2026人教版新教材英语高考第一轮同步基础练--选择性必修第4册 UNIT 4　SHARING（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
UNIT 4　SHARING
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024河北秦皇岛部分高中二模)
When 19-year-old Emily Bhatnagar from Maryland,USA,found her father had stage four thyroid (甲状腺) cancer,her response was different from what you might expect.To honor her father,who she also described as her best friend,she decided to start a book drive called For Love and Buttercup,collecting books for kids with cancer.
“It was very much an overnight idea,” she explained.“I posted a message on an app called Nextdoor asking my neighbors to donate used books.I was only expecting a few here and there,but the response was truly incredible and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my grief (悲伤) rather than letting it consume me.”
“It was absolutely heartbreaking to watch my dad go through cancer and see him lose a little bit of himself each day,but the book drive allowed me to develop a new-found sense of purpose intertwined (交织) with a greater sense of compassion to help others in any form.I wanted to help kids.They’ve always held a soft spot in my heart.”
Using tips she earned from working at her parents’ bread shop,Emily bought many books out of her own pocket.In addition,she received donations through her Amazon wishlist,which can be found in the bio (简介) of the book drive online.
Emily and her older brother spent a whole summer driving around town,loading boxes of books into their car.“It was such a privilege to know people had carried these books all their lives through generations,and they wanted to gift it to my cause.”
For Love and Buttercup has donated over 15,000 books to sick children and it is being recognised by The Washington Post,Forbes,The President’s Volunteer Service Award and Lady Gaga’s Born This Way Foundation.
1.What did Emily do knowing her father’s disease
A.She turned to books for help.
B.She tried to help her father recover.
C.She decided to meet her father’s desire.
D.She asked for used book donations online.
2.How did Emily feel about her neighbors’ reaction
A.Inspired.　　 B.Ashamed.
C.Disappointed. D.Puzzled.
3.What do we know about Emily from paragraph 4
A.She grew up in a rich family.
B.She helped in her parents’ shop.
C.Nobody cared about her wishlist.
D.Her parents were not supportive.
4.What can we say about the book drive
A.Unfavorable. B.Money-consuming.
C.Successful. D.Demanding.
B(2024山东实验中学二模)
The words “caring” and “empathetic”(共情的) aren’t ones normally associated with technology.Yearsley,an Australian enterpriser who is expert in artificial intelligence (AI),is trying to change that.
Yearsley is the founder of Akin,a robotics startup that currently uses a tablet-based system to help users manage the tasks related to home life,whether that’s planning meals or reminding you to pay your cell phone bill.Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns,strengthen behaviors and manipulate(操控) buying decisions,some of which,she assumes,are questionable or just unhealthy.
In contrast,the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home,encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk,refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.“It’s the hardest AI I have ever built for it’s a complex system,” Yearsley says.
Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017,when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored.Besides,she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work.A United Nations report estimates that women do 2.6 times the amount of unpaid care and domestic work that men do,or close to 30 hours per week in the U.S.alone.
While Yearsley pictures an army of robots someday helping with routine homemade tasks,the first display for Akin will take time and money.Akin has received some early seed money from a handful of investors,and was recently selected as a finalist for tech giant LG Nova’s Mission for the Future program,an annual challenge that seeks to identify businesses having potential to improve life and lead society into the future.
5.What might the Akin’s AI system suggest
A.Consuming more drinks to enjoy yourself.
B.Staying up late working to make more money.
C.Spending more time staying with your family.
D.Purchasing products that may attract you.
6.What made Yearsley develop the Akin’s AI system
A.The high cost of current home devices.
B.Heavy burden of housewives.
C.Financial support from investors.
D.Akin’s becoming a finalist for a program.
7.What can be used to describe the Akin’s AI system
A.Popular and promising.
B.Stable and secure.
C.Thoughtful and innovative.
D.Mature and ideal.
8.What’s the purpose of the text
A.To introduce a futuristic AI system.
B.To compare two companies’ AI systems.
C.To call on people to care about housewives.
D.To seek support for an AI expert.
C(2025湖南郴州期末)
On a recent afternoon in northern Albania,workers gathered armfuls of freshly-cut plants covered in yellow flowers,leaving them to dry in the sun.This was no ordinary harvest,however.The farm is both a mine,growing plants that store nickel (镍) in their leaves and stems,and a carbon sink,its soil spread with crushed rocks that remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.
The idea of mining with plants isn’t new.But Metalplant is combining this “phytomining (植物采矿)” with a method of removing CO2 from the atmosphere,called enhanced rock weathering,which involves spreading rock dust on fields.This dust can both catch CO2 and increase the nickel picked up by the plants.
Demand for nickel to make electric vehicle (EV) batteries is forecast to double to more than 6 million tonnes (吨) per year by 2040.Yet mining and refining it is environmentally destructive and,depending on where and how it is produced,mining a tonne of nickel generates between 10 and 59 tonnes of CO2.Phytomining for nickel avoids these problems.
However,phytomining only works where there is a lot of the metal in the soil.Albania is attracting interest due to the high nickel content of its soils:the rocks that compose its mountains are made up of a mineral called olivine (橄榄石),which contains too little nickel for conventional mining,but enough to build up in certain plants.
In June,Metalplant workers harvested 3 hectares of O.decipiens (a kind of plant),and this area was then spread with a few dozen tonnes of olivine dust.“Yet the amount of nickel that could feasibly (可行地) be produced is too small to compete with conventional mining,” says Marie Odile Simonot at the University of Lorraine in France.“Any environmental benefit also depends on the way it is done.Expanding phytomining farms on ecologically sensitive land could have the same environmental impacts as any other form of agriculture,for instance.Metalplant’s approach— using olivine dust from a nearby mine—won’t completely replace conventional mining.”
9.What is special about the farm in northern Albania
A.It combines mining with CO2 removal.
B.It grows flowers that are particularly bright.
C.It produces the highest quality nickel in the world.
D.It harvests plants that absorb large amounts of CO2.
10.What role does rock dust play in Metalplant’s approach
A.Improving soil quality.
B.Providing nutrients for the plants.
C.Promoting the plants’ nickel intake.
D.Serving as a protective cover for the soil.
11.What does paragraph 3 mainly want to tell us
A.The great need for nickel.
B.The main reasons for phytomining.
C.The practical application of phytomining.
D.The disadvantages of conventional mining.
12.What’s Marie’s attitude towards phytomining
A.Uncaring.　　 B.Favorable.
C.Tolerant. D.Doubtful.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分)
(2025河南驻马店模拟)
Vitamin D is one of the essential nutrients for the proper functioning of the body.It is popularly known to be the vitamin we can get from the sun.　13　 It can cause serious health problems if not detected in time.
Although many people don’t know it,it is not only a vitamin but also a pro-hormone (激素原).The main difference is that vitamins are essential nutrients,but most of them are not found naturally in our body.　14　
However,vitamin D can be synthesized (合成) in our organism thanks to the rays of the sun affecting our skin.Also,this vitamin is also found in many foods,such as fish,milk,eggs,mushrooms,seafood,livers,and cereals.So it is very easy for us to include it in our diet.The foods rich in vitamin D fulfill a whole range of essential demands in our organism and benefit our health as well.　15　
Lacking vitamin D is extremely common among the population.　16　 Major causes and risk factors are overweight or obesity,ageing,fish and dairy deficit in the diet,having dark skin,living in areas without much sun,abusing the sun protection products and staying indoors for too long.
　17　 Examples include excessive fatigue for no apparent reasons,depression,bone and muscle pain,loss of bone density,rickets in children,hair loss,slow wound healing processes and an increased likelihood of colds and infections.
A.We need to find a balance between them.
B.That is,our body is unable to create them.
C.However,a lack of this nutrient is very common.
D.They can reduce the risk of flu and help bone health.
E.Healthy vitamin D levels are essential for our growth.
F.About one billion people suffer from low levels of this vitamin.
G.Lacking vitamin D can increase the risk of diseases and conditions.
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了来自美国马里兰州的19岁的 Emily Bhatnagar 发现她的父亲已经处于甲状腺癌四期时,决定发起图书捐赠活动,为癌症儿童募集书籍。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“her response was different from what you might expect.To honor her father,who she also described as her best friend,she decided to start a book drive called For Love and Buttercup,collecting books for kids with cancer”可知,发现父亲已经处于甲状腺癌四期时,Emily在网上发起了旧书捐赠活动。
2.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“but the response was truly incredible and it was just the push I needed to co-exist with my grief rather than letting it consume me”可推断,邻居们对 Emily发起的旧书捐赠活动的反应让她受到了鼓舞。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Using tips she earned from working at her parents’ bread shop,Emily bought many books out of her own pocket.”可知,Emily在她父母的面包店帮忙。
4.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断,Emily的图书捐赠活动获得了巨大的成功。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。机器人初创公司Akin的创始人Yearsley正在开发的人工智能系统将为用户带来体贴和人性化的家庭管理服务,使“关怀”和“同理心”不再与技术无关。
5.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“In contrast,the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home,encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk,refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.”可知,Akin的人工智能系统支持与家人一起度过更多时间。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Yearsley began developing the Akin technology in 2017,when she realized the need to better manage the home is hugely ignored.Besides,she realized that women unequally bear the burden of household work.”可知,Yearsley的AI系统研发的因素之一就是家庭主妇和照顾者的沉重负担。
7.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Current home devices made by Google or Amazon or Apple use predictive AI to track patterns,strengthen behaviors and manipulate buying decisions,some of which,she assumes,are questionable or just unhealthy.”和第三段中“In contrast,the AI that she is developing will be designed to run the human home,encouraging healthful decisions such as taking a nightly walk,refilling the fridge and supporting social interactions like lunches or birthday celebrations with friends.”可知,Akin公司的人工智能系统是考虑周到且新颖的。
8.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文的目的是介绍Akin公司的一套未来人工智能系统。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Metalplant公司的增强岩石风化方法,该方法涉及在田地上散布岩尘。这些岩尘既可以捕获二氧化碳,又可以促进植物吸收镍。
9.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The farm is both a mine,growing plants that store nickel in their leaves and stems,and a carbon sink,its soil spread with crushed rocks that remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere.”可知,这个农场的特殊之处在于它将采矿和去除大气中的二氧化碳结合在一起。
10.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This dust can both catch CO2 and increase the nickel picked up by the plants.”可知,岩尘的作用是促进植物吸收镍。
11.B　主旨大意题。根据第三段可知,本段主要介绍了植物采矿的原因:镍的需求量大,现行的开采方式存在的缺点。最后一句总结本段内容,植物采矿可以避免这些问题。由此推断,本段主要介绍采用植物采矿的原因。
12.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Marie说的话可推断,Marie对植物采矿持怀疑态度。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了维生素D的特点和重要性。
13.C　根据上文“Vitamin D is one of the essential nutrients for the proper functioning of the body.It is popularly known to be the vitamin we can get from the sun.”和下文“It can cause serious health problems if not detected in time.”可知,上下文之间存在转折关系,维生素D很重要,但是如果不及时检测,会引起严重的健康问题,说明缺少这种营养素是很常见的。所以C项“然而,缺乏这种营养素是非常常见的”符合语境。
14.B　根据上文“The main difference is that vitamins are essential nutrients,but most of them are not found naturally in our body.”可知,大多数维生素不是天然存在于我们的身体中,也就是说,我们的身体无法创造它们。所以B项“也就是说,我们的身体无法创造它们”符合语境。
15.D　根据上文“The foods rich in vitamin D fulfill a whole range of essential demands in our organism and benefit our health as well.”可知,富含维生素D的食物对我们的健康有益,所以接下来应该说它们的具体益处。所以D项“它们可以降低流感的风险,并有助于骨骼健康”符合语境。
16.F　根据上文“Lacking vitamin D is extremely common among the population.”和下文“Major causes and risk factors are overweight or obesity,ageing,fish and dairy deficit in the diet,having dark skin,living in areas without much sun,abusing the sun protection products and staying indoors for too long.”可知,上文说缺乏维生素D在人群中极为常见,下文列举了缺乏维生素D的原因,所以空白处应该介绍缺乏维生素D的人群数量。所以F项“大约有10亿人患有这种维生素水平低下的情况”符合语境。
17.G　根据下文“Examples include excessive fatigue for no apparent reasons,depression,bone and muscle pain,loss of bone density,rickets in children,hair loss,slow wound healing processes and an increased likelihood of colds and infections.”可知,下文列举了一些疾病和病症,说明缺乏维生素D会增加患这些疾病和病症的风险。所以G项“缺乏维生素D会增加患疾病和病症的风险”符合语境。
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