2026人教版新教材英语高考第一轮同步基础练--选择性必修第1册 UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024浙江宁波二模)
Laughter comes in many forms,from a polite chuckle to an infectious howl of amusement.Scientists are now developing an AI system that can copy various forms of laughter accurately.The team behind the laughing robot,Erica,say that the system could improve natural conversations between people and AI systems.
Dr.Koji Inoue,lead author of the research from Kyoto University,highlights empathy (共情) as a crucial aspect of conversational AI,suggesting laughter sharing as a means for robots to connect with users.To achieve this,Inoue and his team gathered data from over 80 speed-dating dialogues between male students and Erica,initially operated by amateur actors.
Dialogue data labeled for individual,social,and joyful laughter was used to train an AI system to identify and produce fitting laughter responses.Based on the audio files,the algorithm (算法) learned their subtle differences,aiming to imitate social laughs subtly and hearty laughs empathetically.
“Our biggest challenge in this work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter,” explained Inoue,emphasizing the need for careful categorization.Erica’s “sense of humor” was tested with four dialogues,integrating the new shared-laughter algorithm.These were compared to cases where Erica didn’t laugh or emitted social laughs upon detecting laughter.
The clips were played to 130 volunteers who rated the shared-laughter algorithm highly for empathy and naturalness.The team believed laughter could imbue robots with unique character traits,including conversational behaviors like laughter,eye gaze,gestures,and speaking style.However,Inoue acknowledged it could take over 20 years to have a “casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend.”
Professor Sandra Wachter,of the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford,said,“One of the things I’d keep in mind is that a robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you.It doesn’t understand the meaning of laughter.They fail to feel,but they might get very good at making you believe they understand what’s going on.”
1.Why do scientists develop the AI system that can copy various forms of laughter
A.To make robots sound more human-like.
B.To help robots understand human emotions better.
C.To enable robots to have a sense of humor like humans.
D.To enhance the emotional interaction between people and AI systems.
2.What was the challenge Inoue faced while working on this project
A.Creating an algorithm that can genuinely feel amusement.
B.Identifying the situations where laughter is truly understood.
C.Distinguishing between different types of laughter accurately.
D.Collecting sufficient data for training the machine learning system.
3.What does the underlined word “imbue” mean in paragraph 5
A.Equip.　　　 B.Inspire.
C.Engage. D.Influence.
4.What is Professor Sandra Wachter’s view on laughing robots
A.They are not capable of capturing human laughter.
B.They can imitate laughter but lack thorough comprehension.
C.It is possible for them to play tricks on humans occasionally.
D.It will take long before humans have comfortable conversations with them.
B(2024河北保定一模)
Politicians,business bosses,and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands,but does the habit influence how others interpret those words To get to the bottom of it,a team of researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics conducted a series of experiments on volunteers who viewed videos of people speaking with and without hand movements.
After showing the volunteers videos of people speaking under different conditions,the researchers asked them questions about what they had heard.Some conditions involved the speaker stressing different parts of words in a sentence.Other conditions involved the speaker making various types of hand gestures,such as pointing and sweeping movements.The team recorded the volunteers as they viewed the video recordings,questioning the volunteers afterward about what they had seen and heard.
Researchers found that the volunteers were more affected by syllables (音节) spoken with the conjunction of hand gestures:In 20 percent of the cases,the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.Interestingly,however,volunteers were 40 percent more likely to hear the wrong sound when a mismatch between the word spoken and the hand gesture occurred.
Body language expert Carol Goman said,“Studies have found that speaking with your hands really can change the view of your character.People who communicate through active gesturing tend to be considered warm,agreeable,and energetic,while those who remain still are seen as logical,cold,and analytic.In fact,a 2015 study that studied TED Talks,which posts international talks online,found that the most popular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least popular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an important part of in-person communication that have a direct impact on what the listener hears.Furthermore,they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up.
5.What’s the researchers’ purpose of doing the experiments
A.To examine the volunteers’ interpreting skills.
B.To test the effect hand gestures have on speaking.
C.To record the volunteers’ questions for the speaker.
D.To confirm the influence hand movements have on leaders.
6.What did the researchers find in the experiments
A.Hand movements affected what the listener heard.
B.The speaker stressed different parts of words in a sentence.
C.People speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D.The most popular speakers used more gestures than the least popular speakers did.
7.What does the underlined word “conjunction” mean in paragraph 3
A.Assistance. B.Combination.
C.Disturbance. D.Interpretation.
8.What may the researchers agree with
A.Gestures can influence others’ views on one’s personality.
B.Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C.In-person communication helps interpret gestures.
D.Responses to gestures are learning behavior.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分)
(2024山东青岛三模)
On a hot summer day when I was 13,I was bored in my attic (阁楼) bedroom.Thinking about how to 　9　 that boredom,I leaned (斜靠) sideways,and my hand landed on a floorboard,which 　10　 up and almost hit me in the head.
When I looked inside the open space　11　,there was something like a book.I 　12　 it out.It was old and small:Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations.I wondered whom these quotations were supposed to be 　13　 to,because I’d never heard of this book.And since I was 　14　,I decided to see what was inside the book.I started to 　15　the pages,reading about different 　16　.I learned about comfort,hope,love and even loneliness.
I began spending all my free time reading Bartlett’s.It felt like a new world　17　before me.I learned about different quotes and phrases,and I got to 　18　 how language could be used to 　19　 complex emotions.I also realized how those emotions I’d felt while reading Bartlett’s became 　20　 in the characters I encountered in novels.
When I went to college,Bartlett’s came with me.Over the years,I’ve kept my　21　 copy,which I still often refer to.I’ve bought a few of the newer 　22　,but the first one is the one that 　23　 me,that helped me escape from the boredom,and see more than my young mind and heart could understand.
9.A.relieve B.knock
C.experience D.defend
10.A.picked B.turned
C.popped D.came
11.A.curiously B.patiently
C.aimlessly D.secretly
12.A.let B.pulled
C.reached D.kicked
13.A.challenging B.familiar
C.important D.acceptable
14.A.tired B.angry
C.busy D.bored
15.A.leaf through B.check over
C.look for D.tear off
16.A.cultures B.emotions
C.themes D.lessons
17.A.changing B.marching
C.unfolding D.passing
18.A.mess B.grasp
C.expect D.question
19.A.identify B.hide
C.control D.express
20.A.alive B.misty
C.mixed D.weak
21.A.original B.special
C.handheld D.complete
22.A.works B.styles
C.products D.editions
23.A.shocked B.sheltered
C.liberated D.defined
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分)
(2024山东泰安一模)
Every day,thousands of tourists from around the world plan their trips to the Great Wall of China.
Despite the wall’s 5,500-odd miles,24.　　　　　(spread) from east to west across the country,most travelers find 25.　　　　　　(them) at either the Badaling or Mutianyu sections,the two areas closest to Beijing.These visitors rise early from their downtown hotels,pack themselves into buses and wait in long queues 26.　　　　　　(see) the magnificent structures that consist of the Great Wall.
But what if there was another way
An hour-long drive north of the 27.　　　　　(crowd) capital is Commune by the Great Wall,a popular weekend getaway for Beijingers 28.　　　　　 a series of modern buildings consist of a luxury hotel,with award-winning design among yellow-leaved gingko trees.It is not only the rural surroundings 29. attract travelers to the town of Yangqing.Beyond the usual services — an expansive breakfast buffet and cozy bed sheets — Commune by the Great Wall 30.　　　　　　(provide) a rare opportunity to simply walk to the Wall.Just 20 minutes by foot from the hotel reception 31.(be) the Shuiguan section of the wall.
Commune by the Great Wall won 32.　　　　　 special praise at the Venice Architecture Biennale in 2002,the year the 12 core buildings 33.　　　　　(complete).
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。
1.D　推理判断题。由文章第一段中“The team behind the laughing robot,Erica,say that the system could improve natural conversations between people and AI systems.”可知,科学家开发了一种可以复制各种笑声的人工智能系统,以增强人与人工智能系统之间的情感互动。
2.B　推理判断题。由文章第四段“‘Our biggest challenge in this work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter,’...detecting laughter.”可知,Inoue在这个项目中面临的挑战是确定笑声的情况是否被真正理解。
3.A　词句猜测题。由文章第五段中“The team believed laughter could imbue robots with unique character traits,including conversational behaviors like laughter,eye gaze,gestures,and speaking style.”可知,这里表示笑声可以赋予机器人独特的性格特征,所以猜测imbue表示“使……具备”。
4.B　推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“One of the things I’d keep in mind is that a robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you.It doesn’t understand the meaning of laughter.They fail to feel,but they might get very good at making you believe they understand what’s going on.”可知,Sandra Wachter认为会笑的机器人可以模仿笑声,但缺乏全面的理解能力。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现,在谈话中使用或不使用手势会对听众产生很大影响。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Politicians,business bosses,and other types of leaders indeed tend to like speaking with their hands...without hand movements.”可知,研究人员做实验的目的是测试手势对说话的影响。
6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 20 percent of the cases,the viewers were more likely to have heard...occurred.”可知,研究人员在实验中发现手的动作会影响听者听到的内容。
7.B　词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In 20 percent of the cases,the viewers were more likely to have heard and interpreted the word spoken with a hand gesture.”可知,此处是指志愿者更容易受到与手势相结合的音节的影响,所以conjunction意为“结合”。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Furthermore,they suggest that our responses to hand gestures may be something we learn as we grow up.”可知,研究人员可能认同“对手势的反应是一种学习行为”的观点。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是作者无意中发现的一本书,给作者打开了一个新的世界,也影响了作者的一生。
9.A　根据上文中的“On a hot summer day when I was 13,I was bored in my attic bedroom.”可知,作者在一个炎热的夏天感到有些无聊,结合下文中的“I leaned sideways”可知,作者侧身斜靠着,应该是为了“缓解”这种无聊,符合语境。
10.C　根据上文中的“my hand landed on a floorboard”可知,作者的手落到地板上,结合下文中的“and almost hit me in the head”可知,地板差点撞到作者的头,由此可知,此处应为地板“突然弹起”符合语境,pop up意为“弹起”。
11.A　根据语境和上文中的“When I looked inside the open space”可知,作者应是“好奇地”向里面看。
12.B　根据上文中的“there was something like a book”可知,作者看到里面有一本像书一样的东西,所以,此处指的是作者把书从地板下面“拉”出来。
13.B　根据下文中的“because I’d never heard of this book”可知,作者自己从未听说过这本书,所以想知道谁“熟悉”这些语录。
14.D　根据下文中的“I decided to see what was inside the book”可知,此处应为“无聊”符合逻辑。
15.A　根据下文中的“reading about different 　　　”以及“I learned about comfort,hope,love and even loneliness.”可知,此处指作者开始“翻阅”书籍。故选A项。
16.B　根据下文中的“I learned about comfort,hope,love and even loneliness.”可知,作者在读书的时候,了解到了很多与情绪相关的知识。故选B项。
17.C　根据下文中的“I learned about different quotes and phrases,and I got to 　　　how language could be used to 　　　complex emotions.”可知,作者通过阅读巴特利特的书,学到了很多不同的引语和短语等,此处指的是这本书为作者“打开”了一个新的世界。
18.B　根据上文中的“It felt like a new world 　　　before me.I learned about different quotes and phrases”可知,这本书为作者打开了一个新世界,作者从中学到了很多不同的引语和短语,此处讲述的仍是作者在这本书中的收获,所以此处为“掌握”。
19.D　根据上文中的“I learned about different quotes and phrases”以及下文中的“I also realized how those emotions I’d felt while reading Bartlett’s became 　　　in the characters I encountered in novels.”可知,此处讲述的是作者学会了如何“表达”复杂感情。
20.A　此处指的是作者受阅读巴特利特的作品里描述的不同情感内容的影响,能感受到那些情感是如何在他小说的人物身上变得“生动”的。
21.A　根据上文中的“When I went to college,Bartlett’s came with me.”可知,作者始终保存着巴特利特的作品,结合下文中的“which I still often refer to”可知,作者经常用保存的巴特利特的作品来作为参考,所以此处指的是作者保存的“原始的”版本。
22.D　根据上文中的“I’ve bought a few of the newer”以及下文中的“but the first one is the one”可知,此处指的是作者拿新买的“版本”与最早保存的那本巴特利特的作品作比较,来说明第一版对作者的影响深远。
23.C　根据下文可知,第一本巴特利特的作品让作者摆脱了无聊,看到了年轻的头脑和心灵无法理解的东西,此处指的是第一本巴特利特的作品“解放”了作者。故选C项。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了长城脚下的公社,这是北京人周末度假的好去处,这里有一系列现代建筑,包括一家豪华酒店,设计屡获殊荣,坐落在黄叶银杏树之间。
24.spreading　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,spread与逻辑主语the wall’s 5,500-odd miles构成主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作状语。故填spreading。
25.themselves　考查代词。此处指发现“他们自己”应用反身代词。故填themselves。
26.to see　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to see。
27.crowded　考查词性转换。修饰名词capital应用形容词,故填crowded。
28.where　考查定语从句。此处为定语从句,空处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
29.that　考查强调句。此处是强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他,本句强调事物,故填that。
30.provides　考查动词的时态。陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为单数,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填provides。
31.is　考查主谓一致。此处为倒装句,且陈述事实用一般现在时,主语为the Shuiguan section of the wall,谓语用单数。故填is。
32.a　考查冠词。此处praise为泛指,且special是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
33.were completed　考查动词的时态和语态。主语与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文“in 2002,the year”可知,为一般过去时的被动语态,主语为the 12 core buildings,谓语用复数。故填were completed。
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