2026人教版新教材英语高考第一轮同步基础练--选择性必修第3册 UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
UNIT 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2024山东淄博一模)
My husband and I always wanted to go to the Caribbean but didn’t know much about the islands or how we were going to afford it.By chance,a friend of ours in Australia mentioned “pet sitting” and that it is something you can do all over the world.
We quickly created an account on a pet sitting website and began searching for options.There were only a couple of sits available in that part of the world,but we tried our luck,sent a request,and to our surprise landed a three-month job in Grenada,so our year was going to be taken up with Caribbean pet sits.
Inspired by a Canadian couple,we decided to start our own travel blog.We began by writing about The Virgin Islands,highlighting the beautiful beaches.However,for every photo album of a beautiful beach,there were 10 photos of trash (垃圾).It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue,especially on such primitive and remote beaches.So,we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.
The more we looked into plastic pollution,the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution.From that point,we used our platform to create awareness and highlight ways to say no to plastic and travel plastic-free.We changed our daily routines,our way of living,and even our diets to accommodate more organic foods and little to no plastic packaging.
It’s been over three years now and we continue to do what we can.This journey has led us to some amazing places,working with great brands and even organizing a country-wide beach clean-up campaign in Grenada.
Our aim now is to keep on going.We love connecting with like-minded people.It’s been amazing few years that was sparked by a conversation about pet sitting.Who would have guessed
1.Why did the author do pet sitting
A.To raise fund.
B.To protect the environment.
C.To cover travel expenses.
D.To shoot beautiful beaches.
2.What does the author intend to convey through her story
A.Pet sitting is a new type of occupation.
B.The Caribbean is an ideal travel destination.
C.Travel blog is a superb way to gain popularity.
D.Action should be taken to fight plastic pollution.
3.How did the author find her experience in the Caribbean
A.Significant.　 B.Challenging.
C.Adventurous. D.Dreadful.
4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A.Changing Lifestyles by Pet Sitting
B.Unexpected Gains from Pet Sitting Travel
C.Dealing with Global Environment Pollution
D.The Availability of Pet Sitting in the Caribbean
B(2024辽宁葫芦岛一模)
Away from the bright lights of the city,if you look up at the night sky you will see an ocean of bright stars.But in the illuminated concrete jungles we humans have built ourselves.It’s a different story.
Earth Hour,the annual tradition,started by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in 2007 in Sydney,Australia,was created to raise awareness of climate change.Those celebrating turn off all their electrical appliances for one hour.It also draws attention to another serious problem that the world is currently facing— the threat of light pollution.
Light pollution happens when too much man-made light harms nature.Scientists have found that it is especially harmful to nocturnal animals.These creatures rely on the natural light cycle provided by the movement of the sun to help coordinate their sleep cycles.When this is disturbed by constant bright lights from man-made structures,it can seriously disorientate the animals and harm their physical health.“Wildlife species have evolved on this planet with biological rhythms— changing that has profound effects,” said Travis Longcore,a biogeographer with the Urban Wildlands Group in Los Angeles,US.A lack of darkness at night can also cause difficulties for animals in other ways.
Newly hatched (孵化) baby sea turtles rely on the brighter horizon over the ocean to guide them from the beach to the sea.However,with artificial lights next to the oceans,the small animals are easily led away from the right path.“Hatchlings are attracted to lights and crawl inland,or crawl aimlessly down the beach,sometimes until dawn,when predators or birds get them,” said Michael Salmon,a biologist at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton,Florida.
Artificial light has caused a “drastic change” to the natural environment of animals,research scientist Christopher Kyba told the International Dark-Sky Association.“Predators use light to hunt,and prey (猎物) species use darkness as cover,” Kyba explained.If a predator has such an extra advantage in hunting its prey,this can lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem as the hunted species are no longer able to maintain their population when they become over-hunted.
5.Why was Earth Hour created
A.To raise awareness of air pollution.
B.To call on people to get closer to nature.
C.To draw public attention to environmental issues.
D.To reconsider the necessity of electrical devices.
6.How does light pollution affect nocturnal animals
A.It slows their growth.
B.It changes their sleep cycles.
C.It lessens their dependence on the sun.
D.It reduces their difficulties caused by darkness.
7.What trouble does artificial lighting cause for baby sea turtles
A.It can prevent them from reaching the ocean.
B.It can affect their biological rhythms.
C.It makes them lose their way to the beach.
D.It exposes them to predators in the sea.
8.What is the last paragraph mainly about
A.The argument over artificial lights.
B.Animals that benefit from artificial lights.
C.The impact of artificial lights on environment.
D.The dangers of an imbalance in the ecosystem.
C(2025安徽蚌埠模拟)
“I’d like to have your problem!” It is a common remark made to underweight people,who tend to awake more envy than sympathy.However,underweight people have just as much trouble putting on the pounds as overweight people have losing them — they are also related to health risks.
The problem of the underweight is that they are unwilling or unable to eat enough,or they eat like a horse but still do not gain weight.They have a fast metabolism (新陈代谢) and can eat whatever they want without putting on kilograms.People with a slow metabolism deposit most of the energy they take in with food as body fat.People with a fast metabolism burn this energy off,producing heat.
To someone who is overweight,a fast metabolism may seem desirable.But from a medical standpoint it is a problem.Being underweight is usually accompanied by a lack of basic nutrients and/or trace elements.This increases the risk of developing disorders such as osteoporosis,weakens muscle function and slows the healing of wounds.Underweight people are often elderly,have little appetite or perhaps are no longer able to chew properly.People can also lose a lot of weight due to a serious disease or chemotherapy (化疗).
A potential health problem is also sometimes to blame.Even young,healthy people can be affected when they feel stressed out emotionally.A classic case is lovesickness.Your stomach feels as though tied up in knots,your nerves are shaky,and after two bites of food you are full.Before long,your body is running out of energy,and you either become sleepy or more nervous— in any case you eat even less and then enter a downward spiral (螺旋轨道).What will you do when your trousers get baggy,your eyes start to widen,your bones and teeth start to stick out,your energy level drops and your sensitiveness rises
9.What message does paragraph 1 convey
A.Being thin is popular among the young.
B.Being fat is dangerous for an elderly man.
C.Either being fat or too thin can be a health risk.
D.Losing weight is harder than gaining weight.
10.When are people more likely to be underweight
A.When they have no teeth to chew.
B.When they suffer from a big illness.
C.When they are addicted to their work.
D.When they have a slow metabolism.
11.What is the writing style of the last paragraph
A.Critical. B.Vivid.
C.Abstract. D.Academic.
12.What is the best title for the text
A.Weight Matters to Health
B.Mind Your Daily Diet
C.Fat Is a Risk Too
D.Thin Is Not In
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分)
(2024湖南永州三模)
As the seasons are starting to change around the world,the animal kingdom is on the move.Animal migration is one of nature’s great wonders,but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey,or where they need to go Once they’ve worked out their destination,how do they know how to get there 　13　.
Migration is a behavioral pattern where animals travel from one habitat to another in search of something.It happens seasonally,and usually involves a return journey.These journeys can be by land,sea or air.　14　.Animals like gazelles,wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink.
Animals also migrate because of the weather.Around 50 bird species leave the UK each winter to avoid the cold.　15　.They’re either searching for a mate,looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young.For example,humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves.
　16　,but how do they know when it is time to head off For those who migrate to look for something to eat,scientists think shortages of food could be a sign that it’s time to begin their journey.Others might be able to recognize when winter is coming because they can see that the days are getting shorter.
So how do they know where to go Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are.　17　.Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain.
A.Below are some ways they get there
B.Animals have their reasons for migrating
C.Scientists have been puzzled by these questions for many years
D.It’s also possible for animals to sniff their way to their destination
E.Some birds travel to the UK to escape extreme cold further north
F.One of the main reasons behind animal migration is the search for food
G.For some animals,it’s the need to reproduce that sends them on their journey
答案：
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作去了一座很美丽的小岛,但是小岛被塑料污染,作者将看到的垃圾拍照并分享到网上,希望唤起人们的环保意识,之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,作者做照顾宠物的工作是为了支付自己和丈夫去加勒比的费用。
2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段的“However,for every photo album of a beautiful beach,there were 10 photos of trash.It was hard to ignore the plastic pollution issue,especially on such primitive and remote beaches.So,we began to share photos of the trash we saw and how much we could pick up on our daily dog walks.”和第四段的“The more we looked into plastic pollution,the more we realized the severity of the global plastic pollution.”可推知,作者想通过自己的故事告诉读者必须采取措施应对塑料垃圾污染。
3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,作者的那次旅行不仅让她意识到了塑料垃圾污染的严重性,她还通过自己的行动影响了很多人。由此推知,她认为自己在加勒比的经历是非常重要的。
4.B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了作者因为一次宠物看护工作,去了一座很美丽的小岛,但是小岛被塑料污染,所以作者将看到的垃圾拍照并分享到网上,希望唤起人们的环保意识,之后作者一直致力于环境保护工作。结合最后一段内容可知,B项“照顾宠物之旅的意外收获”可以作为本文的标题。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了创立“地球一小时”不仅提高了人们对气候变化的认识,还引起了人们对另一个严重问题的关注——光污染的威胁,光污染不仅改变了动物的睡眠周期,还会导致生态系统失衡。
5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Earth Hour,the annual tradition,started by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in 2007 in Sydney,Australia,was created to raise awareness of climate change.”可知,创立“地球一小时”是为了引起公众对环境问题的关注。
6.B　推理判断题。根据第三段中“These creatures rely on the natural light cycle provided by the movement of the sun to help coordinate their sleep cycles.When this is disturbed by constant bright lights from man-made structures,it can seriously disorientate the animals and harm their physical health.”可知,夜间活动的生物依靠太阳运动提供的自然光循环来协调它们的睡眠,而光污染打乱了这种状态,从而改变了夜间活动的动物的睡眠周期。
7.A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Newly hatched baby sea turtles rely on the brighter horizon over the ocean to guide them from the beach to the sea.However,with artificial lights next to the oceans,the small animals are easily led away from the right path.”可知,小海龟依靠自然光来引导它们从沙滩上回到大海里,而人工照明可能会将小海龟引离正确的道路,让它们无法到达海中。
8.D　主旨大意题。通读最后一段内容可知,本段主要讲了人造光对生态系统的影响,即导致生态系统失衡。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是体重过轻带来的健康风险及挑战,分析其成因,并探讨如何通过合理的饮食和心理支持来改善体重不足的问题。
9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段“‘I’d like to have your problem!’It is a common remark made to underweight people,who tend to awake more envy than sympathy.However,underweight people have just as much trouble putting on the pounds as overweight people have losing them — they are also related to health risks.”可知,肥胖或太瘦都可能会有健康风险。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“People can also lose a lot of weight due to a serious disease or chemotherapy.”可知,得了大病的时候人们可能会体重过轻。
11.B　推理判断题。通读最后一段可知,作者在描写“瘦”时用了许多生动形象的词语,如baggy,widen和stick out等,以达到“生动”的效果。因此本段的写作风格是生动的。
12.D　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了偏瘦的人所面临的问题,包括他们难以增重以及与健康风险相关的内容,所以D项“瘦并不时髦”是本文最好的标题。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了动物迁徙这一行为相关的问题。
13.C　根据空前“Animal migration is one of nature’s great wonders,but how do animals know when it is time to set off on their journey,or where they need to go Once they’ve worked out their destination,how do they know how to get there ”可知,空前提出了一些与动物迁徙相关的问题,故C项“科学家被这些问题困扰了很多年。”符合文意,C项中的“these questions”指代空前提出的这几个问题。
14.F　根据空后“Animals like gazelles,wildebeests and zebras migrate in huge herds during dry seasons to look for fresh grass to eat and water to drink.”可知,空后提到了瞪羚、牛羚和斑马等动物在旱季成群结队地迁徙,寻找新鲜的草和水,因此它们迁徙的目的是寻找食物和水源,故F项“动物迁徙的其中一个重要的原因在于寻找食物。”符合文意。
15.G　根据空后“They’re either searching for a mate,looking for somewhere to lay their eggs or finding the best place to raise their young.For example,humpback whales travel to warmer waters each winter to raise their calves.”可知,空后提出它们迁徙是为了寻找配偶,或者寻找产卵的地方,或者寻找养育幼崽的最佳地点,故G项“对于一些动物来说,是繁殖的需求让它们踏上了旅程。”符合文意。
16.B　根据空后“but how do they know when it is time to head off”可知,空后提出了另外一个问题——什么时候出发,且上文一直在解释动物迁徙的原因,故B项“动物有它们迁徙的理由。”符合文意,承上启下,总结上文分析的原因,并引出下文有关迁徙的时间的内容。
17.D　空前“Some use the stars and the sun to help them navigate while others rely on landmarks like rivers and mountains to show them where they are.”提出一些动物通过地标和星星、太阳来帮助自己导航,空后“Wildebeests are thought to follow the smell of rain.”则具体举例牛羚是靠着闻雨水的味道来导航,故D项引出下文,动物也有可能通过嗅觉来导航。
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