执行这种防御是必要的，大脑的可塑性和快速眼动睡眠是相互关联的。
【解析】12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“David Eagleman, a neuroscientist at Stanford University, suggests another theory. It takes into account that the human brain has an ability called neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) - certain areas are able to take on new tasks. He argues the brain distributes its resources by ‘carrying out a do-or-die competition’ for brain territory where sensory areas ‘gain or lose neural territory when inputs slow, stop or shift’. (斯坦福大学的神经学家David Eagleman提出了另一种理论。它考虑到人类大脑有一种被称为神经可塑性的能力——某些区域能够承担新的任务。他认为，大脑通过“一场你死我活的竞争”来分配资源，当输入变慢、停止或转移时，感觉区域会“获得或失去神经区域”。)”可知，Eagleman提出了人类大脑有一种被称为神经可塑性的能力，即能够承担新的任务。然后通过举例“For example, people who lose sight or hearing show heightened sensitivity in the remaining senses (例如，失去视力或听力的人在其余感官上表现出更高的敏感性)”来说明大脑在资源分配过程中，当某一感官输入信息改变时，其他感官能够进行调整，展示了大脑具有高度的可塑性和适应性。故选A项。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Activity of these neurons, for one, paralyze motor nerves, hampering the sleeper’s acting out what is happening in the dream. (一方面，这些神经元的活动会使运动神经麻痹，hampering睡眠者将梦中发生的事情付诸行动。)” 中“paralyze motor nerves”可推知，运动神经麻痹就会“阻止”睡眠者把梦中的行为表现出来 ，所以hampering意思是“阻止”，与Preventing同义。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Eagleman argues that the more plastic the brain is, the more necessary REM sleep is for performing a defense. For babies to develop properly, they must sleep a lot, spending almost 50 percent of their time in REM sleep. But as people age, their brains become less flexible. At the same time, adults spend less time on REM sleep. (伊格曼认为，大脑的可塑性越强，快速眼动睡眠对于进行防御就越有必要。为了让婴儿正常发育，他们必须大量睡眠，几乎 50% 的时间都处于快速眼动睡眠状态。但随着人们年龄的增长，他们的大脑变得不那么灵活。与此同时，成年人在快速眼动睡眠上花费的时间更少。)” 可知，大脑可塑性和快速眼动睡眠之间存在关联，大脑可塑性越强，快速眼动睡眠越必要。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, some dream researchers have different views. They think although the blind mole rat does not see, it still experiences REM sleep. (然而，一些梦境研究者有不同的看法。他们认为，尽管鼹鼠看不见，但它仍然会经历快速眼动睡眠。)”可知，一些梦境研究者发现尽管鼹鼠看不见，但它们仍然会经历快速眼动睡眠，这与Eagleman的理论相矛盾。由此推知，一些梦境研究者认为Eagleman的理论缺乏可信度。故选A项。
【答案】16．D 17．C 18．F 19．A 20．E
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者驾驶电动汽车沿着加州1号公路进行公路旅行的经历，包括对驾驶电动汽车的适应过程、对电池续航的担忧以及此次旅行带来的环保感受等。
【解析】16．上文“The California road trip down Highway 1 is iconic.(加州沿着1号公路的公路旅行非常经典)”表明这条路线很有名。D选项“Almost everyone knows about that route.(几乎每个人都知道那条路线)”与上文衔接紧密，进一步强调了该路线的知名度高。故选D项。
17．下文“However, it took me less than 30 minutes to adjust to all these things.(然而，我花了不到30分钟就适应了所有这些事情)”提到作者很快适应了电动汽车，与C选项“I’m not the fastest guy with electronics.(我在使用电子设备方面不是学得最快的人)”构成转折关系，句中“not the fastest guy”与“less than 30 minutes”形成对比。故选C项。
18．上文“My biggest concern at the beginning of this EV road trip was running out of battery life in the middle of nowhere.(这次电动汽车公路旅行开始时，我最大的担忧是在荒郊野外没电了)”以及下文“I had no idea how advanced the infrastructure for EVs would be on my route.(我不知道我路线上的电动汽车基础设施会有多先进)”说明作者之前没有驾驶过环保电动汽车，所以才会有这样的担忧和不确定。F选项“I had never driven an eco-friendly car before.(我以前从未开过环保汽车)”符合上下文语境。故选F项。
19．上文“When I picked up the car, it said I could go more than 250 miles on one charge.(我取车时，显示一次充电可以行驶250多英里)”提出电车的理论续航，A选项“I never tested that on the trip.(我在旅途中从未测试过这个续航里程)”承接上文，说明作者虽然知道理论续航，但在实际旅行中没有去验证，句中“that”指代上文中“more than 250 miles on one charge”。故选A项。
20．上文“Not that EVs don’t pollute at all, but it was a good feeling to not be doing the opposite of what I should do in that beautiful landscape. You’ve got a silent car, you don’t disturb the animals, and you don’t pollute the air.(并不是说电动汽车完全不污染，但在那美丽的风景中，不做与环保相悖的事感觉很好。汽车很安静，不会惊扰动物，也不会污染空气)”强调了电动汽车的环保优势。E选项“It’s a lot more eco-friendly than a normal car.(它比普通汽车环保得多)”总结了前文内容，进一步突出了电动汽车的环保特性。故选E项。
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述一位即将退休的木匠在雇主的请求下建造最后一座房子，却因失去工作热情而敷衍了事，结果发现这座房子是雇主送给他的礼物的故事，启示我们：我们是自己生活的建造者，每天的行动和选择都塑造着我们的未来。
【解析】21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告知他的雇主承包商，他打算离开房屋建造行业，和妻子过上更悠闲的生活，享受他的大家庭。A. reminded提醒；B. informed告知；C. warned警告；D. accused指责。根据后文“his intentions to leave the house-building business”可知，木匠把他的打算告知了雇主。故选B项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. flexible灵活的；B. fulfilling令人满意的；C. leisurely悠闲的；D. hurried匆忙的。根据前文“An elderly carpenter was ready to retire”后文“enjoy his extended family”可知，木匠想退休后和妻子过更悠闲的生活。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会想念每周的薪水，但他也承认没有薪水他们也能勉强过活。A. earn赚得；B. demand要求；C. count数；D. miss想念。根据前文“An elderly carpenter was ready to retire.”和“leave the house-building business”可知，木匠要退休离职了，也就没有了每周的薪水，所以他会想念每周的薪水。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. get by勉强过活；B. carry on继续；C. fit in适应；D. pass by经过。根据前文可知，木匠要退休离职了，也就没有了每周的薪水，句中“but”表示转折，虽然每周没有了薪水，但木匠认为他们也能过得去。故选A项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：承包商很难过失去了一位能干的工人，于是请他作为个人帮忙，再建最后一座房子。A. talkative健谈的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. friendly友好的；D. competent能干的。根据前文“sad to lose”可知，木匠很能干，所以承包商觉得不舍。故选D项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. idea想法；B. achievement成就；C. favor帮忙；D. plan计划。根据前文“asked him to build one last house”可推知，雇主请求木匠再建最后一座房子，这是作为个人帮忙。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：木匠同意了，但失去了工作热情，转而使用拙劣的手艺和劣质的材料。A. workmanship手艺；B. reputation名声；C. communication交流；D. leadership领导。根据前文“lost enthusiasm for his work”和后文“he would have done it all so differently”可知，木匠失去了工作热情，所以使用拙劣的手艺。故选A项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是结束一个卓越职业生涯的不幸方式。A. crazy疯狂的；B. short短的；C. remarkable卓越的；D. ordinary普通的。根据第一段中“An elderly carpenter”和“The contractor, sad to lose”可推知，木匠原本是经验丰富，能干的工人，有着卓越的职业生涯。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：木匠完工后，雇主来检查房子。A. admire欣赏；B. inspect检查；C. decorate装饰；D. paint粉刷。根据前文“the carpenter finished his work”和“his employer came”可推知，房子建好了，雇主来检查房子。故选B项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他把前门的钥匙交给木匠，说：“这是你的房子……我送给你的礼物。”A. lock锁；B. handle把手；C. document文件；D. key钥匙。根据后文“This is your house…my gift to you.”可知，雇主把房子送给了木匠，所以把前门的钥匙交给木匠。故选D项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：真遗憾！如果他早知道自己在建自己的房子，他会做得完全不同。A. shame遗憾；B. coincidence巧合；C. relief宽慰；D. mess杂乱。根据后文“If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently.”可知，木匠如果早知道自己在建自己的房子，他会做得完全不同，所以感到遗憾。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事反映了我们的生活。A. guides指导；B. mirrors反映；C. inspires激励；D. changes改变。根据后文“We 13 our futures daily, often without putting in our best effort.”可知，作者是通过这个故事来反映生活中的道理。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每天都在建造我们的未来，但往往没有尽全力。A. imagine想象；B. enjoy享受；C. construct建造；D. consider考虑。结合前文木匠建房的故事可知，我们像木匠一样，每天都在建造着自己未来的房子，但没有尽全力。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我们无法重来，我们应该记住：我们是自己生活的木匠。A. owners主人；B. carpenters木匠；C. passengers乘客；D. observers观察者。根据前文故事，把生活比作建房，我们就如同建房的木匠。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一天，我们的行动和选择都塑造着我们的未来。A. shape塑造；B. predict预测；C. record记录；D. show展示。根据前文“ we must live in the houses we’ve built”可知，我要生活在自己建造的“房子”里，所以我们的行动和选择塑造了我们自己的未来。故选A项。
【答案】
36．the 37．is composed 38．or 39．of 40．providing 41．which 42．equipped 43．to be rescued 44．thoroughly 45．analysis
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了上个月末在韩国西南部机场坠毁的一架客机的黑匣子在最后四分钟失灵，介绍了黑匣子的构成及作用，还描述了此次飞机坠毁事故的相关情况。
【解析】36．考查冠词。句意：黑匣子大小约一个鞋盒，实际上由两部分组成：飞行数据记录器(FDR)和驾驶舱语音记录器(CVR)。名词size后有介词短语“of a shoebox”作后置定语，表示“鞋盒的大小”，特指，用定冠词the限定；the size of...“……的大小”。故填the。
37．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：黑匣子大小约一个鞋盒，实际上由两部分组成：飞行数据记录器(FDR)和驾驶舱语音记录器(CVR)。compose(组成)是谓语动词，与主语a black box之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is composed。
38．考查连词。句意：记录的数据帮助调查人员查明是机械故障、人为失误还是其他原因导致了坠机事故。根据句意，这里是在列举导致坠机的不同原因，“mechanical fault, human error”与“something else”之间是选择关系，应用连词or连接。故填or。
39．考查介词。句意：交通部航空铁路事故调查委员会计划查明数据未存储的原因。表示“……的原因”，短语为the cause of...，介词of构成所有格。故填of。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：航向信标台是仪表着陆系统的一部分，为飞机提供跑道中心线引导。“(provide) aircraft with runway centerline guidance”作后置定语，provide(提供)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“a part of the instrument landing system”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填providing。
41．考查定语从句。句意：2024年12月29日，一架从曼谷搭载181人的济州航空客机在木浦国际机场着陆时起落架未放下，滑出跑道，撞上了跑道尽头配备航向信标台的混凝土土堆。“____ carried 181 people from Bangkok”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a Jeju Air passenger jet”，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：2024年12月29日，一架从曼谷搭载181人的济州航空客机在木浦国际机场着陆时起落架未放下，滑出跑道，撞上了跑道尽头配备航向信标台的混凝土土堆。“(equip) with the localizer”作后置定语，equip(配备)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a concrete mound之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填equipped。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：正是因为两名机组人员坐在飞机尾部并系好了安全带，他们才得以获救。“be able to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，且rescue(营救)与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动式to be rescued表被动。故填to be rescued。
44．考查副词。句意：该部表示，他们发誓要通过对各种数据的分析，彻底调查这起事故，以查明事件的真相。修饰动词investigate，应用副词thoroughly作状语，意为“彻底地”。故填thoroughly。
45．考查名词。句意：该部表示，他们发誓要通过对各种数据的分析，彻底调查这起事故，以查明事件的真相。提示词作介词宾语，用名词analysis，意为“分析”，冠词an后接可数名词单数。故填analysis。
46．【答案】Dear David,
I hope this email finds you well. I know you’re confused about the low satisfaction in the teaching evaluation. In my view, it doesn’t mean your teaching is bad, but perhaps students had high expectations.
Here are some suggestions. First, vary your teaching methods. For example, use more group discussions to increase student participation. Second, offer more timely feedback on students’ work. This can help us improve and feel more involved.
I’m sure these changes will make a difference. Looking forward to your wonderful classes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于建议信。要求考生就外教David在上学期期末学生评教调查中满意度不太理想的情况，给出自己的看法，并提出至少两点建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
困惑：confused → puzzled
期望：expectation → anticipation
建议：suggestion → proposal/advice
参与：participation → involvement/engagement
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Here are some suggestions. First, vary your teaching methods.
拓展句：Here are some suggestions, the first of which is to vary your teaching methods.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I know you’re confused about the low satisfaction in the teaching evaluation. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] In my view, it doesn’t mean your teaching is bad, but perhaps students had high expectations. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3] For example, use more group discussions to increase student participation. (运用了动词不定式作目的状语)
47．【答案】
Soon I created my website .On the website I launched a rubbish removal campaign.I described my purpose—calling on volunteers to pick up rubbish.I posted pictures of rubbish littered about on the website，which could not only illustrate the severe situation but also show that a large number of volunteers were in great need.Besides，I shared the story of Vest Lady who influenced me so much.Surprisingly，my website gradually became a big hit on the Internet.
More and more people put on vests with their own names.Volunteers could be seen picking up rubbish in their spare time.The yellow vests made beautiful scenery in the park or on the street.With our joint efforts，the environment became better and better.What delighted me most was that people’s awareness of environmental protection was improved.The rubbish removal campaign was a big success.Thanks to Vest Lady who rooted the sense of environmental protection in my mind，more people became Vest Lady.
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一、阅读理解（本大题共5小题）
The Kidproof Babysitter Training Program
Attention, boys and girls — want to have fun and make money, too Want to be independent and have your own small business Then our babysitting class is for you! This babysitting class is for students 13-19 years of age who want to learn how to safely babysit infants (婴儿) and young children.
This class requires a minimum number of four students to run. Participants will be informed 48 hours before the scheduled class, should it be canceled and issued a full refund (退款). Those arriving more than 10 minutes late will not be issued a refund. It is important to note that being able to focus, listen and participate is necessary to be successful in this class. If you fail to follow the instructions, your parents will be asked to collect you and a refund will not be provided.
Dates Courses Spaces Prices
August 11, 2025 CPR (心肺复苏术) for Child and Infant, Care of Choking for Child and Infant, Injury/First Aid/Hands-on Practice 9 Openings Remaining $30.00 (Members only) $35.00 (Non-members)
August 18, 2025 Fun Games & Child Care, Feeding/Nurturing 7 Openings Remaining
August 25, 2025 Child Behavior and Communication, Babysitting as a Business 15 Openings Remaining
No refunds within 72 hours of a course date, but we will transfer (转移) you into another course within one month for no additional fee. After one month, you must re-register and pay the full fee again. Tickets can also be transferred to someone else before the class date. Besides, bring a pen and wear comfortable clothes for the first-aid component of the course, as well as a bagged lunch and water bottle.
1．What do we know about the program
A．It is intended for teenagers.
B．It teaches students self-care skills.
C．Parents are required to be present.
D．Free meals will be provided after class.
2．What will students learn on August 18, 2025
A．Injury & First Aid.
B．CPR for Child and Infant.
C．Fun Games & Child Care.
D．Care of Choking for Child and/Infant.
3．What should students do if they fail to attend the class
A．Demand a refund within one week.
B．Transfer their ticket to others after class.
C．Re-register for the same class 72 hours later.
D．Sign up for another course within one month.
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity, but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book ís Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, as if a bottle of wine remaining more and more mellow as time flows.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that have to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
4．What does the author imply in the first paragraph
A．Drinking with old friends is quite beneficial.
B．Either books or us are changeable along with time.
C．It is recommended to read one book over and over again.
D．Rereading requires a large amount of time and money.
5．What do you know about Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
6．How do you understand “rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them” in the last paragraph
A．Rereading can help readers pay their debts.
B．Rereading will bring satisfaction to authors.
C．The more one reads, the richer he will be.
D．Readers should pay money to reread books.
7．What is the best title for the passage
A．Three Masterpieces I Reread Annually
B．Effective Approaches to Rereading Books
C．Author and Reader Pull Their Own Weight
D．Rereading Does Matter to Personal Growth
As trees turn gold and red in autumn, scientists are debating exactly what those colors are for. For decades, textbooks claimed that autumn colors were just a byproduct of dying leaves. “I had always assumed that autumn leaves were waste baskets,” said ecologist Dr. David Wilkinson. “That’s what I was told as a student.” But in recent years, scientists have recognized that autumn colors probably play an important role in the life of many trees.
Dr. William Hamilton, from Oxford University, proposed that bright autumn leaves contain a message: they warn insects to leave them alone. In the fall, insects choose trees where they will lay their eggs. Then the next spring, the baby insects feed on the tree, often with damaging results. A tree can discourage these insects with poisons.
Dr. Hamilton assumed that trees with strong defenses might be able to protect themselves even further by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs. By producing brilliant autumn colors, the trees advertised their deadliness. As insects evolved to avoid the brightest leaves, natural selection favored trees that could become even brighter.
The leaf-signal theory has drawn criticism, most recently from Dr. William Hoch at the University of Wisconsin, who argues that bright leaves appear on trees that have no insects to warn off. His recent work suggests that fall colors serve mainly as a sunscreen. Autumn leaves cannot capture all the sunlight striking them, and the leftover energy can build up in the leaf and cause damage to its tissue. Anthocyanins (花青素) that produce red and orange colors appear to protect autumn leaves by blocking some of the sunlight. “You may have a few instances where insects have some sort of relationship to color changes,” Dr. Hoch said, “but it’s almost certainly not a broad-based explanation. It doesn’t hold any water.”
These arguments have not swayed Dr. Hamilton’s supporters, who argue that the leaf-signal theory is still worth investigating. But both sides agree that the debate has been useful, because it has given them deeper admiration for this time of year.
8．What did Dr. Wilkinson present about autumn leaves
A．A new discovery.
B．A wide-ranging debate.
C．A commonly-held view.
D．A theoretical assumption.
9．What is the function of bright autumn leaves according to Dr. Hamilton
A．To attract certain insects.
B．To prevent trees from harm.
C．To store nutrients for the future.
D．To maintain ecological balance.
10．Which of the following is TRUE according to the last two paragraphs
A．Dr. Hamilton’s supporters ignore Dr. Hoch’s criticism completely.
B．Dr. Hoch’s work rules out other functions of fall colors except as a sunscreen.
C．Both sides of the debate have had a better understanding of the functions of colors.
D．The lack of a connection between bright leaves and insect warning is evidence for Dr. Hoch’s criticism.
11．What is the main idea of the text
A．The sun’s hot touch can burn tree leaves.
B．Mother nature favors the most colorful leaves.
C．Autumn leaves are just nature’s waste baskets.
D．Those brilliant fall outfits may be saving trees.
Dreams have fascinated people for years, yet we struggle to understand their purpose. Some theories suggest dreams help us deal with emotions, solve problems or manage hidden desires. Others suggest they clean up brain waste or make memories stronger.
David Eagleman, a neuroscientist at Stanford University, suggests another theory. It takes into account that the human brain has an ability called neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) - certain areas are able to take on new tasks. He argues the brain distributes its resources by “carrying out a do-or-die competition” for brain territory where sensory areas “gain or lose neural territory when inputs slow, stop or shift”. “For example, people who lose sight or hearing show heightened sensitivity in the remaining senses,” says Eagleman.
When we sleep, we can smell, hear and feel, but visual information is absent - except during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. About 90 minutes after falling sleep, we enter REM sleep. It begins when neurons in your brain stem signal the beginning of two important tasks. Activity of these neurons, for one, paralyze motor nerves, hampering the sleeper’s acting out what is happening in the dream. Also, they send messages directly to the visual cortex (皮层), which starts the dreaming process. As long as the neurons in the visual cortex are actively performing their job, they won’t be taken over by nearby neurons that process other sensory information. Dreams are the brain’s way of fighting the takeover from other senses.
Eagleman argues that the more plastic the brain is, the more necessary REM sleep is for performing a defense. For babies to develop properly, they must sleep a lot, spending almost 50 percent of their time in REM sleep. But as people age, their brains become less flexible. At the same time, adults spend less time on REM sleep.
Deirdre Leigh Barrett, a psychologist at Harvard University, says, “Eagleman’s theory is very convincing.” However, some dream researchers have different views. They think although the blind mole rat does not see, it still experiences REM sleep. Yet some evolutionary adaptations are features that were useful in the past but have become less significant as animals have evolved. So perhaps there was no pressure for blind mole rats to lose REM activity as they evolved without vision.
12．Why does Eagleman mention the example in paragraph 2
A．To show the brain is highly adaptive.
B．To prove the neurons can repair themselves.
C．To explain the significance of the five senses.
D．To illustrate the unevenness of the brain resource.
13．What does the underlined word “hampering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Conducting. B．Preventing. C．Spotting. D．Stimulating.
14．What can be inferred from Eagleman’s statements in paragraph 4
A．Brain plasticity increases as people get older.
B．REM sleep and brain plasticity are interrelated.
C．Adults need more sleep to keep fit than babies.
D．People’s aging process has little effect on REM sleep.
15．What do some dream researchers think of Eagleman’s theory
A．It lacks credibility.
B．Its theoretical basis is novel.
C．Its application is limited.
D．It agrees with evolutionary laws.
The California road trip down Highway 1 is iconic. 16 It’s a dream trip for people who like to drive cars. So when I was offered the opportunity to do that trip in an electric vehicle (EV) — sort of reimagining that classic road trip without contributing to climate change — I decided to give it a try.
I picked up my electric car, a Tesla, at San Francisco International Airport. I was worried that it would have a steep learning curve, but it was really like any other car. 17 However, it took me less than 30 minutes to adjust to all these things. The ride itself was smooth, and it felt the same as driving a traditional car. It had so much power and that surprised me. It can go very fast, very quickly, even on the steep hills the region is known for.
My biggest concern at the beginning of this EV road trip was running out of battery life in the middle of nowhere. 18 I had no idea how advanced the infrastructure for EVs would be on my route. Before I left, I just checked Google Maps for charging stations and a couple of forums to make sure an all-EV road trip was possible, at least in theory.
When I picked up the car, it said I could go more than 250 miles on one charge. 19 I’d also heard that some electric cars use a lot of electricity if you turn on the heat, but I never turned on the heat because it was the perfect temperature during my trip.
Beyond the ease and convenience of ecotourism, it felt good to be driving an EV in this area too. Not that EVs don’t pollute at all, but it was a good feeling to not be doing the opposite of what I should do in that beautiful landscape. You’ve got a silent car, you don’t disturb the animals, and you don’t pollute the air. 20 .
A．I never tested that on the trip.
B．I didn’t like eco-friendly cars at all.
C．I’m not the fastest guy with electronics.
D．Almost everyone knows about that route.
E．It’s a lot more eco-friendly than a normal car.
F．I had never driven an eco-friendly car before.
G．The route is well-known for its rough conditions.
二、完形填空（本大题共1小题）
An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He 21 his employer-contractor of his intentions to leave the house-building business to live a more 22 life with his wife and enjoy his extended family. He would 23 the paycheck each week, but he acknowledged that they could 24 without it. The contractor, sad to lose a(n) 25 worker, asked him to build one last house as a personal 26 .
The carpenter agreed but lost enthusiasm for his work, turning to poor 27 and inferior materials. It was an unfortunate way to end a(n) 28 career.
When the carpenter finished his work, his employer came to 29 the house. Then he handed the front-door 30 to the carpenter and said, “This is your house…my gift to you.” Shocked, the carpenter realized he had built his own future home carelessly.
What a 31 ! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently.
This story 32 our lives. We 33 our futures daily, often without putting in our best effort. Later, we’re terrified to find we must live in the houses we’ve built. Knowing we can’t redo the past, we should remember: we are the 34 of our lives. Each day, our actions and choices 35 our future. As someone said, “Life is a do-it-yourself project.” Build wisely, starting today.
21．A．reminded B．informed C．warned D．accused
22．A．flexible B．fulfilling C．leisurely D．hurried
23．A．earn B．demand C．count D．miss
24．A．get by B．carry on C．fit in D．pass by
25．A．talkative B．energetic C．friendly D．competent
26．A．idea B．achievement C．favor D．plan
27．A．workmanship B．reputation C．communication D．leadership
28．A．crazy B．short C．remarkable D．ordinary
29．A．admire B．inspect C．decorate D．paint
30．A．lock B．handle C．document D．key
31．A．shame B．coincidence C．relief D．mess
32．A．guides B．mirrors C．inspires D．changes
33．A．imagine B．enjoy C．construct D．consider
34．A．owners B．carpenters C．passengers D．observers
35．A．shape B．predict C．record D．show
三、语法填空（本大题共1小题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The black box of a passenger jet that crashed in South Korea’s southwestern airport late last month failed to work for the last four minutes.
About 36 size of a shoebox, a black box actually 37 (compose) of two parts: a flight data recorder (FDR) and a cockpit voice recorder (CVR). The recorded data help investigators work out whether a mechanical fault, human error 38 something else caused the crash.
The ministry’s aviation railway accident investigation committee planned to identify the cause 39 the data not being stored. The localizer (航向信标台) refers to a part of the instrument landing system 40 (provide) aircraft with runway centerline guidance.
On Dec. 29, 2024, a Jeju Air passenger jet, 41 carried 181 people from Bangkok, landed without heels, skidded off the runway and hit a concrete mound (土堆) 42 (equip) with the localizer at the end of the runway at Muan International Airport.
The accident killed 179 people aboard the aircraft, with only 2 surviving. It was precisely because the two crew members were sitting in the tail of the plane and fastening their seat-belts that they were able 43 (rescue). Four minutes before the accident happened, the plane’s captain shouted a Mayday (无线电求救信号) and announced the return to the airport.
The ministry said that they swore to 44 (thorough) investigate the accident through an 45 (analyze) of various data to get to the bottom of the incident.
四、书信写作（本大题共1小题）
46．假定你是李华，外教David在上学期期末学生的评教调查里，满意度不太理想，这让他十分困惑。新学期伊始，他向同学们征求意见。请你给David写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.你的看法；
2.你的建议(至少两点)。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
I hope this email finds you well.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
五、书面表达（本大题共1小题）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One morning on my way to school，I noticed an elderly woman dressed in a yellow vest(马甲) carrying a garbage bag and one of those rubbish claws(爪形器具)．“What’s that lady doing？” I asked Mum.“Vest Lady.She just picks up rubbish around here for fun，” Mum said.“Why would someone think picking up rubbish looking like a construction worker is fun？” I puzzled.
For several years I’d witness this mysterious Vest Lady—rain or shine—on my way to school.I had thought she was crazy for picking up rubbish.Eventually I smiled and waved at her each time I saw her.Later，I moved to high school.The time I saw rubbish here and there I felt really annoyed.Then I’d think，“Why isn’t anyone picking up this rubbish People are so inconsiderate！” However，shortly after，I realized picking up the rubbish was not someone else’s problem.
Now I couldn’t walk past litter without feeling guilty.I volunteered to clean up rubbish around our school.Strange as it might sound，picking up litter was kind of a thrill for me! In fact，I was so determined that for my 17th birthday I bought myself a rubbish claw，reusable gloves and a reflective safety yellow vest with my own name on it.
During my first attempt in my stylish equipment，I met with unfriendly looks from others as if I were a criminal doing community service.One day，I had an epiphany(顿悟)：“I’m acting just like Vest Lady！”
But there was too much rubbish around，cigarette ends littered about，cans rolling on the street，pieces of paper hidden in the grass and plastic.Myself alone was too weak！How would I get more volunteers involved in rubbish removal A smart idea flashed into my mind.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Soon I created my website .
More and more people put on vests with their own names.
参考答案
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为The Kidproof Babysitter Training Program的保姆培训课程的相关信息。
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This babysitting class is for students 13-19 years of age who want to learn how to safely babysit infants (婴儿) and young children.(这个保姆课程是为13-19岁的学生设计的，他们想学习如何安全地照顾婴儿和幼儿)”可知，这个课程是为青少年设计的。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据表格中“August 18, 2025”对应的“Fun Games & Child Care, Feeding/Nurturing(有趣的游戏和儿童护理，喂养/培育)”可知，在2025年8月18日，学生们将学习“有趣的游戏和儿童护理，喂养/养育”。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“No refunds within 72 hours of a course date, but we will transfer (转移) you into another course within one month for no additional fee.(在课程日期后的72小时内不退款，但我们将在一个月内将您转到另一门课程，不收取额外费用)”可知，课程开始前 72 小时内不退款，但可以在一个月内转到另一门课程，所以，如果学生不能参加课程，可以在 在一个月内报名另一门课程。故选D项。
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．B 7．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了重读书籍的意义以及作者自己重读书籍的体验。
【解析】4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但书不会变，人会变。这就是重读如此丰富和具有变革性的原因)”可推知，作者在第一段暗示重读一本书是值得推荐的。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.(第一本是我每年春天都要读的欧内斯特 海明威的《流动的盛宴》。该书出版于1964年，是他对20世纪20年代巴黎的经典回忆录。语言几乎令人陶醉，一个年老的作家回顾了一个雄心壮志但更单纯的年代)”可知，海明威的《流动的盛宴》是关于他年轻时的生活。故选B项。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.(但我想，虽然金钱确实是美好和必要的，但重读作者的作品是读者能支付给他们的最高货币。最好的书是那些随着时间推移能展现出更多内涵的书)”可知，重读是对作者最高的回馈，因为读者更好地理解了作者的作品和思想，这对作者来说是一种很高的认可和回报，故划线句可理解为“重读会给作者带来满足感”。故选B项。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但书不会变，人会变。这就是重读如此丰富和具有变革性的原因)”可知，文章表明重读像与老朋友相聚，虽书不变人会变，但重读有丰富且变革性的意义，接着阐述重读基于当下精神状态，还分享了自己每年重读的三本书，最后强调读者要通过重读更好理解书籍，这些都围绕着重读对个人成长的重要性展开。由此推知，D选项“Rereading Does Matter to Personal Growth(重读对个人成长很重要)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于秋天树叶变色的原因的新观点，即鲜艳的秋叶可能在树木的生命中扮演着重要的角色。
【解析】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“For decades, textbooks claimed that autumn colors were just a byproduct of dying leaves. ‘I had always assumed that autumn leaves were waste baskets,’ said ecologist Dr. David Wilkinson. ‘That’s what I was told as a student.’(几十年来，教科书都声称秋天树叶的颜色只是树叶凋零的副产品。生态学家大卫 威尔金森博士说：“我一直以为秋天的树叶就像垃圾桶。我上学的时候就是这么被告知的。”)”可知，威尔金森博士表达的是过去一直以来人们普遍接受的观点。故选C项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dr. William Hamilton, from Oxford University, proposed that bright autumn leaves contain a message: they warn insects to leave them alone.(牛津大学的威廉·汉密尔顿博士提出，鲜艳的秋叶包含了一个信息：它们警告昆虫不要靠近)”以及第三段中“Dr. Hamilton assumed that trees with strong defenses might be able to protect themselves even further by letting egg-laying insects know what was in store for their eggs. By producing brilliant autumn colors, the trees advertised their deadliness.(汉密尔顿博士认为，防御能力强的树木可能能够通过让产卵昆虫知道它们的卵将面临什么，从而进一步保护自己。通过产生鲜艳的秋色，树木宣传了它们的致命性)”可知，汉密尔顿博士认为鲜艳的秋叶的功能是保护树木免受昆虫的伤害。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The leaf-signal theory has drawn criticism, most recently from Dr. William Hoch at the University of Wisconsin, who argues that bright leaves appear on trees that have no insects to warn off.(树叶信号理论受到了批评，最近来自威斯康星大学的威廉 霍克博士就提出了质疑，他认为在没有昆虫需要警告的树上也会出现鲜艳的树叶)”以及““You may have a few instances where insects have some sort of relationship to color changes,” Dr. Hoch said, “but it’s almost certainly not a broad-based explanation. It doesn’t hold any water.”(霍克博士说：“在某些情况下，昆虫可能与颜色变化有某种关系，但这几乎肯定不是一个广泛的解释。它没有任何依据。”)”可知，鲜艳树叶和警告昆虫之间缺乏必然联系，这是霍克博士批评树叶信号理论的证据。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“But in recent years, scientists have recognized that autumn colors probably play an important role in the life of many trees.(但近年来，科学家们已经认识到，秋天的颜色可能在许多树木的生命中扮演着重要的角色)”以及文章主要介绍的关于秋天树叶变色的新观点可知，文章中汉密尔顿博士认为秋天鲜艳树叶警告昆虫从而保护树木，霍克博士认为树叶颜色充当防晒霜保护树叶，总体来看都是在阐述秋天树叶的颜色对树木起到保护作用。选项D项“Those brilliant fall outfits may be saving trees.(那些灿烂的秋天装扮可能正在拯救树木)”准确概括了文章主旨。故选D项。
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．B 15．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学神经科学家David Eagleman关于梦的新理论——梦是大脑抵抗其他感官接管的方式，快速眼动睡眠对于执行这种防御是必要的，大脑的可塑性和快速眼动睡眠是相互关联的。
【解析】12．推理判断题。根据第二段中“David Eagleman, a neuroscientist at Stanford University, suggests another theory. It takes into account that the human brain has an ability called neuroplasticity (神经可塑性) - certain areas are able to take on new tasks. He argues the brain distributes its resources by ‘carrying out a do-or-die competition’ for brain territory where sensory areas ‘gain or lose neural territory when inputs slow, stop or shift’. (斯坦福大学的神经学家David Eagleman提出了另一种理论。它考虑到人类大脑有一种被称为神经可塑性的能力——某些区域能够承担新的任务。他认为，大脑通过“一场你死我活的竞争”来分配资源，当输入变慢、停止或转移时，感觉区域会“获得或失去神经区域”。)”可知，Eagleman提出了人类大脑有一种被称为神经可塑性的能力，即能够承担新的任务。然后通过举例“For example, people who lose sight or hearing show heightened sensitivity in the remaining senses (例如，失去视力或听力的人在其余感官上表现出更高的敏感性)”来说明大脑在资源分配过程中，当某一感官输入信息改变时，其他感官能够进行调整，展示了大脑具有高度的可塑性和适应性。故选A项。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Activity of these neurons, for one, paralyze motor nerves, hampering the sleeper’s acting out what is happening in the dream. (一方面，这些神经元的活动会使运动神经麻痹，hampering睡眠者将梦中发生的事情付诸行动。)” 中“paralyze motor nerves”可推知，运动神经麻痹就会“阻止”睡眠者把梦中的行为表现出来 ，所以hampering意思是“阻止”，与Preventing同义。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段“Eagleman argues that the more plastic the brain is, the more necessary REM sleep is for performing a defense. For babies to develop properly, they must sleep a lot, spending almost 50 percent of their time in REM sleep. But as people age, their brains become less flexible. At the same time, adults spend less time on REM sleep. (伊格曼认为，大脑的可塑性越强，快速眼动睡眠对于进行防御就越有必要。为了让婴儿正常发育，他们必须大量睡眠，几乎 50% 的时间都处于快速眼动睡眠状态。但随着人们年龄的增长，他们的大脑变得不那么灵活。与此同时，成年人在快速眼动睡眠上花费的时间更少。)” 可知，大脑可塑性和快速眼动睡眠之间存在关联，大脑可塑性越强，快速眼动睡眠越必要。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, some dream researchers have different views. They think although the blind mole rat does not see, it still experiences REM sleep. (然而，一些梦境研究者有不同的看法。他们认为，尽管鼹鼠看不见，但它仍然会经历快速眼动睡眠。)”可知，一些梦境研究者发现尽管鼹鼠看不见，但它们仍然会经历快速眼动睡眠，这与Eagleman的理论相矛盾。由此推知，一些梦境研究者认为Eagleman的理论缺乏可信度。故选A项。
【答案】16．D 17．C 18．F 19．A 20．E
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者驾驶电动汽车沿着加州1号公路进行公路旅行的经历，包括对驾驶电动汽车的适应过程、对电池续航的担忧以及此次旅行带来的环保感受等。
【解析】16．上文“The California road trip down Highway 1 is iconic.(加州沿着1号公路的公路旅行非常经典)”表明这条路线很有名。D选项“Almost everyone knows about that route.(几乎每个人都知道那条路线)”与上文衔接紧密，进一步强调了该路线的知名度高。故选D项。
17．下文“However, it took me less than 30 minutes to adjust to all these things.(然而，我花了不到30分钟就适应了所有这些事情)”提到作者很快适应了电动汽车，与C选项“I’m not the fastest guy with electronics.(我在使用电子设备方面不是学得最快的人)”构成转折关系，句中“not the fastest guy”与“less than 30 minutes”形成对比。故选C项。
18．上文“My biggest concern at the beginning of this EV road trip was running out of battery life in the middle of nowhere.(这次电动汽车公路旅行开始时，我最大的担忧是在荒郊野外没电了)”以及下文“I had no idea how advanced the infrastructure for EVs would be on my route.(我不知道我路线上的电动汽车基础设施会有多先进)”说明作者之前没有驾驶过环保电动汽车，所以才会有这样的担忧和不确定。F选项“I had never driven an eco-friendly car before.(我以前从未开过环保汽车)”符合上下文语境。故选F项。
19．上文“When I picked up the car, it said I could go more than 250 miles on one charge.(我取车时，显示一次充电可以行驶250多英里)”提出电车的理论续航，A选项“I never tested that on the trip.(我在旅途中从未测试过这个续航里程)”承接上文，说明作者虽然知道理论续航，但在实际旅行中没有去验证，句中“that”指代上文中“more than 250 miles on one charge”。故选A项。
20．上文“Not that EVs don’t pollute at all, but it was a good feeling to not be doing the opposite of what I should do in that beautiful landscape. You’ve got a silent car, you don’t disturb the animals, and you don’t pollute the air.(并不是说电动汽车完全不污染，但在那美丽的风景中，不做与环保相悖的事感觉很好。汽车很安静，不会惊扰动物，也不会污染空气)”强调了电动汽车的环保优势。E选项“It’s a lot more eco-friendly than a normal car.(它比普通汽车环保得多)”总结了前文内容，进一步突出了电动汽车的环保特性。故选E项。
【答案】
21．B 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述一位即将退休的木匠在雇主的请求下建造最后一座房子，却因失去工作热情而敷衍了事，结果发现这座房子是雇主送给他的礼物的故事，启示我们：我们是自己生活的建造者，每天的行动和选择都塑造着我们的未来。
【解析】21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告知他的雇主承包商，他打算离开房屋建造行业，和妻子过上更悠闲的生活，享受他的大家庭。A. reminded提醒；B. informed告知；C. warned警告；D. accused指责。根据后文“his intentions to leave the house-building business”可知，木匠把他的打算告知了雇主。故选B项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. flexible灵活的；B. fulfilling令人满意的；C. leisurely悠闲的；D. hurried匆忙的。根据前文“An elderly carpenter was ready to retire”后文“enjoy his extended family”可知，木匠想退休后和妻子过更悠闲的生活。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会想念每周的薪水，但他也承认没有薪水他们也能勉强过活。A. earn赚得；B. demand要求；C. count数；D. miss想念。根据前文“An elderly carpenter was ready to retire.”和“leave the house-building business”可知，木匠要退休离职了，也就没有了每周的薪水，所以他会想念每周的薪水。故选D项。
24．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. get by勉强过活；B. carry on继续；C. fit in适应；D. pass by经过。根据前文可知，木匠要退休离职了，也就没有了每周的薪水，句中“but”表示转折，虽然每周没有了薪水，但木匠认为他们也能过得去。故选A项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：承包商很难过失去了一位能干的工人，于是请他作为个人帮忙，再建最后一座房子。A. talkative健谈的；B. energetic精力充沛的；C. friendly友好的；D. competent能干的。根据前文“sad to lose”可知，木匠很能干，所以承包商觉得不舍。故选D项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. idea想法；B. achievement成就；C. favor帮忙；D. plan计划。根据前文“asked him to build one last house”可推知，雇主请求木匠再建最后一座房子，这是作为个人帮忙。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：木匠同意了，但失去了工作热情，转而使用拙劣的手艺和劣质的材料。A. workmanship手艺；B. reputation名声；C. communication交流；D. leadership领导。根据前文“lost enthusiasm for his work”和后文“he would have done it all so differently”可知，木匠失去了工作热情，所以使用拙劣的手艺。故选A项。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是结束一个卓越职业生涯的不幸方式。A. crazy疯狂的；B. short短的；C. remarkable卓越的；D. ordinary普通的。根据第一段中“An elderly carpenter”和“The contractor, sad to lose”可推知，木匠原本是经验丰富，能干的工人，有着卓越的职业生涯。故选C项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：木匠完工后，雇主来检查房子。A. admire欣赏；B. inspect检查；C. decorate装饰；D. paint粉刷。根据前文“the carpenter finished his work”和“his employer came”可推知，房子建好了，雇主来检查房子。故选B项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他把前门的钥匙交给木匠，说：“这是你的房子……我送给你的礼物。”A. lock锁；B. handle把手；C. document文件；D. key钥匙。根据后文“This is your house…my gift to you.”可知，雇主把房子送给了木匠，所以把前门的钥匙交给木匠。故选D项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：真遗憾！如果他早知道自己在建自己的房子，他会做得完全不同。A. shame遗憾；B. coincidence巧合；C. relief宽慰；D. mess杂乱。根据后文“If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently.”可知，木匠如果早知道自己在建自己的房子，他会做得完全不同，所以感到遗憾。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个故事反映了我们的生活。A. guides指导；B. mirrors反映；C. inspires激励；D. changes改变。根据后文“We 13 our futures daily, often without putting in our best effort.”可知，作者是通过这个故事来反映生活中的道理。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每天都在建造我们的未来，但往往没有尽全力。A. imagine想象；B. enjoy享受；C. construct建造；D. consider考虑。结合前文木匠建房的故事可知，我们像木匠一样，每天都在建造着自己未来的房子，但没有尽全力。故选C项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我们无法重来，我们应该记住：我们是自己生活的木匠。A. owners主人；B. carpenters木匠；C. passengers乘客；D. observers观察者。根据前文故事，把生活比作建房，我们就如同建房的木匠。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一天，我们的行动和选择都塑造着我们的未来。A. shape塑造；B. predict预测；C. record记录；D. show展示。根据前文“ we must live in the houses we’ve built”可知，我要生活在自己建造的“房子”里，所以我们的行动和选择塑造了我们自己的未来。故选A项。
【答案】
36．the 37．is composed 38．or 39．of 40．providing 41．which 42．equipped 43．to be rescued 44．thoroughly 45．analysis
【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了上个月末在韩国西南部机场坠毁的一架客机的黑匣子在最后四分钟失灵，介绍了黑匣子的构成及作用，还描述了此次飞机坠毁事故的相关情况。
【解析】36．考查冠词。句意：黑匣子大小约一个鞋盒，实际上由两部分组成：飞行数据记录器(FDR)和驾驶舱语音记录器(CVR)。名词size后有介词短语“of a shoebox”作后置定语，表示“鞋盒的大小”，特指，用定冠词the限定；the size of...“……的大小”。故填the。
37．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：黑匣子大小约一个鞋盒，实际上由两部分组成：飞行数据记录器(FDR)和驾驶舱语音记录器(CVR)。compose(组成)是谓语动词，与主语a black box之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is composed。
38．考查连词。句意：记录的数据帮助调查人员查明是机械故障、人为失误还是其他原因导致了坠机事故。根据句意，这里是在列举导致坠机的不同原因，“mechanical fault, human error”与“something else”之间是选择关系，应用连词or连接。故填or。
39．考查介词。句意：交通部航空铁路事故调查委员会计划查明数据未存储的原因。表示“……的原因”，短语为the cause of...，介词of构成所有格。故填of。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：航向信标台是仪表着陆系统的一部分，为飞机提供跑道中心线引导。“(provide) aircraft with runway centerline guidance”作后置定语，provide(提供)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语“a part of the instrument landing system”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填providing。
41．考查定语从句。句意：2024年12月29日，一架从曼谷搭载181人的济州航空客机在木浦国际机场着陆时起落架未放下，滑出跑道，撞上了跑道尽头配备航向信标台的混凝土土堆。“____ carried 181 people from Bangkok”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“a Jeju Air passenger jet”，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：2024年12月29日，一架从曼谷搭载181人的济州航空客机在木浦国际机场着陆时起落架未放下，滑出跑道，撞上了跑道尽头配备航向信标台的混凝土土堆。“(equip) with the localizer”作后置定语，equip(配备)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a concrete mound之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填equipped。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：正是因为两名机组人员坐在飞机尾部并系好了安全带，他们才得以获救。“be able to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，且rescue(营救)与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动式to be rescued表被动。故填to be rescued。
44．考查副词。句意：该部表示，他们发誓要通过对各种数据的分析，彻底调查这起事故，以查明事件的真相。修饰动词investigate，应用副词thoroughly作状语，意为“彻底地”。故填thoroughly。
45．考查名词。句意：该部表示，他们发誓要通过对各种数据的分析，彻底调查这起事故，以查明事件的真相。提示词作介词宾语，用名词analysis，意为“分析”，冠词an后接可数名词单数。故填analysis。
46．【答案】Dear David,
I hope this email finds you well. I know you’re confused about the low satisfaction in the teaching evaluation. In my view, it doesn’t mean your teaching is bad, but perhaps students had high expectations.
Here are some suggestions. First, vary your teaching methods. For example, use more group discussions to increase student participation. Second, offer more timely feedback on students’ work. This can help us improve and feel more involved.
I’m sure these changes will make a difference. Looking forward to your wonderful classes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【分析】本篇书面表达属于建议信。要求考生就外教David在上学期期末学生评教调查中满意度不太理想的情况，给出自己的看法，并提出至少两点建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
困惑：confused → puzzled
期望：expectation → anticipation
建议：suggestion → proposal/advice
参与：participation → involvement/engagement
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Here are some suggestions. First, vary your teaching methods.
拓展句：Here are some suggestions, the first of which is to vary your teaching methods.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I know you’re confused about the low satisfaction in the teaching evaluation. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] In my view, it doesn’t mean your teaching is bad, but perhaps students had high expectations. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3] For example, use more group discussions to increase student participation. (运用了动词不定式作目的状语)
47．【答案】
Soon I created my website .On the website I launched a rubbish removal campaign.I described my purpose—calling on volunteers to pick up rubbish.I posted pictures of rubbish littered about on the website，which could not only illustrate the severe situation but also show that a large number of volunteers were in great need.Besides，I shared the story of Vest Lady who influenced me so much.Surprisingly，my website gradually became a big hit on the Internet.
More and more people put on vests with their own names.Volunteers could be seen picking up rubbish in their spare time.The yellow vests made beautiful scenery in the park or on the street.With our joint efforts，the environment became better and better.What delighted me most was that people’s awareness of environmental protection was improved.The rubbish removal campaign was a big success.Thanks to Vest Lady who rooted the sense of environmental protection in my mind，more people became Vest Lady.
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