中考英语专题——数词与量词讲义

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名称 中考英语专题——数词与量词讲义
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/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
中考英语数词与量词复习专题讲义
一、知识点讲解
(一)基数词与序数词
1.基数词:表示数目多少的词。
★写法与读法:
·两位数:十位与个位用连字符连接,如 twenty-three。
·三位数:百位与后两位用 and 连接,如 three hundred and forty-five。
★复数形式:
·与 of 连用表概数(不可与具体数字连用),如 hundreds of people。
·表示年代(in the + 数词复数)或年龄(in one’s + 数词复数),如 in the 1990s(20 世纪 90 年代),in his thirties(他三十多岁)。
2.序数词:表示顺序的词,前需加定冠词 the。
构成规律:
一般变化:基数词后加 -th,如 fourth, sixth。
特殊变化:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth。
几十几:仅将个位改为序数词,如 twenty-first。
(二)分数与倍数
1.分数:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于 1 时,分母加 -s。
例:1/3 → one-third,2/5 → two-fifths,1/2 → a half,3/4 → three quarters。
2.倍数:
·A + 倍数 + as + 形容词 + as + B,如 This room is twice as big as that one.
·A + 倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than + B,如 The population is three times larger than before.
·A + 倍数 + the size/length/width of + B,如The new park is three times the size of the old one.(新公园是旧公园的三倍大。)
·A + 倍数 + what 从句,如The output is now four times what it was ten years ago.(现在的产量是十年前的四倍。)
(三)数词与量词搭配
·具体数字后,量词用单数,如 two hundred students。
·概数表达:hundreds/thousands/millions of + 名词复数,如 thousands of books。
·复合形容词:数词-量词(单数)-形容词,如 a 16-year-old boy。
·不可数名词的量化:需借助量词短语,如 a piece of bread(一片面包),a cup of tea(一杯茶)。复数形式:量词变复数,如 two pieces of paper(两张纸),three bottles of water(三瓶水)。
·集体名词的量词:如 a group of students(一群学生),a team of players(一队队员)。
(四)时间的表达
1.时刻:
★顺读法:直接读小时和分钟,如 7:30 → seven thirty。
★逆读法:
分钟 ≤ 30:分钟 + past + 小时,如 7:20 → twenty past seven。
分钟 > 30:(60 - 分钟) + to + (小时 + 1),如 7:40 → twenty to eight。
2.日期:
美式:月 - 日 - 年,如 October 5, 2025。
英式:日 - 月 - 年,如 5 October 2025。
3.节日表达:
on Christmas Day(在圣诞节),on New Year’s Eve(在除夕夜)。
(五)主谓一致中的数词
1.时间、距离、金钱等作主语:通常视为整体,谓语用单数。
例:Ten years is a long time.(十年是很长的时间。)
Five hundred dollars was spent on the project.(项目花费了 500 美元。)
2.“分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词” 作主语:谓语动词与名词的数一致。
例:Two-thirds of the work is done.(三分之二的工作已完成。)
Forty percent of the students are from rural areas.(40% 的学生来自农村。)
(六)数词的固定短语
in twos and threes(三三两两地)at sixes and sevens(乱七八糟)
one by one(一个接一个地)day after day(日复一日)year by year(年复一年)
二、易错点总结
1.基数词变序数词的特殊形式:
牢记不规则变化,如 five → fifth,nine → ninth,twelve → twelfth。
2.数词与量词的单复数混淆:
具体数字后量词用单数(three hundred),概数时量词用复数(hundreds of)。
3.分数的表达错误:
分子大于 1 时,分母需加 -s,如 3/4 → three quarters,不可写成 three quarter。
4.量词短语的单复数混淆:
不可数名词的量词短语变复数时,仅量词本身变复数,如 two cups of coffee(两杯咖啡)。
5.时间表达的介词误用:
具体时间点用at,日期用on,月份/年份用 in。
6.主谓一致的忽略:
注意 “时间、距离、金钱” 作主语时谓语用单数,如 Twenty miles is too far to walk.(步行 20 英里太远了。)
三、2024年中考真题精选(含解析)
1、(2024 河北)Alice felt very happy to receive some gifts on her ____ birthday. Nobody gave her gifts on her former eleven birthdays.
A. eleventh B. twelfth C. thirteenth D. twelve
解析:根据“前11次生日没人送礼物”可知,此次是第12次生日,选 B。
2、(2024 河南)Today postcards are the ____ most popular collection in the world after stamps and coins.
A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
解析:“仅次于邮票和硬币” 说明是第三大流行,用序数词 third。选 C。
3、(2024 广东)Although I have failed three times, my father encourages me to have a ____ try.
A. four B. third C. fourth D. five
解析:失败三次后再试一次,即第四次,用序数词 fourth。选 C。
4、(2024 山东)In his_____, Wilson returned to his hometown and began to teach.
A. thirty B. thirties C. thirtieth
解析:“在他三十多岁时” 用 in one’s thirties。选 B。
5、(2024 江苏)Please turn to Page____ and read the____ story.
A. Ten; two B. Ten; second C. Tenth; second D. Tenth; two
解析:“翻到第十页” 用基数词 Page Ten,“第二个故事” 用序数词 second。选 B。
6、(2024 四川)There are many visitors in this town every year. ____ of them are from Guangzhou.
A. Five six B. Fifth six C. Five sixths D. Five sixth
解析:分数 “5/6” 的表达为 five sixths。选 C。
7、(2024 湖北)The Peoples Republic of China was founded ____.
A. on October 1st, 1949 B. in 1949, October 1st
C. on the October 1st, 1949 D. in October 1st, 1949
解析:具体日期前用介词 on,且日期格式为 “月日,年”。选 A。
8、(2024 浙江)She moved to the United States with her family ____.
A. in her twenty B. in her twenties C. in the twenty D. in her twentieth
解析:“在她二十多岁时” 用 in her twenties。选 B。
9、(2024 安徽)I plan to invite many people to take part in my mothers ____ birthday party tomorrow.
A. fifty B. the fiftyth C. the fiftieth D. fiftieth
解析:“第五十个生日” 用序数词 fiftieth,且物主代词后不加定冠词。选 D。
10、(2024 湖南)He said he had visited my home ____, but no one was at home at that time.
A. two B. second C. the second D. twice
解析:“两次” 用副词 twice。选 D。
11、(2024 辽宁)Three ____ students in our grade will go for a trip this weekend.
A. hundred B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. hundreds
解析:具体数字后 hundred 用单数,three hundred students。选 A。
12、(2024 陕西)My mum bought ____ apples in the supermarket yesterday.
A. one and half kilos B. one and a half kilosC. one and a half kilo D. one kilo and half
解析:“一个半公斤” 用 one and a half kilos。选 B。
13、(2024 黑龙江)I live in Room 403, Sam lives in the room right above mine, on____.
A. the fourth floor B. the four floor C. fourth floor D. four floor
解析:“四楼” 用序数词 the fourth floor。选 A。
14、(2024 江西)____ of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
A. Fifth two B. Two fifth C. Fifth second D. Two fifths
解析:分数 “2/5” 的表达为 two fifths。选 D。
15、(2024 福建)The meeting will be held in ____.
A. 2025 October B. October 2025 C. 2025, October D. October of 2025
解析:年份与月份的顺序为 “月份 + 年份”。选 B。
16、(2024 云南)There are ____ students in our school.
A. two thousand B. two thousands C. two thousand of D. two thousands of
解析:具体数字后 thousand 用单数,two thousand students。选 A。
17、(2024 贵州)She is ____ girl in our class.
A. a 11-year-old B. an 11-year-old C. a 11-years-old D. an 11-years-old
解析:复合形容词 “11 岁的” 为 an 11-year-old(11 发音以元音开头)。选 B。
18、(2024 广西)____ of the students in our class are from the countryside.
A. Three fifth B. Third fifths C. Three fifths D. Third fifth
解析:分数 “3/5” 的表达为 three fifths。选 C。
19、(2024 甘肃)He was born on ____.
A. June 5, 2005 B. 2005, June 5 C. June 5th, 2005 D. 2005, June 5th
解析:具体日期格式为 “月日,年”,且日期用序数词缩写。选 C。
20、(2024 山西)The river is about ____ long.
A. three hundred metre B. three hundreds metres
C. three hundred metres D. three hundreds metre
解析:具体数字后 hundred 用单数,metre 用复数。选 C。