2026人教版新教材英语高考第一轮同步基础练--选择性必修第4册 UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024江西景德镇三模)
Sometimes it takes a work of art to give the inspiration for advances in science.For example,Elon Musk’s dream of humans living on other planets was first inspired by Isaac Asimov’s Foundation book series.Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.
※Remote control
Frank Herbert’s 1965 novel Dune features a small flying robot device that is piloted remotely,one of the earliest appearances of drones (无人机) in science fiction.With the first permit for commercial drone use in the US given in 2006,drones became a reality,and can now be found taking on multiple roles.They provide new angles for photography,help farmers maintain their crops and are used in the military.Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon,unveiling(公开) a delivery drone back in 2019.
※From thin air
Television show Star Trek,first appearing on screens in 1966,inspired science.One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer.In 2019,researchers at the University of California,Berkeley,US,developed a 3D printer that shapes objects using rays (光线) of light.
They have named the printer the “replicator”,the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration.The device uses light to alter the density (密度) of resin (树脂),changing the material from a liquid to a solid in order to shape the desired object.
※Starting the heart
One of the first sci-fi novels,Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has had a huge impact on science.Earl Bakken,the inventor of the pacemaker (起搏器),a device placed into the chest that helps the heart to pump blood using small electrical impulses (脉冲),was inspired by the 1931 movie adaptation of the book.“What intrigued me the most...was the creative spark of Dr Frankenstein’s electricity,” Bakken told the Atlantic.
1.Why does Jeff Bezos want to use drones
A.To transport packages.
B.To guard military sites.
C.To seed and water crops.
D.To snap breathtaking pictures.
2.What do we know about the 3D printer
A.It came into use in 1966.
B.It is used to print anything.
C.It can change the density of a desired object.
D.It has been named after a device in Star Trek.
3.What is the common feature of the technologies mentioned in the article
A.They are all based on electricity.
B.They are all invented by famous CEOs.
C.They are all brought to life from science fiction.
D.They are all used for commercial and medical purposes.
B(2024山西运城二模)
On February 20th,the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.
“By the time we closed on the 20th,we had received 500 human-written stories and 700 AI-written ones,” said editor-in-chief Neil Clarke.“It was increasing at such a speed that we figured that by the end of the month,we would have doubled the number of articles we normally have.The rate had been growing from previous months,and we were concerned that we had to do something to stop it.”
Worries about AI misuse have frequently appeared in headlines recently,particularly since the launch of ChatGPT in November,2022,which can not only answer a broad range of questions,but also create original poems and stories.
Clarke said magazines like his,which pay contributors for their work,were being targeted by people trying to make quick money.He said that he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles.He also admitted that the humor of his sci-fi magazine being targeted by AI robots is not lost on him.
“You know,our mascot (吉祥物) is a robot.So we see the irony,” he said.“But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people.We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists.We want to make sure that we’re using it right.And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept.”
Clarke said the magazine didn’t know how to deal with the issue,and part of the motivation to speak out was in the hope of finding some solutions.He also said the quality of the AI-written stories was very poor.
4.What’s the matter with the magazine Clarkesworld
A.It will close down forever.
B.It was targeted by AI writers.
C.It stopped paying contributors.
D.It has lost many good authors.
5.What can we infer about other magazines’ attitude to the AI-written stories
A.Disapproving. B.Favorable.
C.Unknown. D.Tolerant.
6.What does Neil Clarke say about science fiction
A.It often intends to find some solutions.
B.It welcomes the existing new technologies.
C.It will accept AI-written stories in the near future.
D.It often tries to warn the dark side of technologies.
7.Where is this text most likely from
A.A notice.
B.A science fiction.
C.A news report.
D.A book review.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分)
(2024河北保定二模)
I often felt there was a lack of ceremony in my life.The ceremony of passage to mark transitions was　8　.Therefore,I was especially 　9　 when a friend invited me to go with him for a hike that would mark his 　10　 entry into elderhood.We would be 　11　 by three other companions.One of them was a wise and gentle elder who would serve as our 　12　.But whether it involved a ceremony or not,an opportunity to walk in the backcountry with people who knew where they were going sounded 　13　 to me,and yes was what I said.
It was a long drive and we started out early,　14　 along mountain roads to a campground at the edge of a wilderness area where we met our guide.We then walked along a gently rising trail.Along the way there was green grass and bursts of colorful 　15　,and we soon got down into a sandy creek bed,which we followed for some time.The wonders of the wilderness 　16　 before us,and every now and then our guide stopped to call our 　17　 to the shift of the environment,instructing us to 　18　 the spirit of attentiveness and gratitude.
Occasionally,he paused to adjust the leg brace (支架) he was wearing to support his knee,but these too were teachable moments.“Getting 　19　 slows us down,” he said,“but when we slow down,we become aware of things.That’s one of the 　20　 of being an elder.We are allowed to slow down and notice.Life may not have so many ceremonies,so we need to 　21　 changes.We should move forward with the right 　22　:being humble,appreciative and positive.”
8.A.happening B.missing
C.developing D.recovering
9.A.curious B.puzzled
C.confident D.excited
10.A.sympathetic B.severe
C.symbolic D.sufficient
11.A.visited B.accompanied
C.persuaded D.accomplished
12.A.guide B.friend
C.teacher D.partner
13.A.unimportant B.ordinary
C.wonderful D.unsuitable
14.A.walking B.climbing
C.jumping D.winding
15.A.wildflowers B.cultures
C.clothes D.houses
16.A.hid B.unfolded
C.disappeared D.stopped
17.A.attraction B.association
C.attention D.accommodation
18.A.forget B.keep
C.break D.change
19.A.lighter B.clever
C.healthier D.older
20.A.gifts B.plans
C.purposes　 D.disadvantages
21.A.wait for B.pay for
C.object to D.adapt to
22.A.attempt B.influence
C.attitude D.function
Ⅲ.语篇填空(每小题1.5分)
(2024浙江台州二模)
Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art—that of “Beijing silk figurine” (北京绢人).In 1997,she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 23.　　　　　　　　 entire year making several figurines,only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost 24.　　　　　　　　(basic) the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and complicated handicraft techniques,” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products,but their price 25.　　　　　　(drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 26.　　　　　　 they needed:finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold 27.　　　　　　　(adaptation) to the traditional figurines,like using machines to paint the clothes.These measures cut the price to less than a tenth of the 28.　　　　　　(origin) one.However,29.　　　　　　　　(lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship,she preserved several handmade processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole-hearted devotion 30. the craft,Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little,dolls 31.　　　　　　　　　　(call) yangwawa,meaning Western dolls,” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls 32.　　　　　　(bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people,figurines with a rich historical implication.”
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻作品中预见并启发现实科技发展的三个案例。
1.A　细节理解题。根据文章※Remote control部分中“Jeff Bezos has even supported the use of drones to deliver packages for his company Amazon,unveiling a delivery drone back in 2019.”可知,Jeff Bezos想使用无人机来运送包裹。
2.D　细节理解题。根据文章※From thin air部分“Television show Star Trek,first appearing on screens in 1966,inspired science.One of the most unexpected examples may be the 3D printer.”及“They have named the printer the ‘replicator’,the same name as the device in the program to show their inspiration.”可知,3D打印机是以《星际迷航》中的一个设备命名的。
3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Let’s explore some of the technologies from science fiction that have been brought to life.”可知,这些技术的共同特征是它们都从科幻小说中得到灵感并被实现。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道介绍了享誉全球的科幻杂志Clarkesworld最近受AI作品的影响,不得不暂停接收新稿件。
4.B　细节理解题。第一段提到“On February 20th,the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.”,由此判断,Clarkesworld是被AI写手逼得不得不暂停接收新稿件。
5.A　推理判断题。第四段提到“He said that he had already spoken to editors of other magazines and that all of them had agreed to stop accepting AI-written articles.”,由此判断,其他杂志对AI生成的作品持否定态度。
6.D　细节理解题。第五段提到“But the thing is that science fiction is often intended to give a warning to people.We don’t celebrate technology just because it exists.We want to make sure that we’re using it right.And there are some significant legal and moral issues around this technology that we’re not ready to accept.”,由此判断,Neil Clarke认为科幻杂志经常试图警告技术的黑暗面。
7.C　推理判断题。第一段“On February 20th,the science fiction magazine Clarkesworld was forced to stop accepting any new articles from writers after it was flooded with AI-written stories.”交代了事情发生的时间,由此判断,这是一篇新闻报道。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者感到生活缺乏仪式感,欣然接受了朋友的邀请,参加一次徒步旅行,象征性地庆祝朋友步入老年。他们一行五人,有一位长者作为向导。旅程中,他们欣赏自然美景,向导教导他们保持专注和感恩。向导还分享了变老带来的智慧,即放慢脚步,更加有意识地生活,适应变化,并以积极的态度面对生活。
8.B　根据上文“I often felt there was a lack of ceremony in my life.”可知,作者觉得生活缺乏仪式感,因此这些仪式是失踪了。
9.D　根据上文“I often felt there was a lack of ceremony in my life.”可知,作者觉得自己的生活缺乏仪式感,再结合下文“when a friend invited me to go with him for a hike that would mark his 　　　entry into elderhood”可知,作者被邀请参加徒步旅行,庆祝朋友步入老年,这是很有仪式感的活动,因此作者会很兴奋。
10.C　根据下文“entry into elderhood”可推知,这次徒步旅行是标志着作者的朋友象征性地步入老年。
11.B　根据下文“by three other companions”可推知,作者和朋友两人是由另外三个同伴陪同的。
12.A　根据下文“where we met our guide”可知,这位长者将作为他们的向导。
13.C　根据下文“yes was what I said”可知,作者欣然答应参加这次徒步旅行,是因为觉得这样的机会很棒。
14.D　根据上文“It was a long drive”可知,他们是开车前往,再结合下文“along mountain roads to a campground at the edge of a wilderness area”可推知,车子是沿着山路蜿蜒到荒野边缘的一个露营地。
15.A　根据上文“Along the way there was green grass and bursts of colorful”可推知,一路上是绿色的草地和五颜六色的野花。
16.B　根据上文“we soon got down into a sandy creek bed,which we followed for some time”可知,他们进入了沙质的河床,在徒步旅行,因此荒野的奇观在他们面前展开。
17.C　根据下文“to the shift of the environment”可推知,环境在变化,向导会提醒大家要注意,固定短语call one’s attention to意为“叫某人注意,提醒某人注意”。
18.B　结合他们在进行徒步旅行的情境,以及下文“the spirit of attentiveness and gratitude”可推知,向导会指示他们在野外保持专注和感恩的精神。
19.D　根据下文“That’s one of the 　　　of being an elder.”可知,慢下来是变老导致的。
20.A　根据上文“but when we slow down,we become aware of things”和下文“We are allowed to slow down and notice.”可知,慢下来让人变得更有意识,更有觉察力,因此这是成为老人的礼物之一。
21.D　根据上文“Life may not have so many ceremonies”可知,生活也许没有那么多仪式,不会很明显地标记不同,再结合下文“changes”可推知,这就需要自己去主动适应变化。
22.C　根据下文“being humble,appreciative and positive”可推知,向导在告诉大家该以正确的态度前进:谦虚、感恩、积极。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。这篇文章详细描述了唐燕放弃有前途的事业,投身于拯救濒临失传的“北京绢人”艺术,并详细介绍了她在创业过程中所遇到的挑战和困难,以及她如何通过创新和改良来降低成本,最终成功创建了自己的“唐娃娃”品牌。
23.an　考查冠词。year是可数名词,句中用的单数,设空前应用不定冠词修饰,表示“一”,entire发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
24.basically　考查词性转换。设空处修饰空前的动词,应该用副词形式,故填basically。
25.drove　考查动词时态。本句是but连接的并列句,根据上文were amazed可知用一般过去时。故填drove。
26.what　考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且意义为“……的事物”,故填what。
27.adaptations　考查名词的数。空前是形容词,所以设空处应填名词作宾语,adaptation意为“改编本”,为可数名词,根据上文的many可知用复数形式。故填adaptations。
28.original　考查形容词。空后是代指名词的one,所以应填形容词作定语,故填original。
29.to lend　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词preserved,所以设空处用非谓语形式,根据句意,此处表目的,用不定式作目的状语。故填to lend。
30.to　考查介词。此处是固定搭配:devotion to献身于。故填to。
31.were called　考查动词时态和语态。设空处作本句谓语,和主语dolls之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,用被动语态,根据上文的was可知用一般过去时。故填were called。
32.bearing　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词wanted,所以设空处用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语doll之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词形式作定语。故填bearing。
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