Unit 3 Sea Exploration Using Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
drag vt. ________________ v.缓慢而费力地移动
privilege n.优惠待遇;特权
plug vt.封堵; 补足n.堵塞物;插头;插座
disabled adj. ________________
resign v. ________________
deserve vt. ________________
lately adv. ________________
input n.情况; 信息; 投入; 输入vt.输入
tune n.曲调;曲子vt.调音;调节;调频道
contract vt. ________________ n.合同;契约
grant vt. ________________ n.拨款
cardiac adj. ________________
circuit n.巡回;环形线路
disability n.缺陷;障碍
relay vt.转发，转播n.接力赛;接班的人
criterion n. ________________
stability n.稳定(性) ; 稳固(性)
pray v. ________________
2. 重点短语
relay to ________________
pray that 但愿
take (...) for granted ________________
in every corner 在每一个角落
in need of ________________
for the last two years 在过去的两年里
to be honest 说实话，老实说
leave for... ________________
cook me dinner 为我做晚饭
take good care of 照顾好，好好照看
leisure time 闲暇时光
except for ________________
hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
sing a different tune 唱反调
take...for granted ________________
prior to ________________
as well 也，还
make a big difference to ________________
consult sb. about sth. 向某人咨询某事
in addition 此外，并且
3. 重点句型
1. Now, not only are Tanzanians helped by the hospital, but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well. (not only...but (also)...)
2. Now that I understand how important my mother's work is, I've decided to become a volunteer myself to help people in other lands. (now that)
二、易错点讲解
1. not only...but (also)... 不但……而且……
(1)not only位于首时,not only后的分句要用部分倒装,but (also)后的分句不倒装,即前倒后不倒。
Not only did he play in the tournament, but his results were incredible.
他不仅参加了锦标赛,而且取得了令人难以置信的成绩。
(2)not only A but also B强调的是B作主语时谓语动词的数遵循就近原则,与 B 保持一致。
Not only Mary but also I am attending a press conference.
不仅是玛丽，而且我也在参加一个记者招待会。
三、基础练习
1. ________ (curious) killed the cat, and satisfaction brought it back.
2.All the ________ (equip) provided for the work must be in good condition.
3.At the thought of going to my new campus, I felt a little ________ (frighten).
4.The work is really ________ (challenge) so you must work hard on it.
5. ________ (strength) the relationship between the two countries, more trade cooperation will be promoted.
6.First aid may prevent a victim's condition from________ (worsen) and save life.
7.After studying for another year, he managed ________ (pass) the exam, entering a key university.
8.Apply the oil to your skin, which can prevent your skin from ________ (hurt).
9.Last Sunday my classmates and I went to the nearby library to read books, only to be told that it ________ (decorate).
10.Many new inventions________ (exhibit) in the museum last year.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.
Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample(品尝) each one. The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers grown in space. The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July.
Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants. After growing for four months, the peppers were harvested on Friday.
Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C, as well as other key nutrients. Pepper plants self-pollinate (自花授粉), so they are easy to grow, and they are a pick-and-eat crop that doesn’t have to be cooked. They are also safe to eat raw.
A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell, so sp icy or well-seasoned foods are a favorite. Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to live n up their regular meals. But growing and tending to the plants can also produce other benefits.
Astronauts have described the joy from seeing —as well as smelling and caring for—leafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth. “Growing colorful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health,” said Matt Romeyn, principal investigator for the experiment. “We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colors and smells helps to improve astronauts’ well-being.”
11.How is the food astronauts eat on the space station
A. Always fresh. B. Lack of nutrients.
C. Never tasty. D. Full of vitamins.
12.What makes Plant Habitat-04 one of the most complex plant experiments
A. The technology. B. Growing process.
C. The varieties of plants. D. Growing time required.
13.Which is the most probable reason for adding peppers to food for astronauts
A. Peppers are delicious. B. Peppers can improve memory.
C. Peppers help prevent diseases. D. Peppers can restore appetite.
14.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. The Fun of Growing Chili Peppers in Space
B. The importance of Chili peppers in the Space Mission
C. The First Chili Peppers Grown in Space
D. The Chili Peppers Used in the Space Mission
2.七选五
We’ve all been there—you’ve sent a message and it’s marked “read”, but you haven’t heard anything back. What’s the deal While being left on read (已读不回) can be confusing, it’s also pretty common. ①_______ Here are a few tips.
Expect the best. Remind yourself that the person is probably just busy. Ask yourself if you actually know their schedule. There could be some time commitments you aren’t aware of. Here are a few other reasons for a delayed response. ②_______ They put their phone away to focus on work or school. They accidentally forgot to reply. Maybe they thought about what they wanted to say but didn’t actually text it.
Resist the temptation (诱惑) to double-text. ③_______ If you send a lot of follow-up texts, it’ll be hard for them to keep up and they might get stressed. Leave them with just one text to catch up on—the other person will probably appreciate your patience.
Read over your previous messages. See if there are any confusing texts that you need to clarify. It’s okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a little unclear—it happens! ④_______
⑤_______ Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind. Don’t let it upset or confuse you. If you get your mind off any notifications, you’ll be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time.
A. Put your phone away.
B. Fix your attention closely on text responses.
C. Give them a little space so they have a chance to reply.
D. They want to give you a longer response but can’t right now.
E. Ask yourself why being left on “read” frustrates or confuses you.
F. You can keep the situation from bothering you until you hear back.
G. You might feel relieved when you find something that is easy to misread.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：Curiosity
解析：题意:好奇害死猫，满足让它复活。
2.答案：equipment
解析：考查名词。句意:为这项工作提供的所有设备必须完好无损。此处为名词作主语，equip的名词为equipment意为“设备”且为不可数名词。故填equipment.
3.答案：frightened
解析：这里需要一个形容词作表语，形容人的感受，frighten 的形容词形式有 frightening（令人害怕的）和 frightened（感到害怕的），此处是说 “我” 感到有点害怕，是自身的感受，所以用 frightened。
4.答案：challenging
解析：这里需要一个形容词作表语，形容工作具有挑战性，challenge 的形容词形式有 challenging（具有挑战性的）和 challenged（受到挑战的），此处是说工作本身很有挑战性，所以用 challenging。
5.答案：To strengthen
解析：前部分表目的，动词不定式可作目的状语，“strengthen” 是 “加强” 的动词，“To strengthen” 表 “为了加强” 两国关系。
6.答案：worsening
解析：prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “阻止某人 / 某物做某事”，这里说急救可能会阻止受害者的状况恶化，所以要用动名词形式 worsening。
7.答案：to pass
解析：“manage to do sth.” 是固定短语，意为 “设法做成某事”，所以用不定式 “to pass”，表示经过又一年学习，设法通过了考试。
8.答案：being hurt
解析：“prevent...from...” 表示 “阻止…… 免受……”，其中 “from” 是介词，后接动名词，“hurt” 与 “skin” 之间是被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式 “being hurt”，表示防止皮肤被伤害。
9.答案：was being decorated
解析：句意为:上周日我和同学去附近的图书馆看书,结果却被告知图书馆正在装修。句中时间状语Last Sunday表示过去的时间,“我们”无法进人说明图书馆当时正在被装修,应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填 was being decorated。
10.答案：were exhibited
解析：句意为:去年博物馆展出了许多新发明。根据时间状语 last year可知,此处表示过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,且exhibit与 inventions之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填 were exhibited。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The longer that packaged food is stored, the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.（包装食品储存的时间越长,失去的维生素C和维生素K等营养物质就越多）”可知，包装食品放得时间越长，它就损失越多营养。因此可推知，太空站宇航员吃的食物缺少营养。故选B项。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants.（Plant Habitat-04 是迄今为止轨道实验室中最复杂的植物实验之一，因为辣椒的生长时间比之前的实验植物长得多）”可知，Plant Habitat-04是最为复杂的植物实验之一，是因为辣椒的生长周期比其他之前做过实验的植物长。故选D项。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句“A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell, so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favorite. Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals.（在零重力环境下生活的一个副作用是宇航员经常会失去一些味觉和嗅觉，所以刺激性或调料丰富的食物是他们的最爱。在菜单中加入新鲜的蔬菜或辣椒可以让宇航员的日常饮食更有活力）”可知，零重力环境的一个副作用是宇航员们经常失去一部分味觉和嗅觉，把辣椒添加到食物中可以让宇航员恢复食欲。故选D项。
14.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers(辣椒) grow n in space.（周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一场派对，庆祝第一批太空辣椒的收获）”可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员们在国际空间站首次进行种植辣椒实验的相关情况。C项“第一次在太空种植辣椒”符合文章主旨，适合作本文的标题。故选C项。
2.七选五
答案：FDCGA
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当别人阅读你的信息后，不回复你时，要学会心平气和的面对，不要让社交软件影响到你的生活。
①根据后文“Here are a few tips.(这里有一些建议)”以及前文“it’s also pretty common.(这种情况很常见）”可知，空处应该是承上启下说明可以应用这些建议避免被影响，所以F项“You can keep the situation from bothering you until you hear back.(你可以避免这种情况困扰你)”符合文意。故选F项。
②根据上文“Here are a few other reasons for a delayed response.(以下是延迟响应的其他一些原因。)”以及下文“They put their phone away to focus on work or school. They accidentally forgot to reply. Maybe they thought about what they wanted to say but didn’t actually text it. (他们把手机收起来，专注于工作或学习。他们不小心忘了回复。也许他们想到了他们想说什么，但实际上并没有发短信。)”可知，空处是延迟响应的可能原因，与D项“They want to give you a longer response but can’t right now. (他们想给你更长的回复，但现在不能)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选D项。
③根据前文“Resist the temptation to double- text.(不要信息轰炸对方)”以及后文“If you send a lot of follow- up texts, it’ll be hard for them to keep up and they might get stressed. Leave them with just one text to catch up on—the other person will probably appreciate your patience.(如果你发了很多后续短信，他们很难跟上，他们可能会感到压力。只给他们留一条信息，让他们跟上进度——对方可能会感激你的耐心)”可知，本段讲述不要一直给对方发信息，要给对方一些时间，让他们跟上你的信息，所以C项“Give them a little space so they have a chance to reply.(给他们一点空间，让他们有机会回答)”符合文意。故选C项。
④根据段首句“Read over your previous messages. (阅读你之前的信息)”，及上文“See if there are any confusing texts that you need to clarify. It’s okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a little unclear—it happens! (看看是否有什么令人困惑的文本需要澄清。如果你再次查看你的信息，并注意到它可能有点不清楚，这是没有关系的——这种情况发生了!)可知，再次查看信息可能会发现一些被误读的东西，与G项“You might feel relieved when you find something that is easy to misread.(可能会感到宽慰，当你发现了一些容易被误读的东西)”上下文一致，符合文意。故选G项。
⑤根据下句“Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind.(把它放在你看不到的地方，让你的内心平静下来)”以及后文“Don’t let it upset or confuse you. If you get your mind off any notifications, you’ll be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time.(不要让它困扰或迷惑你。如果你不去想任何通知，你就能头脑风暴出新的打发时间的方法)”可知，本段主题是把手机放到一边，眼不见，心不烦。与其纠结为什么会被“已读不回”，不如放下手机，做些更有意义的事。所以A项“Put your phone away.(把手机收起来)”起到概括作用，符合文意。故选A项。Unit 4 Sharing Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
parcel n.包裹 v.___________
jam n.果酱; 堵塞
mail n.邮件;信件;邮政 v. ___________
secondary adj. ___________
clay n.黏土;陶土
___________ n.沙; 灰尘 v.擦灰
dusty adj.布满灰尘的
___________ n.杂草; 野草 v.除杂草
chorus n.合唱曲;合唱团 v.合唱;齐声说
cotton n. ___________
___________ n.校服;制服 adj.一致的;统一的
tablet n.平板电脑;便笺本;药片
rubber n.橡皮; 黑板擦; 橡胶
washroom n.洗手间; 厕所
___________ adj.死板的;固执的
___________ vi.起泡: 沸腾
2. 重点短语
a chorus of 齐声; 异口同声
not to mention 更不用说;且不说
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
be made of 由……制成
up to 达到;多达
not to mention 更不用说;且不说
adapt to 适应…… (to是介词)
most challenging 最有挑战性的
have no concept of 没有……的概念
come across 偶然遇到;偶然发现
be relevant to 与……有关
to be honest 老实说，说实话
make...difference to 对……有……影响
三、重点句型
1.The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! (be doing...when...)
2. Such housing is dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. (It takes sb. some time to do sth.)
二、易错点讲解
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花费某人一些时间。
It took me two days to think about the team's slogan.
= To think about the team's slogan took me two days.
考虑团队的口号花费了我两天的时间。
It usually takes them 21 days to hatch.
=To hatch usually takes them 21 days.
它们通常花21 天的时间破壳而出。
拓展：
(1) Sb. spend(s) some time/money on sth.
某人在某物上花费一些时间/金钱。
Sb. spend(s) sometime (in) doing sth.
某人花费一些时间做某事
Sb. spend(s) some money (on) doing sth.
某人花费一些金钱做某事。
(2) Sth. cost(s) sb. some money
某物花费某人一些金钱。
(3)Sb. pay(s) some money for sth.
某人花费一些金钱买某物
She paid 200 for the newly hatched chickens.
她支付 200 英镑买下这些刚刚孵出的小鸡。
三、基础练习
1.It _________ (say) that the founder of Lao She Teahouse started his business by serving Dawan tea for just two cents each.
2.He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known _________(be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.
3.Jiuzhaigou is a wonderful travel destination _________ is famous for colorful lakes and amazing mountains.
4.The boss was disappointed to see his company _________(assess) as unqualified, which led to the company closing down.
5.Believe it or not, scientists have discovered that one cactus, called nopal, can _________ (transform) into clean, renewable energy.
6.The participants are waiting anxiously, and the final result of the drama competition _________ (declare) in 30 minutes.
7.It is striking that the majority of modern people's spare time _________ (dominate) by social media in recent decades.
8.At the moment, different countries_________ (develop) air traffic control systems that can manage large numbers of drones.
9.Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, _________ (desire) to have a 20-year gathering during this summer.
10.Zhang Sanfeng, a 13th-century Taoist, was said _________ (invent) tai chi after drawing inspiration from a fight between a snake and a bird.
四、思维拓展
1.阅读理解
Zhai Yuliang becomes extra busy whenever the holidays are around the corner. The Beijinger, in his 60s, has just finished a pair of palace lanterns for a courtyard home in the capital.
“The owner wants every part of them to be done in the old- fashioned way, so that they will fit perfectly with the grand style of their historical house.” says Zhai, who has practiced the craft for more than four decades. One of the most popular styles, which is also Zhai’s favorite, is the double- layered octagonal (八角形的) palace lantern. It’s full of Chinese elements, and features dragon heads and many other specific patterns.
However, he stresses the essential elements to be classified as palace lanterns-hand-painted scenes and Chinese knots as decoration. Most importantly, they must be created using the specific techniques, which require over 100 steps.
To make a palace lantern, a single craftsman has to do everything from the woodwork to the painting. “It takes months to make a palace lantern,” Zhai says. “It requires the skills of a woodworker, the knowledge of a mechanic, an appreciation of classical architecture, poetry, painting and an additional talent for mortise- and- tenon joints (榫卯) by hand before they can create the right carvings and layer combinations.
Zhai has received many invitations from communities and institutes to show the charm of palace lanterns. He particularly enjoys hosting workshops where he teaches people to make lanterns themselves. He is enchanted to see the smiles of children and the expressions of adults when they complete their works under his guidance.
He believes his lifelong devotion to this craft has been worthwhile. His lanterns can be seen in such locations as the Tian’anmen Square and many overseas sites that promote friendship with China.
“Wherever you are, when you see a palace lantern, you know there’s a connect ion to China,” Zhai says.
11.What is a must for a palace lantern
A. A dragon head in grand style. B. Application of over 100 techniques.
C. A double- layered octagonal pattern. D. Hand- painted scenes and Chinese knots.
12.Which of the following best describes the process of making a palace lantern
A. Boring. B. Costly. C. Demanding. D. Innovative.
13.What does the underlined word “enchanted” in paragraph 5 mean
A. Envious. B. Curious. C. Stressed D. Delighted.
14.Which of the following about palace lanterns may Zhai Yuliang agree with
A. They bring him fame and fortune.
B. They act as a cultural link to China.
C. They’ re well preserved in overseas locations.
D. They connect him with many other craftsmen.
2. 七选五
In 2017, the BBC documentary Spy in the Wild (《荒野间谍》) gave us a chance to look much more closely into the world of animals through the eyes of “animal spies”. ① _______ They “live” together with animals in order to record their lives.
Returning for its second season, Spy in the Wild follows the tradition of the first season while introducing new cameras and robots.② _______ For example, a spy turtle can lay robot eggs, a spy squirrel can gather robot nuts, and monkeys can play with a spy snowball.
In the new season, more than 50 spy robots are sent to study animals in all kinds of environments, from under the Pacific Ocean to the Arctic. ③ _______ They study the emotional connections that are shared between animals firsthand. For example, a spy penguin was accepted as part of a group in South Georgia Island.④ _______ “Quite accidentally, our spy creature is at the center of something special, capturing (捕捉到) emotions that have seldom been watched,” series narrator (旁白) David Tennant told CNET.
⑤ _______ “The whole point is ... trying to get closer than we ever have before to capture those elusive (难以得到的) moments when they start to show the kind of emotions we have,” director John Downer told PBS.
A.It won lots of praise from the audience.
B.But these spies don’t just record everyday goings-on.
C.These spies are actually robots with cameras that look like real animals.
D.With the help of these robots, these “animal spies” can do many things.
E.It uncovers how different we are compared to our animal cousins.
F.The documentary aims to record animal behavior that we would rarely see.
G.It watched on as penguin parents tried hard to make it home to feed their chicks.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：is said
解析：考查固定句型。句意：据说老舍茶馆的创始人最开始卖大碗茶时是两分钱一碗。根据句意分析句子可知，此处是考查It is/was said that的固定句型，表达“据说……” ，叙述客观事实，使用一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is said。
2.答案：being
解析：这里考查独立主格结构。“the most well-known...” 部分在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是 “the most well-known...” 所指代的内容（即前面提到的他的贡献），与后面的 “be” 之间是主动关系，相当于一个伴随状语，所以用现在分词形式 being。
3.答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意:九寨沟是一个美丽的旅游目的地,以色彩斑斓的湖泊和令人惊叹的山脉而闻名。分析句子可知,这里老查定语从句,先行词a wonderful travel destination,为物,在从句中作主语,所以应用关系代词which或者that引导。故填which/that.
4.答案：assessed
解析：句意为: 老板看到他的公司被评定为不合格,感到非常失望,这一评定导致了公司的倒闭。分析句子结构可知, 此处是非谓语动词作宾语补足语, assess 与其逻辑主语 his company 之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词。故填 assessed。
5.答案：be transformed
解析：句意为: 信不信由你, 科学家已经发现一种胭脂仙人掌, 这种仙人掌可以被转化为清洁的可再生能源。分析句子结构可知, 设空处在从句中作谓语, 从句主语 one cactus 与 transform 之间为被动关系, 且空前有情态动词 can 修饰。故填 be transformed。
6.答案：will be declared
解析：句意为:选手们焦急地等待着,戏剧比赛的最终结果将在30分钟后公布。分析句子结构可知,and连接并列句,设空处是后一分句的谓语动词,declare与the final result之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;前一分句使用了现在进行时,说明是现在时态,由时间状语in 30 minutes可知,此处应用一般将来时,故填will be declared。
7.答案：has been dominated
解析：句意为:令人惊讶的是,近几十年来,现代人的大部分业余时间都被社交媒体所占据。分析句子结构可知,本句为主从复合句,It作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。设空处为从句的谓语部分。根据时间状语in recent decades可知,应使用现在完成时;结合句意可知,此处表示“被占据”,应使用被动语态;从句的主语the majority of modern people's spare time中time为不可数名词,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been dominated。
8.答案：are developing
解析：句意为:目前,不同的国家正在开发能够管理大量无人机的空中交通管制系统。根据时间状语At the moment可知,设空处应用现在进行时;countries 与 develop之间为主动关系,应用主动形式;主语为复数,谓语应用复数形式。故填are developing
9.答案：has been desiring
解析：句意为:自上个月以来,乔治和他以前的一些同班同学就一直希望在今年夏天举办一场毕业二十周年的同学聚会。根据时间状语Since last month可知,此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;“希望在今年夏天举办一场毕业二十周年的同学聚会”这个想法是一直存在的,还可能继续下去,故用现在完成进行时;主语为 George,是第三人称单数,助动词用has。
10.答案：to have invented
解析：invent"发明"，根据句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事对现在的影响，故应用完成时;表示"据说做某事"，应用be said to do sth.，故此处应用不定式的完成式。故填:to have invented。
思维拓展
1.阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由第三段However, he stresses the essential elements to be classified as palace lanterns - hand-painted scenes and Chinese knots as decoration. (然而,他强调了被归类为宫灯的基本元素手绘场景和中国结作为装饰。)可知,宫灯需要手绘场景和中国结作装饰。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。由第四段To make a palace lantern, a single craftsman had to do everything from the woodwork to the painting. "It takes months to make a palace lantern, "Zhai says. "It requires the skills of a woodworker, the knowledge of a mechanic, an appreciation of classical architecture, poetry, painting and an additional talent for mortise-and-tenon joints(榫卯) by hand before they can create the right carvings and layer combinations. (为了制作宫灯,一个工匠必须做从木制品到绘画的所有事情。翟说: "制作宫灯需要几个月的时间。"这需要木工的技能、机械师的知识、对古典建筑、诗歌、绘画的欣赏,以及手工制作榫卯接头的额外天赋,才能创造出正确的雕刻和层组合。)可知,宫灯的制作过程是有很高要求的。故选C。
13.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。由第五段He particularly enjoys hosting workshops where he teaches people to make lanterns themselves. He is enchanted to see the smiles of children and the expressions of adults when they complete their works under his guidance.(他特别喜欢举办工作坊,教人们自己制作灯笼。他很高兴看到孩子们在他的指导下完成作品时的笑容和成年人的表情。)可知,他喜欢教人们做宫灯,所以看到别人能做出来,他应该很高兴,故猜测enchanted表"高兴的"的意思。故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段His lanterns can be seen in such locations as the Tian'anmen Square and many overseas sites that promote friendship with China. "Wherever you are, when you see a palace lantern, you know there's a connect ion to China, "Zhai says.(他的灯笼可以在天安门广场和许多促进与中国友谊的海外景点看到。翟说:"无论你在哪里,当你看到宫灯时,你就知道它与中国有联系。")可知,翟玉良应该认为宫灯是连接中国文化的纽带。故选B。
2. 七选五
答案：CDBGF
解析：①根据文章In 2017, the BBC documentary Spy in the Wild (《荒野间谍》) gave us a chance to look much more closely into the world of animals through the eyes of “animal spies”.可知，2017年，英国广播公司纪录片《荒野间谍》让我们有机会通过“动物间谍”的眼睛近距离地观察动物世界。和下句They “live” together with animals in order to record their lives.可知，他们和动物一起“生活”，以便记录他们的生活。所以段中应该有一个过渡句，所以C项These spies are actually robots with cameras that look like real animals.（这些间谍实际上是带有摄像头的机器人，看起来像真正的动物。）符合题意，故选C。
②段中过渡句，根据文章Returning for its second season, Spy in the Wild follows the tradition of the first season while introducing new cameras and robots.可知，《荒野间谍》第二季回归，延续了第一季的传统，同时引入了新相机和机器人。再因For example, a spy turtle can lay robot eggs, a spy squirrel can gather robot nuts, and monkeys can play with a spy snowball.可知，例如，一只间谍龟可以产下机器人蛋，一只间谍松鼠可以收集机器人坚果，猴子可以玩一个间谍雪球。所以中间需要一个过渡句来顺承，所以D项With the help of these robots, these “animal spies” can do many things.（在这些机器人的帮助下，这些“动物间谍”可以做很多事情。）符合，故选D。
③根据文章In the new season, more than 50 spy robots are sent to study animals in all kinds of environments, from under the Pacific Ocean to the Arctic.可知，在新的一季中，50多个间谍机器人被派去研究各种环境中的动物，从太平洋底到北极。段中理解，注意后文的they的回指，只有B和C选项涉及名词复数，C选项已经用过，所以B项But these spies don’t just record everyday goings-on.（但是这些间谍不仅仅记录每天发生的事情，他们第一手研究动物之间共享的情感联系。）符合题意，故选B。
④根据文章For example, a spy penguin was accepted as part of a group in South Georgia Island.可知，例如，一只间谍企鹅被南乔治亚岛的一个企鹅群体接受。以及后文Quite accidentally, our spy creature is at the center of something special, capturing (捕捉到) emotions that have seldom been watched 可知，“非常偶然地，我们的间谍生物正处于某种特殊事物的中心，捕捉到很少被人关注的情感。”所以应该有一个过渡句，所以G项It watched on as penguin parents tried hard to make it home to feed their chicks.（当企鹅爸妈赶回家去给他们的宝宝喂食时，他负责站岗。）故选G。
⑤根据文章The whole point is ... trying to get closer than we ever have before to capture those elusive (难以得到的) moments when they start to show the kind of emotions we have,” director John Downer told PBS. 可知，“关键是它试图比以往任何时候都更接近捕捉那些难以得到的情感，”导演告诉PBS。所以设空处应该是考段落主旨大意，故F项The documentary aims to record animal behavior that we would rarely see.（这部纪录片旨在记录我们很少看到的动物行为。）符合题意，故选F。Unit 4 Sharing Learning About Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
tube n. ___________________
circus n.马戏团
chemist n.化学家;药剂师; 药房
shade v. ___________________ n.阴凉处;灯罩;阴影部分
jaw n.领;下巴
wrinkle v. ___________________ n.皱纹
forehead n.额;前额
hut n.简陋的小房子(或棚、舍)
housing n.住房;住宅
platform n. ___________________
fireplace n.壁炉
saucer n.茶碟; 杯托
kettle n.(烧水用的)壶; 水壶
pan n.平底锅; 烤盘
jar n.罐子; 坛子
ripe adj. ___________________
grill n.烤架;烤肉餐馆
doorway n. ___________________
leftover adj. ___________________ n.吃剩的食物;遗留物
handshake n.握手
2. 重点短语
shake hands with sb. 跟某人握手
be related to ___________________
in the centre of ___________________
a couple of 几个
cover...with... ___________________
drag oneself home 拖着疲惫的身体回家
dry up ___________________
dry out ___________________
after a while 过了一会儿
3. 重点句型
1.There is no doubt that these activities will leave you with unforgettable memories. (There is no doubt that...)
2. I noticed a can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. (notice+宾语+doing sth.)
二、易错点讲解
1. There is no doubt that...
毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that walking on a daily basis is beneficial to our health.
毫无疑问,每天走路对我们的健康有好处。
拓展：
(1) There is some doubt about+n.
对……有些疑问。
There is some doubt whether...
对是否……有些疑问。
Sb. has some doubt about +n.
某人对……有些疑问。
without/beyond doubt 毫无疑问，的确
(2) doubt (vt.)+that引导的宾语从(否定或疑问句中)
doubt (vt.)+whether/if引导的宾语从(肯定中)
(3) doubt (n.)+that 引的同位语从(否定或疑问句中)
doubt (n.)+whether引导的同位语从(肯定句中)
There is some doubt whether he will come on time.
他会不会准时来很难说。
We don't doubt that he can do a good job.
我们并不怀疑他能做得好。
I doubt if that was what he wanted.
我不确信那是不是他想要的。
三、基础练习
1.At a time of the economic crisis, our ________ (prior) should be very clear about what we need to do.
2.For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ________ the shape of a monkey.
3.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ (hide) within the work.
4.He said on the phone that he ________ (wait) for me at the school gate when I arrived there.
5.It was in this park________ you saw my parents that I found my lost book.
6.The gold medal will be awarded to _________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
7.In ancient China lived an artist _________ paintings were almost lifelike.
8. _________ (complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
9.Technological innovations, _________ (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
10.Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _________ (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
On December 26, 2004, an earthquake along the Indian Ocean caused a huge tsunami (海啸) that killed thousands of people in Asia and East Africa. However, wildlife officials at Sri Lanka's Yala National Park reported no mass animal deaths. Yala National Park is home to hundreds of wild animals.
Some researchers believe the animals at the park were able to sense the earthquake and moved to higher ground before the earthquake hit. Animals have good senses that help protect themselves from being hunted by their natural enemies. It is thought that their senses might also help them sense the coming disasters. Several countries have done research on the prediction (预测) of earthquakes by animals. There are two theories about how animals may be able to sense earthquakes. One theory is that animals sense the earth's shake. The other is that they can sense changes in the air. However, so far there has been no strong evidence about how animals may be able to sense earthquakes.
Other researchers are skeptical (怀疑) about using animals for earthquake predictions. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) officially states, "Changes in animal behaviors cannot be used to predict earthquakes. Even though there have been many cases of unusual animal behaviors before earthquakes, a connection between a specific behavior and an earthquake has not been made. Because of their fine senses, animals can often feel the earthquake at its earliest stages before the humans. That's why people say that the animal knew the earthquake was coming. But animals can also change their behaviors for many other reasons. If an earthquake can shake millions of people, it is likely that a few of their pets will, by chance, be acting strangely before the earthquake.”
Although scientists disagree on whether animal behaviors can be used to predict earthquakes, they all agree that it is possible for animals to sense changes in the environment before humans. Researchers around the world are continuing to study the connection between animal behaviors and earthquakes. It is hoped that these studies will help to predict earthquakes.
11.What can we know about animals' senses
A. They are not reliable.
B. They can change the environment.
C. They can protect animals in some ways.
D. They can prevent animals acting strangely.
12.What does the USGS mean
A. Animals change behaviors for many reasons.
B. Animal behaviors can predict earthquakes.
C. Animal behaviors are closely related to earthquakes.
D. Our pets can't sense earthquakes.
13.Which word best describes the author's attitude to scientists' study
A. Disappointed. B. Hopeful. C. Uninterested. D. Skeptical.
14.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. How Earthquakes Cause Tsunami
B. Why Animals Change Behaviors
C. Can Animals Predict Earthquakes
D. What Functions Animals' Senses Have
2. 语法填空
Among the busy streets of Washington, D. C., there is a large public garden that many Americans have never heard of. The U. S. National Arboretum(植物园) includes ①_________ collection of flowering plants called azaleas, a field of native plants named ferns, and flowering trees in the dogwood tree area. The garden ②_________(establish) by Congress in 1927. It plays a leading part in researching and developing plants like trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses.
Government scientists are in charge of the180-hectare area. Their main goal is ③_________(strengthen) the U. S. economy by making sure an important kind of agriculture, ④_________(call) the nursery industry, continues to perform well. The most recent numbers from the U. S. Department of Agriculture(USDA)show that the ornamental and landscape plant industry creates billions of founds in sales each year.
The arboretum is home to one of the ⑤_________(large) collections of preserved seeds in the world.
The National Arboretum Herbarium(植物标本) ⑥_________(house) around 700,000 example seeds. They include seeds from plants that the USDA considers as ⑦_________(economical) important. Scientists collect many genetically different seeds within a kind of plant from both native and non-native plants. The reason ⑧_________ collecting that data is that scientists protect plants from harmful situations like climate change, changed environments, or other new and possible risks.
While the scientists do their work, the public ⑨_________(explore) plants is free to visit the arboretum. Though many people may not know it, the arboretum has had a hand in developing a number of plants ⑩_________ are part of American landscaping.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案： priority
解析：句意为:在经济危机时期,我们的首要任务应该非常明确,那就是明白我们需要做什么。此处作主句的主语,且表示“首要事项;优先的事”,应用名词。故填priority。
2.答案：in
解析：句意为:在我五岁生日的时候,妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。in the shape of...为固定搭配,意为“……形状”。故填in。
3.答案：hidden
解析：句意为:在艺术评论中,你必须假设艺术家在作品中有一个隐藏的秘密信息。设空处作后置定语,修饰message; hide与message之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填hidden。
4.答案：would wait/would be waiting said
解析：后的宾语从句中包含主从复合结构,设空处是该主从复合结构中主句的谓语动词,根据said和when I arrived there可知,此处应用过去将来时或过去将来进行时。故填would wait/ would be waiting。
5.答案：where
解析：句意为:正是在这个你看见我父母的公园里,我找到了我丢失的书。分析句子结构可知, 本句为包含定语从句的强调句, you saw my parents 为定语从句,修饰先行词 this park,关系词在从句中作地点状语, 故填 where。
6.答案：whoever
解析：句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一句的人。本题考查宾语从句。“______wins the first place in the bicycle race”为宾语从句，该从句缺少主语，且设空处表示“任何人”,故填whoever,相当于anyone who。
7.答案：whose
解析：句意为:中国古代有一位画家, 他的画几乎栩栩如生。paintings were almost lifelike为定语从句, 修饰先行词artist, 且引导词在从句中作paintings的定语, 故应用关系代词whose。
8.答案：Completed
解析：句意为:1931年完工的帝国大厦是1954年之前最高的摩天大楼, 它激发了全世界的想象力。句中已有谓语动词inspired, 设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语, complete与the Empire State Building是逻辑上的被动关系, 用过去分词。
9.答案：combined
解析：句意为:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将增加这些产品的销量。combine在此是非谓语动词作状语， 与其逻辑主语Technological innovations是被动关系, 所以应用过去分词。be combined with...意为“与……结合/联合”。故填combined。
10.答案：making
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意: 后来, 他们学会了因地制宜, 在适当的时间播种, 在干旱地区, 利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子可知, make所处的分句中无主语, 故此处需用非谓语动词。make和逻辑主语they之间是主动关系。所以此处用现在分词形式作状语。plant与make是并列的动作, planting已经给出提示, 所以抓住主干是本题的关键点。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Animals have good senses that help protect themselves from being hunted by their natural enemies.(动物有良好的感官,有助于保护自己免受天敌的猎杀。)"可知,动物的感官在某些方面可以保护动物。故选C。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段"But animals can also change their behaviors for many other reasons.(但是动物也会因为其他原因改变它们的行为。)"可知,美国地质调查局(USGS)的意思是动物改变行为的原因有很多。故选A。
13.答案：B
解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段"Researchers around the world are continuing to study the connection between animal behaviors and earthquakes. It is hoped that these studies will help to predict earthquakes.(世界各地的研究人员正在继续研究动物行为和地震之间的联系。希望这些研究将有助于预测地震。)"可推知,作者对科学家的研究是充满希望的。故选B。
14.答案：C
解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第二段"Some researchers believe the animals at the park were able to sense the earthquake and moved to higher ground before the earthquake hit.(一些研究人员认为,公园里的动物能够感觉到地震,并在地震发生前移到更高的地方。)"和文章第三段"Other researchers are skeptical about using animals for earthquake predictions.(其他研究人员对用动物来预测地震持怀疑态度。)"可知,文章主要分析了动物是否能够预测地震这个问题。故选C。
2. 语法填空
答案：①a ②was established ③to strengthen ④called ⑤largest ⑥houses ⑦economically ⑧for ⑨exploring ⑩that/which
解析：①考查冠词。句意：美国国家植物园包括一种叫做杜鹃花的开花植物，一种叫作蕨类植物的本土植物，以及山茱萸树地区的开花树木。a collection of为固定短语，意为"一批，一些"。故填a。
②考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：国会于1927年建立了这个花园。根据时间状语"in
1927"可知，此处为一般过去时，主语The garden和establish为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was established。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的主要目标是通过确保一种被称为苗圃产业的重要农业继续表现良好来加强美国经济。空处表示主句goal的具体内容，需填动词不定式作表语。故填to strengthen。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的主要目标是通过确保一种被称为苗圃产业的重要农业继续表现良好来加强美国经济。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，call和an important kind of agriculture为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填called。
⑤考查形容词最高级。句意：植物园是世界上保存种子最多的地方之一。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词collections,根据"one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数"可知，空处应填形容词最高级。故填largest。
⑥考查动词时态。句意：国家植物标本馆收藏了大约70万个样本种子。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为The National Arboretum Herbarium,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填houses。
⑦考查副词。句意：其中包括美国农业部认为具有重要经济意义的植物种子。修饰形容词
important,需用副词economically,作状语。故填economically。
⑧考查介词。句意：收集这些数据的原因是，科学家保护植物免受气候变化、环境变化或其他新的和可能的风险等有害情况的影响。the reason for为固定搭配，意为…的原因",动名词短语collecting that data作介词for的宾语。故填for。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：当科学家们工作时，探索植物的公众可以免费参观植物园。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词the public, explore和the public为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填exploring。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：虽然很多人可能不知道，但植物园已经参与开发了许多植物，这些植物是美国园林绿化的一部分。空处引导定语从句，先行词a number of plants,指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
