2026人教版新教材英语高考第一轮同步基础练--选择性必修第2册 UNIT 5 FIRST AID

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
UNIT 5　FIRST AID
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024河北邯郸一模)
There have been a few times in my life when I felt very lonely.I particularly remember my loneliness when I moved to New York City.I had a couple of friends in the city.Still,it was a time in my life when I needed to put forth some effort to form more meaningful relationships.But the more I went out to parties,the more disconnected and lonely I felt.Feeling lonely in a room full of people,or in my case,a whole city packed with people everywhere,was the loneliest I have ever felt.
So,rather than trying a new way to make friends,I was more likely to ignore phone calls from friends,and I looked at social invitations and opportunities to meet new people as drudgery.Looking back on this period of loneliness,I wonder at the way I isolated myself instead of reaching out to those who were willing to keep me company and offer friendship.
What I have learned from my own experience and the experience of many of my friends is that more often than not,those who feel lonely choose isolation.Indeed many of my own friends describe avoiding social life as a way of dealing with feelings of loneliness.
This behavior is somewhat common,and new research takes a big step towards explaining this behavior.According to leading experts on the loneliness,Stephanie and John Cacioppo,there is an evolutionary explanation for this tendency to isolate when we are feeling lonely.By monitoring lonely people’s brainwaves,they found that lonely people tend to respond negatively to social life.“Loneliness causes some brain-related changes that put us into a socially nervous mode,” Dr.Christian Jarrett explains.
Making ourselves aware of this evolutionary natural tendency could actually be the first step in fighting loneliness.Once we know that we are more sensitive to negativity during lonely spells,we can focus our energy on resisting the desire to put up walls.
1.What happened to the author after she moved to New York City
A.She had no friends there.
B.She lacked confidence there.
C.She needed opportunities for parties.
D.She felt lonely even with people present.
2.How did the author try to deal with her situation
A.By refusing to go out to meet others.
B.By looking for solutions on the Internet.
C.By trying various methods to make friends.
D.By doing some drudgery to forget her problem.
3.What did Stephanie and John Cacioppo find in their research
A.Lonely people tend to disgust social life.
B.People respond negatively to lonely people.
C.Loneliness can do great harm to people’s health.
D.Loneliness can be caused by a socially nervous mode.
4.What does the author most probably want to show in the text
A.We shouldn’t be influenced by negativity.
B.We shouldn’t choose isolation when we feel lonely.
C.We should make friends based on scientific findings.
D.We should spend more time with friends than relatives.
B(2024湖南邵阳二模)
If you’ve ever emerged from the shower or returned from walking your dog with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you’d been struggling with,it may not be an unusual thing.
Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration,research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs or insights when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought — an activity in which you’re basically on autopilot.This lets your mind wander or engage in spontaneous cognition or “stream of consciousness” thinking,which experts believe helps recollect unusual memories and generate new ideas.
“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting,novel ideas at unexpected times because our cultural narrative tells us we should do it through hard work,” says Kalina Christoff,a cognitive neuroscientist at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.“It’s a pretty universal human experience.”
Now we’re beginning to understand why these clever thoughts occur during more passive activities and what’s happening in the brain,says Christoff.The key,according to the latest research,is a pattern of brain activity — within what’s called the default mode network — that occurs while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.
Researchers have shown that the default mode network (DMN) — which connects more than a dozen regions of the brain — becomes more active during mind-wandering or passive tasks than when you’re doing something that demands focus.Simply put,the DMN is “the state the brain returns to when you’re not actively engaged,” explains Roger Beaty,a cognitive neuroscientist and director of the Cognitive Neuroscience of Creativity Lab at Penn State University.By contrast,when you’re trapped in a demanding task,the brain’s executive control systems keep your thinking focused,analytical,and logical.
A cautionary note:While the default mode network plays a key role in the creative process,“it’s not the only important network,”Beaty says.“Other networks come into play as far as modifying,rejecting,or implementing ideas.” So it’s unwise to place blind faith in ideas that are generated in the shower or during any other period of mind wandering.
5.When do people expect to get an innovative idea according to the research
A.When doing routine work.
B.When working attentively.
C.When tackling tough problems.
D.When desperately seeking inspirations.
6.What is the cultural perception for getting exciting,unusual ideas
A.Getting by good luck.
B.Getting by great efforts.
C.Getting by unexpected accident.
D.Getting by universal experience.
7.Who is most likely to get a novel idea
A.A student who is playing football.
B.A student who is focusing on papers.
C.A student who is closely monitoring his research.
D.A student who is fully engaged in math questions.
8.What does the last paragraph imply
A.We can get novel ideas by the default mode network.
B.We should take the idea popped in the shower seriously.
C.Believe in ideas that are generated by the default mode network.
D.Think twice before putting ideas playfully crossing your mind into practice.
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分)
(2024河北保定一模)
In my childhood,my family struggled to make ends meet.With three children to feed,my father worked as a janitor(看门人) and farmed our small field until dark.Despite our　9　difficulties,my parents always did their best to　10　for us.
One day,Mrs.Harper,my headteacher,brought a box of toys to school to give to 　11　children.Everyone was　12　to contribute some of their own toys,but I hardly had any toys of my own.Glued to the toys in the box,my　13　got wide with excitement.Mrs.Harper　14　my expression and allowed me to choose two toys for myself.I was so　15　feeling like the luckiest girl in the world.
Upon my arrival at home,I couldn’t wait to　16　them to my mother.But she gently explained that I couldn’t　17　the toys because there were many other children who were less　18　than us.Although I was　19　,I was proud to　20　them to the box because they were for those who needed them more.
Despite our financial struggles,my mother taught me to see myself　21　and make me believe that we were rich in　22　.My mother’s　23　has remained a constant source of inspiration,reminding me of the importance of empathy(同感能力),generosity,and sympathy.
9.A.various　　 B.severe
C.financial D.social
10.A.work B.look
C.pay D.provide
11.A.poor B.lonely
C.sick D.hungry
12.A.brought up B.called on
C.cheered up D.sent out
13.A.mouth B.heart
C.eyes D.hands
14.A.confirmed B.noticed
C.imagined D.respected
15.A.grateful B.hopeful
C.proud D.surprised
16.A.give B.describe
C.explain D.show
17.A.keep B.receive
C.hide D.fetch
18.A.capable B.fortunate
C.positive D.successful
19.A.worried B.angry
C.confused D.disappointed
20.A.donate B.return
C.present D.bring
21.A.patiently B.completely
C.differently D.honestly
22.A.faith B.imagination
C.creativity D.love
23.A.expectation B.experience
C.lesson D.gift
Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分)
(2024福建福州一模)
You enter through a round entrance known as a moon gate.There before you,is a 24.　　　　　　(cover) passage made of red wood,leading you past a walled courtyard.Along the edges of the courtyard are piles of rocks,among which 25.　　　　　　(grow) bamboo.The whole scene is like a painting;26.　　　　　 every step you take,another part of the painting is unrolled.
27.　　　　　　　　　　(step) into the courtyard,you look over the scene.Latticed(格子状的) windows in the walls reveal yet more bamboo,suggesting that the courtyard is just one part of a 28.(large)garden.At the far end of the courtyard is a room with wooden chairs,29. windows that create frames for the scene of 30.　　　　　　　(strange)shaped rocks beyond them,just like Chinese ink-wash paintings.This little courtyard is 31.　　　　　　 picture of the classic Chinese concept of peace and beauty.Yet,you are not in China,but a copy of Chinese garden.The Astor Chinese Garden Court 32.　　　　　　　　　　(create)by a team of 26 Chinese craftsmen in 1981,and it represented the first permanent cultural exchange between America and China.The courtyard is a place of rest for a museum 33.　　　　　　(visit).As a museum piece in and of itself,the garden gives a wonderful view of ancient China.
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。尽管我们在感到孤独的时候对社交活动会产生抵触,但应该尽量避免这样做。
1.D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Feeling lonely in a room full of people,or in my case,a whole city packed with people everywhere,was the loneliest I have ever felt.”可知,作者发现自己即使跟很多人在一起时仍然感到孤独。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段“So,rather than trying a new way to make friends,I was more likely to ignore phone calls from friends,and I looked at social invitations and opportunities to meet new people as drudgery.Looking back on this period of loneliness,I wonder at the way I isolated myself instead of reaching out to those who were willing to keep me company and offer friendship.”可知,作者选择不外出和别人进行社交活动。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“By monitoring lonely people’s brainwaves,they found that lonely people tend to respond negatively to social life.‘Loneliness causes some brain-related changes that put us into a socially nervous mode,’Dr.Christian Jarrett explains.”可知,他们发现感到孤独的人有厌恶社交活动的倾向。
4.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Making ourselves aware of this evolutionary natural tendency could actually be the first step in fighting loneliness.Once we know that we are more sensitive to negativity during lonely spells,we can focus our energy on resisting the desire to put up walls.”可知,当我们感到孤单时,我们也不应该拒绝社交活动。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。 研究表明,人们在做一项不需要太多思考的习惯性任务时更有可能获得创造性突破或洞察力。
5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Rather than constantly wearing yourself out at a problem or desperately seeking a flash of inspiration,research from the last 15 years suggests that people may be more likely to have creative breakthroughs or insights when they’re doing a habitual task that doesn’t require much thought — an activity in which you’re basically on autopilot.”可知,根据研究,人们预期会在日常工作的时候得到一个创新的想法。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段“People always get surprised when they realize they get interesting,novel ideas at unexpected times because our cultural narrative tells us we should do it through hard work”可知,令人兴奋的、不寻常的想法的文化观念是通过努力获得的。
7.A　推理判断题。根据第四段“Now we’re beginning to understand why...that occurs while an individual is resting or performing habitual tasks that don’t require much attention.”和倒数第二段中的“Researchers have shown that the default mode network...when you’re doing something that demands focus.”可推知,一个正在踢足球的学生最有可能得到一个新奇的想法。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“A cautionary note:While the default mode network plays...that are generated in the shower or during any other period of mind wandering.”可推知,虽然默认模式网络在创作过程中发挥着关键作用,但它并不是唯一重要的网络,所以我们在把脑海中好玩的想法付诸实践前要三思。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在母亲的教导下作者虽然家境贫困但还是把玩具给了那些更需要帮助的人的故事,赞扬了母亲的教诲对作者产生的积极影响。
9.C　尽管“我们”经济困难,“我”父母总是尽力供养“我们”。根据上文“my family struggled to make ends meet”可知,作者家在经济方面是困难的。
10.D　根据上文did their best可知,此处用动词短语provide for指父母尽力供养“我们”。
11.A　一天,校长Harper女士带了一盒玩具到学校给贫困的孩子们。根据上文 a box of toys可知,这一盒子玩具应该是送给“贫困的”孩子们的。
12.B　每个人都被号召贡献一些自己的玩具,但“我”几乎没有自己的玩具。根据下文“contribute some of their own toys”可知,此处是指“被号召”贡献自己的玩具。
13.C　盯着盒子里的玩具,“我”兴奋得睁大了眼睛。根据上文“Glued to the toys in the box”以及下文“got wide with excitement”可知,此处应该是指兴奋地睁大“眼睛”。
14.B　Harper女士注意到“我”的表情,让“我”自己挑两个玩具。根据空格后的“allowed me to choose two toys for myself”可知,此处是指注意到“我”的表情。
15.A　“我”很感激,觉得自己是世界上最幸运的女孩。根据下文“feeling like the luckiest girl in the world”可知,作者是很“感激的”。
16.D　一到家,“我”就迫不及待地把它们拿给妈妈看。根据下文“to my mother”以及“But she gently explained that”可知,此处是指把玩具“展示”给母亲看。
17.A　但她温和地解释说,“我”不能留下这些玩具,因为还有很多孩子没有“我们”幸运。根据下文“because they were for those who needed them more”可知,此处是指“我”不能“保留”这些玩具。
18.B　分析句意再根据空格前的less和下文“those who needed them more”可知,此处是指很多孩子还没有“我们”幸运。
19.D　虽然“我”很失望,但“我”很自豪地把它们放回盒子里,因为它们是给那些更需要它们的人的。根据上文可知,作者不能留下这些玩具,所以应该是“感到失望的”。
20.B　根据下文“because they were for those who needed them more”可知,此处用return指把玩具“放回”盒子里。
21.C　尽管“我们”的经济状况很困难,但母亲教“我”用不同的眼光看待自己,让“我”相信“我们”的爱是富有的。根据上文可知,母亲温和地解释说,“我”不能留下这些玩具,因为还有很多孩子没有“我们”幸运,可知,母亲教“我”用不同的眼光看待自己。此处用副词differently表示“不同地”看待自己。
22.D　根据上文“I was proud to 　　　them to the box because they were for those who needed them more”和空格前的rich可知,此处指“我们”的爱是富有的。
23.C　母亲的教诲一直激励着我,提醒着“我”同理心、慷慨和同情的重要性。根据上文可知,此处指母亲的“教诲”对“我”产生了很大影响。
Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要描述了游览阿斯特中国花园庭院一步一景的美妙体验。
24.covered　考查非谓语动词。句意:在你面前,有一条红木铺的通道,带你经过一个有围墙的庭院。设空处作定语,passage和cover之间是被动关系。故填covered。
25.grows　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:沿着院子的边缘是成堆的岩石,其中生长着竹子。分析句子结构可知,定语从句是倒装句,主语是“bamboo”,故设空处缺谓语动词,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故谓语用单数。故填grows。
26.with　考查介词。句意:整个场景就像一幅画;你每走一步,画的另一部分就展开了。根据句意可知,随着脚步的延伸,风景也随之出现在眼前,表示伴随状语,介词用with。
27.Stepping/Having stepped　考查非谓语动词。句意:走进院子,你可以眺望四周的景色。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语“look over”,故设空处需填非谓语动词,“step”和“you”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,若表示“走进”和“眺望”两个动作同时发生,则用现在分词的一般形式stepping,若表示“走进”发生在“眺望”之前,则用现在分词的完成式having stepped。首字母要大写,故填Stepping或Having stepped。
28.larger　考查形容词比较级。句意:墙上的格子窗显露出更多的竹子,表明庭院只是更大花园的一部分。根据“garden”可知,设空处需填形容词作定语,结合句意可知,庭院只是更大花园的一部分,故用形容词比较级。故填larger。
29.and　考查连词。句意:庭院的尽头是一个放着木椅的房间,窗户为窗外奇形怪状的岩石做框,就像中国水墨画一样。分析句意可知,该房间放着木椅,还有为窗外奇形怪状的岩石做框的窗户,故“wooden chairs”和“windows”是并列关系,故填and。
30.strangely　考查词性转换。根据“shaped”可知,设空处需填副词作状语,修饰形容词。故填strangely。
31.a　考查冠词。句意:这个小庭院是一幅展现中国古典和平与美丽理念的图画。此处指“这个小庭院是一幅图画”,故用不定冠词表示泛指,picture的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
32.was created　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:阿斯特中国花园庭院由26名中国工匠于1981年创建……分析句子结构可知,空处缺谓语动词,根据“in 1981”可知,用一般过去时,“The Astor Chinese Garden Court”和“create”之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是第三人称单数。故填was created。
33.visitor　考查词性转换。句意:这个庭院是博物馆参观者的休息场所。根据“a museum”可知,设空处需填单数名词,结合句意可知,此处表示“一位博物馆参观者”,故填visitor。
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