Unit 3 Sea Exploration Using Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
capsule n.胶囊，太空舱
coral n.珊瑚
migration n. _________________
directory n.名录;电话号码簿，(计算机文件或程序的)目录
meanwhile adv. _________________
exploit v. _________________
murder v. _________________n.谋杀; 凶杀
mercy n.仁慈; 宽恕; 恩惠
possession n.个人财产;拥有;控制
opponent n. _________________
log v. _________________ n.正式记录;日志;原木
marine adj.海的; 海产的;海生的
arrest n.逮捕;拘留;中止v. _________________
2. 重点短语
talk of 谈到，说到
spill...into _________________
plastic pollution 塑料污染
tap water 自来水
mine for... _________________
negative cycle 不良循环
commit (a) murder 犯谋杀罪
without mercy 残忍地，毫不留情地
be home to _________________
in possession of 拥有，占有
happen to sth./sb. _________________
take action 采取行动
address important issues 解决重要问题
as well as _________________
such as 例如，比如
amounts of 许多，大量
not just...but also... _________________
be balanced with _________________
3. 重点句型
1. Hopefully, as technology improves, we may have more options for managing this balance. (as引导的时间状语从句)
2. Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. (不定式短语作宾补)
二、易错点讲解
1. as引导时间状语从句
随着时间的推移：
as time goes by (as引导时间状语从句)
with time going by (with复合结构)
As time goes by, the job will let you use all your skills to the maximum.
= With time going by, the job will let you use all your skills to the maximum.
随着时间的推移,这份工作将让你最大限度地发挥你的技能。
三、基础练习
1.These external(外部的) influences are always present, _________ there are certainly ways to deal with them.
2.In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland _________ (damage) by human activity.
3.The famous singer wears sunglasses so he can go shopping without _________ (recognize).
4.Keep in mind that it is no good _________ (recite)without understanding.
5.The number of visitors_________ (rise) steadily since the reopening，despite a sharp decline compared to normal years.
6.We _________ (complain) bitterly about the food when the teacher came and brought pizza and roast chicken.
7.Some adults think of you as the “face-down generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder_________ you deal with school, friends and family.
8.His writing is so confusing that I can’t make out _________ he is trying to express.
9.The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
10.My washing machine _________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
Good Morning Britain (GMB) launches special “listening benches” in order to solve loneliness. EastEnders star Maisie Smith joined Susanna and Martin in the studio to talk about her involvement in a special part of the 1 Million Minutes campaign — GMB’s special “listening benches” across the country.
Six special “listening benches” have been designed by six celebrities, and can be found in six cities across the UK — and they’re in place to encourage people to strike up a conversation. Maisie joined the show to share why the campaign is important to her.
“I’m always very open about mental health,” Maisie explained. “It doesn’t matter who you are, where you’re from, what you have — everyone is going through something and I just think the world would be a kinder place if everyone understood that.”
“I think especially growing up in the limelight (引人注目) as a teenager, you’re very judgmental of yourself when you do see comments of other people judging you. It can add to the stress of the things you re already going through. I think people do think I’m confident because I cover my nerves with a big smile and that’s what I’ve been doing in my whole life.”
Susanna asked Maisie if she had a technique for dealing with her nerves. “It depends on what it is,” said Maisie. “A lot of the time — and it’s going to sound really stupid — but I write a script. I write down all of the questions that I could be asked and try to come up with something so that my brain won’t go blank when I’m under pressure.
11.What is the theme of “listening benches”
A. Caring for oneself. B. Changing the world.
C. Dealing with loneliness. D. Protecting the environment.
12.Why did Maisie Smith join the studio
A. To let people know about her life.
B. To share her feelings of the campaign.
C. To set up a model for other celebrities.
D. To ask more people to express their mind.
13.What is Maisie’s attitude toward her mental health
A. Protective. B. Private. C. Serious. D. Outspoken.
14.What is the text mainly about
A. A programme on mental health. B. GMB interviewing celebrities.
C. Techniques for responding to nerves. D. Preparations before being interviewed.
2.七选五
Tower running is a sport where athletes compete by climbing skyscraper stairs. ① ______ Why would someone choose to race up a building with no view, no crowd, and few refreshment stations Many are motivated by charity, raising funds to combat diseases like cancer or to support education for the less fortunate. Some are just for their inner interest, forming fundraising and training teams.
② ______ It enhances heart and lung function, strengthens the lower body, and boosts endurance and mental resilience. However, tower running is not for the faint-hearted. Anyone who has climbed up a long flight of stairs knows climbing stairs can be painful. And the pain increases greatly during running. Tower runners must be able to deal with the stresses on their feet and legs while running. The risk of falling is real, which can lead to severe injuries.
So you'd better avoid starting your training by hitting the stairs hard, especially if you are a beginner. Start slowly and increase gradually. ③______ They might run the stairs once or twice a week at an intensity that is challenging but not overwhelming.
Unlike some sports, tower running requires minimal equipment — a good pair of running shoes is about it. As for clothes, personal preference rules, but comfort is key.④ ______ It can get hot and stuffy, so choose breathable, lightweight clothing that won't block your climb.
In summary, tower running is a unique sport that tests both physical and mental strength while often supporting worthy causes. It's a discipline that requires careful training and the right mindset to start this special exercise. ⑤ ______
A.There's no wind inside a skyscraper.
B.Climbing stairs is a demanding exercise.
C.It has been growing in popularity recently.
D.Do some warm-up exercises before running.
E.You can combine tower running with other sports.
F.Let's overcome the heights of urban landscapes bravely.
G.Runners can integrate stair climbing into their training routine.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：but
解析：考查连词。句意：这些外部影响总是存在的，但肯定有办法处理它们。根据“there are certainly ways to deal with them”可知，句子表示“这些外部影响总是存在的，但肯定有办法处理它们”，空格处意为“但是”，用but表转折，故填but。
2.答案：damaged
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，我们看到大面积的湿地受到人类活动的破坏。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词wetland，damage和wetland为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词形式。故填damaged。
3.答案：being recognized
解析：考查动名词和被动语态。句意:这位著名的歌手戴着太阳镜，这样他去购物时就不会被人认出来。without是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，歌手是被认出来，因此空格处用动名词的被动语态being recognized。故填being recognized.
4.答案：reciting
解析：考查非谓语。句意:记住，没有理解就背诵是没有用的。分析句子可知，这里考查Itis no good doing sth.，是一个固定句型，意思是“做某事没有好处/意义”。这个句型中的“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语“doing sth.”。故填reciting。
5.答案：has been rising
解析：考查动词时态。句意：自重新开放以来，游客人数一直在稳步上升，尽管与往年相比出现了大幅下降。since自从，是现在完成时的提示词，表示持续，用现在完成进行时。the number of是“……的数量”，作主语，谓语用单数，故填has been rising。
6.答案：were complaining
解析：这里考查be doing...when...结构，意为"正在做……，这时突然……"，一般强调意料之外的情况，且由后面用的一般过去时可知，这里应用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的动作。故填:were complaining。
7.答案：how
解析：考查宾语从句。句意:有些成年人认为你们是"低头的一代",因为你们经常使用手机,他们想知道你们是如何处理学校、朋友和家人的关系的,wonder后接宾语从句,从句中不缺主语和宾语,但句意不完整,结合句意可知,此处表示方式,用连接词how。故填how。
8.答案：what
解析：这里考查宾语从句的引导词。从句 “he is trying to express” 缺少宾语，表达的是 “他试图表达的（内容）”，所以用 what 来引导宾语从句，作 make out 的宾语。
9.答案： be chosen
解析：he和choose之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且设空处位于情态动词would 后,应用“be+过去分词”形式。
10.答案：is being repaired
解析：考查现在进行时，被动语态。句意：这星期我的洗衣机正在修理，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句“所以我不得不手洗衣服”可知，我的洗衣机正在维修；“洗衣机是被维修”，所以此处要用被动语态；主语为“My washing machine”为第三人称单数，所以为is being repaired。故填is being repaired。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据首段中的“Good Morning Britain (GMB) launches special “listening benches” in order to solve loneliness.(《早安英国》推出特殊的栏目“倾听板凳”，以解决孤独感。)”可知，为解决孤独问题，早安英国设置了特殊的栏目“倾听板凳”，所以该活动的主题是“解决孤独”。故选C项。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Maisie joined the show to share why the campaign is important to her.(Maisie参加了节目，分享了为什么活动对她很重要。)”可知，Maisie参加这项活动是为了分享这项活动对她很重要，也就是说，她加入这项活动是分享自己对该项活动的感受。故选B项。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘I’m always very open about mental health,’ Maisie explained. ‘It doesn’t matter who you are, where you’re from, what you have—everyone is going through something and I just think the world would be a kinder place if everyone understood that.’(“我对心理健康总是非常开放，”Maisie解释说。“不管你是谁，你来自哪里，你拥有什么——每个人都在经历一些事情，我只是认为如果每个人都明白这一点，世界会变得更善良。”)”可知，Maisie对自己的精神健康问题一直是很公开的，每人都有自己的经历，大家都理解这一点就很好，由此可推断，Maisie对她的心理健康问题很坦率，直言不讳。故选D项。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合首段“Good Morning Britain (GMB) launches special “listening benches” in order to solve loneliness. EastEnders star Maisie Smith joined Susanna and Martin in the studio to talk about her involvement in a special part of the 1 Million Minutes campaign—GMB’s special “listening benches” across the country.(《早安英国》推出特殊的“倾听板凳”，以解决孤独感。 EastEnders 明星Maisie Smith与Susanna和Martin一起在演播室谈论她参与100万分钟活动的特殊部分 —— GMB在全国各地的特殊栏目“倾听板凳”。)”可知，本文主要介绍《早安英国》推出了一个“倾听板凳”节目，帮助人们解决孤独问题，由此可知，本文主要介绍了一个关于心理健康的节目。故选A项。
2.七选五
答案：CBGAF
解析：①语境衔接题。根据上文Tower running is a sport where athletes compete by climbing skyscraper stairs("跑塔"是一项运动员通过爬摩天大楼楼梯进行比赛的运动)以及下文Why would someone choose to race up a building with no view, no crowd, and few refreshment stations (为什么有人会选择在一座没有风景、没有观众、也没有几个补给站的建筑里赛跑)可知,C选项“它最近越来越受欢迎”可以承接上下文,说明 “跑塔”受到了人们的欢迎。故选C。
②主题判断题。根据下文However, tower running is not for the faint-hearted. Anyone who has climbed up a long flight of stairs knows climbing stairs can be painful. And the pain increases greatly during running .Tower runners must be able to deal with the stresses on their feet and legs while running. The risk of falling is real, which can lead to severe injuries(然而,跑塔并不适合胆小的人。爬过很长一段楼梯的人都知道爬楼梯是很痛苦的。在跑步过程中疼痛会大大增加。跑塔者必须能够在跑步时处理脚和腿上的压力。摔倒的风险是真实存在的,这可能会导致严重的伤害)可知,B选项 “爬楼梯是一项要求苛刻的运动”可以作为本段的标题,本段主要在说爬楼梯是一项要求苛刻的运动。故选B。
③联系上文题。根据上文So you'd better avoid starting your training by hitting the stairs hard, especially if you are a beginner. Start slowly and increase gradually (所以你最好避免在开始训练时用力爬楼梯,特别是如果你是初学者。慢慢开始,逐渐增加)可知,故G选项“跑步者可以把爬楼梯纳入他们的日常训练”承接上文,继续说明锻炼的方法。their training routine呼应Start slowly and increase gradually。故选G。
④联系下文题。根据下文It can get hot and stuffy, so choose breathable ,lightweight clothing that won't block your climb(爬楼梯时可能会变得又热又闷,所以选择透气、轻便的衣服,这样不会妨碍你的登山)可知,A选项"摩天大楼里没有风"承接下文,解释爬楼梯时会变得又热又闷的原因。故选A。
⑤联系上文题。根据上文It's a discipline that requires careful training and the right mindset to start this special exercise(这是一门学科,需要仔细的训练和正确的心态来开始这项特殊的练习)可知,F选项 “让我们勇敢地克服城市景观的高度吧”承接上文,呼吁人们参与这项运动中来。故选F。Unit 3 Sea Exploration Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
tale n. _________________
merchant n.商人;批发商adj.海上货运的
extend v. _________________
negotiate vt.商定;达成(协议)vi.谈判;磋商;协商
fleet n.舰队;机群;车队
behold v. _________________
league n.等级;水平;联合会; 联赛
royal adj. _________________
spice n.(调味)香料
withdraw v. _________________
channel n.航道;海峡; 频道
maritime adj. _________________
bond n.纽带; 关系v. _________________
2. 重点短语
set sail 起航; 开航
in a league of one's own 独领风骚
withdraw from _________________
reach out _________________
form the foundation of _________________
inspire sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
search for 寻找(动词短语)
in search of 寻找(介词短语)
in ancient times 在古代
become known as _________________
(be) centred around _________________
lead to more awareness of _________________
三、重点句型
1.In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. (what引导的宾语从句)
2. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). (过去分词短语作状语)
二、易错点讲解
1.what引导的名词性从句
(1)what引导的名词性从句可在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
(2)what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语表语或定语。
(3)what有三种意思：什么;……的东西/事情等:多么。
What made Lucy happy is the appointment with Tom.
让露西高兴的是和汤姆的约会。(what在主语从句中作主语)
The consumers believe in the salesman, so they believe what he has promised.
消费者信任这个推销员，所以他们相信他所承诺的。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)
The street is more like what it was 10 years ago.
这条街更像它10年前的样子。(what在宾语从句中作表语)
I have no idea what happened to my ladder, which is easy to break.
我不知道我的梯子怎么了，它很容易坏。(what在同位语从句中作主语)
三、基础练习
1.________ a practical point of view, the best approach is to throw ourselves into the task________ hand.
2.The details of the Free Trade Agreement between the two countries have been under ________(negotiate) for several years.
3.China's National Highway 318, ________(extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the "heavenly road" for its amazing views.
4.Some people think that Confucius (孔子), ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C. , influenced the development of chopsticks (筷子).
5.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _________(follow) them.
6.__________ (beat) by the opposite team, we didn’t lose heart.
7.__________ is mentioned above, peanuts are fit to grow in sand fields.
8.His purpose was ________ (discover) how long these guests intended to stay.
9.It is strongly urged that all the lamps________ (turn) out during the night.
10.Applying oil __________the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
四、思维拓展
1.阅读理解
On July 28, I retired from my position. After teaching for many years, I looked forward to kayaking (划独木舟) with my grandsons, seeing friends and traveling for leisure with my husband. But my body had other plans for me. A broken spine (脊椎) in my back took me down a path that upended my plans.
I have long had back pain. However, I pushed through the pain to do my work, which worsened my condition. Doctors urged an operation when increased disability meant I could not sit, stand or walk for a long time. But I wanted to see whether physical therapy (治疗) could create an easier option.
Indeed, hard work with a great physical therapist has let me improve my mobility, sitting and standing. But X-rays told a different story. My spine was unstable and bending. After careful consideration and a second opinion from another professional, I agreed to surgery yet in the near term. Needless to say, the past months have been tough and the way ahead will be even tougher. Kayaking with my grandsons in the peacefulness of the lake is all out of reach, for now.
When I met my physical therapist for the first time, I was a mess. He listened to me outline my history with tears and then calmly said, “You have to make friends with your body.” I have repeated that line to myself daily and worked to embrace my body. I have focused on gratitude. I’m grateful that I do not have a fatal disease. I’m grateful that the body I have remains alert to the world, loved by family and friends. I’m grateful that I am still myself.
I don’t know exactly how the future will play out. The surgeon assures me that I should be able to get in my kayak by summer. But I may have to make friends with a different body, one that is mine regardless of the shape.
11.Why did the author’s condition become worse
A. She disliked physical therapy.
B. She hurt her back when kayaking.
C. She still worked despite back pain.
D. She was unwilling to have an operation.
12.What can we learn about the author from paragraph 3
A. She forgot to kayak with her grandsons.
B. She decided to accept an operation right away.
C. She completely recovered after physical therapy.
D. She asked another doctor for advice on the operation.
13.What changed the author’s attitude towards her body
A. Her wish to enjoy retirement life.
B. Her physical therapist’s advice.
C. Her worsening physical condition.
D. Her love for her family and friends.
14.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text
A. Learning to accept my body
B. Enjoying my retirement life
C. Fighting against my back pain
D. Being grateful for what I have
2. 七选五
AQ, or Adversity Quotient(逆商), refers to an individual’s capacity to effectively navigate and overcome adversities. It shares similarities with concepts such as resilience(应力) and persistence. Those with a high AQ have the ability to bounce back after facing setbacks. ① _________
Adaptability to shifting circumstances
Similar to how creatures in the natural world must adapt to survive, individuals in the professional realm must also embrace change. Individuals with high AQ understand that change is constant and inevitable, and instead of resisting it, they embrace it as an opportunity for growth and development. ② _________
③ _________
Emotional stability is a crucial quality when facing adversity. Individuals with a high AQ possess the capacity to manage their emotions effectively, ensuring that they do not get overwhelmed by negativity or despair. They remain calm under pressure and approach problems with a clear and rational mindset.
Positive Mindset
High AQ individuals maintain a positive and optimistic outlook on life. They usually view adversities as temporary hurdles and believe in their ability to overcome them. ④ _________ They also use setbacks as stepping stones towards personal development positively.
Problem-Solving Skills
⑤ _________ They possess creative problem-solving abilities and a flexible mindset that allows them to identify effective solutions to overcome difficulties. They approach problems with a strategic mindset, analyzing the situation, and finding practical and efficient ways to resolve them.
A. Ability for self-management.
B. Capacity for emotional regulation.
C. Cultivating AQ is essential for personal growth.
D. Such individuals often exhibit the following qualities.
E. High AQ individuals excel at finding effective solutions.
F. They actively pursue growth through challenging situations.
G. Their ability to adapt enables them to overcome diverse challenges.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：From; in/on/at
解析：考查介词。from a/an... point of view表示“从……的角度看”;表示“在手头”用in/on/at hand。句意:从实际的角度来看,最好的方法就是让我们自己投入手头的任务中去。
2.答案：negotiation
解析：考查名词。be under negotiation 意为“在商谈/谈判中”,故填negotiation。句意:两国之间自由贸易协定的细节已经谈判了好几年。
3.答案：extending
解析：考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知,is known是句子的谓语且前面没有连词,所以空格处应填非谓语动词。extend与句子主语China's National Highway 318之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词,故填extending。句意:中国的318国道从上海到西藏樟木,延伸出五千多千米,因为它令人费叹的景色而被誉为“天路”。
4.答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。此处引导非限制定语从句,修饰上文的the great Chinese scholar Confucius。
5.答案：following
解析：考查with 复合结构。分析句子结构可知,follow与 their pet dog之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式作宾补。
6.答案：Beaten
解析：题意:虽然被对手打败了,但我们并没有灰心。解析: beat"打败",与we之间是动宾关系,句中已有谓语动词lose, beat要用非谓语动词,用过去分词短语作状语,因在句首,首字母大写。故填:Beaten。
7.答案：As
解析：题意:正如上面提到的,花生适合在沙地上生长。解析:分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,位于句首,在主句前,修饰主句,空处在从句中作主语,表示"正如",故应用关系代词as;句首字母大写。
8.答案：to discover
解析：[翻译]他的目的是发现这些客人打算待多久。purpose意为"目的",后接动词不定式作表语,discover意为"发现",故填to discover。
9.答案：(should) be turned
解析：表示"建议、要求、命令"的动词urge/order/command/request/require/suggest, etc.等之后的宾语从句及It is+urged/ordered/commanded/requested...that的结构中的谓语动词都应用虚拟语气,即 (should)+动词原形的结构,从句主语all the lamps与turn之间为被动关系,所以应用其被动语态形式(should) be turned。故填(should) be turned。
10.答案：to
解析：题意:在受伤的地方涂油是一个坏主意,因为它会保持伤口的热度,可能会导致感染。根据句意,横线处应是to, apply ...to"抹,涂",是动词短语。故填to。
思维拓展
1.阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“I have long had back pain. However, I pushed through the pain to do my work, which worsened my condition. (我背痛很久了。然而，我顶着疼痛去做我的工作，这使我的病情恶化了)”可知，尽管背部疼痛，作者仍然工作，因此病情恶化了。故选C项。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“After careful consideration and a second opinion from another professional, I agreed to surgery yet in the near term. (经过仔细的考虑和再征求另一位专业人士的意见后，我同意在短期内做手术)”可知，作者向另一位医生征求了手术建议。故选D项。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“When I met my physical therapist for the first time, I was a mess. He listened to me outline my history with tears and then calmly said, “You have to make friends with your body.” I have repeated that line to myself daily and worked to embrace my body. (当我第一次见到我的理疗师时，我一团糟。他听我流着泪讲述我的经历，然后平静地说：“你必须和你的身体做朋友。”我每天都对自己重复这句话，努力接受自己的身体)”可知，理疗师建议作者学会和身体做朋友，这改变了她对自己身体的态度。故选B项。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是全文最后一句“But I may have to make friends with a different body, one that is mine regardless of the shape. (但我可能不得不和一个不同的身体交朋友，一个不管形态如何都属于我的身体)”可知，文章围绕作者治疗背部脊椎疾病的经历展开，作者原计划在退休后享受休闲时光，但却因为背部脊椎的病情计划被打乱。作者长期背痛，却仍然工作，导致病情恶化，尽管物理治疗有所帮助，但作者还是进行了手术。手术后作者的日子很艰难，听了理疗师建议和自己的身体做朋友后，作者改变了对自己身体的态度，开始接受自己的身体，对生活充满感激。因此，A项“学着接受自己的身体”点明了这段经历最终的结局和主题，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
2. 七选五
答案：DGBFE
解析：①根据上文“AQ, or Adversity Quotient (逆商), refers to an individual’s capacity to effectively navigate and overcome adversities. It shares similarities with concepts such as resilience (应力) and persistence. Those with a high AQ have the ability to bounce back after facing setbacks. (AQ，或称逆境商，是指个人有效驾驭和克服逆境的能力。它与弹性和持久性等概念有相似之处。那些AQ高的人在面对挫折后有能力反弹)”和下文“Adaptability to shifting circumstances (对不断变化的环境的适应性)”，“Positive Mindset (积极的心态)”，“Problem-Solving Skills (解决问题的能力)”可知，文章接下来要介绍的是AQ高的人所具有的能力。选项D“这些人往往表现出以下品质。”和上下文意思一致。故选D。
②根据上文“Similar to how creatures in the natural world must adapt to survive, individuals in the professional realm must also embrace change. Individuals with high AQ understand that change is constant and inevitable, and instead of resisting it, they embrace it as an opportunity for growth and development. (与自然世界中的生物必须适应生存的方式类似，专业领域中的个人也必须接受变化。AQ高的人明白变化是持续的、不可避免的，他们没有抵制它，而是将其视为成长和发展的机会)”可知，这一段介绍AQ高的人的适应能力很强。选项G“他们的适应能力使他们能够克服各种各样的挑战。”和上文意思一致。故选G。
③根据下文“Emotional stability is a crucial quality when facing adversity. Individuals with a high AQ possess the capacity to manage their emotions effectively, ensuring that they do not get overwhelmed by negativity or despair. They remain calm under pressure and approach problems with a clear and rational mindset. (面对逆境时，情绪稳定是至关重要的品质。AQ高的人有能力有效地管理自己的情绪，确保他们不会被消极或绝望所淹没。他们在压力下保持冷静，以清晰理性的心态处理问题)”可知，这一段主要介绍AQ高的人具有很高的情绪调节能力。选项B“情绪调节能力。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
④根据上文“High AQ individuals maintain a positive and optimistic outlook on life. They usually view adversities as temporary hurdles and believe in their ability to overcome them. (AQ高的人保持积极乐观的人生观。他们通常将逆境视为暂时的障碍，并相信自己有能力克服这些障碍)”可知，AQ高的人会保持积极乐观的态度并且在逆境中成长。选项F“他们在充满挑战的环境中积极追求成长。”和上文意思一致。故选F。
⑤根据下文“They possess creative problem-solving abilities and a flexible mindset that allows them to identify effective solutions to overcome difficulties. They approach problems with a strategic mindset, analyzing the situation, and finding practical and efficient ways to resolve them. (他们具有创造性的解决问题的能力和灵活的心态，能够找到克服困难的有效解决方案。他们以战略思维处理问题，分析形势，并找到切实有效的方法来解决问题)”可知，这一段介绍AQ高的人有创造性的解决问题的能力。选项E“AQ高的人擅长寻找有效的解决方案。”和下文意思一致。故选E。Unit 3 Sea Exploration Learning About Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
politics n. ________________
profession n.职业;行业
tournament n.锦标赛; 联赛
mixture n. ________________
laptop n.笔记本电脑; 便携式电脑
coverage n.新闻报道;覆盖范围
applaud v.鼓掌vt. ________________
tax v. ________________n.税;税款
manned adj. ________________
submersible n.潜水器;可潜船
underwater adv. ________________
2. 重点短语
in hand ________________
press conference 记者招待会; 新闻发布会
in return for ________________
withdraw from 退出;撤回
the Belt and Road Initiative________________
strengthen the bonds between…and... ________________
the rest of 剩余的，其他的
for the benefit of ________________
cultural exchange 文化交流
point of view ________________
an urgent need 迫切需要
3. 重点句型
1. It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (so that引导目的状语从句)
2. Far out in the ocean, where the water is as clear as glass, lives the Sea King. (完全倒装)
二、易错点讲解
1.完全倒装
表示地点的介词词组位于句首,主语是名词,谓语是be, stand, sit, lie, live等动词的句子,用完全倒装结构。
In the middle of the grasslands lived a flock of wild goats.
在草原的中央生活着一群野山羊。
(1)there/here, now/then, up/down, in/out，away/off + be/come/go/run/rush/fly/follow/fall+主语(名词)
Here come my students, shouting slogans loudly.
我的学生们来了,大声喊着口号。
(2)过去分词/现在分词/作表语的形容词+be+主语(名词)
Present at the session are some famous scientists.
出席会议的是一些著名科学家。
三、基础练习
1.Although there exist _________ (variety) of dialects in English, people usually have no difficulty understanding each other.
2.Before Friday, the last __________ (survive) was found on May 12, and even her story ended tragically.
3.As _________ result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
4.Participants, most of __________ are middle school students, will meet at the Olympic forest park.
5.The __________ (determine) look on her face suggested that Zheng Qinwen made up her mind.
6.The restaurant is popular with the local people, __________ (particular) among young people.
7.One major disadvantage of the area is the lack __________ public transport.
8.From then on, I walked to school with my head __________ (hold) high and back straight.
9.She has changed so much that she is unlikely __________ (recognize) by her old friend.
10.You work hard on your lessons and your efforts __________ (reward) with success in the end.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
When you think of a cute, furry wild animal, you often picture a koala. These adorable- looking creatures appear friendly, so it’s no wonder people are concerned about the future of the species after the bushfires that destroyed parts of Australia from 2019 to 2020. Luckily, many survived, which gives us a chance to continue to learn more about these marsupials (有袋目哺乳动物).
Australia’s native and unique wildlife such as kangaroos, platypus and koalas, are under constant threat from human activity and natural disasters. It’s thought at least a billion animals lost their lives as a result of the four- month bushfires. Recently, drones and thermal imaging technology (热成像技术) have been used to track their movements to help them keep safe. Protecting these unique species is important because, as The Australian Koala Foundation estimates, there are now possibly as few as43,000 koalas in the wild.
So, what is so special about koalas and what makes them so “cool” Maybe we envy their ability to sleep for up to 22 hours a day! Or could it be their laid- back appearance due to the fact that they are herbivores (食草动物) and mainly feed on juicy eucalyptus leaves (桉树叶), which take a lot of time and energy to digest
What is amazing is that because they often live in a dry and hot environment, they drink very little water. So, how do they survive Well, scientists have discovered that these wild mammals lick running water off the smooth surface of a tree trunk when it is raining. This phenomenon is called “stemflow”. Valentina Mella, the lead author of the research from the University of Sydney, told the BBC: “I think the main message is that behavioral observations in the wild are very important to establish what is normal and what is unusual, and to truly understand what animals need. If we watch them carefully, they will tell us.”
So despite the word “koala” meaning “no drink” or “no water” in the Aboriginal language, it seems that even these sleepy creatures do need a drink sometimes. And if we encourage them to flourish (昌盛) again, we need to conserve their habitat and protect them in a way they favor.
11.What can be learned about koalas from the first two paragraphs
A. They are the only marsupials unique to Australia.
B. They are occasionally threatened by natural disasters.
C. They are saved from the bushfires by high technologies.
D. They are endangered wildlife with a small population.
12.What can be concluded about “stemflow”
A. It is a rare phenomenon in a dry environment.
B. It is the main water source for koalas.
C. It helps to discover abnormal koalas.
D. It shows what wild animals need.
13.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To criticize Australia’s forest fire fighting.
B. To introduce the habits of koalas.
C. To present a new discovery about koalas.
D. To appeal for koala conservation.
14.What is a suitable title for the text
A. Cool Koalas In Hot Water B. Wild Koalas: A Ship Of The Desert
C. Cute Koalas Between Two Fires D. Sleepy Koalas: An Enviable Friend
2. 语法填空
Putian wood carving, one of the four well-known ①______(category) of the art of Chinese wood carving, originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties. ②______ (serve) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) item in China, it is a traditional folk carving technique of southeast China’s Fujian Province.
Zheng Chunhui, Lin Jianjun and Chen Yushu are three ③______ (exception) representatives of wood carving masters. Zheng is a provincial-level inheritor (继承人) of the wood carving art, ④______not only excels in traditional wood carving technique, ⑤______expresses his love for his family and nation through his works. To promote the art, Zheng opened a unique wood carving gallery, which is the ⑥______ (one) in Putian run by an individual and free to the public. The delicately made wood carving works by Lin ⑦______ (shine) at a BRICS summit (峰会) several years ago, and meanwhile, the Chinese-style antique furniture pieces that are made by Chen ⑧______ (show) at many international exhibitions over the past few years.
Putian city is home ⑨______over 2,600 wood carving companies, and the wood carving works ⑩______ (create) there were sold to more than 20 countries and regions around the world last year.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：varieties
解析：考查名词。句意：尽管英语中存在多种方言，但人们通常不难相互理解。varieties of是固定短语，表示“多种多样的”，符合题意，所以空处应用名词的复数形式。故填varieties。
2.答案：survivor
解析：survive 是动词，意为 “幸存”。这里表示 “幸存者”，需用名词 survivor，“最后一名幸存者在 5 月 12 日被发现”，所以答案为 survivor。
3.答案：a
解析：考查固定短语。句意：因此，太空科学帮助农业努力生产足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口。as a result 为固定短语，意为“因此”。故填 a。
4.答案：whom
解析：这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “Participants”（参与者），指人，且在从句中作介词 “of” 的宾语，所以要用关系代词 whom。
5.答案：determined
解析：determine 是动词，意为 “决定”。这里要修饰名词 look（表情），应用形容词 determined，“坚定的表情”，表示人的表情、眼神等带有某种情绪或状态时，常用过去分词形式的形容词。所以填 determined。
6.答案：particularly
解析：本题考查副词。particularly尤其，特别，副词，作状语，故填particularly。
7.答案：of
解析：考查固定短语。句意:这个地区的一大不便之处就是缺少公共交通工具。此处为固定短语 the lack of故填of。
8.答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:从那时起，我昂首挺胸走路上学。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构其中的动词为非谓语形式，head和hold为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填held。
9.答案：to be recognized
解析：“be unlikely to do sth.” 表示 “不太可能做某事”，此处主语 “she” 与 “recognize” 之间是被动关系，即 “被认出”，所以用不定式的被动形式 “to be recognized”。
10.答案：will be rewarded
解析：考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子 “You work hard on your lessons and your efforts...” 可知，这里表示你努力学习，你的努力最终将会得到成功的回报。“will be rewarded” 是一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，强调努力会被回报，且是在将来发生的动作。故填 will be rewarded。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一二段可知由于人类活动和自然灾害,如澳大利亚森林大火等,澳大利亚野生动物栖息地受损缩小,野生动物生命和数量遭受威胁,根据第二段Protecting these unique species is important because, as The Australian Koala Foundation estimates, there are now possibly as few as 43,000 koalas in the wild. (保护这些独特的物种十分重要,因为据澳大利亚考拉基金会估计,当前野外可能仅余43,000只考拉。)可知,考拉数量相对较少,是比较濒危的野生动物。故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段What is amazing is that because they often live in a dry and hot environment, they drink very little water. So, how do they survive Well, scientists have discovered that these wild mammals lick running water off the smooth surface of a tree trunk when it is raining. This phenomenon is called "stemflow". (令人惊奇的是,因为它们经常生活在干燥炎热的环境中,所以它们喝的水很少。那么,它们是如何生存的呢 科学家们发现,下雨的时候,这些野生哺乳动物会从树干光滑的表面舔下流水。这种现象被称为"茎流"。)可推断, "茎流"是考拉的主要水源。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段And if we encourage them to flourish (昌盛) again, we need to conserve their habitat and protect them in a way they favor. (如果我们想使考拉物种再次繁荣昌盛,我们需要保护它们的栖息地并且以他们喜欢的方式保护它们。)可知,作者的写作目的是号召大家保护考拉。故选D。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。文章前两段介绍因栖息地受人类活动和自然灾害威胁减少,导致考拉物种数量减少,亟待保护,三、四段介绍考拉“cool”的生活习性,结合两部分及最后一段作者发出的保护栖息地、保护考拉的号召,可知本文主旨标题是Cool Koalas In Hot Water (水深火热之中的酷酷考拉),而非Wild Koalas: A Ship Of The Desert(野生考拉:沙漠之舟)、Cute Koalas Between Two Fires(腹背受敌的可爱考拉)、Sleepy Koalas: An Enviable Friend (瞌睡考拉:值得羡慕的朋友)。故选A。
2. 语法填空
答案：categories; Serving; exceptional; who; but; first; shone; have been shown; to; created
解析：①考查名词。句意：莆田木雕是中国木雕艺术四大知名门类之一，起源于唐宋时期。category为可数名词，four修饰可数名词复数形式。故填categories。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：它是中国国家非物质文化遗产，是中国东南部福建省的一种传统民间雕刻技术。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，it和serve为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Serving。
③考查形容词。句意：郑春辉、林建军、陈玉树是木雕大师的三位杰出代表。修饰名词representatives需用形容词exceptional，作定语。故填exceptional。
④考查定语从句。句意：郑是省级木雕艺术的传承人，他不仅擅长传统的木雕技术，而且通过他的作品表达了他对家庭和民族的爱。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词inheritor，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。
⑤考查连词。句意同上。not only…but (also)…为固定搭配，意为“不仅……，而且……”。故填but。
⑥考查序数词。句意：为了推广木雕艺术，郑开设了一个独特的木雕画廊，这是莆田第一个由个人经营并免费向公众开放的画廊。定冠词the修饰序数词，空处需填序数词first。故填first。
⑦考查动词时态。句意：几年前，林的精致木雕作品在金砖国家峰会上大出风头，与此同时，陈制作的中国风格的古董家具在过去几年里也在许多国际展览上展出。根据时间状语“several years ago”可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填shone。
⑧考查动词时态语态。句意同上。根据时间状语“over the past few years”可知，使用现在完成时，主语the Chinese-style antique furniture pieces和show为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been shown。
⑨考查介词。句意：莆田市有2600多家木雕企业，去年创作的木雕作品销往世界20多个国家和地区。be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的所在地”。故填to。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰the wood carving works，create和the wood carving works为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填created。
