Unit 1 Science Fiction Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
fiction n. __________________
bonus n.意外收获;奖金;红利
ridiculous adj. __________________
integrity n.诚实正直; 完整; 完好
dignity n. __________________
salary n.薪水;薪金
absurd adj. __________________
appointment n. __________________
nail n.指甲;趾甲; 钉子v. __________________
saleswoman n.女售货员;女推销员
guilty adj. __________________
suspend v. __________________
ladder n.梯子; 阶梯
dismiss v. __________________
declare v.表明; 宣称;公布
whereas conj.然而;但是;尽管
rumour n.谣言; 传闻
presume v. __________________
fare n.车费，船费; 飞机票价
weekly adj.每周的n.周刊
2. 重点短语
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
fossil fuel 化石燃料
experiment with... __________________
test out __________________
be away on a business 出差在外
persuade sb.to do sth. __________________
allow sb.to do sth. __________________
feel alarmed 感到担心
It would be a bonus. 这还会是个意外收获。
more like __________________
with smooth hair and a deep voice 头发顺滑，嗓音低沉
facial expression 面部表情
as a favour 作为一项恩惠
in favour of __________________
do sb. a favor __________________
or rather __________________
with wonder 惊奇地
二、易错点讲解
1.同位语
(1)名词(短语)代词作同位语。
This is Mr. Zhong, a famous specialist from China.
这就是钟先生，一位来自中国的著名专家。
They each can get a chance to travel by air.
他们每个人都有机会坐飞机旅行。
(2)不定式(短语)动名词(短语)作同位语。
The young man tried to achieve his aim-entering the key university.
这个年轻人努力实现他的目标---进入那所重点大学。
(3) 同位语从句通常跟在某些抽象名词(fact, plan, view, idea, belief, opinion, possibility, thought 等)后，用来说明所修饰词的具体内容。
I am in favour of the view that children shouldn't always rely on their parents.
我赞成孩子们不应该总是依赖父母的观点。
2. suggest (that)+主语 +(should) do...
建议某人做……
It is suggested that + 主语 +(should) do…
The suggestion is that +主语 +(should) do...
建议某人做……
It is suggested that she should make her mind at once.
建议她立即做出决定。
His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.
他建议我马上动身去北京。
三、基础练习
1.In the past 30 years, the economy of China has developed _______________ (significant), which is of great importance to the world economy.
2.Modern technology makes life more _______________ (convenience).
3.Located _________ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
4.Anxious to make it to the school basketball team, Steve keeps his energy _________ (focus) on his training.
5.People in the disaster-hit areas _________ (supply) with adequate food and medicine soon after the earthquake.
6.The policy of delaying retirement has started many discussions in society, with different opinions about its _______________ (benefit) and challenges.
7.Before Friday, the last _______________ (survive) was found on May 12, and even her story ended tragically.
8.Although there exist _________ (variety) of dialects in English, people usually have no difficulty understanding each other.
9.Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures ______ by emergency services.
10.________ (cover) with thick snow, the mountains look like a silver world.
四、思维拓展
1.阅读理解
Everyone knows they feel amazingly good and refreshed after a good night’s sleep but now scientists have discovered it can help you to live longer too. According to a study in the US, healthy sleeping habits mean men can live almost five years longer, and women for two years. It also found that sleep facilitates our health and reduces the risk of heart disease.
However, the study by the American College of Cardiology shows it’s not just about how long you sleep; the quality of your sleep is important too. Dr Frank Qian, who led the study, said sleep must be restful. The researchers said that sleep of high quality for adults depended on five important factors: getting seven to eight hours of sleep each night; having trouble falling asleep no more than twice a week; having trouble staying asleep no more than twice a week; not using medicine to get to sleep; and waking up feeling rested at least five days a week.
Each factor was given one point, with a maximum of five points for the highest quality of sleep. The researchers looked at the results of a survey of 172, 321 people in the US that measured their health habits, including sleep, over five years. They found that people who had all five points were likely to live longer and lead healthier lives than those who had sleep difficulties.
According to The Sleep Charity, a good night’s sleep can boost people’s memory and immune system. Dr Qian admits that no one’s sleep is perfect — everyone has a late or restless night sometimes. However, he said, “Even from a young age, if people can develop these good habits of getting enough sleep, making sure they are sleeping without too many bothers, which stem from daily troubles or noisy surroundings. And gradually it can greatly benefit their overall long-term health.”
The study was based on people reporting their own sleep habits rather than recording them scientifically, so this may have affected the results and various study approaches are needed.
11.What is mainly talking about in paragraph 1
A. The effects of a bad sleep. B. The causes of heart disease.
C. The benefits of a good sleep. D. The length of a proper sleep.
12.Which of the following can determine the quality of sleep
A. Sleep’s time. B. Sleep’s place.
C. The five important methods of sleep. D. The five significant elements of sleep.
13.Which of the words can replace the underlined word in paragraph 4
A. Differ. B. Come. C. Hear. D. Start.
14.What is the disadvantage of the study
A. Its limited samples. B. Its simple analysis.
C. Its shortage of enough data. D. Its single researching method.
2. 七选五
Being under slept has a long list of disadvantages. Without enough sleep, we set ourselves up for the risk of anxiety, weight gain, or even worse. So if you are just ready to change your sleeping habits overall, what can you do It turns out that nighttime rituals (习惯) can only take you so far. ① _________ Here are three things you can do during the day to sleep better tonight
●② _________
Hard as it may be to fit a workout routine into your day, it’s worth it. Exercise may help promote good sleep in two ways. ③ _________ This alone may contribute to good sleep. In addition, exercise can physically tire you out. Regular exercise improves the quality of sleep, helps people fall asleep faster and even helps people sleep a little longer
● Open the blinds(窗帘), or better yet, go outside!
Try to start your day with sunlight. Open the blinds. And if you can, go outside for at least 20 minutes in the early to mid-morning hours. Daylight is one of the most powerful resitters of our 24-hour clock.
When daylight comes through the eyes, it actually stops melatonin (褪黑素) producing. Your brain now realizes, “Oh, it must be daytime.” ④ _________
● Make your bedroom a screen-free, peaceful place.
⑤ _________ But these electronics can expose us to a type of light known as blue light which can negatively influence our sleep. So really try to read from an old-fashioned book or paper magazine at bedtime. Normally when the sun goes down and the lights turn off, our body produces melatonin, which helps us get a nice sleep. But when we have all this artificial light on, it's tricking our brain into thinking it’s still daytime.
A. Move your body and get tired
B. Exercise regularly and sleep early.
C. Lots of us are attached to our devices (设备).
D. It’s your body’s natural wake-up call.
E. Physical activity is known to reduce anxiety.
F. Daylight in the morning tends to lead to better sleep at night.
G. Getting good sleep is very much dependent on your daytime routines.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：significantly
解析：significant 是形容词，意为 “重要的，显著的”。这里要修饰动词 developed，需用副词 significantly，“在过去 30 年，中国经济显著发展”，所以答案是 significantly。
2.答案：convenient
解析：convenience 是名词，意为 “方便”。make sth. + 形容词，表示 “使某物……”，这里需要用形容词 convenient，“使生活更方便”，所以答案是 convenient。convenience 是名词，意为 “方便”。make sth. + 形容词，表示 “使某物……”，这里需要用形容词 convenient，“使生活更方便”，所以答案是 convenient。
3.答案：where
解析：考查状语从句连接词。句意:位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。“be located in+地点名词”意为“位于/坐落某地”,因此用where引导地点状语从句,在此相当于in some place,故填 where。
4.答案：focused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进入校篮球队，史蒂夫把精力集中在训练上。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，his energy和focus为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填focused。
5.答案：were supplied
解析：考查动词时态语态。句意：地震发生后不久，灾区人民就得到了充足的食品和药品。空处作谓语，people和supply为被动关系，需用被动语态，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were supplied。
6.答案：benefits
解析：benefit 是名词，意为 “益处，好处”。and 连接并列成分，challenges 为复数形式，所以这里 benefit 也用复数 benefits，表示 “关于其益处和挑战有不同的观点”，所以答案为 benefits。
7.答案：survivor
解析：survive 是动词，意为 “幸存”。这里表示 “幸存者”，需用名词 survivor，“最后一名幸存者在 5 月 12 日被发现”，所以答案为 survivor。
8.答案：varieties
解析：考查名词。句意：尽管英语中存在多种方言，但人们通常不难相互理解。varieties of是固定短语，表示“多种多样的”，符合题意，所以空处应用名词的复数形式。故填varieties。
9.答案：released
解析：考查动词。句意：根据紧急服务部门公布的数据，人们越来越担心死亡人数可能达到5人。根据句意可知用动词release,与figure构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填released。
10.答案：Covered
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：被厚厚的雪覆盖着，这些山看起来像一个银色的世界。the mountains和cover之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词covered作状语，可置于句首。故填Covered。
思维拓展
1.阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据通读第一段可知，好的睡眠习惯对心理(feel amazingly good)和生理(facilitate our health)均有好处，主要介绍了睡眠的好处，故选C。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers said that sleep of high quality for adults depended on five important factors…”可知，睡眠质量取决于五个关键因素，并且第二段具体介绍了这五个关键因素，故选 D。
13.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据该画线词所在的句子可知，干扰来源于生活中的麻烦和嘈杂的环境，所以come from 表示“来自于”的意思，故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study was based on people reporting their own sleep habit rather than recording them scientifically, so this may have affected the results and various study approaches are needed”可知，应该采用更加科学和多样的方式进行研究，故选D。
2. 七选五
答案：GAEDC
解析：①由上文“It turns out that nighttime rituals (习惯) can only take you so far.(事实证明，夜间习惯只能让你走这么远)”可知， 这里强调夜间习惯对改善睡眠的作用有限，空格处要引出与夜间习惯相对的内容，即白天的习惯对睡眠的重要性，而G项Getting good sleep is very much dependent on your daytime routines.(获得良好的睡眠在很大程度上取决于你白天的日常习惯)符合此处语境，进一步指出良好睡眠与白天习惯的关系，承接上文夜间习惯作用有限的内容，有承上启下的作用。故选G项。
②由下文“Hard as it may be to fit a workout routine into your day, it’s worth it. Exercise may help promote good sleep in two ways.(尽管在一天中安排一个锻炼计划可能很困难，但这是值得的。锻炼可以从两个方面帮助促进良好的睡眠)”可知，整段围绕运动对睡眠的帮助展开，空格处应是对该段内容的总结，即关于运动的相关建议，而A项Move your body and get tired.(活动你的身体，让自己感到疲惫)符合此处语境，与下文提到的锻炼能促进睡眠相呼应，概括了该段关于运动的主题。故选A项。
③由上文“Exercise may help promote good sleep in two ways.(锻炼可以从两个方面帮助促进良好的睡眠)”可知， 这里提到锻炼促进良好睡眠有两种方式，空格处应是对其中一种方式的具体说明，结合下文“In addition, exercise can physically tire you out.(此外，锻炼可以让身体感到疲惫)”可知，此处应是锻炼在心理或精神方面对睡眠的促进作用，而E项Physical activity is known to reduce anxiety.(众所周知，身体活动可以减少焦虑)符合此处语境，指出身体活动能减少焦虑，进而有助于睡眠，是锻炼促进睡眠的一种方式，与下文身体方面的作用相对应。故选E项。
④由上文“When daylight comes through the eyes, it actually stops melatonin (褪黑素) producing. Your brain now realizes, ‘Oh, it must be daytime.’(当光线进入眼睛时，它实际上会阻止褪黑素的产生。你的大脑现在意识到，‘哦，一定是白天了。’)”可知， 这里讲述了日光对褪黑素产生的影响以及大脑对白天的认知，空格处应进一步说明这种情况对身体的影响，而D项It’s your body’s natural wake-up call.(这是你身体自然的唤醒信号)符合此处语境，承接上文日光对身体的影响，说明这是身体自然的唤醒方式。故选D项。
⑤由下文“But these electronics can expose us to a type of light known as blue light which can negatively influence our sleep.(但是这些电子设备会让我们暴露在一种被称为蓝光的光线下，这会对我们的睡眠产生负面影响)”可知，这里提到电子设备发出的蓝光对睡眠有不良影响，空格处应是引出电子设备的相关内容，而C项Lots of us are attached to our devices (设备).(我们很多人都对电子设备有依赖)符合此处语境，指出很多人依赖电子设备，从而引出下文电子设备对睡眠的影响，起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。Unit 1 Science Fiction Learning About Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
calculate v. _________________
chairwoman n. _________________
gramme n.克(重量单位)
flour n.面粉; (谷物磨成的)粉
venue n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
salesman n. _________________
alien n.外星人(生物); 外国人adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
blurred adj. _________________
superior adj.更好的;占优势的;( 在级别或重要性上)更高的
inaction n. _________________
labour n.劳动(者); 体力劳动vi.奋斗;努力工作
leather n.皮革
lever n.操纵杆;杆
panel n.控制板;仪表盘; 专家咨询组
inch n.英寸(长度单位，等于 2.54 厘米)
backwards adv. _________________
grip v. _________________
hazy adj. _________________
2. 重点短语
on a ...basis _________________
pros and cons 事物的利与弊;支持与反对
superior to _________________
take over 占上风;取而代之; 接管;接手
conflict with _________________
log in/on _________________
log off/out _________________
save the data 存储数据
shut down/off 关闭;关机
break down 系统瘫痪
artificial intelligence (AI) _________________
the information superhighway 信息高速公路
make a breakthrough _________________
Information Technology _________________
remote control 远程遥控
二、易错点讲解
过去分词
一、过去分词作定语
及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成; 不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动, 只表示完成。
(1)表示被动和完成
a polluted river一条被污染的河流
the watered flowers浇过水的花
(2)只表示完成, 不表示被动
fallen leaves落叶
the risen sun升起的太阳
二、过去分词作表语
位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后, 多表示主语的状态或状况, 它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She looks disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
We were encouraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语有着动宾关系, 宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
He watched the TV set carried out of the room.
他看着电视机被搬出了房间。
Last year they had the house rebuilt.
去年他们让人重建了房子。
几类能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语), 如see, watch, observe, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
I heard the song sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。
2. 表示“致、使”意义的动词, 如have, make, get, keep, leave等。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用了很简单的英语以使别人能听懂。
Don’t leave those things undone.
要把那些事情做完。
3. 表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词, 如like, want, wish, order等。
The teacher doesn’t wish such questions (to be) discussed in class.
老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
The police, finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned.
警察发现这部电影不健康, 令其禁演。
四、过去分词(短语)作状语
表示被动或完成的动作, 可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1. 作时间状语
过去分词作时间状语时, 相当于一个when, while, after, once等引导的时间状语从句。
Once published (=Once it is published), the dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版, 这本词典将大受欢迎。
2. 作原因状语
过去分词作原因状语时, 相当于一个as, since, because等引导的原因状语从句。
Absorbed in painting (=Because John was absorbed in painting), John didn’t notice evening approaching.
由于专心画画, 约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
3. 作条件状语
过去分词作条件状语时, 相当于一个if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour (=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.
如果再给我一个小时, 我也能把这道题算出来。
4. 作让步状语
过去分词作让步状语时, 相当于一个though, although, even if/though等引导的让步状语从句。
Beaten by the opposite team (=Though we were beaten by the opposite team), we didn’t lose heart and encouraged each other.
虽然被对方的队打败了, 但我们并没有灰心而是相互鼓励。
5. 作方式或伴随状语
过去分词作方式或伴随状语时, 可以转换成一个并列句。
The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl (=and he was supported by a girl).
在一位姑娘的搀扶下, 老人上了公共汽车。
三、基础练习
1.We will have our suitcases_________ (pack) up ahead of schedule.
2.The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already_________(lay) for a meal.
3.With the intention of achieving his academic goals, he________(commit) to his study ever since.
4.Ryan had raised some money, with which a well ______ (build) near a primary school.
5.In Australia, half of woodlands and forests ______ (destroy) by agriculture so far.
6.With his attention ______ (focus) on the computer game, he didn’t notice that his mother came home.
7.All his lifetime he produced a large number of works of calligraphy, but up to now ,the majority of his original works_____ (destroy) or lost.
8.Nobody is in the classroom because the students______ (interview) on the playground about the success.
9.The saleswoman (convince) to promote cigarettes when the manager entered the room.
10.Recently, there have been heated discussions about whether to cancel the ______(divide) of students between liberal arts and science.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
What will our world really be like 20 years from now What does the future hold for the food we eat, the technology we use and the homes we live in It would be beyond imagination--food pills, flying cars and bases on the moon--but the reality will probably be less exciting. The world in 2040 will probably be much like it is today, but smarter.
The future of food
The next major food change will be vertical farming (垂直农业) in which we grow food in AI-controlled vertical buildings rather than horizontal land. We could be eating insects in 2040. Insects are rich in proteins, low in fat and a good source of calcium.
The future of love
The Internet has forever changed the way people meet and fall in love. Online dating and location-based services have opened up possibilities that allow people to look beyond their friends, friends of friends, and co-workers.
The future of technology
We’re heading into a future where improved battery technology will make better electric cars, personal flying machines, and private space tourism possible.
The future of work
Rather than humans working with machines, robots are likely to reduce some jobs. Taxi drivers will be replaced by self-driving cars, for example. Clearly, there will also be new jobs created: the computer engineer, mechanics who fix the self-driving taxis, programmers, space tour guides and vertical farmers. Technology will continue to disturb businesses and get rid of some jobs, creating new professions we can’t yet imagine.
The future of health
Hospitals are the costliest part in the health system, Prevention will become the center of attention as we gain greater control of our health information.
11.What is the food in 2040 like
A.People will not eat pork or beef then.
B.Insects will become the main food then.
C.The food will mainly exist in the form of pills.
D.Part of the food will come from vertical farming.
12.What can we learn from Paragraph 5
A.New professions will appear. B.Boring jobs will be abandoned.
C.Most jobs will be done by robots. D.Humans will work with machines.
13.What will be the focus of health in the future
A.Hospital treatment. B.Health systems.
C.Prevention. D.Health information.
2.七选五
The Problem with Online Returns
Online shopping is booming: In 2020, Americans spent $813 billion online, a 42% increase over 2019. This year, experts expect that figure to top $1 trillion for the first time. But millions of those purchases will eventually get sent back. ①_______ Here’s what you need to know.
When shoppers can’t physically examine products before purchase, they’re more likely to buy clothes that don’t fit or items that don’t suit their needs. People return on average about 25% of what they buy online, compared with 8% of what they buy in stores. However, many items that get returned never go back on sale. ②_______ About 5 billion pounds of returned goods went to landfills each year, according to logistics(物流) company Optoro.
③_______ When you send a product back, companies already owe you a refund, and it would cost them even more to ship it to a sorting facility and have someone evaluate whether it can be sold again. At this stage, every person that touches that item is adding cost, but the company doesn’t earn any value.
Although it’s unlikely that returned items will be sold as new, some items get sent to discount stores. ④_______ Other unwanted items might be sent overseas—although many could still go to the garbage eventually.
In some cases, giant companies like Amazon and Target have begun telling customers to just keep their unwanted items rather than send them back. Third-party logistics businesses have also popped up to help clean up the return process. But that’s not enough on its own. ⑤_______ If we continue to shop without thinking about the environmental impacts of our decisions, we’ll ultimately have very unsustainable supply chains.
A.It sounds shocking, but it all boils down to cost.
B.The responsibility falls on us consumers as well.
C.Those returns can have a big environmental impact.
D.Things like electronics could get separated into parts.
E.That increase has accelerated rapidly during the pandemic.
F.Instead, they’re often thrown out, even if they’re still brand-new.
G.In response, France forbade the destruction of unsold consumer goods.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：packed
解析：“have sth. done” 是固定结构，表示 “让某事被做”，此处指提前把行李箱收拾好，“suitcases” 与 “pack” 是被动关系，所以用过去分词 “packed”。
2.答案：laid
解析：“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语” 结构，“dining table” 与 “lay”（此处意为 “摆放”）是被动关系，且动作已完成，所以用过去分词 “laid” 作宾语补足语，表示餐桌已经摆放好准备用餐了。
3.答案：has been committed
解析：根据时间状语 “ever since”（自从那时起）可知，句子要用现在完成时。“he” 与 “commit” 之间是被动关系，即 “他致力于学习” 是 “他被使致力于学习” 的意思，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为 “have/has been + 过去分词”，主语是 “he”，所以填 has been committed。
4.答案：was built
解析：这里考查被动语态。句子的主语 a well 和动词 build 之间是被动关系，即 “井被建造”，且根据前面的 had raised 可知，这里是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为 was/were + 过去分词，主语 a well 是单数，所以填 was built。
5.答案：have been destroyed
解析：根据时间状语 so far（到目前为止）可知，句子要用现在完成时，主语 half of woodlands and forests 和动词 destroy 之间是被动关系，即 “林地和森林被破坏”，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为 have/has been + 过去分词，主语是复数，所以填 have been destroyed。
6.答案：focused
解析：考查独立主格。句意：由于他的注意力都集中在电脑游戏上，他没有注意到他妈妈回来了。此处focus与attention构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填focused。
7.答案：have been destroyed
解析：句意为:他一生创作了大量的书法作品,但迄今为止,他的大部分原创作品已被损毁或遗失。but后为第二个并列分句,设空处为该分句的谓语;根据时间状语 up to now 可知,应用现在完成时;destroy与分句主语the majority of his original works之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;“the majority of +可数名词复数”作主语,意为“大多数……”,谓语动词用复数形式。故填 have been destroyed。
8.答案：are being interviewed
解析：考查时态、被动语态和主谓一致。句意:教室里没有人,因为学生们正在操场上接受关于成功的采访。分析句子结构可知,这是一个包含原因状语从句的主从复合句,设空处在状语从句中作谓语,且从句主语 the students(复数概念)和interview之间为被动关系,应使用被动语态;根据主句内容可知,从句谓语表示的动作(interview)当前正在发生,故应使用现在进行时,故填 are being interviewed。
9.答案： was being convinced
解析：考查时态语态。句意：售货员正被说服推销香烟，这时经理走进了房间。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when…，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为saleswoman，谓语用单数。故填was being convinced。
10.答案：division
解析：考查名词。根据空前的限定词 the与空后的of可知此空应该填名词,the division of ... between... and...在……与……之间分配……。句意:最近,关于是否取消学生文理分科的话题引起了激烈的讨论。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据小标题The future of food下的“The next major food change will be vertical farming (垂直农业) in which we grow food in AI-controlled vertical buildings rather than horizontal land. We could be eating insects in 2040.(下一个重大的食物变化将是垂直农业，我们在人工智能控制的垂直建筑而不是水平土地上种植食物)”可知，届时垂直农业将会提供一部分食物。故选D项。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据小标题The future of work下的“Clearly, there will also be new jobs created: the computer engineer, mechanics who fix the self-driving taxis, programmers, space tour guides and vertical farmers.(显然，还会创造出新的工作岗位：计算机工程师、修理自动驾驶出租车的机械师、程序员、太空导游和垂直农民)”可知，将来由于科学技术的发展，将有大量的新工种应运而生。故选A项。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据小标题The future of health下的“Hospitals are the costliest part in the health system, Prevention will become the center of attention as we gain greater control of our health information.(医院是卫生系统中最昂贵的部分，随着我们对健康信息的控制越来越大，预防将成为关注的中心)”可知，预防将成为人们关注的焦点。故选C项。
2.七选五
答案：CFADB
解析：①根据上文"But millions of those purchases will eventually get sent back."(但数百万美元的购买最终将被退回)及下文"Here's what you need to know."(这里你需要了解以下几点。)可知文章后面阐述退货存在的问题。因而空处为承上启下的作用,讲述退货产生的问题或影响。选项C. "这些退货可能会对环境产生重大影响。"切题,故选C.
②根据上文"However, many items that get returned never go back on sale."(然而,许多被退回的物品永远不会重新销售)和下文"About 5 billion pounds of returned goods went to landfills each year, according to logistics(物流) company Optoro"(根据物流公司Optoro的数据,每年约有50亿英镑的退货进入垃圾填埋场),我可知设空部分应该讲的是这些退回物品会如何处理。选项F. "相反,他们经常被扔掉,即使他们仍然是全新的。"符合题意,故选F。
③根据下文"When you send a product back, companies already owe you a refund, and it would cost them even more to ship it to a sorting facility and have someone evaluate whether it can be sold again."(当你退回一件产品时,公司已经欠你一笔退款,如果他们把产品运到分拣设施并让人评估是否可以再次销售,成本会更高。)可知,作为本段的主题句,设空部分应该讲述退货对商家所产生的成本问题。选项A. "这听起来令人震惊,但归根结底是成本问题。"切题,故选A.
④根据下文"Other unwanted items might be sent overseas—although many could still go to the garbage eventually."(其他不需要的物品可能会被送到海外一尽管许多物品最终仍然会被扔进垃圾桶.)提到了其它的返回的物品的可能的处理方式,可推知设空部分应该讲的是一些商品应该是如何处理的,D项"Things like electronics could get separated into parts."(像电子产品的这类东西可能会被拆分成零件),举例说明电子类产品的处理方式,符合题意,故选D。
⑤根据上文"Third-party logistics businesses have also popped up to help clean up the return process. But that's not enough on its own."(第三方物流企业也纷纷出现,以帮助清理退货流程。但这本身还不够。)以及下文"If we continue to shop without thinking about the environmental impacts of our decisions, we'll ultimately have very unsustainable supply chains."(如果我们继续购物,而不考虑我们的决定对环境的影响,我们最终将拥有不可持续发展的供应链。)提到了作为消费者,应该注意自己的消费对环境的影响以及要满足可持续发展,因而设空部分承接前文,应该讲述消费者要承担起这个责任。选项B. "责任也落在了我们消费者身上。"切题,故选B。Unit 1 Science Fiction Using Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
niece n.侄女;外甥女
fetch v. ________________
handkerchief n.手帕; 纸巾
lamp n.灯;台灯
pace n.速度;步伐;节奏v. ________________
division n. ________________
puff n.(烟、气等的)一缕; 少量; 喘息
urge n.强烈的欲望; 冲动v. ________________
random adj. ________________
maximum adj. ________________ n.最大量; 最大限度
explode v. ________________
flip v. ________________
mud n.泥; 泥浆
overstatement n.夸大;夸张
2. 重点短语
turn out ________________
fall away (逐渐)减少; 消失
have an urge to ________________
distribute. . .to/among… ________________…
limit…to… 把…限制在…内(其被动形式为 be limited to…)
without limit 无限制地
within limits 在规定范围内
set a limit on… ________________
There is a/no limit to… 是有/无限度的(to是介词)
二、易错点讲解
as if (=as though)
“仿佛,好像”,可用来引导表语从句和方式状语从句。
(1) 如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的, 从句要用陈述语气。
Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain.
看看天上的乌云!看起来好像要下雨。
(2) 当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极不可能发生或存在的情况时,从句要用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气 as if 从句谓语动词
与现在事实不符 过去式(be 动词用were)
与过去事实不符 had+过去分词
与将来事实不符 would/could/might/should+动词原形
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他谈起来好像对此全知道似的。(与现在事实不符)
He kept working as if nothing had happened.
他继续工作,好像什么都没有发生过。(与过去事实不符)
It looks as if it might rain.
天看上去好像要下雨。(与将来事实不符)
三、基础练习
1.People in the disaster-hit areas _________ (supply) with adequate food and medicine soon after the earthquake.
2.Anxious to make it to the school basketball team, Steve keeps his energy _________ (focus) on his training.
3.Kids in the Adventure Camp are expected to perform some _________ (challenge) tasks, including surviving with little food and water in the wild for days.
4.The speech about career planning ________ (give) in the school lecture hall last Friday.
5.________ (cover) with thick snow, the mountains look like a silver world.
6.The organizers failed to make the necessary _________ (arrange) for dealing with so many people.
7.Yang Shanzhou, who started to plant trees after his retirement in 1988, committed himself to ________(transform) the landscape of Daliang Mountain.
8.It is the first time that China and Brazil ________(tackle) the climate crisis together.
9.The meeting offers a platform for ________ (educate) and policymakers to share thoughts and seek solutions to common challenges.
10.Eliandro Libania, a Brazilian judo (柔道) black belt coach, has found a unique bond with Beijing, ________ he has lived for the past five years.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
Cristina Mittermeier, a pioneering (开创性的) photographer, cares about nature and wants to protect it. Her lens (镜头) inspires action and offers hope.
Mittermeier’s love for nature began early. This love led her to study marine (海洋的) biology, a field she focused on with the dream of studying whales at first. But soon she saw the damaging effects of industrial fishing, which caused a change in her career (职业). “What I wanted to do was try my best to call on the whole world to understand how easily the oceans can be destroyed.” she explained. Science, while necessary, felt not enough to influence a larger population. Photography became her chosen tool.
She has invented her work a form of “visual medicine”, balancing the seriousness of environmental problems with a call to action. Her ideas for helping nature are practical and include listening to what local people know and how they live with the environment.
Mittermeier’s latest book Hope shows her efforts in environmental protection. By working with people from all over the world to create the book, she turned it into a group effort instead of just her own. The book’s 130 photographs, covering twenty years, are displayed (展示) not by geography or species, but by themes that tell the story of life on our planet.
Through her work, Mittermeier continually attaches importance to the role of youth in reshaping the planet’s future, Visual storytelling, she argues, is likely to encourage young people to take action quickly — not through fear but by directing attention to finding means of solving problems and celebrating victories (胜利), however small.
Cristina Mittermeier’s life shows the great power of art with a purpose. Her lens catches not just what is but what could be, urging us all to act toward a future where people and nature can live peacefully.
11.What caused a change in Mittermeier’s career
A. Her interest in nature.
B. Her love for photography.
C. The power of science.
D. The alarming scene of industrial fishing.
12.Which of the following can best describe Mittermeier
A. Creative and inspiring B. Curious and independent.
C. Hardworking and calm. D. Energetic and humorous.
13.What can we learn about Hope
A. It focuses on present-day photos. B. It talks about the same species.
C. It is created through shared efforts. D. It is a story book for children.
14.What is the best title for the text
A. Cristina Mittermeier: Photography Inspires Action
B. Cristina Mittermeier: Dreams Come True
C. Environmental Protection: Ocean Has Artistic Beauty
D. Environmental Protection: Measures Come First
2.七选五
The aftermath (后果) of an earthquake can be horrible, but it is important that you are attentive and focused after an earthquake happens. Fires, gas leaks, and injuries are all dangers you might face after an earthquake. ①_____ By assessing the safety of your location and following the directions of local authorities, your chances of surviving the aftermath of an earthquake will be much higher.
Check yourself for injuries. ②____ If you’re bleeding, lift your injury up and put pressure on it. If your injury is serious, call for help using a cellphone or try to get rescuers’ attention.
③_____ Use a cellphone to call for help if you have one. If you can’t use a phone, try knocking loudly on something nearby until rescuers find you.
Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which follow the main shock of an earthquake. ④_____ So you should prepare to move to a safe location, like an open outdoor space or a structurally sound building.
Exit the building and go to a safer place once the shaking has stopped. The structure of the building you’re in may have been weakened by the main earthquake. ⑤_____
A. Signal for help if you are trapped.
B. They can cause significant damage.
C. Remain calm as the earthquake occurs.
D. The more prepared you are, the safer you’ll be.
E. Make sure you’re not seriously hurt before you do anything.
F. After the earthquake, you must get medical treatment in time.
G. Therefore, you should leave as soon as possible in case of any aftershocks.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：were supplied
解析：考查动词时态语态。句意：地震发生后不久，灾区人民就得到了充足的食品和药品。空处作谓语，people和supply为被动关系，需用被动语态，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，be动词用were。故填were supplied。
2.答案：focused
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进入校篮球队，史蒂夫把精力集中在训练上。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，his energy和focus为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填focused。
3.答案：challenging
解析：考查形容词。句意：探险营的孩子们需要完成一些具有挑战性的任务，包括在缺乏食物和水的情况下在野外生存数天。修饰名词tasks，需用形容词作定语，此处修饰的是物，需用-ing结尾的形容词challenging。故填challenging。
4.答案：was given
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：关于职业规划的演讲上周五在学校的报告厅举行。根据“last Friday”可知，是一般过去时，speech和give之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成是“was/were + 过去分词”，speech是单数，故填was given。
5.答案：Covered
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：被厚厚的雪覆盖着，这些山看起来像一个银色的世界。the mountains和cover之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词covered作状语，可置于句首。故填Covered。
6.答案：arrangements
解析：考查名词的复数。句意:组织者没能做好必要的安排来应付这么多人。necessary是形容词，修饰名词，arrange的名词是arrangement，意为“安排”，不止一个安排，要用复数形式，故填arrangements。
7.答案：transforming
解析：“commit oneself to” 中 “to” 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，此处表示致力于改变大凉山的面貌，所以填 “transforming”。
8.答案：have tackled
解析：“It is the first time that...” 句型中，that 从句常用现在完成时，主语是 “China and Brazil”，为复数，所以填 “have tackled”。
9.答案：educators
解析：根据 “and policymakers” 可知，此处需要与之并列的表示人的名词复数形式，“educate” 对应的表示人的名词是 “educator（教育工作者）”，其复数为 “educators”，表示为教育工作者和政策制定者提供一个平台，所以填 “educators”。
10.答案：where
解析：先行词是 “Beijing”，在后面的非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，意思是 “在北京，他已经生活了过去的五年”，所以用关系副词 “where” 引导定语从句，填 “where”。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But soon she saw the damaging effects of industrial fishing, which caused a change in her career.(但很快她就看到了工业化捕鱼的破坏性影响，这导致了她职业生涯的改变)”可知，是工业捕鱼的破坏性影响导致了Mittermeier职业的改变。故选D。
12.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Her lens (镜头) inspires action and offers hope.(她的镜头激发了行动，带来了希望。)”可知，Mittermeier的镜头能激发行动并带来希望，这表明她的作品具有启发性和鼓舞人心的特点。以及第三段中“She has invented her work a form of “visual medicine”, balancing the seriousness of environmental problems with a callto action. Her ideas for helping nature are practical and include listening to what local people know and how they live with the environment.(她发明了一种“视觉医学”形式的作品，在环境问题的严重性与呼吁行动之间取得平衡。她帮助自然的想法是实用的，包括倾听当地人的知识以及他们如何与环境共存。)”可知，此处描述了她发明了一种“视觉医学”的工作形式，通过这种形式的作品在环境问题的严重性与呼吁行动之间取得平衡，由此体现了她的创造性。因此，选项A“Creative and inspiring(有创造力和鼓舞人心的)”最能描述Mittermeier。故选A。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“By working with people from all over the world to create the book, she turned it into a group effort instead of just her own. (通过与来自世界各地的人合作创作这本书，她把它变成了一个团队的努力，而不仅仅是她自己。)”可知，Mittermeier通过与来自世界各地的人们合作创作《Hope》这本书，将它变成了一项集体努力的结果。因此，我们可以了解到《Hope》是通过共同努力创造出来的。故选C。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了摄影师Cristina Mittermeier如何通过她的镜头关注自然、记录环境现状，并通过她的作品激发人们对环境保护的行动和希望。因此，A选项“Cristina Mittermeier: Photography Inspires Action (Cristina Mittermeier：摄影激发行动)”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故选A。
2.七选五
答案：DEABG
解析：①推理判断题。根据下文By assessing the safety of your location and following the directions of local authorities, your chances of surviving the aftermath of an earthquake will be much higher.(通过评估您所在位置的安全性并遵循地方当局的指示,您在地震后幸存的几率将大大提高)可知,此处说明如果提前做准备,那么地震后幸存的几率会更高,D项“你准备得越充分,就越安全。”引出下文,符合题意。故选D。
②推理判断题。根据上文Check yourself for injuries.(检查自己是否受伤)可知,此处说明需要检查自己的身体状况,E项“在你做任何事情之前,确保你没有受到严重伤害。”进一步说明要先检查自己身体是否受伤,然后才能采取行动,符合题意。故选E。
③推理判断题。根据下文Use a cellphone to call for help if you have one. If you can't use a phone, try knocking loudly on something nearby until rescuers find you.(如果你有手机,请用手机打电话求救。如果你不能使用电话,试着大声敲打附近的东西,直到救援人员找到你)可知,此处说明要采取方式发出求救信号,A项“如果你被困,发出求救信号。”引出下文,符合题意。故选A。
④推理判断题。根据上文Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which follow the main shock of an earthquake.(余震是继主震之后发生的较小地震)可知,此处说明地震之后还可能发生余震,B项中They指代上文中的余震,B项“它们可能会造成重大损害。”说明余震的危害性,承接上文,符合题意。故选B。
⑤推理判断题。根据上文The structure of the building you're in may have been weakened by the main earthquake.(你所在的大楼的结构可能已经被主震削弱了)可知,此处说明地震后大楼变得不安全,G项“因此,你应该尽可能快地离开以防有任何余震发生。”说明应该采取的正确方式,符合题意。故选G。
