Unit 5 Launching Your Career Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
bounce v.(使)弹起; 上下晃动 n. _____________
__________ n.天资;天赋
scenario n. _____________
__________ n.律师
assemble vt. _____________ v.收集;聚集; 集合
drawer n.抽屉
__________ n.乳房；胸部
hydrogen n.氢;氢气
radium n.镭
__________ n.手腕；腕关节
bridegroom n.新郎
geometry n. _____________
__________ n.债务；欠款
profile n. _____________ vt.扼要介绍;概述;写简介
2. 重点短语
bounce around _____________
head start 起步前的优势
a chest of drawers 抽屉柜
__________ 把……弄清楚;解决
__________ 作为成年人
make a choice _____________
further education 继续教育，进修
get some insight on... _____________
__________ 表现出对……的天赋
__________ 适合·····
__________ 为某人提供某物
the rest of _____________
look back 回顾，回头看
in years to come _____________
三、重点句型
1. Is it essential that teenagers decide on a career before they become adults (It is/was+adj.+that从句.)
2. Of course, while completing these sorts of tests, it is very important to be honest... (状语从句的省略)
二、易错点讲解
1. It is/was+adj.+that从句.
It is/was+adj.+ that...句型中,形容词若是essential, natural, strange, necessary, important, vital 等,that从句要用虚拟语气:谓语动词用(should) do, should意为“应该，必须”,可以省略,被动用(should) be done.
Time limited, it is necessary that you (should) set off immediately to negotiate with that company.
时间有限，你有必要立即动身去和那家公司谈判。
It was obvious that our opponents would not show mercy to us.
很明显我们的对手不会对我们仁慈。
2.状语从句的省略
时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中的省略有下列两种情况:
(1)若从句主语跟主句主语一致，且从句的谓语含有 be,则从句的主语和be常可一起省略。
When (she was) hatching her eggs, the hen didn't notice a fox approaching.
母鸡正在孵蛋,它没注意到一只狐狸正在靠近。
When (he was) asked why he didn't take part in the league, he said nothing.
当被问及他为什么没参加这次联赛时,他什么也没说。
(2)若从句中含有it is/was,且表语多是形容词necessary, possible等,则省略it is/was。
if/when necessary如果有必要的话/在必要的时候
if/when possible 如果可能的话/在可能的时候
If (it is) necessary I can withdraw all my money from the bank to help you.
如果有必要的话,我可以从银行取出我所有的钱来帮助你。
三、基础练习
1.So curious was the __________ (detect) about the man wearing sunglasses that he decided to follow him.
2.Medicine should be kept out of children's reach, which is __________ he always puts it in the top drawer.
3.Managers feel it their duty to spy __________ their staff to make sure what they are doing is related to their job.
4.He has been an active __________ (participate) in the discussion.
5.She is writing to apply for a job as an __________ (account) in a company.
6.I wish I __________ (set) off earlier this morning, and then I would be on the train now.
7.It is whispered that he is heavily __________ debt, so I think he can't pay for a new house.
8. __________ is often the case with children, Tom was better by the time the doctor arrived.
9.Thinking that you have __________ in fact you don't have is a serious mistake.
10. __________ conclusion, we should be aware that nothing is more valuable than health.
四、思维拓展
1.阅读理解
Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields—the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
11.What does Ellen Langer’s study show
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist.
B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
12.The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure. B. works hard to become successful.
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers.
13.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
14.What does the text seem to advocate
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
2. 七选五
How to choose a college major and develop a career plan
Going to college can seem daunting(使人畏惧的), and no small part of that is the prospect of having to choose a major, which will set the course for the rest of your career life. Here are some steps that might help make your decision easier:
Step 1: Consider your interests and passions.
Do you want a career where you’ll be able to express yourself, or work with numbers ①_______ The average person will spend nearly 100, 000 hours working in their profession before retirement. Make sure that time will be spent doing something you enjoy!
Step 2: Consider how long you want to be in school.
If you’re pursuing a career in professional fields like medicine or law, you may require more than a four- year degree to get the job that you want. ②_______ Will you want to jump right into a job after you graduate, or do you really want to dive into higher education These are important when deciding what major is the best fit for you.
Step 3: Research prospective careers.
If you think you have a career in mind，do some investigating in person or online. Try connecting with people in the field and ask them what challenges they faced in getting their degrees and finding jobs afterwards. ③_______ Their journeys to success might surprise you!
Step 4: ④_______
Remember, you don't have to make this decision right away. Taking basic-level courses when you first get to college helps decide your level of interest in pursuing a degree program. Plus, you could always decide to be an Interdisciplinary(跨学科的) studies major! ⑤_______ Thus, you can discover where your interests lie, and have classes related to the career that you want.
A. Give yourself enough time to decide.
B. Think about what you like to do in high school.
C. What if your major conflicts with your parents’ expectations
D. Are you passionate about justice, or do you want to have a career focused on helping people
E. If you can’t connect in person, try to find role models online and read about their histories.
F. This degree program gives you the freedom and flexibility to take a wide variety of classes.
G. On the other hand，there are some careers where a master’s degree won’t necessarily be helpful.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案： detective
解析：句意为:侦探对那个戴墨镜的男人太好奇了,于是决定跟踪他。根据语境可知,此处是指“侦探”,故填detective。
2.答案：why
解析：句意为:药物应放在孩子够不着的地方,这就是为什么他总是把药放在最上面的抽屉里。_____ he always puts it in the top drawer 是表语从句,根据语境可知,此处应用连接词why表示原因。
3.答案：on
解析：句意为:经理们觉得监视员工以确保员工们所做的事情与工作有关是他们的责任。spy on为固定搭配,意为“监视”。故填on。
4.答案： participant
解析：句意为:他一直积极参与这次讨论。设空处作表语,其前有不定冠词an和形容词active修饰,应用名词单数形式,且根据句意可知,此处表示“参与者”。故填participant。
5.答案：accountant
解析：句意为:她正在写信申请一家公司的会计职位。设空处在介词as后作宾语,其前有不定冠词an,应用名词单数形式,且根据句意可知,此处表示“会计”。故填accountant。
6.答案： had set
解析：句意为:我多希望我今天早上能早点动身,那么我现在就在火车上了。根据this morning可知,wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气,此处表示对过去的虚拟,从句应用过去完成时。故填had set。
7.答案： in
解析：句意为:有人私下说他负债严重,所以我认为他买不起一所新房子。in debt为固定搭配,意为“负债”。故填in。
8.答案： As
解析：句意为:就像孩子们通常的状况一样,医生到达时汤姆已经好些了。as is often the case with...为固定句型,意为“……情况常常如此”。故填As。
9.答案：what
解析：句意为:认为自己拥有实际上并未拥有的事物是一个严重的错误。_____ in fact you don't have是宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,意为“……的东西”,所以应填what。
10.答案：In
解析：句意为:总之,我们应该意识到没有什么比健康更宝贵。in conclusion为固定搭配,意为“总之;最后”。故填In。
思维拓展
1.阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀,但研究发现,适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.(在哈佛大学 Ellen Langer 领导的一项研究中,研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知,第一段提出主题,即适度的工作也会带来成果,接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点,由此可推知,Ellen Langer 的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。
12.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知,while 前后是对比关系,那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光,即被认为不努力工作,相反,那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人,由此可知,划线单词go-getter,指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外,许多研究表明,积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。)”可知,积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力,可知,愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(但研究发现,适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关,尤其是在简单的工作中,追求完美并不值得。)”可知,文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果,所以文章提倡适度工作,即中庸的工作习惯。故选 A。
2. 七选五
答案：DGEAF
解析：①推理判断题。根据本段小标题Consider your interests and passions.（考虑你的兴趣和热情。）可知提出选专业要考虑兴趣和热情。上文Do you want a career where you'll be able to express yourself，or work with numbers？（你想从事一份能够表达自己还是与数字打交道的职业？）问interests，D选项"你是对正义充满热情，还是想从事帮助他人的职业？"问passions，照应主题句，故选D。
②细节理解题。上文If you're pursuing a career in professional fields like medicine or law，you may require more than a four-year degree to get the job that you want.（ 如果你想从事医学或法律等专业领域的工作，你可能需要四年以上的学位才能得到你想要的工作。）提出一些工作需要更长的学习时间，G选项"另一方面，在有些职业中，硕士学位不一定有用。"提出另一些工作不需要那么长的学习时间，与上文构成对比关系。上下文分析了两种情况，为下文的思考Will you want to jump right into a job after you graduate，or do you really want to dive into higher education？（毕业后你是想马上找工作，还是真的想接受高等教育？ ）提供参考，上下文语意连贯，故选G。
③联系上文题。上文If you think you have a career in mind，do some investigating in person or online. Try connecting with people in the field and ask them what challenges they faced in getting their degrees and finding jobs afterwards.（如果你认为自己有心仪的职业，可以亲自或在网上做一些调查。试着与该领域的人联系，问问他们在获得学位和之后找工作时遇到了什么挑战。）和E选项"如果你们不能亲自交流，试着在网上找到榜样，阅读他们的经历。"相呼应，并且E选项中的"role models"和下文的"Their journeys"衔接紧密，符合题意，故选E。
④标题归纳题。设空处为本段主旨。根据下文Remember，you don't have to make this decision right away. Taking basic-level courses when you first get to college helps decide your level of interest in pursuing a degree program. Plus，you could always decide to be an Interdisciplinary （跨学科的） studies major!（ 记住，你不必马上做出这个决定。当你刚进入大学时，学习基础课程有助于决定你对攻读学位课程的兴趣程度。另外，你也可以选择跨学科研究专业!）可知本段和做决定有关，A选项"给自己足够的时间做决定。"能够概括本段主旨，故选A。
⑤细节理解题。上文Plus，you could always decide to be an Interdisciplinary （跨学科的） studies major!（另外，你也可以选择跨学科研究专业!）提出选择跨学科研究专业，F选项"这个学位课程为你提供了自由和灵活性，可以选择各种各样的课程。"承接上文，说明跨学科研究专业特点，同时句中"the freedom and flexibility to take a wide variety of classes."与下文"you can discover where your interests lie"相照应，故选F。Unit 4 Sharing Learning About Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
participant n. _____________
code n.代码;密码 vt. _____________
__________ vt.使适应;使面对;确定方向
__________ n.侦探;警探
graphic n.图表;图形;图画 adj.绘画的;图案的
estate n.庄园;住宅区; 工业区
__________ n.会计;会计师
spy n.密探;间谍 vi. _____________ vt.突然看见;发现
__________ n.公平; 公正;合理
accuse vt. _____________
greedy adj. _____________
entrepreneur n.创业者;企业家
receptionist n.接待员
dedicate vt. _____________
fox n.狐狸; 狡滑的人
__________ n.委员会; 市政服务机构
2. 重点短语
(real) estate agent 房地产经纪人
come to a conclusion _____________
in conclusion _____________
__________ 专为……准备
the secret to... ……的秘诀
be passionate about... 对……热忱；热衷于……
__________ 以……为基础
reach a target 达成目标
__________ 欠债
a variety of 各种各样的
divide up _____________
a range of 一系列
3. 重点句型
1. The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen, I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry. (the first time名词词组用作连词,引导时间状语从句)
2. I want to become a lawyer because I think fairness and justice is of great importance to society… (be of+抽象名词)
二、易错点讲解
1. be of+抽象名词(=be+该抽象名词的同根形容词)
This press conference is of great importance.
=This press conference is greatly important.
这次新闻发布会非常重要。
Helping the disabled to get some skills is of great importance.
帮助残疾人获得一些技能是非常重要的。
拓展：
be of importance = be important
be of significance = be significant
be of value = be valuable
be of help = be helpful
be of benefit = be beneficial
Manned submersibles are of great benefit to marine research.
= Manned submersibles are greatly beneficial to marine research.
载人潜水器对海洋研究大有神益。
三、基础练习
1.Tasting nice and delicious, the __________ (fry) chicken soon sold out.
2.I was driving down to London __________ I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
3.He wrote many children's books, nearly half of __________ were published in the 1990s.
4.Ten-year-old Jack loved to visit his grandfather, __________ house was near the beautiful blue sea.
5. __________ doesn't matter how many times you fail; what matters is how many times you stand up and try again.
6.The charity has been given __________ (finance) support to roll out the health care project countrywide.
7.She asked me __________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
8.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of __________ it used to charge.
9.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, __________ plants can spread to new places.
10.It is so cold that you can't go outside__________ you're fully covered in thick clothes.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
From its origins in the California hills in the US to its acceptance on urban streets worldwide, the history of skateboarding spans (跨越) seven decades over which it has developed from an unwelcome sport to an Olympic event in 2020. Now, a London exhibition is to show the path from those humble homemade boards of the 1950s to today’s hi-tech professional models.
The exhibition will feature about 90 rare and unique boards along with more than 100 other related objects, including safety equipment and magazines. Half of the skateboards will be on loan from the Skateboarding Hall of Fame Museum in California. A highlight will be a 1967 Bilbo board produced by European Surfing Company, which was set up at Newquay in Cornwall in southwestern England in 1965 and marketed the first skateboards in the UK.
Also on display will be the famous skateboarder Tony Hawk’s first professional model, from 1982, with its adaptations for the vert style of skateboarding which uses vertical ramps (垂直坡面) rather than level ground; early homemade boards from 1950s California modeled on the design of roller-skates and surfboards; and the first two models to feature a kicktail — the raised tail enabling skaters to turn or balance the board on the back wheels.
It will also feature Laura Thornhill’s Logan Earth Ski from the 1970s, the first women’s professional model. Sky Brown, who at 13 won bronze for Team Great Britain at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, is represented through her first professional model, the Sky Brown&. Skateistan Almost model.
“Skateboards, often misunderstood as being just toys, are now hi-tech products responding to constantly changing urban environments,” said Jonathan Olivares, the show’s director. “This exhibition is centred around a single question: how did the skateboard get to positioning the skateboard as a truly unique object.”
11.When were skateboards invented
A.In the 1950s. B.In the 1960s. C.In the 1970s. D.In the 1980s.
12.What can we know about Tony Hawk’s skateboard on the display
A.It is a homemade board with a kicktail.
B.It is designed to skate on the level ground.
C.It is probably suitable for U-shaped ramps.
D.It is modeled on the design of roller-skates.
13.Which is the first women’s professional model
A.Bilbo. B.Logan Earth Ski.
C.Newquay. D.Sky Brown&. Skateistan Almost.
14.What can be inferred from the text
A.Skateboards are still low-tech products.
B.Skateboarding won its acceptance immediately.
C.Skateboarders were always admired by the public.
D.Skateboarding will be very popular around the world.
2. 七选五
It’s no secret that we all want to be liked and respected. ①__________. Here we will go through a list of bad habits that can make people think twice about you.
Being polite with some people but not others
You might not be aware of this. but when you’re talking with someone who is clearly less important than another person in the room, it shows. You may be using fewer words with that person or speaking in a colder tone. ②__________ If you want to be more likable, it’s important to be equally polite to everyone.
Being too dramatic
Are you the kind of person who tends to be dramatic If so, I’ve got some bad news for you. ③__________. Not only does this behavior create a negative atmosphere, it also makes it difficult for others to take you seriously.
Of course, you don’t have to be as cool as a cucumber (黄瓜) all the time, but try not to be too dramatic. ④__________
Telling inappropriate stories or jokes
This bad habit can create an uncomfortable atmosphere. It makes people feel like they are not respected and can even lead to hurt feelings or social tension. ⑤__________. The key is to consider the situation and the relationship between you and the person you’re talking to.
A. This means respecting people’s physical and emotional space
B. Making assumptions can lead to false accusations and judgments
C. This is a sign of disrespect and may hurt the less important people’s feelings
D. Recognize that there are times when it’s best to just let things go and move on
E. But you may not realize some of the things you do may make people dislike you
F. People can tell when you try to make everything a big deal and they don’t like it
G. Remember that what may be funny to one person may be unacceptable to another
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：fried
解析：句意为:这种炸鸡味道鲜美,很快就卖光了。此处作定语,修饰名词chicken,应用形容词fried,表示“油炸的”。故填fried。
2.答案： when
解析：句意为:当时我正开车前往伦敦,突然发现我走错了路。be doing...when...意为“正在做某事,这时突然……”,故填when。
3.答案：which
解析：逗号后面的句子为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为children's books, 指物, 关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语, 故填which。
4.答案：whose
解析：句意为:十岁的杰克喜欢去看望爷爷, 爷爷的房子靠近美丽的蓝色大海。设空处引导定语从句, 先行词为 his grandfather, 关系词和 house 之间为所属关系, 故填 whose。
5.答案： It
解析：句意为:失败多少次并不重要,重要的是你能站起来并且再尝试多少次。此处how many times you fail 是主语从句,为前一分句真正的主语,设空处应用I作形式主语。
6.答案： financial
解析：句意为:该慈善组织得到了资助,将这一医疗保健项目在全国范围内推广。设空处修饰名词support,应用形容词。故填financial。
7.答案： whether/if
解析：句意为:她问我有没有把书还回图书馆,我承认道还没有。and连接并列句,设空处引导宾语从句,且表达“是否”的含义,故填whether/if。
8.答案： what
解析：句意为:我们选择该旅店是因为这里住宿一晚的价格降到了20美元,是过去要价的一半。此处half of _____ it used to charge是$20的同位语, _____ it used to charge是宾语从句,从句中charge缺少宾语,故填what。
9.答案：so
解析：句意为: 一些动物将种子从一处带向另一处, 因此植物可以传播到新的地方 (生长)。分析句子结构可知, 设空处前为因,后为果, 两句话之间为因果关系, 故填 80 。
10.答案：unless
解析：句意为: 天气太冷了,你不能出去,除非你裹上厚厚的衣服。分析句子结构可知, so... that 引导结果状语从句, 设空处引导条件状语从句, 表示“除非”, 故填 unless。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Now, a London exhibition is to show the path from those humble homemade boards of the 1950s to today’s hi-tech professional models.(现在，伦敦的一个展览将展示从20世纪50年代那些简陋的自制木板到今天的高科技专业滑板模式的道路)”可知，滑板20世纪50年代发明的。故选A。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Also on display will be the famous skateboarder Tony Hawk’s first professional model, from 1982, with its adaptations for the vert style of skateboarding which uses vertical ramps (垂直坡面) rather than level ground;(同时展出的还有著名滑板运动员Tony Hawk在1982年设计的第一款专业滑板模型，该模型对垂直滑板风格进行了改造，使用垂直坡道而不是水平地面)”可知，Tony Hawk的第一个职业滑板是由适合垂直坡道的滑板演变而来的。由此推知，Tony Hawk的滑板更适合U型赛道。故选C。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句话“It will also feature Laura Thornhill’s Logan Earth Ski from the 1970 s, the first women’s professional model. (它还将展出20世纪70年代劳拉·桑希尔的Logan Earth Ski ，这是第一位女性的职业滑板模型)”可知，Logan Earth Ski第一位女性的职业滑板模型。故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“From its origins in the California hills in the US to its acceptance on urban streets worldwide, the history of skateboarding spans (跨越) seven decades over which it has developed from an unwelcome sport to an Olympic event in 2020. (从起源于美国加利福尼亚州的山丘，到被世界各地的城市街道所接受，滑板运动的历史跨越了70年，从一项不受欢迎的运动发展成为2020年的奥运会项目)”以及最后一段第一句话“Skateboards, often misunderstood as being just toys, are now hi-tech products responding to constantly changing urban environments, said Jonathan Olivares, the show’s director. (该节目的导演乔纳森·奥利瓦雷斯说：“滑板，经常被误解为只是玩具，现在是应对不断变化的城市环境的高科技产品。”)”可知，滑板不但已经成为了奥运会正式比赛项目，而且产品质量和种类都在不断地提升和丰富。由此推知，滑板运动将在世界各地流行。故选D。
2. 七选五
答案：ECFDG
解析：①前文提到我们都希望被喜欢和尊重，后文说这里会列举一些让人对你三思的坏习惯。E选项“But you may not realize some of the things you do may make people dislike you”（但你可能没有意识到你做的一些事情可能会让人们不喜欢你），起到了承上启下的作用，引出下文关于让人不喜欢的坏习惯的内容，所以选E。
②前文描述了在和明显没那么重要的人交谈时，可能会表现出使用更少的词或更冷淡的语气，后文说要对每个人都同样礼貌。C选项“This is a sign of disrespect and may hurt the less important people’s feelings”（这是不尊重的表现，可能会伤害到那些不那么重要的人的感情），“This”指代前文对不同人不同态度的行为，解释了这种行为的不良影响，所以选C。
③前文问是否是那种容易大惊小怪的人，后文说这种行为不仅会营造负面氛围，还会让人难以认真对待你。F选项“People can tell when you try to make everything a big deal and they don’t like it”（当你试图把每件事都搞得很严重时，人们能看出来，而且他们不喜欢这样），说明了人们不喜欢大惊小怪的行为，与上下文逻辑连贯，所以选F。
④前文说不必一直都非常冷静，但尽量不要太小题大做，D选项“Recognize that there are times when it’s best to just let things go and move on”（要认识到有时候最好是放下事情，继续前行），进一步阐述了面对一些情况的正确做法，承接上文，所以选D。
⑤前文提到讲不恰当的故事或笑话会营造不舒服的氛围，甚至导致伤害感情或社交紧张，后文说关键是要考虑情况和与交谈对象的关系。G选项“Remember that what may be funny to one person may be unacceptable to another”（记住，对一个人来说可能有趣的事情，对另一个人来说可能是不可接受的），解释了为什么讲不恰当的故事或笑话会有不良影响，因为不同人感受不同，所以选G。Unit 3 Sea Exploration Using Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
__________ n.运河; 灌溉渠
supervise v. _____________
__________ n.书法;书写;笔迹
disk n.磁盘;盘
parking n. _____________
camel n.骆驼
fry n.油煎的食物 v. _____________
__________ n.钱包; 皮夹子(尤指女用)
__________ v.缝制;缝;做针线活
priority n.优先事项;首要的事;优先
cage n.笼子 vt. _____________
collar n.(动物)颈圈;衣领
finance n. _____________ vt.提供资金
__________ n.收据;接收
__________ n.合格证书;证明
desert n.沙漠; 荒漠
acquire vt. _____________
2. 重点短语
attend to _____________
be passionate about 对……热情;热衷于……
council workers/services 市政工作人员 /部门
be located in _____________
__________ 被要求做某事
help out _____________
cover letter 求职信
reception area 接待区
__________ 申请
have experience in... _____________
__________ 自愿做某事
__________ 热衷于做某事:渴望做某事
give sb. a warm welcome _____________
as soon as possible 尽快地
3. 重点句型
1. Do you agree that there is no point studying something that you like but you are not very good at (There is no point (in) doing sth.)
二、易错点讲解
1. There is no point (in) doing sth.
做某事没有意义
There is no point in logging all phone calls.
记录所有电话没有意义。
拓展：
What's the point of doing sth.
做某事有什么意义呢
be on the point of doing...when...
正要做......这时......
I was on the point of dragging my son from his bed when he jumped to his feet.
我正要把儿子从他的床上拽起来,这时他突然跳了起来。
三、基础练习
1.__________ (beat) by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart.
2.__________ is mentioned above, peanuts are fit to grow in sand fields.
3.The _________ (influence) writer has a good reputation at home and abroad.
4.It is strongly urged that all the lamps_________ (turn) out during the night.
5.His purpose was _________ (discover) how long these guests intended to stay.
6.Applying oil _________ the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
7.I sat in the classroom, _________ (wonder) what I could do to get my lost book back.
8.The local market has everything _________ shows the area’s cooking culture, from fresh seafood to handmade pasta.
9.My sister gave me a book as a present, _________ is quite popular with middle school students.
10.David was more than certain about getting his ideal job because the position _________ which he applied was a perfect match for his skills.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
Today's Brussels sprouts(抱子甘蓝) taste better than you might remember from childhood, and that is because a new variety has replaced the original vegetable. You can thank plant breeders for the change. Modern breeders, armed with new gene-editing technology, are looking to reproduce Brussels sprouts' reinvention.
In the late 1990s, scientists discovered specific chemicals which made Brussels sprouts taste bitter. Plant breeders started growing old seeds, previously abandoned due to poor yields (产量), to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals. Then they crossed these delicious but low-yield plants with high-yield individuals until they found a version that made plenty of tasty sprouts, transforming the vegetable from a bitter pill into a popular dish.
But other vegetables haven't fared as well. That's because most breeding decisions favor plant traits (特性) that matter to vegetable growers, not vegetable eaters. For instance, disease resistance is probably the major focus these days of most breeding programs because that prevents the farmer from growing the crop. The taste of vegetables is ignored.
People, however, are now becoming interested in prioritizing the taste of vegetables thanks in part to new genetic technology. “There's never been a better time to be a fruit breeder or a vegetable breeder because we have more tools and techniques,” says Susan Brown, an apple breeder at Cornell University.
Some companies are beginning to use those tools to deal with the challenge of developing tastier vegetables. One company, Pairwise, is fighting the same compounds that troubled Brussels sprouts. But this time researchers are improving the flavor of salad greens.
All vegetable growers hope that more flavorful products on store shelves will convince people to consume the recommended allowances (定量) of fruits and vegetables—and do so better than decades of nutritional guidance have. “Don't waste your time talking about trying to educate people to eat better,” said Harry Klee, a professor who specializes in tomato breeding. “Just give them products that taste better and that they want to eat.”
11.Why did plant breeders grow old Brussels sprout seeds
A. To study why Brussels sprouts are bitter.
B. To research the specific chemicals.
C. To select high-yielding products
D. To find the less bitter versions.
12.What does the underlined word “fared” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Survived. B. Emerged. C. Rocketed. D. Succeeded.
13.What can we learn from Susan Brown's words in paragraph 4
A. The breeding techniques are booming.
B. The breeding techniques need no improvement.
C. The breeders are struggling to develop new species.
D. The breeders should develop new genetic technology.
14.How can fruits and vegetables be consumed more according to Harry Klee
A. By enhancing the taste. B. By improving the nutrients.
C. By making them more accessible. D. By telling people the benefits.
2. 语法填空
The construction of Millennium City Park ① (locate) in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, was based on the famous ancient Chinese painting “Along the River During the Qingming Festival,” ② described life during the North Song Dynasty (960-1127). The historical and cultural park serves as a living copy of the era, presenting ③ (it) ancient architecture and culture to the modern world. Opened to the public in 1998, the park covers ④ area of more than 40 hectares and includes many beautiful scenic spots, such as one of China’s ten famous ancient bridges — the Rainbow Bridge — ⑤ a wall painting of the Qingming Festival by the riverside, as well as the Kissing Cloud Pavilion and many other ⑥ (attraction).
The park has applied modern technology to build a theater ⑦ (display) Zhang Zeduan’s masterpiece “Along the River During the Qingming Festival.” Using the latest digital technology, the ancient artwork ⑧ (present) on an IMAX screen. The entire screen features a full-view presentation ⑨ 3D effects to create an immersive (沉浸式的) viewing experience for visitors. By reproducing climbing, diving and other movements, the show transports tourists centuries back in time, offering a glance of the ⑩ (grand) of the Song Dynasty and an immersive insight into the ancient era shown in the beloved painting.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：Beaten
解析：题意:虽然被对手打败了,但我们并没有灰心。解析: beat"打败",与we之间是动宾关系,句中已有谓语动词lose, beat要用非谓语动词,用过去分词短语作状语,因在句首,首字母大写。故填:Beaten。
2.答案：As
解析：题意:正如上面提到的,花生适合在沙地上生长。解析:分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,位于句首,在主句前,修饰主句,空处在从句中作主语,表示"正如",故应用关系代词as;句首字母大写。
3.答案：influential
解析：分析句子可知,空处应为形容词,修饰名词"writer",作定语;influence是动词或名词,意为"影响",它的形容词是influential,表示"有影响力的",符合句意。故填:influential。
4.答案：(should) be turned
解析：表示"建议、要求、命令"的动词urge/order/command/request/require/suggest, etc.等之后的宾语从句及It is +urged/ordered/commmanded/requested...that的结构中的谓语动词都应用虚拟语气,即 (should)+动词原形的结构,从句主语all the lamps与turn之间为被动关系,所以应用其被动语态形式(should) be turned。故填:(should) be turned。
5.答案：to discover
解析：[翻译]他的目的是发现这些客人打算待多久。purpose意为"目的",后接动词不定式作表语,discover意为"发现",故填to discover。
6.答案：to
解析：题意:在受伤的地方涂油是一个坏主意,因为它会保持伤口的热度,可能会导致感染。根据句意,横线处应是to, apply ...to"抹,涂",是动词短语。故填:to。
7.答案：wondering
解析：题意:我坐在教室里,想知道我能做些什么来找回我丢失的书。解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处是非谓语,主语I和wonder之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词表示伴随。故填: wondering。
8.答案：that
解析：这是一个定语从句，先行词是 “everything”，为不定代词。在定语从句中，当先行词为不定代词（如 all, everything, nothing, something 等）时，关系代词通常用 that，不用 which 。“that shows the area’s cooking culture” 用来修饰先行词 “everything”，表明 “展示该地区烹饪文化的所有东西”，所以填 that。
9.答案：which
解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “a book”，指物。在从句 “______ is quite popular with middle school students” 中，先行词充当主语，且非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导，所以用关系代词 which。which 指代前面提到的 “a book”，即 “我姐姐给我的那本书很受中学生欢迎”。
10.答案：for
解析：“apply for” 是固定短语，意为 “申请”。在定语从句 “the position ______ which he applied” 中，将其还原为陈述句是 “he applied for the position”，所以这里应用介词 for，构成 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构引导定语从句，修饰先行词 “the position”。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“In the late1990s, scientists discovered specific chemicals which made Brussels sprouts taste bitter. Plant breeders started growing old seeds, previously abandoned due to poor yields(产量),to look for tastier versions with lower levels of these specific chemicals.”可知,在20世纪90年代末,科学家们发现了使抱子甘蓝尝起来苦的特殊化学物质。植物育种者开始种植以前因产量低而废弃的旧种子,以寻找含有较少这些特定化学物质的更美味品种。由此可知,植物育种家种植老的抱子甘蓝种子是为了寻找不那么苦的抱子甘蓝。
12.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Then they crossed these delicious but low-yield plants with high-yield individuals until they found a version that made plenty of tasty sprouts, transforming the vegetable from a bitter pill into a popular dish.”可知,然后,他们将这些美味但产量低的植物与产量高的个体杂交,直到找到一种产量高且美味的抱子甘蓝品种,把这种蔬菜从一颗苦药丸变成了一道受欢迎的菜,即抱子甘蓝品种改良成功了。根据画线词所在句中表转折的“But”和画线词下文“That's because most breeding decisions favor plant traits(特性) that matter to vegetable growers, not vegetable eaters.(这是因为大多数育种决定都倾向于对蔬菜种植者重要的植物特性,而不是对吃蔬菜的人)”可知,此处提到了与抱子甘蓝不同,其他蔬菜在味道方面的改良通常会被忽视,即它们的品种改良情况没那么好。画线词与D项(成功,取得预期结果)意义相近。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段 Susan Brown所说的话“There's never been a better time to be a fruit breeder or a vegetable breeder because we have more tools and techniques(现在是水果育种和蔬菜育种的最佳时机,因为我们有更多的工具和技术)”由此可推知,育种技术正在蓬勃发展。
14.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段 Harry Klee所说的话“Don't waste your time talking about trying to educate people to eat better ... Just give them products that taste better and that they want to eat.”可知,不要浪费时间谈论如何教育人们吃得更好,只要给他们提供味道更好、他们想吃的产品就行了。由此可推知,根据 Harry Klee的说法,让人们多吃水果和蔬菜的最好方法是提高蔬菜和水果的味道。
2. 语法填空
答案：①located ②which ③its ④an ⑤and ⑥attractions ⑦to display ⑧is presented ⑨with ⑩grandness
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：位于河南省开封市的清明上河园的建设，是基于著名的中国古代绘画《清明上河图》，这幅画描述了北宋时期（960-1127）的生活。短语be located in表示“位于”，此处过去分词作后置定语。故填located。
②考查定语从句。句意：位于河南省开封市的清明上河园的建设，是基于著名的中国古代绘画《清明上河图》，这幅画描述了北宋时期（960-1127）的生活。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Along the River During the Qingming Festival，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
③考查代词。句意：这座历史文化公园是那个时代的活复制品，向现代世界展示了它的古老建筑和文化。修饰名词短语architecture and culture应用形容词性物主代词its作定语。故填its。
④考查冠词。句意：该公园于1998年向公众开放，占地40多公顷，包括许多美丽的景点，如中国十大著名古桥之一的彩虹桥和河边的清明壁画，以及拂云阁和许多其他景点。短语cover an area of...表示“占地……”。故填an。
⑤考查连词。句意：该公园于1998年向公众开放，占地40多公顷，包括许多美丽的景点，如中国十大著名古桥之一的彩虹桥和河边的清明壁画，以及拂云阁和许多其他景点。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，用表并列关系的and。故填and。
⑥考查名词的单复数。句意：该公园于1998年向公众开放，占地40多公顷，包括许多美丽的景点，如中国十大著名古桥之一的彩虹桥和河边的清明壁画，以及拂云阁和许多其他景点。根据前面的“many”可知，应填可数名词attraction的复数形式。故填attractions。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园运用现代技术建造了一个剧场，以展示张择端的代表作《清明上河图》。display在句中作目的状语，应用不定式形式。故填to display。
⑧考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：利用最新的数字技术，这些古老的艺术品在IMAX屏幕上呈现。主语artwork与谓语动词present构成被动关系，且陈述事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数形式。故填is presented。
⑨考查介词。句意：整个屏幕以3D效果的全视图呈现为特色，为游客创造身临其境的观看体验。后跟名词短语3D effects作宾语，表示“以，用”应用介词with。故填with。
⑩考查名词。句意：通过再现攀爬、潜水和其他动作，展览将游客带回到几个世纪以前，让游客一睹宋朝的辉煌，并身临其境地了解这幅受人喜爱的画作中所展现的古代。作介词的宾语，应用名词grandness，不可数。故填grandness。
