期中复习之说明文15篇
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）You change into your pajamas, turn off the lights, and get yourself ready to sleep. How do you liker to sleep better, on the back or on your side Here are some interesting sleeping positions.
Starfish Position
Starfish is when you lie on your back and sleep with your arms lifted near your head. Sleep scientist Idzikowski says starfish sleepers value friendship, and that while they prefer not to be the center of attention, people who sleep in this position are good listeners and quick to help others.
Fetal Position
The fetal position gets its name from the shape of a baby in the womb. People who sleep in the fetal position tend towards worry and anxiety. They are often shy and sensitive. In the fetal position, a sleeper’s body is usually curled up into a ball as they lie on one side with legs and arms bent.
Soldier Position
This sleeping position is kind of strange, but common. It’s when you sleep on your back with your arms down and very close to your body. Studies have shown that people who sleep like this may do not like to make a big deal out of things. It is actually a good sleeping position, as it helps keep your spine in a straight line.
Freefall Position
If this sleeping position is not familiar to you, you should know that at least 7% of the world’s population sleep that way. In this position, you have your hands on or around your pillow, with your head turned to one side. But it may create a twist in the neck. Some studies show that generally you’re good at listening and chatting with others and you may be a social worker if you like to sleep in this position.
1．Which of the following pictures is most likely Fetal Position
A． B． C． D．
2．If someone likes to sleep in the Freefall Position, he might like __________.
A．staying home alone B．giving a helping hand
C．planning everything carefully D．communicating with others
3．The passage can usually be read in the __________ part of the newspaper.
A．business B．travel
C．life D．sports
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文介绍了几种睡姿和对应的人的性格。
1．推理判断题。根据“In the fetal position, a sleeper’s body is usually curled up into a ball as they lie on one side with legs and arms bent.”可知，该睡姿得名于子宫中婴儿的形状，在胎儿式睡姿中，睡觉者的身体通常蜷缩成一团，因为他们侧躺着，腿和胳膊弯曲。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Freefall Position中的“Some studies show that generally you’re good at listening and chatting with others and you may be a social worker if you like to sleep in this position.”可知，该睡姿的人擅长社交，也就是擅长与他人交流。故选D。
3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了几种睡姿和对应的人的性格，这与人的生活相关，因此是在报纸的生活版块。故选C。
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）。
In our life, we should often be ready for change that will help us unlock (释放) our self-improvement power. However, we don’t always understand it. We think of unlocking our self-improvement power only when everything gets worst.
When do we realize (意识到) that we need to change diets When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates When all of our teeth have fallen off.
Most of us will learn about unlocking our self-improvement power only when the whole world falls apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change. However, change becomes more painful when we pay no attention to it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power, not because the world says so, but because we realize it’s good for ourselves.
Happy people don’t just accept change; they welcome it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she is afraid of being around groups of people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
If we look at things in a different way, we might have greater fun. Doing exercise three times a week would lead to a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process (过程) of unlocking our self-improvement power, will we realize that we can take things light and become happy.
1．What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 1
A．To tell a story. B．To solve a problem.
C．To give an example. D．To introduce a topic.
2．What advice might be given to help solve Jane’s problem
A．Always believe in herself. B．Get on with people in a friendly way.
C．Unlock herself out of the box of thought. D．Count the days until she is fully improved.
3．We should put the following sentence at the end of ________
We see the warning signs when things get difficult.
A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5
4．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Is It Important to Take Things Light
B．Is It Necessary to Believe in Yourselves
C．To Hold on to The Last Moment or to Give Up
D．To Unlock Ourselves out of the Box of Thought or to Stay in It
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文作者论述了释放自我提升能力的力量是在一切都变得最糟糕的时候，因此作者认为迎接生活中的变化，才能把它变得更好。享受释放自我提升能力的整个过程时，我们才会意识到我们开始变得轻松快乐。
1．段落大意题。根据“In our life, we should often be ready for change that will help us unlock (释放) our self-improvement power. However, we don’t always understand it. We think of unlocking our self-improvement power only when everything gets worst.”可知，第1段的写作目的是解决一个问题。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are.”可知，释放我们自我提升的力量意味着把我们自己从思维的盒子里解放出来。因此，要解决简的问题，要建议她把自己从思维的盒子里解放出来。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“When do we realize (意识到) that we need to change diets When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates When all of our teeth have fallen off.”可知，本段介绍了当事情进行不下去时，我们才会做出改变，因此所给的句子应该放在第二段的末尾。故选A。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，尤其是“Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.”以及最后一句“And only when we are enjoying the whole process (过程) of unlocking out self-improvement power, we will realize that we can take things light and become happy.”可知，作者认为享受释放自我提升能力的整个过程时，我们才会意识到我们开始变得轻松快乐，所以适合本文的标题是：是把我们自己从思想的盒子里打开还是留在里面？故选D。
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）
Raisins are grapes! Raisins are nothing but dried grapes. Do you know how to make raisins at home Here is an easy way to make raisins at home. You can do it with your parents on a summer afternoon. What you’ll need ● some seedless grapes ● one clean plate or a dish ● a piece of clean cloth Step ●Remove (移除) the pedicels. ●Wash the grapes. To have the bright and fresh color of the grapes after you dry them, add a little lime juice (青柠汁) to the water when washing. ●Dry the grapes with the cloth. Or simply let them sit for some time until the water runs out. ●Put them in the dish and set the dish in a dry sunny place. If the weather gets cold and rainy at night, you can get the plate inside the house for the night and then place it out in the morning. Tips: Don’t cover the dish. Check it each day for two weeks. What happens next The water inside each grape moves through the skin of the grapes and goes into the air and disappears. So the wet grapes slowly dry out and turn into raisins. It may take a month or more for the grapes to dry, so be patient (耐心的).
1．According to the passage, there are ________ steps to make raisins.
A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four
2．In order to make sure that grapes can turn into raisins, we should ________.
A．make them in winter B．let your dog watch out for them
C．remove the skin of the grapes D．take care of them every day for 14 days
3．Why do we have to be patient and wait until grapes become dry
A．Because the grapes must become wet.
B．Because the water inside is easy to go into the air.
C．Because we can only pick the grapes in late summer.
D．Because the water may not disappear until four weeks later.
4．This passage is possibly from __________.
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在家里制作葡萄干的过程。
1．细节理解题。根据“Step”部分可知，制作葡萄干有四个步骤。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Check it each day for at least two weeks. The water inside each grape moves through the skin of the grapes and goes into the air and disappears. So the wet grapes slowly dry out and turn into raisins. It may take a month or more for the grapes to dry, so be patient (耐心的).”可知，每天检查，至少两周，每颗葡萄内部的水都会穿过葡萄皮，进入空气中并消失，因此，湿葡萄慢慢变干，变成葡萄干，葡萄可能需要一个月或更长时间才能变干，所以要有耐心，即为了确保葡萄能变成葡萄干，我们应该每天照顾它们共计14天或更长时间。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“It may take a month or more for the grapes to dry, so be patient (耐心的).”可知，葡萄里的水分可能要到一个多月后才会干，即要到四周后。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了在家里制作葡萄干的过程，是食物制作，属于食谱，可推测A选项“《儿童食谱》”与其相符。故选A。
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）Travel is fun and exciting, but it’s not if you get sick. You may think, “Not me, I won’t get sick on my vacation.” But for many people, that is what happens. Of course you don’t want to spend your vacation sick in bed. So what can you do to stay in good health There are three things you should remember when you travel: relax, sleep and eat well.
A vacation should be a time for relaxing. But very often it is not. Think about what you do when you are a tourist. There are so many places to visit: museums, shops, parks and churches. You may spend most days walking around these places. You may be very tired. Your feet may hurt and you may have a terrible headache after a few hours. If this is the way you feel, you should take a rest. Don’t ask your body to do too much. A tired body means a weak body. And a weak body gets sick easily. So sit down for a few hours in a nice place. In good weather, look for a quiet park chair or you can stop at a corner. You can learn a lot by watching people while you rest.
Sleep is also important. If you want to stay healthy, you need to get enough sleep. You may have trouble sleeping at night when you travel. Your hotel room may be noisy or the bed may be uncomfortable. If this is true, don’t be afraid to change rooms or hotels, or you may not get enough sleep. You may want to stay out late at night. In many cities the nightlife can be very interesting. Then you should plan to sleep for an hour during the day. That extra hour can make a big difference.
Finally, if you want to stay healthy, you must eat well. That means eating the right kinds of food. Your body needs fresh fruits and vegetables, and some meat, milk or cheese. When you are in a new country, you may want to try new food but you need to be careful about how much you eat. Lots of rich food is not good for you.
1．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．relaxing when you travel B．how exciting travel is
C．what to eat when you travel D．how to stay healthy when you travel
2．Travelling around can be ________.
A．no fun B．unhealthy C．very tiring D．the best way to relax
3．It’s a good idea to ________ when travelling.
A．get some rest every day B．change hotels
C．spend every night in hotels D．try a lot of rich food
4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true
A．If you want to stay healthy, you must eat much.
B．Your body needs lots of rich food when you travel.
C．When you are in a new country, you may try all new food.
D．If you want to enjoy your vacation, eating the right kinds of food is necessary.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文介绍了旅行时要保持健康，你应该记住三件事：放松、睡好、吃好。
1．主旨大意题。根据“So what can you do to stay in good health There are three things you should remember when you travel: relax, sleep and eat well.”可知，本文主要介绍了如何在旅行时保持健康，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“You may spend most days walking around these places. You may be very tired.”可知，到处旅行可能是非常累的，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“If this is the way you feel, you should take a rest.”可知，当旅行时，每天休息一下是一个好主意。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“Finally, if you want to stay healthy, you must eat well. That means eating the right kinds of food.”可知，如果你想享受你的假期，吃正确的食物是必要的。故选D。
（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）Studies (研究) have found that money can make people happy. But happiness is not about having money. Instead, it’s about giving money. It could be buying a present for a friend. It could be buying a homeless person food to eat. It could be giving money to a person in need. Just think about the first time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel You feel happy when you give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.
Ubuntu, an African (非洲的) word, means connecting (连接) your happiness to others. There is a story about a man visiting Africa. He asked some kids to run to a nearby tree. The first child to touch the tree would get one piece of candy. Surprisingly, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. The children simply said they could only enjoy the candies if everyone had one.
Clearly, those children know that the secret (秘密) to happiness is making others happy.
1．Where is the underlined word “Ubuntu” in the second paragraph from
A．Africa B．Asia. C．Australia. D．America.
2．The children held hands to run together because ________.
A．the man asked them to do so. B．they liked to hold hands while running.
C．each of them could get one piece of candy. D．holding hands was a very interesting thing.
3．What does the writer try to tell us in the article
A．Having money can make people happy.
B．Running for candies makes children happy.
C．If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.
D．You will feel happy when you make others happy.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文讲述了非洲孩子们的故事，是想要告诉大家，快乐的秘密是让别人快乐，自己也会快乐。
1．细节理解题。根据“Ubuntu , an African (非洲的) word, means connecting (连接) your happiness to others.”可知，单词“Ubuntu”来自非洲，故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据“The children simply said they could only enjoy the candies if everyone had one.”可知，这些孩子手拉着手一起跑，是为了每个人都能得到一块糖，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“Clearly, those children know that the secret (秘密) to happiness is making others happy.”可知，作者想要告诉我们：你让别人快乐时，你也会快乐，故选D。
（23-24八年级下·江苏连云港·期中）Scientists found the tiniest vertebrate (脊椎动物) in the world! It’s called the Brazilian flea toad (巴西跳蚤蟾蜍). However, here’s the funny thing—it’s not actually a toad or a flea, but a special kind of frog that lives on a few hills in Brazil.
Male Brazilian flea toads are only about 7 millimeters long and females (雌性) are about 8 millimeters. One could easily sit on the tip of your finger.
Being so small, their bodies look a bit different compared to those of other frogs. While most frogs have five toes on their back legs and four toes on their front legs, these little frogs only have two toes, according to Science News.
They also can’t jump like a flea. A study in 2022 found that when they try to jump, they lose their balance (平衡)! They’re just so small that their bodies aren’t good at helping them stay balanced.
Scientists believe that there are still many other mini “surprises” waiting to be found out there in the world. And anything smaller than six millimeters long would teach us a lot about how animals’ bodies work.
1．What can we know about the Brazilian flea toad
A．It’s a toad. B．It’s a flea. C．It’s a special kind of frog. D．It is good at jumping.
2．How long are male Brazilian flea toads
A．About 7 millimeters. B．About 8 millimeters.
C．About 9 millimeters. D．About 10 millimeters.
3．Why can’t Brazilian flea toads jump like a flea
A．Because they could easily sit on the tip of your finger.
B．Because they are so small that their bodies aren’t good at helping them stay balanced.
C．Because they live on a few hills in Brazil.
D．Because they have fewer toes than other frogs.
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．A Study in 2022 B．The Tiniest Vertebrate in the World
C．Some Facts about Frogs D．Ways to Keep Balanced
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上最小的脊椎动物——巴西跳蚤蟾蜍。
1．细节理解题。根据“However, here’s the funny thing—it’s not actually a toad or a flea, but a special kind of frog that lives on a few hills in Brazil.”可知，巴西跳蚤蟾蜍实际上不是蟾蜍或跳蚤，而是一种生活在巴西山丘上的特殊青蛙。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Male Brazilian flea toads are only about 7 millimeters long...”可知，雄性巴西跳蚤蟾蜍只有大约7毫米长。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“They also can’t jump like a flea...They’re just so small that their bodies aren’t good at helping them stay balanced.”可知，它们也不能像跳蚤一样跳跃，因为它们太小了，以至于它们的身体不善于帮助它们保持平衡。故选B。
4．标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了世界上最小的脊椎动物——巴西跳蚤蟾蜍，即世界上最小的脊椎动物。故选B。
（23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）In the year 2070, most of you will be more than 60 years old. The good news is that travel might become smarter by that time. European airline (航空公司) easyJet has made some predictions and released (发布) easyJet 2070—The Future Travel Report. Let’s take a look at some cool ideas.
Heartbeat (心跳) passport
Paper passports will be a thing of the past. You will use “heartbeat passports” instead. According to experts, everyone’s heartbeat is different. So the data will be used to tell who you are.
More comfortable flight
The seats on the plane will no longer be “one size fits all”. You’ll actually be able to book a seat according to your body type. The seat might even be able to cool or warm you to your favourite temperature. There will also be no more screens on the back of your seats. A future device (设备) could show movies straight in front of your eyes.
Printed clothes and food
If you hate packing clothes, you may not need to do it in the future. Before you fly, you will have a body scan (扫描). When you arrive, you’ll find a wardrobe (衣橱) filled with 3D-printed clothes in your size. When you leave, the clothes can be recycled and reprinted for the next person. You can also 3D print whatever you want to eat.
Bring history back to life
If you like to visit place of interest, augmented reality (AR增强现实) will change the game. Wearing a headset (头戴式视图器), you can see what happened there, such as a famous war.
1．In 2070, heartbeat passports will be used because ________.
A．paper passports are a waste of paper
B．the data of everyone’s heartbeat will tell who they are
C．they can be made at a lower price
D．experts don’t allow people to use paper passports
2．________ will make you comfortable in your flight in 2070.
a. A seat according to your body type
b. Movies shown straight in front of your eyes
c. Big screens on the back of your seats
d. A seat with your preferred temperature
A．acd B．abc C．abd D．bcd
3．What will be the best title of the passage
A．Good ideas for future travel
B．Better lifestyles in the future
C．Future devices on the plane
D．High technology in 2070
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个关于未来的很酷的想法。
1．细节理解题。根据“According to experts, everyone’s heartbeat is different. So the data will be used to tell who you are.”可知，专家表示，每个人的心跳都不一样，所以这些数据将被用来告诉你是谁。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“You’ll actually be able to book a seat according to your body type. The seat might even be able to cool or warm you to your favourite temperature. There will also be no more screens on the back of your seats. A future device (设备) could show movies straight in front of your eyes.”可知，你可以根据自己的体型预订座位，这个座位甚至可以把你降温或升温到你喜欢的温度，座位后面也不会有屏幕，未来的设备可以直接在你眼前播放电影。故选C。
3．最佳标题题。根据“European airline (航空公司) easyJet has made some predictions and released (发布) easyJet 2070—The Future Travel Report. Let’s take a look at some cool ideas.”及通读全文内容可知，欧洲易捷航空公司做出了一些预测，并发布了易捷2070——未来旅行报告，介绍其中一些很酷的想法，故选项A“未来旅行的好主意”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）“You are just like your mother.” This phrase is often said by many. As we grow older, we may notice that we’re getting more like our mother. Yet surprisingly, a new study has found that most people are more similar to (与……相似) their father.
A team of scientists from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in the US found that we inherit (继承) the same number of genes (基因) from mother and father. But we use more of the DNA we inherit from our father.
The study helps us to explain who we are in some ways. And more importantly, it helps us to find out whether we are likely to develop diseases (疾病). For example, if we inherit the gene for a disease from our mother, it may not be as strong as if we had inherited it from our father.
“We know that there are 95 genes affected (影响) by our parents,” said lead researcher Professor Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena. These are called imprinted genes. But now, the study has found that there are thousands of other genes that have come from our parents.
For the study, the scientists chose three different kinds of mice with different genes. The mice then gave birth to nine babies each. When they all grew up, the team then check every single gene of their DNA．They found an imbalance that swung toward their father. Villena also said that the recent study was the first to show that mammals (哺乳动物) are more similar to their fathers than mothers. “This is an exceptional new finding that opens the door to a totally new area of study in human genetics. It’s amazing.” he said.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．All the people are more similar to their fathers.
B．Scientists had carried out similar studies before.
C．Genes are affected more by fathers than by mothers.
D．People inherit more genes from fathers than mothers.
2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．We are stronger than our father and mother.
B．The finding can help us know possible diseases.
C．We inherit exactly the same diseases from our parents.
D．We don’t inherit the gene of a disease from our mother.
3．What does the underlined word “exceptional” mean in the passage
A．excellent B．easy C．natural D．common
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．How many genes affect us in our life
B．How do the scientists carry out a study
C．Are we more like our mother or father
D．Can our genes change when we grow up
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了人们的基因来自父母，大多数人像母亲，但是新的研究发现，我们的基因受到父亲的影响比母亲的更多。
1．推理判断题。根据第五段“But we use more of the DNA we inherit from our father.”可知，我们更多地使用从父亲那里遗传的DNA，C选项“基因受父亲的影响比受母亲的影响更大”符合文意，故选C。
2．主旨大意题。根据“it helps us to find out whether we are likely to develop diseases”可知本段主要介绍了这能帮我们弄清楚我们是否有可能患病，故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据“new finding that opens the door to a totally new area of study in human genetics”可知，这是一个能打开人类遗传学研究的全新领域大门的新发现，A选项“杰出的”符合文意，故选A。
4．最佳标题题。根据第一段“As we grow older, we may notice that we’re getting more like our mother. Yet surprisingly, a new study has found that most people are more similar to their father.”可知，本文主要讲述了人们的基因来自父母，大多数人像母亲，但是新的研究发现，我们的基因受到父亲的影响比母亲的更多，C选项“我们更像父亲还是母亲？”符合题意，故选C。
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）In 2023, Chinese sports stars made waves in sports like chess, snowboarding and running. Their hard work made people across the country cheer. Here are some of 2023’s best sports stars.
Chinese star hurdler Wu Yanni has run into the hearts of Chinese people. She likes to point her index finger at the sky before a race. On August 4th, the 26-year-old won silver (银牌) in the women’s 100 m hurdles at the FISU World University Games. This also got her into the 2024 Paris Olympics. On November 10th, she won gold in the same event at China’s first Student (Youth) Games.
On December 2nd, Su Yiming, a 19-year-old snowboarding star, won gold in the men’s Big Air event at the 2023—2024 International Ski Federation (FIS) Freestyle and Snowboard Big Air World Cup in Beijing. Looking at the Beijing 2022 logo on cooling towers behind him, people remembered Su’s Olympic win. That was China’s first Olympic gold in snowboarding.
Ding Liren made history for China. He became the country’s first male chess player to win the world championship (冠军). Ding is 30 years old. He beat Ian Nepomniachtchi of Russia 2.5—1.5 at the 2023 International Chess Federation World Championship. Ding’s winning is a dream coming true. The dream is not only his—it’s a dream of all Chinese chess players.
On December 19th, 2023, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) brought out the world ranking of Week 51 for the women’s singles. Chinese player Sun Yingsha got No. 1 with 8,550 points. Sun, 23, had an amazing 2023. She made history by winning gold in the women’s singles, women’s doubles and mixed doubles at the 2023 Singapore Smash, a WTT Grand Smash event in March. According to the ITTF, Sun has a strong playing style. People call her the “Little Devil” because of her quick feet and deadly forehands (正手击球).
1．Which fact of the following is true according to the passage
A．Ding Liren became our country’s first chess player to win the world championship.
B．Su Yiming’s win in the World Cup was China’s first international gold in snowboarding.
C．Sun Yingsha is called the“Little Devil”because of her quick hand and deadly forehands.
D．Wu Yanni came second in the women’s 100 m hurdles at the FISU World University Games.
2．Which of the following words can best describe the four sports stars
A．Hard-working. B．Generous. C．Curious. D．Lucky.
3．Where can we usually read this material
A．In a picture book. B．In a magazine. C．In a guide book. D．In a novel.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了2023年中一些最佳体育明星。
1．细节理解题。根据“Chinese star hurdler Wu Yanni has run into the hearts of Chinese people. ... On August 4th, the 26-year-old won silver (银牌) in the women’s 100 m hurdles at the FISU World University Games. ”可知，吴燕妮在FISU世界大学生运动会女子100米跨栏比赛中获得第二名。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据“Their hard work made people across the country cheer.”及四位体育明星取得的惊人成就可知，他们是非常刻苦努力的，故选A。
3．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了2023年中一些最佳体育明星，最可能在杂志上看到，故选B。
（23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·期中）Do you like travelling Do you think travelling is tiring or enjoyable In the year 2070, most of you will be about 60 years old. The good news is that travelling might become smarter by that time. European airline EasyJet has made some predictions (预测) and showed them to the public: The Future Travel Report. Let’s take a look at some of their ideas.
Paper passports will be a thing of the past. You will use “heartbeat passports” instead. According to experts, everyone’s heartbeat is different. So your heartbeat will be taken and be used to tell who you are.
The seats on the plane will no longer be “one size fits all”. You’ll be able to book a seat according to your body type. The seat might even be able to cool or warm you until you feel comfortable with the temperature. There will also be no more screens on the back of your seats. A special machine in the future could show movies straight in front of your eyes.
If you hate packing clothes, you may not need to do it in the future. Before you fly, your body shape will be taken. And when you arrive, you’ll find a wardrobe filled with 3D-printed clothes in your size. When you leave, the clothes can be recycled and reprinted for the next person. You can also 3D print whatever you want to eat.
If you like to visit historic sites (历史古迹), augmented reality (AR，增强现实) will change the game. Wearing a headset, you can see what happened at a historic site, such as a famous battle. You may even be able to sit among the cheering people at the first Olympic Games.
1．According to The Future Travel Report, which of the following can you do
A．You can make your heartbeat different.
B．You can watch a film without a screen.
C．You can wear other people’s 3D-printed clothes.
D．You can take part in a famous battle with a headset.
2．Which is the advantage (优势) of future seats on the plane
A．They have the same size.
B．They can change temperature.
C．They won’t have any screens on the seat.
D．They can show movies in front of your eyes.
3．How does the passage show the functions (功能) of AR
A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories.
C．By giving examples. D．By showing details.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Tips for travelling in the future.
B．Problems with travelling in the future.
C．What travelling will be like in the future.
D．What to do when travelling in the future.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文介绍了在2070年，旅游会变得更加智能化。
1．细节理解题。根据“There will also be no more screens on the back of your seats. A special machine in the future could show movies straight in front of your eyes.”可知未来看电影不需要屏幕。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“The seat might even be able to cool or warm you until you feel comfortable with the temperature.”可知未来飞机上的座椅可以改变温度。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Wearing a headset, you can see what happened at a historic site, such as a famous battle.”可知作者通过举例来告诉读者AR的功能。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The good news is that travelling might become smarter by that time.…Let’s take a look at some of their ideas.”可知本文主要介绍未来旅游是什么样。故选C。
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）People usually feel excited when they go on vacation. But most people feel blue when coming home after travelling. And this feeling is called post-vacation blues. If you feel blue after travelling, here are some ways to help you get out of this bad feeling.
Give yourself a week to relax first. You don’t need to think what to do next and just be relaxed. You can show your pet some love if you have one, watch your favourite TV shows or listen to relaxing music.
After a week, do something useful and keep yourself busy. For example, when I came back from Europe, I felt blue because I didn’t have a job and was living with my parents. So I decided to find a job and make myself busy. If you don’t need a job, just try something like painting your room or tidying your house. You can also do exercise, learn to cook, visit your friends and just do anything you want!
It’s also a good idea to make a photo book and plan your next trip. Your photos taken on vacation help you remember the good times you had. And you can plan to take another trip. Just like Elbert Hubbard said, “No man needs a vacation so much as the man who has just had one.”
Next time when you feel blue, remember to try these ways. You’ll find going back to the real life is not that terrible as you think.
1．The writer uses Elbert Hubbard’s words in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．people feel very tired and are not willing to travel again
B．people who have just had a vacation can plan a new trip
C．people are excited to share their vacation with their friends
D．people hope to travel again because they have had only one trip
2．What does the writer advise us to do after travelling
a. We can do something useful and keep ourselves busy after a week.
b. We should give ourselves a week to relax first.
c. We can make a photo book and keep a diary.
d. We shouldn’t stay up late but live a happy life.
e. We can remember the good times during the trip.
A．abd B．abe C．acd D．bce
3．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage
A．B． C． D．
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．How to spend your holiday happily.
B．How to get out of post-holiday blues.
C．Why people have post-holiday blues.
D．What we should do before travelling.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些方法可以帮助你摆脱度假后糟糕的感觉。
1．推理判断题。根据“Your photos taken on vacation help you remember the good times you had. And you can plan to take another trip. Just like Elbert Hubbard said, ‘No man needs a vacation so much as the man who has just had one.’”可知你在度假时拍的照片有助于你回忆起曾经的美好时光。你可以计划再去一趟，正如埃尔伯特·哈伯德所说：“没有人比刚刚度假的人更需要度假”，所以这句话是表明刚刚度假的人可以计划一次新的旅行。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“After a week, do something useful and keep yourself busy.”可知一周后，做一些有用的事情，让自己忙碌起来；根据“Give yourself a week to relax first”可知先给自己一周时间放松；根据“It’s also a good idea to make a photo book and plan your next trip. Your photos taken on vacation help you remember the good times you had”可知是可以记起旅行中的快乐时光。故选B。
3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二至第四段介绍了一些方法可以帮助你摆脱度假后糟糕的感觉；第五段进行总结。故文章结构是总分总。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一些方法可以帮助你摆脱度假后糟糕的感觉。故选B。
（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital (数字) way in recent years. With the help of digital technology (技术), villagers are living an easier and happier life.
Farming in the past was not an easy job. Farmers worked hard all year round. At the same time, they usually found it difficult to solve problems like plant diseases and pest (害虫). Now, there have been big changes in farming. For example, in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize (施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.
Thanks to the Internet, a new business called rural e-commerce (乡村电子商务) grows. Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster. The business also helps villagers live a digital life. They can get many things done on different kinds of apps. They can also use drones to help with their farm work.
More visitors travel in beautiful villages because of digital technology. A good example is Huacheng Town, Guangdong Province. Visitors can know where to park their cars for free, when to book a ticket easily and what to buy online. They can also enjoy the view of nearly every part of the town by using VR.
1．According to Paragraph 2, we know AI machines can help farmers ________.
A．water the crops
B．harvest the crops
C．know when and where to fertilize
D．save time and energy on farming
2．What is the structure of this passage (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2...)
A． B． C． D．
3．What is the best title of this passage
A．Better village life. B．Tourism in villages.
C．The digital technology. D．A new business in villages.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了数字技术在农村的发展及应用情况。
1．细节理解题。根据“...AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.”可知，人工智能帮助农民施肥和除虫，减少了农民务农所需的时间和精力。故选D。
2．篇章结构题。文章第一段总述了数字技术对农村发展帮助颇多；第二、三、四段分别介绍了数字技术在务农、电子商务和旅游方面的作用。故选A。
3．最佳标题题。根据“With the help of digital technology, villagers are living an easier and happier life.”可知，本文主要介绍了数字技术使村民们过上了更轻松、更幸福的生活，因此A项“更好的乡村生活。”最适合做本文的标题。故选A。
（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Students from a middle school in Changchun, northeast China’s Jilin Province, recently spent over four months completing an amazing relief mural (浮雕壁画). They were inspired (被激励) by the famous painting “A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains” by Wang Ximeng, an artist from China’s Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).
The mural was completed by 21 students from Changchun No.150 Middle School, with the help of their teacher Duan Yingzi. It was completed on the wall of the school’s art classroom, measuring (测量) nearly 3.5 meters in height and 11 meters in length.
The teacher Duan Yingzi explained that students could only see the artwork in books and were unable to fully experience its splendor (壮丽) before. By drawing the painting, she believes that students can experience the cultural confidence from traditional Chinese culture and have a deeper understanding of the ancient Chinese artist’s wisdom.
1．How many days did the students spend completing the mural
A．60 B．80 C．96 D．129
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Changchun No.150 Middle School is in northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province.
B．The wall of the art classroom is nearly 3.5 meters in length and 11 meters in height.
C．Duan Yingzi thinks the students can experience the cultural confidence by drawing.
D．The mural “A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains” was painted by Wang Ximeng.
3．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Nature B．Culture C．Fashion D．History
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了长春市一所中学21名的学生们在段英子老师的帮助下完成了一幅令人惊叹的浮雕壁画，其灵感来自北宋画家王希孟的名画《千里江山图》，通过画这幅画，学生们可以体验到中国传统文化和文化的自信。
1．推理判断题。根据“Students…spent over four months completing an amazing relief mural”可知，这些学生花了“四个多月”的时间完成了这幅浮雕壁画，又结合常识可知，一个月大约有30天，四个月30×4=120天，则符合“四个多月”天数的选项为D“129天”。故选D
2．细节理解题。根据“By drawing the painting, she believes that students can experience the cultural confidence from traditional Chinese culture…”可知，学生可以通过绘画来体验文化自信。故选C。
3．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了长春市一所中学21名的学生们在段英子老师的帮助下完成了一幅令人惊叹的浮雕壁画，可推测这篇文章与中国传统文化有关，有可能会出现在杂志的文化板块。故选B。
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Sunshine, beaches and coconuts (椰子) —these are why people usually go to Hainan. But more than a good place for travelers and foodies, it’s also a wonderland of plants and animals.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south-central part of Hainan Island, has the most and well-kept tropical rain forests in China. President Xi Jinping visited it in April, 2023. The national park covers 4, 269 square kilometers, or one-seventh of the island. More than 95percent of the park is virgin (原始的) forest and is home to 3,653 species (种类) of vascular plants and 540 species of terrestrial vertebrates.
The park is the only home of the world’s most endangered primate (灵长类动物)—the Hainan gibbon. It’s an uncommon species. They look like monkeys, but have no tails. They live in the trees their whole life. Every morning, they whistle loudly to mark their territory (领地) . They eat fruits and leaves from more than 130 plants. The number of Hainan gibbons has become larger from fewer than 10 in the 1980s to 36 in 2022. This shows China’s achievements in environmental protection.
Not just a sweet home to animals, the park is a “live museum” of amazing plants. More than 400 kinds of plants grow only in Hainan. Cycas hainanensis (海南苏铁) is a wild plant native to the island. With feather-like leaves, this plant can live to be 200 years old. If it lives in the Yangtze River Basin and North China, it grows almost without flowers or fruit. But in Hainan, cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom (开花) and have fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and wet weather.
With so many plants and animals, the biodiversity index (指数) of the park—a number to rate species diversity—is as high as 6.28. It is comparable (可比较的) to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That’s why people call the park a treasure for both China and the world.
1．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．an introduction to the park B．the views of the park
C．the news of the park's opening D．details of rare plants and animals
2．What do we know about the Hainan gibbon
A．It is a monkey without a tail. B．Its voice sounds like a crying baby.
C．It lives on plants and birds. D．It is a species only found in Hainan.
3．From the story, we can infer that a cycas hainanensis plant ________.
A．never blossoms and has fruit B．can only live for 10 years in Hainan
C．lives better in warm and wet weather D．first blossoms when it is 10 years old
4．Which of the following may be the writer’s opinion
A．Human activities will surely hurt the rainforest.
B．We must start to do something for rare species.
C．China has done a great job in protecting the rainforest.
D．We should compare our rainforest with the Amazon rainforest.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园及其动植物的多样性。
1．主旨大意题。根据第三段可知，国家公园占地4269平方公里，占全岛面积的七分之一。公园95%以上是原始森林，是3653种维管植物和540种陆生脊椎动物的家园。这是对国家公园的介绍。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The park is the only home of the world’s most endangered primate (灵长类动物)—the Hainan gibbon.”可知，该公园是世界上最濒危的灵长类动物海南长臂猿的唯一栖息地。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“But in Hainan, cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom (开花) and have fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and wet weather.”可知，但在海南，由于天气温暖潮湿，10年以上的海南苏铁几乎每年都会开花结果，说明苏铁在温暖潮湿的气候中生长得更好。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通过全文和“It is comparable to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil.”可知，主要介绍了海南热带雨林国家公园，其动植物的多样性可与巴西的亚马逊雨林相媲美。由此可知在保护热带雨林方面，中国做得很好。故选C。
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）Time flies when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted (被吸引) by smartphones but easily bored by studying
It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine. Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical (化学物质)” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.
Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why
When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post. This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out.
And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits (设置时间限制) on apps so that we do not overuse them.
“As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it”, said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student, “You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn”.
1．What might the underlined phrase “boils down to” mean in Paragraph 2
A．results from B．turns out C．leads to D．works out
2．When do people have more dopamine
A．When they know what will happen next.
B．When they stay in a familiar environment.
C．When they get used to something.
D．When their expectations are met.
3．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．We are attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying.
B．Our brains give dopamine out before we exercise or get a prize.
C．The “magic of maybe” excites us when we receive messages.
D．Apps can become less attractive if we change the sound of notifications.
4．Which of the following might Daniel Wong suggest to make learning interesting
A．Setting time limits on everything you do.
B．Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life.
C．Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life.
D．Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要解释了为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦。
1．词句猜测题。根据“Why are we so attracted (被吸引) by smartphones but easily bored by studying It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine.”可知，我们被智能手机吸引却很容易厌倦学习，这一切都归结为一个小而难以看到的东西——多巴胺。故“boils down to”表示“归结于”，与“results from”语义相近。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out.”可知，当我们的期望得到满足时，多巴胺就会被释放出来。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“Why are we so attracted (被吸引) by smartphones but easily bored by studying ”可知，我们被智能手机所吸引，但很容易对学习感到厌倦。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn”可知，Daniel Wong可能建议把从课本上学到的东西运用到现实生活中去，这样可以让学习变得有趣。故选B。期中复习之说明文15篇
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）You change into your pajamas, turn off the lights, and get yourself ready to sleep. How do you liker to sleep better, on the back or on your side Here are some interesting sleeping positions.
Starfish Position
Starfish is when you lie on your back and sleep with your arms lifted near your head. Sleep scientist Idzikowski says starfish sleepers value friendship, and that while they prefer not to be the center of attention, people who sleep in this position are good listeners and quick to help others.
Fetal Position
The fetal position gets its name from the shape of a baby in the womb. People who sleep in the fetal position tend towards worry and anxiety. They are often shy and sensitive. In the fetal position, a sleeper’s body is usually curled up into a ball as they lie on one side with legs and arms bent.
Soldier Position
This sleeping position is kind of strange, but common. It’s when you sleep on your back with your arms down and very close to your body. Studies have shown that people who sleep like this may do not like to make a big deal out of things. It is actually a good sleeping position, as it helps keep your spine in a straight line.
Freefall Position
If this sleeping position is not familiar to you, you should know that at least 7% of the world’s population sleep that way. In this position, you have your hands on or around your pillow, with your head turned to one side. But it may create a twist in the neck. Some studies show that generally you’re good at listening and chatting with others and you may be a social worker if you like to sleep in this position.
1．Which of the following pictures is most likely Fetal Position
A． B． C． D．
2．If someone likes to sleep in the Freefall Position, he might like __________.
A．staying home alone B．giving a helping hand
C．planning everything carefully D．communicating with others
3．The passage can usually be read in the __________ part of the newspaper.
A．business B．travel
C．life D．sports
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）。
In our life, we should often be ready for change that will help us unlock (释放) our self-improvement power. However, we don’t always understand it. We think of unlocking our self-improvement power only when everything gets worst.
When do we realize (意识到) that we need to change diets When none of our shirts and jeans would fit us. When do we stop eating candies and chocolates When all of our teeth have fallen off.
Most of us will learn about unlocking our self-improvement power only when the whole world falls apart. We think and feel this way because it is not easy to change. However, change becomes more painful when we pay no attention to it.
Change will happen, like it or hate it. At one point or another, we are all going to finally unlock our self-improvement power, not because the world says so, but because we realize it’s good for ourselves.
Happy people don’t just accept change; they welcome it. Unlocking our self-improvement power means unlocking ourselves out of the box of thought that is just the way we are. It is such a poor excuse for people who fear change.
Jane always tells everyone that she is afraid of being around groups of people. Over the years, that is what Jane has believed. Every time a great crowd come, she steps back and locks herself up in a room. Jane not only believes in her story, but lives it!
If we look at things in a different way, we might have greater fun. Doing exercise three times a week would lead to a healthier life. Reading books every day would build up knowledge. And only when we are enjoying the whole process (过程) of unlocking our self-improvement power, will we realize that we can take things light and become happy.
1．What’s the writing purpose of Paragraph 1
A．To tell a story. B．To solve a problem.
C．To give an example. D．To introduce a topic.
2．What advice might be given to help solve Jane’s problem
A．Always believe in herself. B．Get on with people in a friendly way.
C．Unlock herself out of the box of thought. D．Count the days until she is fully improved.
3．We should put the following sentence at the end of ________
We see the warning signs when things get difficult.
A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5
4．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Is It Important to Take Things Light
B．Is It Necessary to Believe in Yourselves
C．To Hold on to The Last Moment or to Give Up
D．To Unlock Ourselves out of the Box of Thought or to Stay in It
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）
Raisins are grapes! Raisins are nothing but dried grapes. Do you know how to make raisins at home Here is an easy way to make raisins at home. You can do it with your parents on a summer afternoon. What you’ll need ● some seedless grapes ● one clean plate or a dish ● a piece of clean cloth Step ●Remove (移除) the pedicels. ●Wash the grapes. To have the bright and fresh color of the grapes after you dry them, add a little lime juice (青柠汁) to the water when washing. ●Dry the grapes with the cloth. Or simply let them sit for some time until the water runs out. ●Put them in the dish and set the dish in a dry sunny place. If the weather gets cold and rainy at night, you can get the plate inside the house for the night and then place it out in the morning. Tips: Don’t cover the dish. Check it each day for two weeks. What happens next The water inside each grape moves through the skin of the grapes and goes into the air and disappears. So the wet grapes slowly dry out and turn into raisins. It may take a month or more for the grapes to dry, so be patient (耐心的).
1．According to the passage, there are ________ steps to make raisins.
A．One B．Two C．Three D．Four
2．In order to make sure that grapes can turn into raisins, we should ________.
A．make them in winter B．let your dog watch out for them
C．remove the skin of the grapes D．take care of them every day for 14 days
3．Why do we have to be patient and wait until grapes become dry
A．Because the grapes must become wet.
B．Because the water inside is easy to go into the air.
C．Because we can only pick the grapes in late summer.
D．Because the water may not disappear until four weeks later.
4．This passage is possibly from __________.
A． B．
C． D．
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）Travel is fun and exciting, but it’s not if you get sick. You may think, “Not me, I won’t get sick on my vacation.” But for many people, that is what happens. Of course you don’t want to spend your vacation sick in bed. So what can you do to stay in good health There are three things you should remember when you travel: relax, sleep and eat well.
A vacation should be a time for relaxing. But very often it is not. Think about what you do when you are a tourist. There are so many places to visit: museums, shops, parks and churches. You may spend most days walking around these places. You may be very tired. Your feet may hurt and you may have a terrible headache after a few hours. If this is the way you feel, you should take a rest. Don’t ask your body to do too much. A tired body means a weak body. And a weak body gets sick easily. So sit down for a few hours in a nice place. In good weather, look for a quiet park chair or you can stop at a corner. You can learn a lot by watching people while you rest.
Sleep is also important. If you want to stay healthy, you need to get enough sleep. You may have trouble sleeping at night when you travel. Your hotel room may be noisy or the bed may be uncomfortable. If this is true, don’t be afraid to change rooms or hotels, or you may not get enough sleep. You may want to stay out late at night. In many cities the nightlife can be very interesting. Then you should plan to sleep for an hour during the day. That extra hour can make a big difference.
Finally, if you want to stay healthy, you must eat well. That means eating the right kinds of food. Your body needs fresh fruits and vegetables, and some meat, milk or cheese. When you are in a new country, you may want to try new food but you need to be careful about how much you eat. Lots of rich food is not good for you.
1．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．relaxing when you travel B．how exciting travel is
C．what to eat when you travel D．how to stay healthy when you travel
2．Travelling around can be ________.
A．no fun B．unhealthy C．very tiring D．the best way to relax
3．It’s a good idea to ________ when travelling.
A．get some rest every day B．change hotels
C．spend every night in hotels D．try a lot of rich food
4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true
A．If you want to stay healthy, you must eat much.
B．Your body needs lots of rich food when you travel.
C．When you are in a new country, you may try all new food.
D．If you want to enjoy your vacation, eating the right kinds of food is necessary.
（23-24八年级下·江苏淮安·期中）Studies (研究) have found that money can make people happy. But happiness is not about having money. Instead, it’s about giving money. It could be buying a present for a friend. It could be buying a homeless person food to eat. It could be giving money to a person in need. Just think about the first time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel You feel happy when you give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.
Ubuntu, an African (非洲的) word, means connecting (连接) your happiness to others. There is a story about a man visiting Africa. He asked some kids to run to a nearby tree. The first child to touch the tree would get one piece of candy. Surprisingly, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. The children simply said they could only enjoy the candies if everyone had one.
Clearly, those children know that the secret (秘密) to happiness is making others happy.
1．Where is the underlined word “Ubuntu” in the second paragraph from
A．Africa B．Asia. C．Australia. D．America.
2．The children held hands to run together because ________.
A．the man asked them to do so. B．they liked to hold hands while running.
C．each of them could get one piece of candy. D．holding hands was a very interesting thing.
3．What does the writer try to tell us in the article
A．Having money can make people happy.
B．Running for candies makes children happy.
C．If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.
D．You will feel happy when you make others happy.
（23-24八年级下·江苏连云港·期中）Scientists found the tiniest vertebrate (脊椎动物) in the world! It’s called the Brazilian flea toad (巴西跳蚤蟾蜍). However, here’s the funny thing—it’s not actually a toad or a flea, but a special kind of frog that lives on a few hills in Brazil.
Male Brazilian flea toads are only about 7 millimeters long and females (雌性) are about 8 millimeters. One could easily sit on the tip of your finger.
Being so small, their bodies look a bit different compared to those of other frogs. While most frogs have five toes on their back legs and four toes on their front legs, these little frogs only have two toes, according to Science News.
They also can’t jump like a flea. A study in 2022 found that when they try to jump, they lose their balance (平衡)! They’re just so small that their bodies aren’t good at helping them stay balanced.
Scientists believe that there are still many other mini “surprises” waiting to be found out there in the world. And anything smaller than six millimeters long would teach us a lot about how animals’ bodies work.
1．What can we know about the Brazilian flea toad
A．It’s a toad. B．It’s a flea. C．It’s a special kind of frog. D．It is good at jumping.
2．How long are male Brazilian flea toads
A．About 7 millimeters. B．About 8 millimeters.
C．About 9 millimeters. D．About 10 millimeters.
3．Why can’t Brazilian flea toads jump like a flea
A．Because they could easily sit on the tip of your finger.
B．Because they are so small that their bodies aren’t good at helping them stay balanced.
C．Because they live on a few hills in Brazil.
D．Because they have fewer toes than other frogs.
4．What’s the best title of the passage
A．A Study in 2022 B．The Tiniest Vertebrate in the World
C．Some Facts about Frogs D．Ways to Keep Balanced
（23-24八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）In the year 2070, most of you will be more than 60 years old. The good news is that travel might become smarter by that time. European airline (航空公司) easyJet has made some predictions and released (发布) easyJet 2070—The Future Travel Report. Let’s take a look at some cool ideas.
Heartbeat (心跳) passport
Paper passports will be a thing of the past. You will use “heartbeat passports” instead. According to experts, everyone’s heartbeat is different. So the data will be used to tell who you are.
More comfortable flight
The seats on the plane will no longer be “one size fits all”. You’ll actually be able to book a seat according to your body type. The seat might even be able to cool or warm you to your favourite temperature. There will also be no more screens on the back of your seats. A future device (设备) could show movies straight in front of your eyes.
Printed clothes and food
If you hate packing clothes, you may not need to do it in the future. Before you fly, you will have a body scan (扫描). When you arrive, you’ll find a wardrobe (衣橱) filled with 3D-printed clothes in your size. When you leave, the clothes can be recycled and reprinted for the next person. You can also 3D print whatever you want to eat.
Bring history back to life
If you like to visit place of interest, augmented reality (AR增强现实) will change the game. Wearing a headset (头戴式视图器), you can see what happened there, such as a famous war.
1．In 2070, heartbeat passports will be used because ________.
A．paper passports are a waste of paper
B．the data of everyone’s heartbeat will tell who they are
C．they can be made at a lower price
D．experts don’t allow people to use paper passports
2．________ will make you comfortable in your flight in 2070.
a. A seat according to your body type
b. Movies shown straight in front of your eyes
c. Big screens on the back of your seats
d. A seat with your preferred temperature
A．acd B．abc C．abd D．bcd
3．What will be the best title of the passage
A．Good ideas for future travel
B．Better lifestyles in the future
C．Future devices on the plane
D．High technology in 2070
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）“You are just like your mother.” This phrase is often said by many. As we grow older, we may notice that we’re getting more like our mother. Yet surprisingly, a new study has found that most people are more similar to (与……相似) their father.
A team of scientists from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in the US found that we inherit (继承) the same number of genes (基因) from mother and father. But we use more of the DNA we inherit from our father.
The study helps us to explain who we are in some ways. And more importantly, it helps us to find out whether we are likely to develop diseases (疾病). For example, if we inherit the gene for a disease from our mother, it may not be as strong as if we had inherited it from our father.
“We know that there are 95 genes affected (影响) by our parents,” said lead researcher Professor Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena. These are called imprinted genes. But now, the study has found that there are thousands of other genes that have come from our parents.
For the study, the scientists chose three different kinds of mice with different genes. The mice then gave birth to nine babies each. When they all grew up, the team then check every single gene of their DNA．They found an imbalance that swung toward their father. Villena also said that the recent study was the first to show that mammals (哺乳动物) are more similar to their fathers than mothers. “This is an exceptional new finding that opens the door to a totally new area of study in human genetics. It’s amazing.” he said.
1．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．All the people are more similar to their fathers.
B．Scientists had carried out similar studies before.
C．Genes are affected more by fathers than by mothers.
D．People inherit more genes from fathers than mothers.
2．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A．We are stronger than our father and mother.
B．The finding can help us know possible diseases.
C．We inherit exactly the same diseases from our parents.
D．We don’t inherit the gene of a disease from our mother.
3．What does the underlined word “exceptional” mean in the passage
A．excellent B．easy C．natural D．common
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．How many genes affect us in our life
B．How do the scientists carry out a study
C．Are we more like our mother or father
D．Can our genes change when we grow up
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）In 2023, Chinese sports stars made waves in sports like chess, snowboarding and running. Their hard work made people across the country cheer. Here are some of 2023’s best sports stars.
Chinese star hurdler Wu Yanni has run into the hearts of Chinese people. She likes to point her index finger at the sky before a race. On August 4th, the 26-year-old won silver (银牌) in the women’s 100 m hurdles at the FISU World University Games. This also got her into the 2024 Paris Olympics. On November 10th, she won gold in the same event at China’s first Student (Youth) Games.
On December 2nd, Su Yiming, a 19-year-old snowboarding star, won gold in the men’s Big Air event at the 2023—2024 International Ski Federation (FIS) Freestyle and Snowboard Big Air World Cup in Beijing. Looking at the Beijing 2022 logo on cooling towers behind him, people remembered Su’s Olympic win. That was China’s first Olympic gold in snowboarding.
Ding Liren made history for China. He became the country’s first male chess player to win the world championship (冠军). Ding is 30 years old. He beat Ian Nepomniachtchi of Russia 2.5—1.5 at the 2023 International Chess Federation World Championship. Ding’s winning is a dream coming true. The dream is not only his—it’s a dream of all Chinese chess players.
On December 19th, 2023, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) brought out the world ranking of Week 51 for the women’s singles. Chinese player Sun Yingsha got No. 1 with 8,550 points. Sun, 23, had an amazing 2023. She made history by winning gold in the women’s singles, women’s doubles and mixed doubles at the 2023 Singapore Smash, a WTT Grand Smash event in March. According to the ITTF, Sun has a strong playing style. People call her the “Little Devil” because of her quick feet and deadly forehands (正手击球).
1．Which fact of the following is true according to the passage
A．Ding Liren became our country’s first chess player to win the world championship.
B．Su Yiming’s win in the World Cup was China’s first international gold in snowboarding.
C．Sun Yingsha is called the“Little Devil”because of her quick hand and deadly forehands.
D．Wu Yanni came second in the women’s 100 m hurdles at the FISU World University Games.
2．Which of the following words can best describe the four sports stars
A．Hard-working. B．Generous. C．Curious. D．Lucky.
3．Where can we usually read this material
A．In a picture book. B．In a magazine. C．In a guide book. D．In a novel.
（23-24八年级下·江苏苏州·期中）Do you like travelling Do you think travelling is tiring or enjoyable In the year 2070, most of you will be about 60 years old. The good news is that travelling might become smarter by that time. European airline EasyJet has made some predictions (预测) and showed them to the public: The Future Travel Report. Let’s take a look at some of their ideas.
Paper passports will be a thing of the past. You will use “heartbeat passports” instead. According to experts, everyone’s heartbeat is different. So your heartbeat will be taken and be used to tell who you are.
The seats on the plane will no longer be “one size fits all”. You’ll be able to book a seat according to your body type. The seat might even be able to cool or warm you until you feel comfortable with the temperature. There will also be no more screens on the back of your seats. A special machine in the future could show movies straight in front of your eyes.
If you hate packing clothes, you may not need to do it in the future. Before you fly, your body shape will be taken. And when you arrive, you’ll find a wardrobe filled with 3D-printed clothes in your size. When you leave, the clothes can be recycled and reprinted for the next person. You can also 3D print whatever you want to eat.
If you like to visit historic sites (历史古迹), augmented reality (AR，增强现实) will change the game. Wearing a headset, you can see what happened at a historic site, such as a famous battle. You may even be able to sit among the cheering people at the first Olympic Games.
1．According to The Future Travel Report, which of the following can you do
A．You can make your heartbeat different.
B．You can watch a film without a screen.
C．You can wear other people’s 3D-printed clothes.
D．You can take part in a famous battle with a headset.
2．Which is the advantage (优势) of future seats on the plane
A．They have the same size.
B．They can change temperature.
C．They won’t have any screens on the seat.
D．They can show movies in front of your eyes.
3．How does the passage show the functions (功能) of AR
A．By asking questions. B．By telling stories.
C．By giving examples. D．By showing details.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Tips for travelling in the future.
B．Problems with travelling in the future.
C．What travelling will be like in the future.
D．What to do when travelling in the future.
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）People usually feel excited when they go on vacation. But most people feel blue when coming home after travelling. And this feeling is called post-vacation blues. If you feel blue after travelling, here are some ways to help you get out of this bad feeling.
Give yourself a week to relax first. You don’t need to think what to do next and just be relaxed. You can show your pet some love if you have one, watch your favourite TV shows or listen to relaxing music.
After a week, do something useful and keep yourself busy. For example, when I came back from Europe, I felt blue because I didn’t have a job and was living with my parents. So I decided to find a job and make myself busy. If you don’t need a job, just try something like painting your room or tidying your house. You can also do exercise, learn to cook, visit your friends and just do anything you want!
It’s also a good idea to make a photo book and plan your next trip. Your photos taken on vacation help you remember the good times you had. And you can plan to take another trip. Just like Elbert Hubbard said, “No man needs a vacation so much as the man who has just had one.”
Next time when you feel blue, remember to try these ways. You’ll find going back to the real life is not that terrible as you think.
1．The writer uses Elbert Hubbard’s words in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．people feel very tired and are not willing to travel again
B．people who have just had a vacation can plan a new trip
C．people are excited to share their vacation with their friends
D．people hope to travel again because they have had only one trip
2．What does the writer advise us to do after travelling
a. We can do something useful and keep ourselves busy after a week.
b. We should give ourselves a week to relax first.
c. We can make a photo book and keep a diary.
d. We shouldn’t stay up late but live a happy life.
e. We can remember the good times during the trip.
A．abd B．abe C．acd D．bce
3．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage
A．B． C． D．
4．What is the passage mainly about
A．How to spend your holiday happily.
B．How to get out of post-holiday blues.
C．Why people have post-holiday blues.
D．What we should do before travelling.
（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Villages in China have enjoyed their development in a digital (数字) way in recent years. With the help of digital technology (技术), villagers are living an easier and happier life.
Farming in the past was not an easy job. Farmers worked hard all year round. At the same time, they usually found it difficult to solve problems like plant diseases and pest (害虫). Now, there have been big changes in farming. For example, in Dayi County, Sichuan Province, AI machines help local farmers know when and how to fertilize (施肥) and kill pests. In this way, they make farmers work more easily with less time and energy.
Thanks to the Internet, a new business called rural e-commerce (乡村电子商务) grows. Selling fresh fruit and vegetables to cities is faster. The business also helps villagers live a digital life. They can get many things done on different kinds of apps. They can also use drones to help with their farm work.
More visitors travel in beautiful villages because of digital technology. A good example is Huacheng Town, Guangdong Province. Visitors can know where to park their cars for free, when to book a ticket easily and what to buy online. They can also enjoy the view of nearly every part of the town by using VR.
1．According to Paragraph 2, we know AI machines can help farmers ________.
A．water the crops
B．harvest the crops
C．know when and where to fertilize
D．save time and energy on farming
2．What is the structure of this passage (①= Paragraph 1, ②= Paragraph 2...)
A． B． C． D．
3．What is the best title of this passage
A．Better village life. B．Tourism in villages.
C．The digital technology. D．A new business in villages.
（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期中）Students from a middle school in Changchun, northeast China’s Jilin Province, recently spent over four months completing an amazing relief mural (浮雕壁画). They were inspired (被激励) by the famous painting “A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains” by Wang Ximeng, an artist from China’s Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).
The mural was completed by 21 students from Changchun No.150 Middle School, with the help of their teacher Duan Yingzi. It was completed on the wall of the school’s art classroom, measuring (测量) nearly 3.5 meters in height and 11 meters in length.
The teacher Duan Yingzi explained that students could only see the artwork in books and were unable to fully experience its splendor (壮丽) before. By drawing the painting, she believes that students can experience the cultural confidence from traditional Chinese culture and have a deeper understanding of the ancient Chinese artist’s wisdom.
1．How many days did the students spend completing the mural
A．60 B．80 C．96 D．129
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．Changchun No.150 Middle School is in northeast China’s Heilongjiang Province.
B．The wall of the art classroom is nearly 3.5 meters in length and 11 meters in height.
C．Duan Yingzi thinks the students can experience the cultural confidence by drawing.
D．The mural “A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains” was painted by Wang Ximeng.
3．In which part of a magazine can we read this passage
A．Nature B．Culture C．Fashion D．History
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24八年级下·江苏南通·期中）Sunshine, beaches and coconuts (椰子) —these are why people usually go to Hainan. But more than a good place for travelers and foodies, it’s also a wonderland of plants and animals.
Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south-central part of Hainan Island, has the most and well-kept tropical rain forests in China. President Xi Jinping visited it in April, 2023. The national park covers 4, 269 square kilometers, or one-seventh of the island. More than 95percent of the park is virgin (原始的) forest and is home to 3,653 species (种类) of vascular plants and 540 species of terrestrial vertebrates.
The park is the only home of the world’s most endangered primate (灵长类动物)—the Hainan gibbon. It’s an uncommon species. They look like monkeys, but have no tails. They live in the trees their whole life. Every morning, they whistle loudly to mark their territory (领地) . They eat fruits and leaves from more than 130 plants. The number of Hainan gibbons has become larger from fewer than 10 in the 1980s to 36 in 2022. This shows China’s achievements in environmental protection.
Not just a sweet home to animals, the park is a “live museum” of amazing plants. More than 400 kinds of plants grow only in Hainan. Cycas hainanensis (海南苏铁) is a wild plant native to the island. With feather-like leaves, this plant can live to be 200 years old. If it lives in the Yangtze River Basin and North China, it grows almost without flowers or fruit. But in Hainan, cycas hainanensis plants over 10 years old blossom (开花) and have fruit almost every year, thanks to the warm and wet weather.
With so many plants and animals, the biodiversity index (指数) of the park—a number to rate species diversity—is as high as 6.28. It is comparable (可比较的) to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That’s why people call the park a treasure for both China and the world.
1．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A．an introduction to the park B．the views of the park
C．the news of the park's opening D．details of rare plants and animals
2．What do we know about the Hainan gibbon
A．It is a monkey without a tail. B．Its voice sounds like a crying baby.
C．It lives on plants and birds. D．It is a species only found in Hainan.
3．From the story, we can infer that a cycas hainanensis plant ________.
A．never blossoms and has fruit B．can only live for 10 years in Hainan
C．lives better in warm and wet weather D．first blossoms when it is 10 years old
4．Which of the following may be the writer’s opinion
A．Human activities will surely hurt the rainforest.
B．We must start to do something for rare species.
C．China has done a great job in protecting the rainforest.
D．We should compare our rainforest with the Amazon rainforest.
（23-24八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）Time flies when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted (被吸引) by smartphones but easily bored by studying
It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine. Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical (化学物质)” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.
Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why
When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post. This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out.
And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications (通知) or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits (设置时间限制) on apps so that we do not overuse them.
“As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it”, said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student, “You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn”.
1．What might the underlined phrase “boils down to” mean in Paragraph 2
A．results from B．turns out C．leads to D．works out
2．When do people have more dopamine
A．When they know what will happen next.
B．When they stay in a familiar environment.
C．When they get used to something.
D．When their expectations are met.
3．Which statement is TRUE according to the passage
A．We are attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying.
B．Our brains give dopamine out before we exercise or get a prize.
C．The “magic of maybe” excites us when we receive messages.
D．Apps can become less attractive if we change the sound of notifications.
4．Which of the following might Daniel Wong suggest to make learning interesting
A．Setting time limits on everything you do.
B．Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life.
C．Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life.
D．Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others.
