2026人教版新教材英语高考第一轮同步基础练--选择性必修第2册 UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES（含答案与解析）

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UNIT 2　BRIDGING CULTURES
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024湖南娄底三模)
In ancient Maya civilization,cacao — which chocolate is made from — wasn’t just for the elites (精英).Traces of the sacred plant show up in antiques from all types of neighborhoods and in and around a former Maya city,researchers report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The finding suggests that,contrary to previous thinking,cacao was consumed at every social level of Maya society.
“Now we know that the ceremonies with cacao were likely played out by everyone,” says Anabel Ford,an archaeologist at the University of California,Santa Barbara.Cacao was sacred to the ancient Maya,consumed in ceremonies and used as a currency.The cacao tree itself was linked to Hun Hunahpu,a Mayan god.Previous research found cacao in burials (墓地),suggesting that its use was restricted to those at the top.
To explore the extent to which cacao was used in broader Maya society,Ford and colleagues examined 54 antiques dating from 600 CE to 900 CE.The antiques come from jars,mixing bowls,serving plates and vases thought to be drinking vessels.All the pieces were found in residential and ceremonial civic areas of varying size and status from city centers,foothills,upland areas and the valley around the former Maya city of El Pilar,on the present-day border of Guatemala and Belize.
To identify cacao,the researchers searched for theophylline,a compound found in trace amounts in the plant.The team found the compound on more than half of the samples,on all types of antiques and distributed throughout social contexts.
Future research will move beyond who consumed cacao and explore the role of farmers in managing the critical resource.“A better question is to understand who grew it,” Ford says,because those people probably had greater access to the valuable commodity.
1.What do traces of cacao found in Mayan antiques indicate
A.Cacao was once unique to Maya society.
B.Cacao was only available to wealthy Mayan people.
C.Cacao was accessible to Mayan ordinary people.
D.Cacao left more traces in the Mayan city center.
2.What can we learn from the first two paragraphs
A.There is no need to do further research on cacao.
B.Mayan people liked eating chocolate very much.
C.Mayan festivals were the same as those of the modern times.
D.There were some limitations in previous research on cacao.
3.Why did Ford and his colleagues examine 54 antiques
A.To make copies of Mayan antiques.
B.To learn about Mayan eating habits.
C.To find out cacao’s relationship with the religion.
D.To know about Mayan social groups of cacao use.
4.Which of the following will be the focus of the research on cacao
A.The varieties of cacao.
B.Ways cacao was spread out.
C.Cacao tree growers.
D.The cacao’s value.
B(2024广东深圳二模)
In shallow coastal waters of the Indian ocean,the Dugong,a kind of sea cow,is in trouble.Environmental problems pose such a major threat to its survival that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) upgraded the species’ extinction risk status(地位)to vulnerable (脆弱的).
Much worse,Dugongs are at risk of losing the protection of the Torres Strait Islanders,who have looked after them historically,hunting them for food sustainably and monitoring their numbers.These native people keep their biodiversity,and have deep knowledge about their environment.But these people are also threatened,in part because rising sea levels are making it difficult for them to live there.
This situation isn’t unique to Dugongs.A global analysis of 385 culturally important plant and animal species found 68 percent were both biologically vulnerable and at risk of losing their cultural protection.
The findings clearly illustrate that biology shouldn’t be the primary factor in shaping conservation policy,says anthropologist Victoria Reyes-García.When a culture declines,the species that are important to that culture are also threatened.“Lots of conservationists think we need to separate people from nature,” says Reyes-García.“But that strategy misses the caring relationship many cultural groups have with nature.”
One way to help shift conservation efforts is to give species a “bio-cultural status”,which would provide a fuller picture of their vulnerability.In the study,the team used a new way to determine a species’ risk of disappearing:the more a cultural group’s language use declines,the more that culture is threatened.The more a culture is threatened,the more culturally vulnerable its important species are.Researchers then combined a species’ cultural and biological vulnerability to arrive at its bio-cultural status.In the Dugong’s case,its bio-cultural status is endangered,meaning it is more at risk than its IUCN categorization suggests.
This new approach to conservation involves people that have historically cared for them.It can highlight when communities need support to continue their care.Scientists hope it will bring more efforts that recognize local communities’ rights and encourage their participation—taking advantage of humans’ connection with nature instead of creating more separation.
5.What is the relationship between the native people and Dugongs
A.The native people help conserve Dugongs.
B.The native people train Dugongs to survive.
C.Dugongs ruin the native people’s environment.
D.Dugongs force the native people to leave home.
6.Which statement will Reyes-García probably agree with
A.The protection policy is used incorrectly.
B.Culture is connected to species’ existence.
C.Many groups take good care of each other.
D.Conservationists prefer nature over people.
7.How is the study method different from previous ones
A.It involves more preservation efforts.
B.It relies on the IUCN’s classification.
C.It highlights the effect of human languages.
D.It assesses the biological influence of a species.
8.What is the author’s attitude towards the latest approach
A.Conservative. B.Favourable.
C.Critical. D.Ambiguous.
C(2025浙江嘉兴模拟)
Most people in the Netherlands are convinced that their consumption patterns affect the environment.Many of them are looking for ways to reduce their footprint.However,the reality is more complicated,according to a research by Leiden PhD candidate Levon Amatuni,who studied car sharing and the reuse of phones.He used his background in computer science and mathematics to model and measure the benefits of such practices.
His research shows users of car-sharing platforms reduce their impact by only 3 to 18 percent — much less than 51 or 37 percent claimed in previous research.This is caused by so-called “rebound effects”,which are rarely accounted for by companies or even researchers.
For example,shared vehicles are replaced with new models more frequently than private cars.Additionally,the introduction of sharing schemes (方案) can encourage people to drive when they would have otherwise taken public transport.These rebound effects turn out to be highly influential.Amatuni also found users of sharing platforms don’t significantly reduce their driving.“And if they do,they often take buses and trains,which aren’t emission-free,” he says.While public transport is usually a better option,its impact is not negligible.So,this data must be included to make an accurate assessment.
Similarly,Amatuni discovered that a second-hand phone only offsets (抵消) about one-third of a new phone’s production.Rebound effects are the cause.If people couldn’t sell their old devices,they would use them for longer.
In other words,reuse both extends the lifetime of a device — by giving it a new owner — but also shortens it,as people tend to sell their newly bought devices sooner.
Amatuni doesn’t want people to conclude taking small steps towards sustainability is pointless.“Our intentions are still what’s most important,” he says,“but meanwhile,people need to realise there’re no easy fixes.” He recommends prioritising overall consumption reduction rather than continuing current habits while trying to make them more efficient.
9.What is the focus of Amatuni’s research
A.The ways of reducing people’s footprint.
B.The benefits of car sharing and phone reuse.
C.The damage of public transport to the environment.
D.The knowledge of computer science and mathematics.
10.What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Small. B.Permanent.
C.Direct. D.Immediate.
11.Which of the following represents a phone rebound effect
A.Buying new phones often.
B.Keeping old phones in use.
C.Taking care of new phones.
D.Selling used phones cheaply.
12.What is Amatuni’s suggestion on promoting sustainability
A.Stop eco-friendly habits.
B.Increase production efficiency.
C.Reduce total resource use.
D.Seek easy solutions to eco-crisis.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分)
(2024东北三省三校三模)
Certain Chinese cuisines,such as the well-known Roasted Duck from Beijing or the delicious Tianjin-style Pancakes,might appear commonplace to the Chinese,but they have gained global recognition.The appeal of these delicacies is deeply rooted in vast geographical diversity.
Stretching from the extremely cold northern plains to the southern rainforests,different regions have their unique ingredients and cooking techniques.　13　,commonly referred to as the Eight Major Cuisines of China.These include the rich and flavor-packed dishes of Sichuan,the delicate and varied tastes of Guangdong,the mouth-watering and hearty foods of Shandong,and the spicy and sour flavors of Hunan,among others.
Climate plays a crucial role in shaping regional cuisines.In Sichuan,for example,the hot and wet climate,coupled with the region’s mountainous physical geography,has led to a preference for spicy foods,like Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce or Spicy Chicken.The spicy flavors add appetite to dishes.In addition,　14　.The unique conditions of the Sichuan Basin,with its low-lying land and difficulty in losing heat through evaporation (蒸发),contribute to this preference.
One of the most noteworthy contrasts between southern and northern Chinese cuisines lies in the employment of ingredients.Southern dishes tend to be lighter and more delicate,featuring seafood,vegetables,and rice.In contrast,　15　.They have a wealth of wheat-based dishes like noodles and dumplings.
　16　,regardless of their differences.Dishes are attentively cooked to stimulate the senses and promote a sense of pleasure.The use of fresh,seasonal ingredients,along with the close attention to details in preparation and presentation,defines Chinese cuisine.
Another important aspect of Chinese dining culture is the significance of table manners.Meals are often shared among family and friends,with each person taking turns to serve and pour.Chopsticks,rather than forks or knives,are preferred,symbolizing closeness and familiarity.The act of eating together goes beyond food alone.　17　.
A.northern cuisines are heavier and more hearty
B.they serve to warm up and remove dampness from the body
C.This diversity comes down to its geographical and climatic conditions
D.The Chinese people have for centuries crafted varieties of delicious dishes
E.This geographical diversity has given birth to eight major cooking traditions
F.That is to say,it represents a sense of community and the strength of bonds
G.Chinese cuisines share emphasis on the perfect harmony of color,flavor and taste
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员在一座昔日的玛雅城市及其周边的各种类型的社区的文物中都发现了可可的踪迹,这一发现表明,玛雅社会的各个阶层都在食用可可。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In ancient Maya civilization,cacao — which chocolate is made from — wasn’t just for the elites.”和最后一句“The finding suggests that,contrary to previous thinking,cacao was consumed at every social level of Maya society.”可知,在玛雅文物中发现的可可的踪迹表明,玛雅社会的各个阶层都可以食用可可。
2.D　推理判断题。通读前两段,结合第二段中“Now we know that the ceremonies with cacao were likely played out by everyone”和“Previous research found cacao in burials,suggesting that its use was restricted to those at the top.”可知,当前的发现表明,过去在仪式上,每个人都可以食用可可,而以前的研究表明,只有玛雅的上层社会才可以食用可可,由此可推知,以前的研究是有局限性的。
3.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“To explore the extent to which cacao was used in broader Maya society,Ford and colleagues examined 54 antiques dating from 600 CE to 900 CE.”可知,Ford和他的同事们检查54件文物是为了探究可可在玛雅社会中的使用范围。
4.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Future research will move beyond who consumed cacao and explore the role of farmers in managing the critical resource.‘A better question is to understand who grew it’”可知,可可树的种植者会是未来关于可可的研究的重点。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过海牛Dugong的例子讲述了文化与物种生存的内在关联。
5.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“Much worse,Dugongs are at risk of losing the protection of the Torres Strait Islanders,who have looked after them historically,hunting them for food sustainably and monitoring their numbers.These native people keep their biodiversity,and have deep knowledge about their environment.”可知,当地人与Dugongs的关系是当地人帮助保护Dugongs。
6.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“When a culture declines,the species that are important to that culture are also threatened.”可知,Reyes-García可能会同意“文化与物种的生存息息相关”。
7.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“In the study,the team used a new way...and biological vulnerability to arrive at its bio-cultural status.”可知,与以前的学习方法相比,现在的研究方法突出了人类语言的影响。
8.B　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的“This new approach to conservation involves people that have historically cared for them.It can highlight when communities need support to continue their care.”可知,作者赞成最新的方法。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是莱顿大学博士生Levon Amatuni对汽车共享和手机再利用的研究,揭示了这些环保行为的实际效益远低于预期,并探讨了背后复杂的“反弹效应”及其对环境影响的真实情况。
9.B　细节理解题。根据第二段“His research shows users of car-sharing platforms reduce their impact by only 3 to 18 percent—much less than 51 or 37 percent claimed in previous research.This is caused by so-called ‘rebound effects’,which are rarely accounted for by companies or even researchers.”可知,Amatuni的研究重点是汽车共享和手机重复使用的好处。
10.A　词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“they often take buses and trains,which aren’t emission-free”和“this data must be included to make an accurate assessment”可知,公共交通的影响并不是微不足道的,negligible的意思是“微不足道的”,和small意思相近。
11.A　细节理解题。根据第四段“Similarly,Amatuni discovered that a second-hand phone only offsets about one-third of a new phone’s production.Rebound effects are the cause.If people couldn’t sell their old devices,they would use them for longer.”可知,经常买新手机是一种手机的反弹效应。
12.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He recommends prioritising overall consumption reduction rather than continuing current habits while trying to make them more efficient.”可知,Amatuni对促进可持续发展的建议是减少总资源使用。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过分析中国不同地区的气候、地理条件以及饮食习惯,展示了中国饮食的多样性和独特性。
13.E　根据下文“commonly referred to as the Eight Major Cuisines of China”可知,文章提到了中国八大菜系,这与E项中的eight major cooking traditions相呼应,表明中国饮食的多样性源于其地理和气候条件,因此选择E项。
14.B　根据上文“Climate plays a crucial role in shaping...The spicy flavors add appetite to dishes.”可知,四川地区由于湿热气候和多山的地理特征,人们偏爱辛辣食物,辛辣食物能增加食欲。B项中的“warm up and remove dampness from the body”与上文提到的气候特征和辛辣食物的作用相一致。
15.A　根据上文“One of the most noteworthy contrasts...”可知,南方菜肴倾向于更清淡、更精致,主要以海鲜、蔬菜和米饭为特色。与此相对的,北方菜肴则更重口味、更丰盛。A项中的“northern cuisines are heavier and more hearty”与上文描述的北方菜肴特点相符。
16.G　根据下文“Dishes are attentively cooked to stimulate...defines Chinese cuisine.”可知,中国菜肴无论差异如何,都注重精心烹饪以激发感官和愉悦感。G项与上文所述的中国菜肴的烹饪理念相吻合。
17.F　根据上文“Meals are often shared among family and friends...The act of eating together goes beyond food alone.”可知,本段强调了共享食物的文化,以及筷子的使用象征着亲近和熟悉。F项中的“represents a sense of community and the strength of bonds”与上文提到的共享食物和筷子使用的文化意义相一致。
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