模板09 语法填空有提示词-名词和数词
年份 卷别 题号
名词 数词
2024 新高考I卷 62 66 /
新高考II卷 62 /
2023 新高考I卷 / /
新高考II卷 61 /
2022 新高考I卷 61 /
新高考II卷 64 /
题型 真题示例
模板01 名词 【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 favorites (favourite); richness(rich) 【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】themes(theme); visibility (visible)
模板02 数词 seventies (seventy)
命题预测/考情揭秘 名词是语法填空的高频考点，经常考查名词的构成，名词的数以及名词的所有格。 数词考查分为两类：基数词和序数词。
技巧解读 一、名词 熟练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则，根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数； 明确形容词与名词、冠词与名词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分，确定名词的恰当形式。 要熟练掌握名词所有格的作用。 二、数词 识别基数词和序数词： 基数词用于表示数量，如“one”、“two”、“three”等。 序数词用于表示顺序，如“first”、“second”、“third”等。 注意数词的复数形式：基数词有复数形式，序数词在表示多个顺序时也有复数形式，如“first”、“seconds”、“thirds”等。 识别分数和百分比： 分数的表达形式为“基数词/序数词”，如“one-third”、“two-fifths”等。 百分比的表达形式为“基数词 + percent”，如“ten percent”、“fifty percent”等。 注意数词的固定搭配： 记住常见的数词短语和固定搭配，如“once a week”、“twice a month”等。
考点 模板答题
名词的功能 首先判断空格处的词语在句子中充当的成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可判定使用应名词；
名词的数 然后根据语境和语法规则判断名词应该是单数还是复数； 如果为可数名词，要考虑其单复数。如果名词前有“a”、“an”、“one”等修饰词，应填入单数形式；如果名词前有“some”、“many”、“several”、“a few”等修饰词，应填入复数形式；或者根据上下文意义。 如果名词不可数，通常没有复数形式，如“water”、“air”、“advice”等。此时，应使用“some”、“a little”、“much”等修饰词。 如果名词在句子中充当主语，根据谓语动词的形式判断其主语的单复数。如果谓语动词使用单数形式，做主语的名词使用单数形式；如果谓语动词使用复数形式，做主语的名词使用其复数形式。 记住常见的名词短语和固定搭配，如“make a decision”、“take a break”、“give advice”等。
名词的格 如果句子中表示所属关系，考虑使用名词的所有格形式。 有生命的单数名词或不以 s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加's，如 “the boy's book（男孩的书）”“children's toys（孩子们的玩具）”。 若名词是以 s 结尾的复数形式，只加 '，如 “the students' classroom（学生们的教室）”。
名词复数形式变化规则
场合 用法 示例
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys
以辅音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes
以元音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros
以元音字母+-o结尾的名词 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos
以-f,-fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves
以-f,-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes
单复数同形的名词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species
特殊记忆的名词 单独记忆 man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice
合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on
合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens
抽象名词具体化
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
名词的所有格
(1)－’s所有格 ①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 ②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格 指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。 a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
模板01 名词模版
（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
【答案】favorites。
【模板】根据模板名词的数1：如果为可数名词，要考虑其单复数，...根据上下文意义可知。
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
【答案】themes。
【模板】根据模板名词的数3：如果名词在句子中充当主语，根据谓语动词的形式判断其主语的单复数。如果谓语动词使用单数形式，做主语的名词使用单数形式；如果谓语动词使用复数形式，做主语的名词使用其复数形式。
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
【2024届江西省南昌市东湖区南昌市模拟】The oldest 12 (evident) of noodles was from 4,000 years ago in China.
【答案】evidence
【模板】根据模板名词的数2：如果名词不可数，通常没有复数形式。
【解析】考查名词。句意：面条最古老的证据来自4000年前的中国。本空用不可数名词evidence“证据”，作主语，且故填evidence 。
模板 02 数词模板
易错点 模板答题
基数词+序数词 整十序数词在基础词尾y变为ie, 再加-th：如twenty-twentieth第二十； 二、数词 1,识别基数词和序数词： 基数词用于表示数量，如“one”、“two”、“three”等。 序数词用于表示顺序，如“first”、“second”、“third”等。 注意易错序数词： first第一； second第二； third第三； 4-19的序数词由基数词后加-th构成：如fourth, fifteen; 特殊：eighth第八； ninth第九； twelfth第十二； 2，数词的复数形式：基数词有复数形式，序数词在表示多个顺序时也有复数形式，如“first”、“seconds”、“thirds”等。 3，分数和百分比： 分数的表达形式为“基数词/序数词”，如“one-third”、“two-fifths”等。 百分比的表达形式为“基数词 + percent”，如“ten percent”、“fifty percent”等。 4，数词的固定搭配： 记住常见的数词短语和固定搭配，如“once a week”、“twice a month”等。
分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母后加-s。如one fifth, three fourths。
As we can learn from the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) without a child.
【答案】thirties
【模板】序数词整十变换规律。
【解析】考查数词的用法。句意：我们从报纸上可以了解到，他们已经三十多岁了，没有孩子。“in one’s+基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，为固定搭配。故填thirties。
You’d better go home to see your parents (two) a week. They need more care.
【答案】twice
【模板】根据数词模板4，数词的固定搭配。
【详解】考查固定用法。句意：你最好每周回家看你父母两次。他们需要更多的照顾。twice意为“两次，两倍”，twice a week“一周两次”。故填twice。
Passage 1
【2024-2025学年湖南省雅礼中学高三上学期月考卷】China has made sustained efforts to battle against desertification over the years. From encouraging public participation to adopting policy measures, the country 1 (take) effective and practical steps to control desertification, 2 (transform) poor soil into forests and grasslands.
China appointed March 12 as National Tree Planting Day in 1979, and Chinese citizens 3 (voluntary) planted approximately 78.1 billion trees between 1982 and2021 across the vast country. The government has also launched various greening projects, targeting areas 4 deserts have threatened the local ecological environment and narrowed people’s living space.
The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TSFP), 5 large-scale afforestation project, is a good example. Launched in 1978 and scheduled 6 (complete) in 2050, it has effectively limited the 7 (expand) of desertification and become a “green Great Wall” preventing sandstorms. The project has been acknowledged 8 a successful example of global ecological governance.
In addition, China has actively conducted 9 (exchange) and cooperation with Belt and Road countries, and has established an international knowledge management center for desertification prevention and control. Moving forward, the world’s second-largest economy remains 10 (determine) to carve out an eco-friendly path for global green development.Passage 2
【2025届重庆市西南大学附属中学校高三上学期一诊模拟英语试题 】Just like in the West at Christmas time, as Chinese New Year approaches, homes, businesses, shopping centers, offices, shops, airports and train stations 1 (dress) in their holiday best. A sea of red and gold, bright lanterns and auspicious (吉祥的) plants and flowers are the hallmarks of the season, indicating the 2 (arrive) of the largest and most important festival of the year.
These are some of the traditional decorations used during the season 3 also carry some symbolic meanings.
BRIGHT RED LANTERNS: They are perhaps the most popular way 4 (add) that spark to the celebrations. You find them popping up everywhere around town, the temples, the stores, homes, parks... Chinese lanterns come 5 all sorts of shapes, sizes and colors, although for Chinese New Year, the traditional red and gold balloon lantern is one of the most popular ones. The red Chinese Lantern has become 6 symbol of Chinese culture. To Chinese, it represents vitality and prosperity, and you see them hanging year-round in Chinatowns around the world.
CHINESE KNOTS: Chinese Knots are put up during the holidays or given as good-luck charms to your loved ones. They protect people from evil spirits and particularly the “ 7 (end) knots” are a sign of an “eternal” life or longevity.
ANCIENT CHINESE COINS: Coins are of course associated with wealth and prosperity. 8 (traditional), you will see the ancient coin with the square hole in the middle used as decorative 9 (object). Also popular are charms with three coins 10 (tie) with red string for good luck.
Passage 3
【2024-2025学年江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考高三上学期12月月考英语试题】Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice of writing Chinese characters, often with a brush and ink on xuan paper. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy began alongside the earliest Chinese characters 1 (discover) to date-inscriptions (铭文) on bones from the Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan province. Later, calligraphy gradually 2 (take) shape as a form of art rather than a mere means of record. The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular, 3 (bear) from such calligraphy.
Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and 4 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush. It is said that the emotions and philosophy of the writer are 5 (direct) reflected on calligraphy. Lan Ting Xu (The Orchid Pavilion Preface), 6 was created by Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is one of the most famous 7 (work) of Chinese calligraphy. Its elegance and expressive brushwork made it of both historical and cultural 8 (significant) in Chinese literature. Calligraphy is also 9 reach. It is seen on the walls of offices, shops, hotels, and houses everywhere.
10 there is Chinese language, there is Chinese calligraphy. The art of Chinese calligraphy is still highly valued today, for it is more than just writing, it is a living heritage.
Passage 4
【2024-2025学年云南省开远市第一中学校（开远一中实验学校）高三上学期12月月考英语试题】Making water on the moon using lunar soil is a topic that attracts many scientists. The water content of the lunar soil is extremely low, ranging 1 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent. This makes extracting the water right there on the moon very difficult — but not 2 (possible).
In the lunar soil samples 3 (bring) back by the Chang’e 5 lunar probe in 2020, Chinese scientists found large 4 (amount) of hydrogen as a result of billions of years of 35 (expose) to solar winds. When subjected to high temperatures, the hydrogen reacts with the soil, generating elemental iron (单质铁) along with water. If the temperature goes above 1,000℃, the. soil will break down, 6 (release) the water as collectible vapor.
Through this method, “I ton of lunar soil can produce more than 50 kilograms of water, 7 is enough for 50 people to drink for one day.” Wang Junqiang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. According to 8 (he), the finding lays a foundation for China to proceed with its plan to build 9 international lunar research station. In 2035, a station with basic functions 10 (construct) near the moon’s south pole.
Passage 5
【2025届福建省宁德市部分达标学校高三上学期12月第二次联考（二模）英语试题】 Calligraphy’s roots can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It emerged 1 a form of written communication, where skilled artists used their mastery of ink and brushes 2 (create) visually amazing texts. In China, calligraphy was a respected art form 3 (associate) with intellect and spirituality. In medieval (中世纪的) Europe, beautifully written and decorated books 4 (see) as important parts of culture and religion. Through the ages, calligraphy developed across different cultures, each 5 (maintain) a unique style and set of techniques.
The advent (到来) of the printing press in the 15th century marked a turning point for calligraphy. With the mass production of printed materials, the demand for handwritten texts reduced. The 6 (industry) revolution further sped up this decline, as people accepted modern, mechanical means of communication.
While calligraphy experienced a decline, it never 7 (complete) disappeared. Passionate individuals, calligraphers, and academics kept studying and teaching it, so it lived on. However, it wasn’t until the latter half of the 20th century 8 calligraphy truly began to experience a revival.
One of the significant 9 (driver) of the revival was the desire for a return to handmade and authentic art forms. In a world filled with mass-produced goods and digital communication, people sought a way to reconnect with the personal aspects of art. Calligraphy provided 10 approach for this reconnection.
Passage 6
【2024-2025学年山东省青岛第二中学高三上学期12月月考英语试题】In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 1 the challenge of creating green space in cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 2 (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding 3 touch of nature to urban environments.
Rooftop farming, also 4 (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend it’s a step, towards environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation provide help 5 (absorb) sunlight and release moisture, cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning, which in turn lessens energy 6 (consume) and carbon emission . Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 7 (teach) city dwellers about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of locally sourced food.
As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement 8 promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce . When we look towards a future 9 environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food — we cultivate hope for a 10 ( green) and more sustainable world.
Passage 7
【2024-2025学年广西南宁二中、柳铁一中高三上学期12月联合调研测试英语试题】After a three-year hiatus (断更), renowned Chinese video influencer Li Ziqi restarted posting online two new videos on Tuesday afternoon. The videos 1 (share) by her across social media platforms, including Douyin, Sina Weibo, and YouTube.
One newly uploaded video showed 2 she turned a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom (衣帽间)， 3 the other showcased her craft using the intangible cultural heritage Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques. Within five and a half hours after its release, the video of the lacquerware has gained 100million views on Sina Weibo, with 4 total of 1.6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. Since then, many netizens 5 (flood) the comment area with messages of support and expressed how much they missed her content. A fan on YouTube commented, “I really missed your videos, you and your grandmother. Whenever I watch your videos, I feel 6 (relax), ” echoing the sentiments of many of her followers.
Li started posting short videos on Sina Weibo in 2016, 7 (feature) poetic portrayals of rural life, traditional cooking techniques, and cultural practices. 8 the fact that she hasn’t updated her content since July 14th, 2021, she has seen her followers increase and fans request new videos during her 9 (absent). In her 10 (late) Weibo post, she wrote a comment, “I’ll catch up with everyone after I finish my busy schedule. Miss you!”
Passage 8
【2024-2025学年四川省成都市成都实验外国语学校教育集团高三上学期12月联考英语试卷】The Forbidden City, a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture and culture, 1 (house) amazing Chinese cultural and historical relics. However, over time, these relics have suffered from wear and tear. 2 (address) this issue, the restoration of these precious relics has become a crucial task.
The restoration process comes alive in the documentary Masters in the Forbidden City, which has remained an online hit 3 its release in 2016. Focusing on 4 the restorers do during the restoration process, the documentary has received general 5 (recognize) as it gives viewers a rare opportunity to gain insights into the craftsmanship. The restorers are committed to preserving the original essence of the relics while 6 (fix) any damage they may have suffered.
The restoration of cultural relics is 7 ongoing and never-ending task. Many young people look up to the skills shown in Masters in the Forbidden City, 8 few would ever think of trying the job for themselves. Tian Chenxin, a 16-year-old student from Chengdu, is one of the few. As a volunteer at the Chengdu Museum, she spent 9 (hour) learning from the experts. She dreams of one day 10 (huge) contributing to the preservation of China’s cultural heritage.
Passage 9
【2024-2025学年浙江省北斗星盟高三上学期12月阶段性联考英语试题】“It is an outstanding conclusion to a great Beethoven cycle. Frank Peter Zimmermann and Martin Helmchen finish their project in fine style,” says Julian Haylock.
We are 1 (current) experiencing one of the most exciting periods in recording. We have been especially lucky over the last decade or so, 2 charming recordings of Beethoven’s violin sonatas that make some older ones sound ordinary.
Frank Peter Zimmermann and Martin Helmchen are an outstanding team, 3 latest release brings their three-disc survey to 4 uplifting conclusion. The “little” No.8 is kept light-as-air, with some music jokes occasionally thrown off from magical hands. One of the trickiest movements in the cycle 5 (be) the central Minuetto (小步舞曲), yet here it is kept flowing and dancing, gently 6 (mix) with delicate precision.
These are the readings that also have their great arms firmly on the music. The 7 (distinguish) players create a sense of anticipation in the introduction to Kreutzer Sonata’s opening movement, which 8 (play) completely with Zimmermann over the wonderful music pauses.
Finest of all is a reading of the Op.96 Sonata that allows listeners 9 (dream) a little and feel the 10 (composer) undervalued silence in all its charm.
Passage 10
【2024-2025学年高三上学期河南省通义四省名校联盟联考第一次联考】American literature, the body of written works 1 (produce) in the English language in the United States.
Like other national literatures, American literature was shaped by the history of the country that produced it. For almost a century and 2 half, America was merely a group of colonies scattered along the eastern seaboard of the North American continent — colonies from 3 a few hardy souls tentatively ventured westward. After a successful rebellion against the motherland, America became the United States, a nation. By the end of the 19th century this nation extended southward to the Gulf of Mexico, northward to the 4 (forty-nine) parallel, and westward to the Pacific. By the end of the 19th century, too, it 5 (take) its place among the powers of the world — its fortunes so interrelated with those of other nations that inevitably it became involved in two world wars and, 6 (follow) these conflicts, 7 the problems of Europe and East Asia.
This article traces the history of American poetry, drama, fiction, and social and 8 (liter) criticism from the early 17th century through the turn of the 21st century. For a description of the oral and written literatures of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, 9 (see) Native American literature, though the contributions of African Americans to American literature 10 (discuss) in this article.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)模板09 语法填空有提示词-名词和数词
年份 卷别 题号
名词 数词
2024 新高考I卷 62 66 /
新高考II卷 62 /
2023 新高考I卷 / /
新高考II卷 61 /
2022 新高考I卷 61 /
新高考II卷 64 /
题型 真题示例
模板01 名词 【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 favorites (favourite); richness(rich) 【2024年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】themes(theme); visibility (visible)
模板02 数词 seventies (seventy)
命题预测/考情揭秘 名词是语法填空的高频考点，经常考查名词的构成，名词的数以及名词的所有格。 数词考查分为两类：基数词和序数词。
技巧解读 一、名词 熟练掌握名词单数变复数的基本规则，根据句意或主谓一致原则确定名词的数； 明确形容词与名词、冠词与名词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分，确定名词的恰当形式。 要熟练掌握名词所有格的作用。 二、数词 识别基数词和序数词： 基数词用于表示数量，如“one”、“two”、“three”等。 序数词用于表示顺序，如“first”、“second”、“third”等。 注意数词的复数形式：基数词有复数形式，序数词在表示多个顺序时也有复数形式，如“first”、“seconds”、“thirds”等。 识别分数和百分比： 分数的表达形式为“基数词/序数词”，如“one-third”、“two-fifths”等。 百分比的表达形式为“基数词 + percent”，如“ten percent”、“fifty percent”等。 注意数词的固定搭配： 记住常见的数词短语和固定搭配，如“once a week”、“twice a month”等。
考点 模板答题
名词的功能 首先判断空格处的词语在句子中充当的成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语等，可判定使用应名词；
名词的数 然后根据语境和语法规则判断名词应该是单数还是复数； 如果为可数名词，要考虑其单复数。如果名词前有“a”、“an”、“one”等修饰词，应填入单数形式；如果名词前有“some”、“many”、“several”、“a few”等修饰词，应填入复数形式；或者根据上下文意义。 如果名词不可数，通常没有复数形式，如“water”、“air”、“advice”等。此时，应使用“some”、“a little”、“much”等修饰词。 如果名词在句子中充当主语，根据谓语动词的形式判断其主语的单复数。如果谓语动词使用单数形式，做主语的名词使用单数形式；如果谓语动词使用复数形式，做主语的名词使用其复数形式。 记住常见的名词短语和固定搭配，如“make a decision”、“take a break”、“give advice”等。
名词的格 如果句子中表示所属关系，考虑使用名词的所有格形式。 有生命的单数名词或不以 s 结尾的复数名词，在词尾加's，如 “the boy's book（男孩的书）”“children's toys（孩子们的玩具）”。 若名词是以 s 结尾的复数形式，只加 '，如 “the students' classroom（学生们的教室）”。
名词复数形式变化规则
场合 用法 示例
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths, house→houses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses, box→boxes, church→churches, brush→brushes
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries, factory→factories
以元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays, monkey→monkeys
以辅音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-es hero→heroes, potato→potatoes
以元音字母+-o结尾的名词 直接加-s zoo→zoos, zero→zeros
以元音字母+-o结尾的名词 特殊直接加-s photo→photos, kilo→kilos, piano→pianos
以-f,-fe结尾的名词 变f或fe为 -ves wife→wilves, wolf→wolves
以-f,-fe结尾的名词 直接加-s gulf→gulfs, roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, safe→safes
单复数同形的名词 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species
特殊记忆的名词 单独记忆 man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice
合成名词的复数 主体名词变复数 passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on
合成名词的复数 无名词最后加-s grown-up→grown-ups, go-between→go-betweens
抽象名词具体化
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
名词的所有格
(1)－’s所有格 ①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加－’s 或’；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加－’s或’。 Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。 Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。 ②表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。 at the barber’s在理发店 at the teacher’s在老师办公室
(2)of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。 the content of the novel小说的内容 the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字
(3)双重所有格 指＂名词＋of＋名词所有格＂或＂名词＋of＋名词性物主代词＂。 a play of Shakespeare’s(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)
模板01 名词模版
（2024新课标I卷）These plants included modern Western 62 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
【答案】favorites。
【模板】根据模板名词的数1：如果为可数名词，要考虑其单复数，...根据上下文意义可知。
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
（2024新课标II卷）Although they could never have met, there are common ___57___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
【答案】themes。
【模板】根据模板名词的数3：如果名词在句子中充当主语，根据谓语动词的形式判断其主语的单复数。如果谓语动词使用单数形式，做主语的名词使用单数形式；如果谓语动词使用复数形式，做主语的名词使用其复数形式。
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
【2024届江西省南昌市东湖区南昌市模拟】The oldest 12 (evident) of noodles was from 4,000 years ago in China.
【答案】evidence
【模板】根据模板名词的数2：如果名词不可数，通常没有复数形式。
【解析】考查名词。句意：面条最古老的证据来自4000年前的中国。本空用不可数名词evidence“证据”，作主语，且故填evidence 。
模板 02 数词模板
易错点 模板答题
基数词+序数词 整十序数词在基础词尾y变为ie, 再加-th：如twenty-twentieth第二十； 二、数词 1,识别基数词和序数词： 基数词用于表示数量，如“one”、“two”、“three”等。 序数词用于表示顺序，如“first”、“second”、“third”等。 注意易错序数词： first第一； second第二； third第三； 4-19的序数词由基数词后加-th构成：如fourth, fifteen; 特殊：eighth第八； ninth第九； twelfth第十二； 2，数词的复数形式：基数词有复数形式，序数词在表示多个顺序时也有复数形式，如“first”、“seconds”、“thirds”等。 3，分数和百分比： 分数的表达形式为“基数词/序数词”，如“one-third”、“two-fifths”等。 百分比的表达形式为“基数词 + percent”，如“ten percent”、“fifty percent”等。 4，数词的固定搭配： 记住常见的数词短语和固定搭配，如“once a week”、“twice a month”等。
分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母后加-s。如one fifth, three fourths。
As we can learn from the newspaper, they are already in their (thirty) without a child.
【答案】thirties
【模板】序数词整十变换规律。
【解析】考查数词的用法。句意：我们从报纸上可以了解到，他们已经三十多岁了，没有孩子。“in one’s+基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”，为固定搭配。故填thirties。
You’d better go home to see your parents (two) a week. They need more care.
【答案】twice
【模板】根据数词模板4，数词的固定搭配。
【详解】考查固定用法。句意：你最好每周回家看你父母两次。他们需要更多的照顾。twice意为“两次，两倍”，twice a week“一周两次”。故填twice。
Passage 1
【2024-2025学年湖南省雅礼中学高三上学期月考卷】China has made sustained efforts to battle against desertification over the years. From encouraging public participation to adopting policy measures, the country 1 (take) effective and practical steps to control desertification, 2 (transform) poor soil into forests and grasslands.
China appointed March 12 as National Tree Planting Day in 1979, and Chinese citizens 3 (voluntary) planted approximately 78.1 billion trees between 1982 and2021 across the vast country. The government has also launched various greening projects, targeting areas 4 deserts have threatened the local ecological environment and narrowed people’s living space.
The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program (TSFP), 5 large-scale afforestation project, is a good example. Launched in 1978 and scheduled 6 (complete) in 2050, it has effectively limited the 7 (expand) of desertification and become a “green Great Wall” preventing sandstorms. The project has been acknowledged 8 a successful example of global ecological governance.
In addition, China has actively conducted 9 (exchange) and cooperation with Belt and Road countries, and has established an international knowledge management center for desertification prevention and control. Moving forward, the world’s second-largest economy remains 10 (determine) to carve out an eco-friendly path for global green development.
【答案】1．has taken 2．transforming 3．voluntarily 4．where 5．a 6．to be completed 7．expansion 8．as 9．exchanges 10．determined
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国为防治荒漠化所采取的持续努力和有效措施。
1．考查时态。句意：从鼓励公众参与到采取政策措施，中国已经采取了有效和实际的措施来控制荒漠化，将贫瘠的土壤变成森林和草原。take steps“采取措施”，作谓语；此处描述的是过去的动作对现在产生的影响，时态应用现在完成时，主语the country为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has taken。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为has taken，所以此处应用非谓语动词形式。而transform“转变”与其逻辑主语the country之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词，作状语。故填transforming。
3．考查副词。句意：中国在1979年指定3月12日为全国植树节，1982年至2021年间，中国公民在全国自愿种植了约781亿棵树。本空修饰动词planted，应用副词形式voluntarily“自愿地”，作状语。故填voluntarily。
4．考查定语从句。句意：政府还启动了各种绿化项目，针对的是沙漠已经威胁到当地生态环境并缩小了人们居住空间的地区。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是targeting areas，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5．考查冠词。句意：“三北防护林工程”是一项大规模的植树造林项目，是一个很好的例子。此处泛指“一项大规模的造林项目”，且large-scale以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：该项目于1978年启动，计划于2050年完成，它有效地限制了荒漠化的蔓延，并成为防止沙尘暴的“绿色长城”。本句谓语为has limited，此处为非谓语动词，schedule to do sth.意为“计划做某事”，且it指代The Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program，与complete“完成”为被动关系，本空用不定时的被动形式。故填to be completed。
7．考查名词。句意同上。本空作limited的宾语，所以此处应用名词expansion“扩张，蔓延”。故填expansion。
8．考查介词。句意：该项目已被公认为全球生态治理的一个成功范例。acknowledge sth. as...意为“公认……为……”，本空用介词as，符合题意。故填as。
9．考查名词。句意：此外，中国还与“一带一路”国家积极开展交流与合作，并建立了荒漠化防治国际知识管理中心。本空作conducted的宾语，所以此处应用名词exchange“交流”，不止一项交流，本空用其复数形式。故填exchanges。
10．考查形容词。句意：展望未来，世界第二大经济体仍决心为全球绿色发展开辟一条生态友好的道路。remains为系动词，其后应接形容词作表语，所以此处应用形容词determined，表示“有决心的”，作表语。故填determined。
Passage 2
【2025届重庆市西南大学附属中学校高三上学期一诊模拟英语试题 】Just like in the West at Christmas time, as Chinese New Year approaches, homes, businesses, shopping centers, offices, shops, airports and train stations 1 (dress) in their holiday best. A sea of red and gold, bright lanterns and auspicious (吉祥的) plants and flowers are the hallmarks of the season, indicating the 2 (arrive) of the largest and most important festival of the year.
These are some of the traditional decorations used during the season 3 also carry some symbolic meanings.
BRIGHT RED LANTERNS: They are perhaps the most popular way 4 (add) that spark to the celebrations. You find them popping up everywhere around town, the temples, the stores, homes, parks... Chinese lanterns come 5 all sorts of shapes, sizes and colors, although for Chinese New Year, the traditional red and gold balloon lantern is one of the most popular ones. The red Chinese Lantern has become 6 symbol of Chinese culture. To Chinese, it represents vitality and prosperity, and you see them hanging year-round in Chinatowns around the world.
CHINESE KNOTS: Chinese Knots are put up during the holidays or given as good-luck charms to your loved ones. They protect people from evil spirits and particularly the “ 7 (end) knots” are a sign of an “eternal” life or longevity.
ANCIENT CHINESE COINS: Coins are of course associated with wealth and prosperity. 8 (traditional), you will see the ancient coin with the square hole in the middle used as decorative 9 (object). Also popular are charms with three coins 10 (tie) with red string for good luck.
【答案】1．are dressed 2．arrival 3．which/that 4．to add 5．in 6．a 7．endless 8．Traditionally 9．objects 10．tied
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是中国新年的一些传统装饰及其象征意义。
1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：就像西方的圣诞节一样，随着中国新年的临近，家庭、企业、购物中心、办公室、商店、机场和火车站都盛装打扮。空处应填谓语动词，动词dress意为“给……穿上衣服”，与主语homes, businesses, shopping centers, offices, shops, airports and train stations之间为被动关系，且此处为客观陈述，应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are dressed。
2．考查名词。句意：一片红色和金色的海洋，明亮的灯笼和吉祥的植物和花朵是这个季节的标志，预示着一年中最大、最重要的节日的到来。由句意及空前的indicating the及空后的of可知应填名词形式arrival，作宾语。故填arrival。
3．考查定语从句。句意：这些是这个季节使用的一些传统装饰，也带有一些象征意义。此处引导定语从句，先行词为decorations，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
4．考查不定式。句意：它们可能是最受欢迎的为庆祝活动增添火花的方式。the way to do…意为“做某事的方式”，不定式作后置定语。故填to add。
5．考查介词。句意：你会发现它们在镇上到处出现，寺庙、商店、住宅、公园……中国的灯笼有各种各样的形状、大小和颜色，尽管对于中国新年来说，传统的红金色气球灯笼是最受欢迎的灯笼之一。由句意及空后的all sorts of可知应填介词in，in all sorts of意为“各种各样的”。故填in。
6．考查冠词。句意：红灯笼已成为中国文化的象征。a symbol of…意为“……的象征”。故填a。
7．考查形容词。句意：它们保护人们不受恶鬼的伤害，特别是“无尽的结”是“永恒”生命或长寿的标志。由句意及空后的knots” are a sign of an “eternal” life or longevity.可知应填形容词形式endless(无穷尽的)，作定语，修饰名词knots。故填endless。
8．考查副词。句意：传统上，你会看到中间有方孔的古钱币被用作装饰品。由句意，空处应填副词traditionally，作状语，修饰整个句子，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Traditionally。
9．考查名词复数。句意：传统上，你会看到中间有方孔的古钱币被用作装饰品。object为可数名词且其前面没有表示数量的限定词修饰，所以应填复数形式objects，作宾语。故填objects。
10．考查过去分词。句意：同样受欢迎的还有用红绳子绑着三个硬币的护身符，寓意好运。此处为with复合结构，名词coins与动词tie之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表示被动。故填tied。
Passage 3
【2024-2025学年江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考高三上学期12月月考英语试题】Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice of writing Chinese characters, often with a brush and ink on xuan paper. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy began alongside the earliest Chinese characters 1 (discover) to date-inscriptions (铭文) on bones from the Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan province. Later, calligraphy gradually 2 (take) shape as a form of art rather than a mere means of record. The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular, 3 (bear) from such calligraphy.
Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and 4 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush. It is said that the emotions and philosophy of the writer are 5 (direct) reflected on calligraphy. Lan Ting Xu (The Orchid Pavilion Preface), 6 was created by Wang Xizhi during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is one of the most famous 7 (work) of Chinese calligraphy. Its elegance and expressive brushwork made it of both historical and cultural 8 (significant) in Chinese literature. Calligraphy is also 9 reach. It is seen on the walls of offices, shops, hotels, and houses everywhere.
10 there is Chinese language, there is Chinese calligraphy. The art of Chinese calligraphy is still highly valued today, for it is more than just writing, it is a living heritage.
【答案】1．discovered 2．took 3．were born 4．advanced 5．directly 6．which 7．works 8．significance 9．within 10．Where
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是中国书法艺术的起源、发展及其五种主要字体，强调其不仅是书写形式，更是情感与哲思的表达，至今仍为宝贵的文化遗产。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国书法的演变始于迄今为止发现的最早的汉字——河南安阳商代的骨头上的碑文。句中谓语是began，空格处用非谓语动词，characters和discover之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动。故填discovered。
2．考查时态。句意：后来，书法逐渐成为一种艺术形式，而不仅仅是一种记录手段。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故填took。
3．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：楷书、行书、草书、隶书、篆书、楷书这五大字体，就是从这样的书法中诞生的。“The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular”和bear之间是逻辑动宾关系，且描述过去的事情，因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular”是复数。故填were born。
4．考查形容词。句意：中国书法是一门要求很高的高级艺术，它通过尖毛笔的压力和速度变化将汉字变成图像。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词art，advance的形容词是advanced，意为“高级的”。故填advanced。
5．考查副词。句意：据说，作家的情感和哲学直接反映在书法上。空格处用副词directly修饰动词reflected，directly意为“直接地”。故填directly。
6．考查定语从句。句意：东晋时期王羲之创作的《兰亭序》是中国书法最著名的作品之一。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Lan Ting Xu (The Orchid Pavilion Preface)是物，因此空格处用关系代词which。故填which。
7．考查名词的复数。句意：东晋时期王羲之创作的《兰亭序》是中国书法最著名的作品之一。work表示“作品”时是可数名词，空前有one of，空格处用复数。故填works。
8．考查名词。句意：它的优雅和富有表现力的笔法使它在中国文学中具有历史和文化意义。cultural是形容词，修饰名词，significant的名词是significance，是不可数名词，意为“意义”。故填significance。
9．考查介词。句意：书法也是触手可及的。由“It is seen on the walls of offices, shops, hotels, and houses everywhere”可知，句子表示“书法也是触手可及的”，be within reach是固定短语，意为“触手可及”。故填within。
10．考查地点状语从句。句意：哪里有汉语，哪里就有中国书法。此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意，此处表示地点，因此空格处是where，引导地点状语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填Where。
Passage 4
【2024-2025学年云南省开远市第一中学校（开远一中实验学校）高三上学期12月月考英语试题】Making water on the moon using lunar soil is a topic that attracts many scientists. The water content of the lunar soil is extremely low, ranging 1 0.0001 percent to 0.02 percent. This makes extracting the water right there on the moon very difficult — but not 2 (possible).
In the lunar soil samples 3 (bring) back by the Chang’e 5 lunar probe in 2020, Chinese scientists found large 4 (amount) of hydrogen as a result of billions of years of 35 (expose) to solar winds. When subjected to high temperatures, the hydrogen reacts with the soil, generating elemental iron (单质铁) along with water. If the temperature goes above 1,000℃, the. soil will break down, 6 (release) the water as collectible vapor.
Through this method, “I ton of lunar soil can produce more than 50 kilograms of water, 7 is enough for 50 people to drink for one day.” Wang Junqiang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Daily. According to 8 (he), the finding lays a foundation for China to proceed with its plan to build 9 international lunar research station. In 2035, a station with basic functions 10 (construct) near the moon’s south pole.
【答案】1．from 2．impossible 3．brought 4．amounts 5．exposure 6．releasing 7．which 8．him 9．an 10．will be constructed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科学家利用月壤探索在月球上获取水的方法。
1．考查介词。句意：月球土壤的水分含量极低，范围在0.0001%到0.02%之间。根据空前ranging和空后to可知，range from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从……到……变化”。故填from。
2．考查形容词。句意：这使得在月球上就地提取水变得非常困难，但并非不可能。根据空前very difficult和but可知，此处需用其反义词，possible的反义词为impossible，意为“不可能的”。故填impossible。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在嫦娥五号月球探测器于2020年带回的月球土壤样本中，中国科学家发现了大量的氢，这是数十亿年暴露于太阳风的结果。根据空后found可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词bring与逻辑主语lunar soil samples构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填brought。
4．考查名词。句意：在嫦娥五号月球探测器于2020年带回的月球土壤样本中，中国科学家发现了大量的氢，这是数十亿年暴露于太阳风的结果。根据空前large可知，amount为可数名词，应用复数形式，构成固定短语large amounts of，意为“大量的”。故填amounts。
5．考查名词。句意：在嫦娥五号月球探测器于2020年带回的月球土壤样本中，中国科学家发现了大量的氢，这是数十亿年暴露于太阳风的结果。根据空前of可知，空处应用名词形式，作宾语，动词expose的名词为exposure。故填exposure。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果温度超过1000℃，土壤将分解，释放出可收集的水蒸气。根据空前will break可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，动词release与逻辑主语soil构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填releasing。
7．考查定语从句。句意：通过这种方法，“一吨月球土壤可以产生50多公斤的水，这足够50人喝一天。”中国科学院教授Wang Junqiang告诉《中国日报》。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰water，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8．考查代词。句意：据他介绍，这一发现为中国继续实施建设国际月球研究站的计划奠定了基础。根据空前According to可知，空处应用宾格形式him，作宾语，且指代Wang Junqiang。故填him。
9．考查冠词。句意：据他介绍，这一发现为中国继续实施建设国际月球研究站的计划奠定了基础。根据空后international lunar research station可知，station为可数名词，此处表泛指，且international发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
10．考查时态语态。句意：2035年，一个具备基本功能的研究站将在月球南极附近建成。根据空前In 2035可知，应用一般将来时，且动词construct与逻辑主语a station构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be constructed。
Passage 5
【2025届福建省宁德市部分达标学校高三上学期12月第二次联考（二模）英语试题】 Calligraphy’s roots can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as China, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. It emerged 1 a form of written communication, where skilled artists used their mastery of ink and brushes 2 (create) visually amazing texts. In China, calligraphy was a respected art form 3 (associate) with intellect and spirituality. In medieval (中世纪的) Europe, beautifully written and decorated books 4 (see) as important parts of culture and religion. Through the ages, calligraphy developed across different cultures, each 5 (maintain) a unique style and set of techniques.
The advent (到来) of the printing press in the 15th century marked a turning point for calligraphy. With the mass production of printed materials, the demand for handwritten texts reduced. The 6 (industry) revolution further sped up this decline, as people accepted modern, mechanical means of communication.
While calligraphy experienced a decline, it never 7 (complete) disappeared. Passionate individuals, calligraphers, and academics kept studying and teaching it, so it lived on. However, it wasn’t until the latter half of the 20th century 8 calligraphy truly began to experience a revival.
One of the significant 9 (driver) of the revival was the desire for a return to handmade and authentic art forms. In a world filled with mass-produced goods and digital communication, people sought a way to reconnect with the personal aspects of art. Calligraphy provided 10 approach for this reconnection.
【答案】1．as 2．to create 3．associated 4．were seen 5．maintaining 6．industrial 7．completely 8．that 9．drivers 10．an
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了书法的起源、衰落和复兴。
1．考查介词。句意：它作为一种书面交流形式出现，熟练的艺术家使用他们对墨水和画笔的掌握来创造视觉上令人惊叹的文本。后跟名词作宾语，表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。
2．考查非谓语动词。它作为一种书面交流形式出现，熟练的艺术家使用他们对墨水和画笔的掌握来创造视觉上令人惊叹的文本。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示目的，所以使用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to create。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，书法是一种受人尊敬的与智力和精神有关的艺术形式。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词art form，associate与form构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填associated。
4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在中世纪的欧洲，书写精美、装饰精美的书籍被视为文化和宗教的重要组成部分。此处为谓语动词，books和see之间是被动关系，该句叙述的是发生在过去的事情为一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数意义。故填were seen。
5．考查非谓语动词。随着时间的推移，书法在不同的文化中发展，每种文化都保持着独特的风格和技巧。此空为独立主格结构，且each与maintain为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填maintaining。
6．考查形容词。句意：工业革命进一步加速了这种衰落，因为人们接受了现代的、机械的通信手段。修饰名词revolution应用形容词industrial。故填industrial。
7．考查副词。句意：虽然书法经历了衰落，但它从未完全消失。修饰谓语动词disappeared用副词completely。故填completely。
8．考查强调句。句意：然而，直到20世纪下半叶，书法才真正开始复兴。此处为强调句It wasn’t until … that…表示“直到……时候才……”。故填that。
9．考查名词复数。句意：复兴的重要驱动力之一是渴望回归手工制作和真实的艺术形式。one of +名词复数。故填drivers。
10．考查冠词。句意：书法为这种重新连接提供了一种途径。approach为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处approach为泛指，且approach以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
Passage 6
【2024-2025学年山东省青岛第二中学高三上学期12月月考英语试题】In an age of rapidly growing urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 1 the challenge of creating green space in cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 2 (plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding 3 touch of nature to urban environments.
Rooftop farming, also 4 (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend it’s a step, towards environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation provide help 5 (absorb) sunlight and release moisture, cooling the air and reducing the demand for air conditioning, which in turn lessens energy 6 (consume) and carbon emission . Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 7 (teach) city dwellers about sustainable agriculture practices and the importance of locally sourced food.
As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement 8 promotes healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce . When we look towards a future 9 environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food — we cultivate hope for a 10 ( green) and more sustainable world.
【答案】1．to 2．are planted 3．a 4．referred 5．to absorb 6．consumption 7．teaching 8．and 9．where 10．greener
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了屋顶农场作为一种创新的城市绿化方式，其定义、功能、益处以及对未来可持续发展的意义。
1．考查固定短语。句意：在城市化迅速发展的时代，屋顶农场已成为应对城市中创造绿色空间挑战的一种可持续方式。空处为介词形式，构成固定短语：a response to，意为“对……的应对”，符合句意。故填to。
2．考查谓语动词。句意：这种创新做法将屋顶改造成小型农场，种植蔬菜、水果，甚至花卉，为当地居民提供新鲜农产品，并为城市环境增添了一抹自然色彩。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可知，从句时态为一般现在时；主语为“vegetables, fruits, and even flowers”，复数，和动词“plant”之间为被动关系。故填are planted。
3．考查冠词。句意：这种创新做法将屋顶改造成小型农场，种植蔬菜、水果，甚至花卉，为当地居民提供新鲜农产品，并为城市环境增添了一抹自然色彩。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：屋顶农场，也被称为垂直农业，不仅仅是一种潮流，更是向环境保护迈出的一步。空处为非谓语动词担当后置定语；被修饰词“Rooftop farming”和动词短语“refer to”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填referred。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：带有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收阳光并释放水分，使空气冷却，并减少对空调的需求，进而降低能源消耗和碳排放。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to absorb。
6．考查名词。句意：带有植被的绿色屋顶有助于吸收阳光并释放水分，使空气冷却，并减少对空调的需求，进而降低能源消耗和碳排放。空处为名词形式担当宾语，且为不可数名词。故填consumption。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：同时，屋顶农场还作为教育平台，向城市居民传授可持续农业实践的知识以及本地食品的重要性。空处为非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填teaching。
8．考查连词。句意：随着城市人口的持续增长，屋顶农场通过提供新鲜有机农产品的途径，促进了社区参与并推动了更健康的生活方式。空处为连词形式，空前“fosters community engagement”和空后“promotes healthier lifestyles by”之间为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
9．考查定语从句。句意：当我们展望一个未来，其中环境意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要时，屋顶农场见证了我们不仅能够培育食物，更能培育对更绿色、更可持续世界的希望。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“a future”，在定语从句中担当状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
10．考查形容词比较级。句意：当我们展望一个未来，其中环境意识和可持续实践变得越来越重要时，屋顶农场见证了我们不仅能够培育食物，更能培育对更绿色、更可持续世界的希望。根据下文的“more sustainable”可推测，空处为形容词比较级形式。故填greener。
Passage 7
【2024-2025学年广西南宁二中、柳铁一中高三上学期12月联合调研测试英语试题】After a three-year hiatus (断更), renowned Chinese video influencer Li Ziqi restarted posting online two new videos on Tuesday afternoon. The videos 1 (share) by her across social media platforms, including Douyin, Sina Weibo, and YouTube.
One newly uploaded video showed 2 she turned a woodshed into a woodland cloakroom (衣帽间)， 3 the other showcased her craft using the intangible cultural heritage Chinese lacquerware (漆器) techniques. Within five and a half hours after its release, the video of the lacquerware has gained 100million views on Sina Weibo, with 4 total of 1.6 million interactions, including shares, comments, and likes. Since then, many netizens 5 (flood) the comment area with messages of support and expressed how much they missed her content. A fan on YouTube commented, “I really missed your videos, you and your grandmother. Whenever I watch your videos, I feel 6 (relax), ” echoing the sentiments of many of her followers.
Li started posting short videos on Sina Weibo in 2016, 7 (feature) poetic portrayals of rural life, traditional cooking techniques, and cultural practices. 8 the fact that she hasn’t updated her content since July 14th, 2021, she has seen her followers increase and fans request new videos during her 9 (absent). In her 10 (late) Weibo post, she wrote a comment, “I’ll catch up with everyone after I finish my busy schedule. Miss you!”
【答案】1．were shared 2．how 3．and 4．a 5．have flooded 6．relaxed 7．featuring 8．Despite 9．absence 10．latest
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了断更三年的中国网红李子柒复出，发布了两个视频，引发网友广泛关注。
1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：她在抖音、新浪微博和YouTube等社交媒体平台上分享了这些视频。share作本句谓语，根据句意以及空后的by可知，此处用被动语态，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，主语为复数。故填were shared。
2．考查宾语从句。句意：最近上传的一段视频展示了她如何将木棚变成林地衣帽间，另一段视频展示了她使用非物质文化遗产中国漆器技术的工艺。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，用连接副词，根据句意，表达“如何将木棚变成林地衣帽间”，用how连接。故填how。
3．考查连词。句意：最近上传的一段视频展示了她如何将木棚变成林地衣帽间，另一段视频展示了她使用非物质文化遗产中国漆器技术的工艺。根据句意，前后文为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
4．考查冠词。句意：在发布后的五个半小时内，这段漆器视频在新浪微博上获得了1亿次观看，包括分享、评论和点赞在内的160万次互动。此处是固定搭配a total of意为“总数为”。故填a。
5．考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，许多网友在评论区留言支持她，并表达了他们对她的内容的怀念。flood作本句谓语，根据时间状语since then可知，用现在完成时，主语为复数。故填have flooded。
6．考查形容词。句意：YouTube上的一位粉丝评论道：“我真的很想念你的视频，你和你的祖母。每当我看你的视频，我都觉得很放松，”她的许多粉丝都有同样的感受。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，relax的形容词relaxed意为“放松的”符合句意。故填relaxed。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年，李开始在新浪微博上发布短视频，以农村生活、传统烹饪技术和文化习俗的诗意描绘为特色。本句已有谓语动词，所以feature用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语short videos之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填featuring。
8．考查介词。句意：尽管自2021年7月14日以来，她就没有更新过自己的内容，但她的粉丝却在增加，粉丝们也在她不在的时候要求她更新视频。根据句意，此处表达“尽管”之意，应用介词despite引导让步状语，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
9．考查名词。句意：尽管自2021年7月14日以来，她就没有更新过自己的内容，但她的粉丝却在增加，粉丝们也在她不在的时候要求她更新视频。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，absent的名词形式是absence。故填absence。
10．考查形容词。句意：在她最新的微博中，她写道：“等我忙完之后，我会赶上大家的。想念你们!”空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，表达“最新的”之意，用最高级形式。故填latest。
Passage 8
【2024-2025学年四川省成都市成都实验外国语学校教育集团高三上学期12月联考英语试卷】The Forbidden City, a masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture and culture, 1 (house) amazing Chinese cultural and historical relics. However, over time, these relics have suffered from wear and tear. 2 (address) this issue, the restoration of these precious relics has become a crucial task.
The restoration process comes alive in the documentary Masters in the Forbidden City, which has remained an online hit 3 its release in 2016. Focusing on 4 the restorers do during the restoration process, the documentary has received general 5 (recognize) as it gives viewers a rare opportunity to gain insights into the craftsmanship. The restorers are committed to preserving the original essence of the relics while 6 (fix) any damage they may have suffered.
The restoration of cultural relics is 7 ongoing and never-ending task. Many young people look up to the skills shown in Masters in the Forbidden City, 8 few would ever think of trying the job for themselves. Tian Chenxin, a 16-year-old student from Chengdu, is one of the few. As a volunteer at the Chengdu Museum, she spent 9 (hour) learning from the experts. She dreams of one day 10 (huge) contributing to the preservation of China’s cultural heritage.
【答案】1．houses 2．To address 3．since 4．what 5．recognition 6．fixing 7．an 8．but 9．hours 10．hugely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了紫禁城中文化和历史遗迹的修复工作，并通过提及纪录片《我在故宫修文物》来进一步说明修复工作的过程及其意义。
1．考查谓语动词。句意：紫禁城，这一中国古代建筑和文化的杰作，收藏着令人惊叹的中国文化和历史遗迹。空处为本句谓语动词；根据句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“The Forbidden City”，单数，和动词“house”之间为主动关系。故填houses。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了解决这一问题，修复这些珍贵的遗迹成为了一项至关重要的任务。空处为非谓语动词担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填To address。
3．考查介词。句意：纪录片《我在故宫修文物》生动展现了修复过程，自2016年播出以来，该纪录片一直备受网络热捧。空处为介词，构成本句时间状语，意为“自从”，用介词“since”。故填since。
4．考查宾语从句。句意：该纪录片聚焦于修复师在修复过程中的工作，因其为观众提供了难得的机会深入了解修复工艺而获得了广泛认可。空处为宾语从句的引导词；宾语从句中缺少宾语，表示“事情”，用“what”引导。故填what。
5．考查名词。句意：该纪录片聚焦于修复师在修复过程中的工作，因其为观众提供了难得的机会深入了解修复工艺而获得了广泛认可。空处为名词形式担当宾语，意为“认可”。故填recognition。
6．考查状语从句的省略。句意：修复师们致力于在修复文物的同时，保留其原始精髓。空处为状语从句的省略；主语“the restorers”和动词“fix”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填fixing。
7．考查冠词。句意：文化遗产的修复是一项持续不断、永无止境的任务。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
8．考查连词。句意：许多年轻人对《我在故宫修文物》中展示的技艺表示仰慕，但很少有人会想到自己去尝试这份工作。空处为连词，空前“Many young people look up to the skills shown in Masters in the Forbidden City”和空后“few would ever think of trying the job for themselves.”之间为转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
9．考查名词的数。句意：作为成都博物馆的一名志愿者，她花费数小时向专家学习。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填hours。
10．考查副词。句意：她梦想着有一天能为保护中国的文化遗产做出巨大贡献。修饰动词用副词形式，意为“巨大地”。故填hugely。
Passage 9
【2024-2025学年浙江省北斗星盟高三上学期12月阶段性联考英语试题】“It is an outstanding conclusion to a great Beethoven cycle. Frank Peter Zimmermann and Martin Helmchen finish their project in fine style,” says Julian Haylock.
We are 1 (current) experiencing one of the most exciting periods in recording. We have been especially lucky over the last decade or so, 2 charming recordings of Beethoven’s violin sonatas that make some older ones sound ordinary.
Frank Peter Zimmermann and Martin Helmchen are an outstanding team, 3 latest release brings their three-disc survey to 4 uplifting conclusion. The “little” No.8 is kept light-as-air, with some music jokes occasionally thrown off from magical hands. One of the trickiest movements in the cycle 5 (be) the central Minuetto (小步舞曲), yet here it is kept flowing and dancing, gently 6 (mix) with delicate precision.
These are the readings that also have their great arms firmly on the music. The 7 (distinguish) players create a sense of anticipation in the introduction to Kreutzer Sonata’s opening movement, which 8 (play) completely with Zimmermann over the wonderful music pauses.
Finest of all is a reading of the Op.96 Sonata that allows listeners 9 (dream) a little and feel the 10 (composer) undervalued silence in all its charm.
【答案】1．currently 2．with 3．whose 4．an 5．is 6．mixed 7．distinguished 8．is played 9．to dream 10．composer’s
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章不仅描述了Frank Peter Zimmermann和Martin Helmchen对贝多芬小提琴奏鸣曲的演绎，还评价了他们的演奏风格和录音质量，同时对比了其他录音版本，突出了这对组合在音乐诠释上的独特之处。
1．考查副词。句意：我们目前正在经历录音史上最令人兴奋的时期之一。本空修饰谓语are experiencing，作状语，用副词currently“目前，当下”。故填currently。
2．考查介词。句意：在过去的大约十年里，我们特别幸运地拥有了贝多芬小提琴奏鸣曲的迷人录音，这些录音使得一些较老的录音听起来显得平庸。本空表示“伴随”，用介词with，符合题意。故填with。
3．考查定语从句。句意：Frank Peter Zimmermann和Martin Helmchen是一个杰出的团队，他们最新的发行作品为他们的三张专辑的调查带来了一个振奋人心的结论。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是team，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
84．考查冠词。句意同上。conclusion“结论”为可数名词单数形式，此处泛指“一个振奋人心的结论”，且uplifting以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在这部作品中，最难的部分是中央的小步舞曲，然而在这里它被演奏得流畅而富有舞蹈性，与精致的精确度温柔地融合在一起。此处陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语One of the trickiest movements为第三人称单数形式，be动词用is。故填is。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句谓语为is kept，此处为非谓语动词，且it与mix“混合，融合”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填mixed。
7．考查形容词。句意：这两位杰出的演奏家在克雷策尔奏鸣曲开头部分的引子中营造出一种期待感，这部分完全由齐默尔曼在美妙的音乐停顿中演奏。修饰后文名词players，应用形容词distinguished“杰出的”，作定语。故填distinguished。
8．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意同上。which引导非限制性定语从句陈述一般事实，从句时态用一般现在时，关系词代词which代替先行词the introduction在从句中作主语，与动词play“演奏”构成被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is played。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：最精彩的是Op.96奏鸣曲的演奏，它让听众有一点梦想的感觉，并感受到作曲家被低估的沉默的所有魅力。that引导的定语从句的谓语为allows，此处为非谓语动词，allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，本空用dream“做梦，梦想”的不定式，作宾补。故填to dream。
10．考查名词所有格。句意同上。此处修饰名词silence，应用composer“作曲家”的名词所有格composer’s，作定语。故填composer’s。
Passage 10
【2024-2025学年高三上学期河南省通义四省名校联盟联考第一次联考】American literature, the body of written works 1 (produce) in the English language in the United States.
Like other national literatures, American literature was shaped by the history of the country that produced it. For almost a century and 2 half, America was merely a group of colonies scattered along the eastern seaboard of the North American continent — colonies from 3 a few hardy souls tentatively ventured westward. After a successful rebellion against the motherland, America became the United States, a nation. By the end of the 19th century this nation extended southward to the Gulf of Mexico, northward to the 4 (forty-nine) parallel, and westward to the Pacific. By the end of the 19th century, too, it 5 (take) its place among the powers of the world — its fortunes so interrelated with those of other nations that inevitably it became involved in two world wars and, 6 (follow) these conflicts, 7 the problems of Europe and East Asia.
This article traces the history of American poetry, drama, fiction, and social and 8 (liter) criticism from the early 17th century through the turn of the 21st century. For a description of the oral and written literatures of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, 9 (see) Native American literature, though the contributions of African Americans to American literature 10 (discuss) in this article.
【答案】1．produced 2．a 3．which 4．forty-ninth 5．had taken 6．following 7．with 8．literary 9．see 10．are discussed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国文学的发展历程及其涵盖的主要领域。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：美国文学是指在美国用英语创作的文学作品的总称。本空作works的后置定语，且works与produce“制作，生产”构成被动关系，故用过去分词，作定语。故填produced。
2．考查副词。句意：在将近一个半世纪的时间里，美国仅仅是一群散落在北美大陆东海岸的殖民地。表示“半个”用a half，本空用冠词a，符合题意。故填a。
3．考查介词。句意：在将近一个半世纪的时间里，美国仅仅是一群散落在北美大陆东海岸的殖民地，来自这些殖民地的一些坚强的人们试着向西进发。colonies后为限制性定语从句，先行词是colonies，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+关系代词which”引导定语从句。故填which。
4．考查序数词。句意：到19世纪末，这个国家向南扩展到墨西哥湾，向北扩展到四十九度纬线，向西扩展到太平洋。表示“第四十九”应用序数词forty-ninth，作定语修饰名词parallel。故填forty-ninth。
5．考查时态。句意：到19世纪末，它也跻身于世界强国之列——它的命运与其他国家的命运如此紧密相连，以至于它不可避免地卷入了两次世界大战，并在这些冲突之后，卷入了欧洲和东亚的问题。take its place“取得了它的地位”。本空为句子谓语，根据上文“By the end of the 19th century, too”可知，时态应用过去完成时。故填had taken。
6．考查介词。句意：到19世纪末，它也跻身于世界强国之列——它的命运与其他国家的命运如此紧密相连，以至于它不可避免地卷入了两次世界大战，并在这些冲突之后，卷入了欧洲和东亚的问题。表示“在（某事）以后”，用介词following。句首单词首字母要大写。故填following。
7．考查介词。句意：到19世纪末，它也跻身于世界强国之列——它的命运与其他国家的命运如此紧密相连，以至于它不可避免地卷入了两次世界大战，并在这些冲突之后，卷入了欧洲和东亚的问题。be involved with为固定短语，表示“参与，涉及到”，本空用with，符合题意。故填with。
8．考查形容词。句意：本文追溯了从17世纪初到21世纪初美国诗歌、戏剧、小说以及社会和文学批评的历史。空处修饰名词criticism，应用形容词literary“文学的”，作定语。故填literary。
9．考查祈使句。句意：要了解美洲土著人民的口头和书面文学，请参阅美洲原住民文学，尽管本文讨论了非裔美国人对美国文学的贡献。主句为祈使句，以动词原形开头，本空用see“看”的原形。故填see。
10．考查动词语态。句意：要了解美洲土著人民的口头和书面文学，请参阅美洲原住民文学，尽管本文讨论了非裔美国人对美国文学的贡献。从句描述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语the contributions与动词discuss“讨论”构成被动关系，从句用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为contributions，be动词用are。故填are discussed。
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