Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 1 To Clone or Not to Clone—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 生物学 ____________
v. 推断，推定 ____________
v. 克隆，使无性繁殖 ____________
adv. 人为地，虚假地 ____________
adj. 完全相同的，非常相似的 ____________
adj. 繁殖的，生殖的 ____________
n. 诊疗，治疗，疗法；对待方式 ____________
adj. 很有可能，肯定会 ____________
v. 滥用，妄用；虐待 ____________
v. 包含，容纳 ____________
n. 病毒 ____________
n. 变化物，变体；差异，变动 ____________
二、重点短语
突破技术壁垒 ________________________
患上一种疾病 ________________________
精准复制 ________________________
一个主要问题 ________________________
与……相比 ________________________
全身心地投入到 ________________________
延缓衰老 ________________________
有可能做某事 ________________________
引起争议 ________________________
激发强烈的情绪 ________________________
对……至关重要 ________________________
引发道德担忧 ________________________
注定会 ________________________
被看做 ________________________
滥用技术 ________________________
满足研究需求 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. They were the first-ever primates...to have been cloned!
它们是有史以来首次被克隆的灵长类动物……！
不定式短语 to have been cloned 作后置定语，修饰 the first-ever primates，名词与不定式之间是被动关系，动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态前，用不定式完成被动式。
1 动词不定式作定语 当被修饰词前有序数词(first，second 等)、最高级或 the next，the only，the very 等修饰时，常用不定式作定语。
The journalist was the first person to get to the scene where the accident happened.
那位记者是第一个到达事故现场的人。
He is the only one to get a bachelor's degree in his family.
他是家中唯一取得学士学位的人。
She was the first woman to be appointed to the board.
她是第一位被任命进入董事会的女性。
2. Researchers insist that the science of cloning should be further explored and advanced.
研究人员主张，克隆科学应进一步得到探索与发展。
本句是一个复合句，insist后接了that引导的宾语从句。
insist后的宾语从句
(1)insist 后接 that 从句，表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语 气，即从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。
(2)insist 表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气。
Our English teacher insists that we should speak English in and out of class.
英语老师坚持要我们在课堂内外都讲英语。
The scholar insisted that this graduation paper was partly based on one in a magazine and that the student(should)write it a second time.
这位学者坚持认为，这篇毕业论文部分是基于一本杂志上的一篇文章，坚决要求该学生应该再写一遍。
后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“(should +)动词原形”的动词：
一个“坚持”(insist)；
两道“命令”(order，command)；
四条“建议”(suggest，propose，advise，recommend)；
四点“要求”(demand，desire，request，require)。
It is recommended that we should be retrained to keep up with the times.
有人建议我们应该接受再次培训，以跟上时代的步伐。
It is required that students(should)do some exercise for at least an hour every day.
要求学生们每天至少锻炼一个小时。
3. How it is used，whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind，depends on mankind and not on the instrument.
怎样使用它，究竟是给人类带来幸福还是带来灾难，完全取决于人类自己，而不取决于工具。
本句是一个复合句。how it is used，whether it is a blessing or a curse to mankind均为主语从句。
whether...or... 不管……还是……
Whether you are a farmer or a specialist，you both should obey the rules.
无论你是农民还是专家，你都应该遵守规则。
Whether they’ll have a picnic or not depends on the weather.
他们是否去野餐要看天气。
(1)whether...or...“不管……还是……”，引导让步状语从句，强调任意选择，此时不能把whether 替换为if。
(2)whether...or not... 或whether or not... 表示两种相对的选择。
Let me know whether or not you can come.
让我知道你是否能来。
Whether the professor will come or not is not decided.
教授是否来，还没定下来。
四、基础练习
1.You are bound _____ (pass) the exam if you study hard.
2.We have confidence in the _____ (accurate) of the statistics, so you can use the data.
3.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _____(leave) when he arrived at the party.
4.The two people are only days apart in age, but they seem to belong to _____ (whole) different generations.
5.In the last few years thousands of films _________(produce) all over the world.
6.Mr. Black is so glad, for his son _____ (win) first prize in the English Speech Competition.
7.It was the first time that the children______ (see) such a big watermelon.
8.The scientists are able to make an accurate______ (calculate) about when the spaceship will reach the moon.
9.There was a knock on the door. It was the second time someone______ (interrupt) me that night.
10.A good coach always stays calm in a game because anger can lead to______ (make) wrong strategies.
五、拓展练习
Beth Shapiro will lead the scientific efforts to resurrect (使复活) the dodo at Colossal Biosciences, founded by tech entrepreneur Ben Lamm. Scientists hope to recover the dodo if they gather enough DNA to create a clone to implant in the eggs of closely related modern pigeons.
Dodo, an odd-looking flightless bird lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean until the late 17th century. The arrival of sailors brought with them invasive species like rats and practices like hunting. They doomed the dodo, which showed no fear of humans, to extinction in the space of just a few decades.
Now, a team of scientists wants to bring back the dodo. Shapiro said that she had already completed a key first step in the project based on genetic material taken out from dodo remains in Denmark. The next step was to compare the genetic information with the dodo's closest bird relatives in the pigeon family.
The following work that's needed to resurrect the animal-programming cells from a living relative of the dodo with the lost bird's DNA—will be significantly more difficult. Shapiro said she hopes to adapt an existing technique that has already been used to create a chicken fathered by a duck.
However, Shapiro said that perfecting these synthetic (合成的) biology tools will have wider implications for bird conservation. The techniques could allow scientists to move specific genetic traits between bird species to help protect them as habitats shrink and the climate warms. Shapiro thought the technology which works in chickens would be amazing to get this to work in lots of different birds across the bird tree of life because that will be hugely impactful for bird conservation.
Whether or not Colossal and its team of scientists are ultimately successful in their quest to bring back the dodo and the technological breakthroughs they may generate, they have investors excited. Colossal also announced that it has raised an additional $150 million, bringing the total amount of funding raised since the company launched in 2021 to $225 million.
11.What does the underlined word "doomed" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Destroyed. B. Rescued. C. Hunted. D. Fed.
12.Which is the most challenging in resurrecting the dodo
A. Taking out genetic material from dodo remains.
B. Comparing genetic information with the dodo's relatives.
C. Programming its living relative's cells with dodo's DNA.
D. Adapting an existing technique to create a chicken.
13.What can we learn from the passage
A. Scientists can change a duck into a chicken.
B. Synthetie biology tools will shrink bird habitats.
C. Protection of birds will benefit from the technology.
D. The project will bring back the dodo soon.
14.Why are the numbers mentioned in the last paragraph
A. To show the project is promising.
B. To evidence the technology is predictable.
C. To imply the funding is insufficient.
D. To prove the breakthrough is admirable.
15.Kids are begging parents for cell phones at younger and younger ages, leaving families with tough choices to make. It might take some time to teach kids how to use phones as tools, not toys. Here are a few ways to get the message across.
Tell them not to use phones at school. Phones can be a distraction(干扰) from learning when used in the classroom. ①_______In fact, 43% of teens admit that they often or sometimes use their phones as a way to avoid face-to-face communication with others.
Encourage them to contact long-distance relatives. ②_______ They're also for keeping in touch with people who you may not get to talk to as often. If you have families who live in another city or state, ask your kids to strike up a conversation.
Lead by example. Setting an example is not only about how you use your phone, but also about how much you use it. When you feel bored and expect to glance over social media, fight it by taking a short walk. ③________
Advise them not to use phones at the dinner table. For many families, the only time they truly get together is breaking bread at the end of a long day. ④________ Asking your children to leave their phones far from the dinner table is a great way to solve the problem.
⑤______ Sometimes, kids need a little push in order to make better choices about their phones. If they're struggling with healthy habits, put some real-world events on the calendar. Good options include going to an amusement park, working together on a craft project or signing your kids up for sports.
A. Plan other forms of entertainment.
B. Prepare a dinner together with your children.
C. Screen time before bed reduces sleep quality.
D. They can also prevent students from connecting with one another.
E. So it is wise of parents to stress the importance of parent child time.
F. Also, instead of reading a headline, why not pull out a book to read
G. Phones aren't just for texting the best friend who lives two blocks away.
答案以及解析
1.答案：to pass
解析：考查不定式。句意:如果你努力学习的话,你一定会通过考试的。be bound to do sth.一定会做某事,故填to pass。
2.答案：accuracy
解析：考查名词。句意:我们相信统计数据的准确性,因此你可以使用这些数据。设空处作宾语,根据空前的冠词the和空后的介词of可知,此处应用名词,故填accuracy。
3.答案：had left
解析：考查动词的时态。句意:汤姆很失望,因为当他到达宴会时,大多数客人已经走了。由语境可知,leave这个动作发生在arrived之前,“到达”是过去的动作,此处表示“过去的过去”,应该用过去完成时,故填had left。
4.答案：wholly
解析：考查副词。句意:这两个人年龄上只有几天之差,但他们好像属于完全不同年代的人。设空处修饰形容词different,所以应用副词 wholly。
5.答案：have been produced
解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,世界各地制作了成千上万部电影。films与produce之间是被动关系,又根据时间状语In the last few years 可知,句子应该用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为films,是复数名词,谓语动词应用复数,故填have been produced。
6.答案：has won
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:布莱克先生很高兴,因为他的儿子在英语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。根据is和语境可知,是到现在为止已完成的事,应用现在完成时,主语是his son,为单数意义,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填has won。
7.答案：had seen
解析：句意为: 这是孩子们第一次看到这么大的西瓜。此处考查 this/that/it was the first time that sb had done sth 固定句型, 主句用一般过去时, 从句应用过去完成时。故填 had seen。
8.答案：calculation
解析：句意为:科学家们能准确地计算出航天飞船将于何时到达月球。设空处作宾语, 且根据空前的不定冠词 an 可知,此处应用 calculate 的名词形式,故填 calculation。
9.答案：had interrupted
解析：句意为: 有敲门声, 这已经是那天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。此处为 it is/was the first/second/... time (that) sb has/had done sth 句式,主句用一般过去时, 从句应用过去完成时。故填 had interrupted。
10.答案：making
解析：句意为: 一位优秀的教练在比赛中总是保持冷静,因为愤怒会导致制订出错误的策略。lead to 意为 “导致”, to 为介词,后接动名词形式。故填 making。
11.答案： A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上一句 The arrival of sailors brought with them invasive species like rats and practices like hunting. 可知,水手的到来带来了老鼠等入侵物种以及狩猎等活动; 再根据画线词后 which showed no fear of humans, to extinction in the space of just a few decades 可知,老鼠等外来物种的入侵以及人们的狩猎活动造成了渡渡岛的灭绝。 destroy 意为 “毁灭”, 符合语境。故选 A 项。
12.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的 The following work that's needed to resurrect the animal-programming cells from a living relative of the dodo with the lost bird's DNA — will be significantly more difficult. 可知,复活渡渡鸟最困难的一个步骤就是对渡渡鸟活着的近亲的细胞进行编译, 使其拥有渡渡鸟的 DNA。故选 C 项。
13.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 Shapiro thought the technology which works in chickens would be amazing to get this to work in lots of different birds across the bird tree of life because that will be hugely impactful for bird conservation. 可知,这项技术将会对鸟类保护产生巨大影响。故选 C 项。
14.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。最后一段第一句指出, Colossal Biosciences 复活渡渡鸟的工作令投资者感到兴奋,接着 Colossal also announced that it has raised an additional $150 million, bringing the total amount of funding raised since the company launched in 2021 to $225 million. 中的 an additional $150 million 表明该公司为这项工作又筹集到大量的资金, 其中 $225 million 为融资总数, 数额巨大。由此可知,本段中提到的具体数字都是为了说明让渡渡鸟复活这一项目是极有发展前景的。故选 A 项。
15.答案：①-⑤DGFBA
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在的孩子向父母要手机的年纪越来越小，这给家庭造成了不小的困扰，所以本文介绍了几种将手机当成工具而不是玩具的方法。
①根据空处上句"Phones can be a distraction(干扰) from learning when used in the classroom.(在教室里使用手机会分散学生的学习注意力)"可知，此处是在介绍手机对于学生的不良影响，D选项"They can also prevent students from connecting with one another.(它们还可以阻止学生之间的联系)"与上文话题一致，且选项的they指代的就是上句的Phones。故选D。
②根据空处下句"They're also for keeping in touch with people who you may not get to talk to as often.(它们也可以用来和那些你可能不经常联系的人保持联系)"可知，此处是在讲手机可以用来联系别人，G选项"Phones aren't just for texting the best friend who lives two blocks away.(手机不仅仅是用来给住在两个街区之外的最好的朋友发短信的)"与上文话题一致，且是递进关系，下句中的they指代的是G选项的Phones。故选G。
③根据空处上句"When you feel bored and expect to glance over social media, fight it by taking a short walk.(当你感到无聊，想要浏览社交媒体时，去散散步吧)"可知，此处是在介绍我们要少玩手机，多做别的事情来充实生活。F选项"Also, instead of reading a headline, why not pull out a book to read (此外，与其读手机里的头条新闻，为什么不拿出一本书来读呢？)"符合语境。故选F。
④根据空处上句"For many families, the only time they truly get together is breaking bread at tbe end of a long day. (对于许多家庭来说，他们唯一真正团聚的时间是在漫长的一天结束后一起吃饭)"可知，此处是在讲和家人共进晚餐，B选项"Prepare a dinner together with your children.(和你的孩子一起准备一顿晚餐)"符合语境，选项中的dinner呼应上文breaking bread。故选B。
⑤根据文章最后一句"Good options include going to an amusement park, working together on a craft project or signing your kids up for sports.(不错的选择就包括去游乐园，一起做手工项目或让孩子参加运动)"并结合本段内容可知，本段主要是在讲督促孩子多去做些别的项目和活动，代替玩手机。A选项"Plan other forms of entertainment.(计划其他形式的娱乐)"作为本段小标题最合适。故选A。Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 Brain Power—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 因素，要素 ____________
v. 将……分类；把……归为一类 ____________
adj. 分布广的，广泛流传的 ____________
n. 样本，样品 ____________
adj. 看得见的 ____________
n. 试验；审判，审理 ____________
adj. 系统化的，有条理的 ____________
n. (文章的)段，段落 ____________
v. 不同，不一样；有异意 ____________
adv. 象征地；象征性地 ____________
n. (犯罪) 嫌疑人，可疑分子 ____________
n. 天文学家 ____________
二、重点短语
由……组成 ________________________
和……有关 ________________________
垃圾食品 ________________________
是否 ________________________
对……负责 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. Puzzles and games are good for us to keep our brain active.
谜题和游戏对我们保持大脑活跃有好处。
“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
（1）keep+sb./ sth.+形容词/副词
（2）keep+sb./ sth.+介词短语
（3）keep+sb./ sth.+现在分词（表示动作的持续）
（4）keep+sb./ sth.+过去分词（表示被动或状态）
We should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
利用自然资源的同时，我们应该使地球保持健康。
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
闭上你的嘴，睁开你的眼睛。
He always kept his dog in the house when he was away on business.
当他出差时，他总是将狗关在房子里。
2. One thing you can do is to cut down on junk food.
你可以做的一件事是减少垃圾食品。
be to do 结构
该结构的具体用法归纳如下：
（1）“be to do”结构表示计划或安排中约定的或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
（2）be to do常见于各种媒体用语中，用以宣布官方计划和决定。
（3）当主语是plan/ way/ purpose/ aim/ goal/ task等名词时，“be to do”结构是系表结构，be是系动词，to do作表语，说明主语的内容。
（4）若be to do结构中的do与其逻辑主语之间构成动宾关系，不定式要用被动形式，即be to be done。
The prime minister of this country is to visit China next month.
这个国家的首相将于下个月访问中国。
I think every business's goal is to make a profit.
我认为每个公司的目的都是获得利润。
His first book, which is adapted from a true story, is to be published next month.
他的第一本书将在下个月出版，这本书是根据一个真实的故事改编的。
四、基础练习
1.Most of the people _____ (invite) to the conference are my old friends.
2.The importance of the town is due to its geographical _____(locate).
3.We are determined to create an even______ (good) system.
4.It is the third time that he______ (visit) our beautiful city Harbin.
5.A large number of supplies______ (send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
6.In the last few years, China______ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
7.A medical team______ (consist) of five doctors and two nurses set off for the earthquake-stricken area.
8.Humour has unique power. It brings people together. It reduces the pain______ (connect) with life's difficulties.
9.Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Peking Opera, ______ (call) "Dan".
10.The people who are known as net worms are those______ are addicted to the Internet.
五、拓展练习
My dog, Harvey, is always looking for something to do. He loves to fetch the ball, run after birds' shadows and bite bones. If none of those are available, he'll find something else to do. He'll chew our shoes, dig holes in the garden or take toilet paper off the roll. This is the reason why we gave him a middle name: Danger.
Harvey Danger is a metaphor (暗喻) for my mind. He is like an active and creative mind. My experience with having a creative mind is that if I don't give it a task, something will turn on itself.
To be frank, several years ago, I didn't think I was creative. I was just an ordinary human sticking to my daily routine. But things changed when I came across an article written by Brené Brown. She put forward a theory I had never heard of. "There're no such beings as creative people or non-creative people. There're only people who use their creativity and people who don't," Brown wrote. "Unused creativity is not benign. It can transform and turn into anger, sorrow, shame and depression."
I have a mind that is all of those things combined and, if it doesn't have anything to take its attention, it will go searching for things. It tends to do negative things or find things like worries or troubles to focus on. That doesn't mean that those with creative minds need to be busily thinking all the time. What it means is that our minds need a task. It's about releasing our creative energy to keep our minds healthy.
Before I throw a ball to Harvey—because it's not only good for both of us, but also good for the garden that I don't want dug up—I'll leave you with Brown's wisdom. Just give the dog a job, and you'll have a happier life.
11.Why was the author's dog given a middle name Danger
A. It warned people against possible dog bites.
B. He was born with an active and creative mind.
C. He would put things in a mess when free.
D. It showed the author's creativity.
12.What changed the author's understanding of creativity
A. His dog's positive behaviour.
B. An article about daily routine.
C. Brené Brown's theory about creativity.
D. His strong desire to fight negative feelings.
13.What does the underlined word "benign" in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Attractive. B. Abnormal. C. Common. D. Harmless.
14.What is the text mainly about
A. Training dogs to help with housework.
B. Staying creative to add to our happiness.
C. Avoiding leaving a dog alone in the garden.
D. Keeping a creative mind healthy with tasks.
15.The three years of high school can produce some of the most memorable moments of your life. To get the most out of your high school experience, it's important to focus on your studies and spend time exploring your hobbies and friendships. ①_______
Open yourself up to new experiences. High school is a great time to try new things. ②_______ For example, you can try out for a sports team, join a band, or even just sit with new people at lunch. That will help you discover new hobbies and make new friends.
Ask for help if you're struggling academically, socially, or emotionally.③________ If you're worried about a bad grade, or are feeling a bit down, share it with them, and they will be willing to help you.
Get to know the members in your class.④_______ Actually, making friends with a few of them will give you a great support network throughout the school year. If you don't know them, introduce yourself and hold a conversation with them. If you do already know them, ask them some questions about their hobbies so that you can get to know them a little better.
⑤______ Your notes will help you with your homework and study for tests. Besides, it will also help you review what you learnt in class. You can create an outline of the main points of the lecture, and take notes directly on them.
A. Develop a good learning habit.
B. Write down what you learn skillfully.
C. They are the people you will see every day.
D. Don't just stay in your comfort zone but get out.
E. The following suggestions are likely to help you.
F. Your parents, teachers and classmates are always there to help you.
G. Therefore, you should learn to keep the right balance between them.
答案以及解析
1.答案：invited
解析：考查过去分词。句意:大多数被邀请参加会议的人都是我的老朋友。分析句子可知设空处作后置定语,the people与invite之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词作定语。故填invited。
2.答案：location
解析：考查名词。句意:这座城镇的重要性在于它的地理位置。设空处作due to的宾语,根据空前的its 和形容词geographical可知此处应用名词形式,故填location。
3.答案：better
解析：句意为: 我们决定去创造一个更好的系统。much/ even/still/a bit/a little 等词之后常接比较级。故填 better。
4.答案：has visited
解析：句意为: 这是他第三次参观我们美丽的城市哈尔滨。在“it is the... time+ that 从句”句型中,主句使用一般现在时, 从句应使用现在完成时, 从句主语是 he。故填 has visited。
5.答案：have been sent
解析：句意为: 到目前为止, 已有许多物资被送往发生地震的国家。时间状语 so far 常和现在完成时连用;句子主语 A large number of supplies 和 send 之间为被动关系,因此用现在完成时的被动语态; “a large number of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式; send 是不规则变化动词,过去分词为 sent。故填 have been sent 。
6.答案：has made
解析：句意为:在过去的几年里,中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语 In the last few years 可知,应用现在完成时, 又因主语 China 是第三人称单数, 谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has made。
7.答案：consisting
解析：句意为:一支由五名医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发前往地震灾区。主语 A medical team 与 consist of 之间是逻辑上的主动关系,所以设空处须用现在分词作后置定语。故填 consisting。
8.答案：connected
解析：句意为: 幽默有独特的力量, 它使人们团结起来,减少了与生活中的困难有关的痛苦。 A is connected with B 为固定短语, 意为 “ A 与 B 相关”。此处 connected 与其后的介词短语搭配作后置定语,修饰 the pain。故填 connected。
9.答案：called
解析：句意为:梅兰芳擅长扮演京剧中被称为 “旦”的女性角色。被修饰词 the role of women 和 call 之间为逻辑上的被动关系, 故用过去分词 called 作后置定语。
10.答案：who
解析：句意为:那些沉迷于网络的人被称为 “网虫”。此处定语从句中缺主语, 先行词为 those, 指人, 关系词应用 who。故填 who。
11.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 If none of those are available, he'll find something else to do. He'll chew our shoes, dig holes in the garden or take toilet paper off the roll. This is the reason why we gave him a middle name: Danger. 可知, 作者给狗取名 “危险” 的原因是, 它没事的时候会将东西弄得一团糟。故选 C 项。
12.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 To be frank, several years ago, I didn't think I was creative. I was just an ordinary human sticking to my daily routine. But things changed when I came across an article written by Brené Brown. 可知,布琳·布朗关于创造力的理论改变了作者对创造力的理解。故选 C 项。
13.答案： D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的内容 It can transform and turn into anger, sorrow, shame and depression. 可知,后文说到未使用的创造力可以转变为一些消极情绪,故此处指“未使用的创造力并不是无害的”, benign 与 harmless(无害的) 同义。故选 D 项。
14.答案： D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容, 尤其是倒数第二段中的 What it means is that our minds need a task. It's about releasing our creative energy to keep our minds healthy. 可知, 作者讲述了自己的狗总是在找事情做, 并认为我们需要向它学习, 不断找事情做,通过释放创造力来保持我们的头脑健康, 故文章主要讲述的是通过做任务来保持创造性思维的健康发展。故选 D 项。
15.答案：①-⑤ EDFCB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以使高中生在高中时期能快乐学习和生活的建议。
①根据前句"To get the most out of your high school experience, it's important to focus on your studies and spend time exploring your hobbies and friendships.(为了充分利用你的高中经历，把注意力集中在学习上，花时间探索你的爱好和友谊是很重要的。)"及下文可知，这里为承上启下句，即为体验高中经历提供一些建议。所以选择项E"The following suggestions are likely to help you.(下面的建议可能对你有帮助。)"符合上下文语境。故选E。
②根据前句"High school is a great time to try new things. (高中是尝试新事物的好时光。)"和后句"For example, you can try out for a sports team, join a band, or even just sit with new people at lunch.(例如，你可以尝试加入一个运动队，加入一个乐队，甚至只是和陌生人一起吃午饭。)"可知，高中要敢于尝试，走出自己的舒适区。所以选择项D"Don't just stay in your comfort zone but get out. (不要只是待在你的舒适区，要走出去。)"符合上下文语境。故选D。
③根据前句"Ask for help if you're struggling academically, socially, or emotionally. (如果你在学业、社交或情感上有困难，可以寻求帮助。)"和后句"If you're worried about a bad grade, or are feeling a bit down, share it with them, and they will be willing to help you.(如果你担心成绩不好，或者感觉有点沮丧，和他们分享，他们会愿意帮助你的。)"可知，有困难要向父母、老师和同学寻求帮助。所以选择项F"Your parents, teachers and classmates are always there to help you. (你的父母，老师和同学总是在那里帮助你。)"符合上下文语境。后句中的they指代选择项中的Your parents, teachers and classmates。故选F。
④根据前句"Get to know the members in your class. (了解你班上的同学。)"可知，要了解你班上的同学，因为班级同学是你在学校每天都见到的人。所以选择项C"They are the people you will see every day.(他们是你每天都会见到的人。)"符合语境。故选C。
⑤根据后文"Your notes will help you with your homework and study for tests. Besides, it will also help you review what you learnt in class. You can create an outline of the main points of the lecture, and take notes directly on them. (你的笔记可以帮助你完成家庭作业和准备考试。此外，它还可以帮助你复习课堂上所学的内容。你可以为演讲的要点写一个大纲，并直接在上面做笔记。)"可知，本段后面的内容都是围绕做笔记具体展开的，即把你学到的东西写下来。所以选择项B"Write down what you learn skillfully. (熟练地把你学到的东西写下来。)"符合上下文语境。故选B。Unit 9 Human Biology Writing Workshop—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
adj. 彻底的，全面的，详尽的 ____________
adj. 稀有的，罕见的，不常发生的 ____________
adj. 令人沮丧的，让人忧愁的 ____________
v. 估计，估算 ____________
v. 造成，引起，产生(问题、危险、困难等) ____________
adj. 实际的，真实的 ____________
n. 地球，世界；地球仪 ____________
adj. 相应的；对应的 ____________
v. 确定，发现；认出，识别 ____________
n. 现象 ____________
n. (袭击事件、抢劫事件或凶杀案的)受害者 ____________
n. (战争或疾病)爆发，突然发生 ____________
二、重点短语
最严重的传染病 ________________________
夺取超过100个生命 ________________________
某个观点突然产生 ________________________
找到有效的疗法 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. Globally，researchers are coming together to try to identify the causes for and help to find effective treatments for epidemics.
在全球范围内，研究人员正聚集在一起，试图找出流行病的原因，并帮助（人们）找到有效的治疗方法。
identify vt. 确定，发现；认出，识别
You should not identify wealth with happiness.
你不应该认为财富就等于幸福。
Could you identify your suitcase among so many ones
你能在这么多的手提箱中认出你的手提箱吗？
identity n. 身份
identical adj. 一致的
The old woman wrapped her identity card in her handkerchief.
老太太用手帕把她的身份证包起来。
2. It has developed a unique combination of treatments related to helping well-being and the prevention and treatment of diseases.
它开发了一种与康复和疾病的预防和治疗有关的独特的治疗组合。
(be) related to 与……有关系/ 关联
It is beyond disbelief that your disease is related to your unhealthy diet.
毫无疑问，你的病跟你不健康的饮食有关。
He suffers with memory loss related to his disease.
他因病丧失了记忆。
relate to 涉及；与……相关
relate A to B 把 A 与 B 联系起来
The speech related to AI，which attracted a lot of young people.
这演讲与人工智能有关，吸引了许多年轻人。
It is difficult to relate these results to any known cause.
很难把这些结果与任何已知的原因联系起来。
Researchers are trying to relate the symptom to taking cocaine.
研究人员正试图将这种症状与服用可卡因联系起来。
3. ...it had belonged to a 70-year-old man...
……它属于一名70岁的老人……
belong to 属于；是……的成员
I belong to the swimming club.
我是这个游泳俱乐部的成员。
As is known to all，success belongs to those who work hard.
众所周知，成功属于那些努力工作的人。
belong to 既不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。注意：用现在分词作定语（belonging to）和不用于进行时态（is belonging to）并不矛盾，不要混淆。
这辆自行车是我的。
This bicycle belongs to me.（√）
This bicycle is belonged to me.（×）
This bicycle is belonging to me.（×）
四、基础练习
1.By the time John left the city, he _____(use) up all his savings.
2.Early _____ (identify) of a disease can prevent deaths effectively.
3.It was a simple enough gesture, but _____(symbolic) important.
4.He comes home late every evening, _____(make) his wife very angry.
5.My own problems seem insignificant, _____(compare) with other people's.
6.The object of these experiments was to find the connection between the two _______(phenomenon).
7.You should decide on the best choice and mark the _____(correspond) letter on the answer sheet.
8.Due to the______ (effect) measures, the number of Tibetan antelopes is on the rise.
9.The government worked out a new regulation ______ (aim) at reducing road accidents.
10.Chinese medicine has some certain effects on the ______ (prevent) and control of the disease.
五、拓展练习
Much information can be conveyed, purely through our eyes, so the expression "eyes also talk" is often heard.
Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger, but not make eye contact. If he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.
It is the same in daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry about other's staring at you that way. Eyes do convey information, right
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.
However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive.
If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to control you, you will feel uneasy. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.
In fact, continuous eye contact happens between lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show love that words cannot express.
Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.
11.What may a person usually do on a bus
A. Glance at a stranger with eye contact.
B. Use eyes to talk to a stranger politely.
C. Glance at a stranger without eye contact.
D. Talk to a stranger politely after a quick glance.
12.Why is a poor liar easy to be seen through
A. He thinks that he is honest.
B. He wants to control the victim.
C. He feels uneasy about others' eye contact.
D. He looks straight at the victim for too long a time.
13.What does it mean if a man looks at a woman for over 10 seconds
A. He likes her eyes. B. He admires her.
C. He knows her well. D. He makes contact with her.
14.What's the best title of the passage
A. Eyes Can Also "Talk"
B. How to Make Eye Contact
C. Different Ways of Expressing Thoughts
D. The Importance of Body Language
15.Seasonal affective disorder(SAD) is a type of depression that sets in or starts in the winter months. ①________. It is often a cyclical, recurring disorder. You'll feel depression every winter and begin to feel better each spring.
SAD depression is caused by lowered levels of serotonin(血清素), the mood-affecting brain chemical that is caused by seasonal changes in daylight. Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit. ②________. In your home or office, try sitting close to a window that faces south. Replacing light bulbs(电灯泡)in your home with full spectrum light bulbs can help because their light is similar to sunlight.
③________. Exercise raises levels of serotonin and also increases levels of endorphins, which have been shown to fight depression. Moderate exercise such as walking, riding a stationary bike, or swimming is a great way to get started.
Vitamin D is necessary for the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine(chemicals associated with depression), so researchers concluded that a link between low vitamin D levels and depression was logical. Scientists recommend one to take vitamin D 2,000 IU daily, ④______.
Year-end panic refers to the self-reproach(自责) and overall feeling of panic brought about by the approach of the year's end, often due to a poor financial year and pressure from work and family. ⑤________. While regretting for the failed plans in the past year, you can still make resolution to do it better in the coming year.
A. Eating more fish can fight SAD
B. If the weather permits, take a walk
C. where days can be very short in winter
D. but suggest taking more if you get little exposure to the sun
E. Experts suggest that we should avoid competition with others
F. Unlike other types of depression, it may improve as spring comes on
G. Studies have shown that upping your exercise routine can resist SAD
答案以及解析
1.答案：had used
解析：考查时态。句意:到约翰离开这个城市时,他已经花光了所有的积蓄。根据前面的时间状语从句By the time John left the city 可知要用过去完成时,故填had used。
2.答案：identification
解析：考查名词。句意:疾病的早期确认可以有效地避免死亡。分析句子可知设空处作主语,由空前的形容词Early和空后的介词of可知此处应用名词,故填identification。
3.答案：symbolically
解析：考查副词。句意:这虽是个再简单不过的手势,却有着重要的象征意义。设空处修饰形容词important,所以应用副词,故填symbolically。
4.答案：making
解析：考查现在分词。句意:他每天晚上都很晚回家,这使他的妻子很生气。分析句子可知此处应用现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
5.答案：compared
解析：考查过去分词。句意:与别人的问题相比,我自己的问题似乎微不足道。分析句子可知设空处作状语,compared with...意为“与……相比”,故填compared。
6.答案：phenomena
解析：考查名词复数。句意:这些实验的目的是发现这两种现象之间的联系。根据空前的two可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。phenomenon的复数形式为phenomena。
7.答案：corresponding
解析：考查形容词。句意:你应该选出最佳答案,并在答题卡上标出对应的字母。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的名词letter可知设空处应用形容词作定语,故填corresponding。
8.答案：effective
解析：句意为: 由于采取了有效的措施, 藏羚羊的数量呈上升趋势。设空处修饰后面的名词 measures, 应用形容词作定语, 根据语境可知应填 effective,意为“有效的”。
9.答案：aimed
解析：句意为: 政府制定了一条旨在减少道路事故的新法规。be aimed at 为固定短语, 意为 “旨在; 目的是”, 此处 ______ at... 作后置定语。故填 aimed。
10.答案：prevention
解析：句意为: 中药对这种疾病的预防和控制有一定的作用。设空处应用名词作介词 on 的宾语, prevent 的名词形式为 prevention, 意为 “预防”。
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger, but not make eye contact.(在公共汽车上，你可能会快速地瞥一眼陌生人，但不会有眼神交流)"可知，在公交车上人们只是瞥一眼陌生人，不会进行眼神交流。故选C。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中"A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.(一个差劲的说谎者通常会通过长时间盯着对方而暴露自己，因为他认为直视对方的眼睛是一种诚实沟通的表现，这是一种错误的想法)"可知，一个拙劣的骗子通常因为长时间看着受害人而暴露自己。故选D。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中"If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.(如果一个男人盯着一个女人看超过10秒，并且不把目光移开，他的意图就很明显了。也就是说，他希望引起她的注意，让她明白他在向她示爱)"可知，一个男人凝视一个女性超过10秒，则表示这个男人想让女人知道他很欣赏她。故选B。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段"Much information can be conveyed, purely through our eyes, so the expression "eyes also talk" is often heard.(很多信息都可以通过我们的眼睛传达，所以"眼睛也会说话"这句话经常被听到)"结合本文主要讲述了眼睛能够传递很多信息，通过列举不同情况下，眼睛表达的不同意义，证明了"眼睛会说话"这，故A选项"眼睛能说话"最符合文章标题。故选A。
15.答案：①-⑤FBGDE
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了预防SAD疾病的几种方法。
①根据下文"You'll feel depression every winter and begin to feel better each spring."(每年冬天你都会感到抑郁，而每年春天你会感觉好一些。)可知，此处讲述过敏性疾病的季节性的特点。选项F意为"与其他类型的抑郁症不同，随着春天的到来，它可能会有所改善"，与下文文意呼应。故选F。
②根据上文"Although any amount of outdoor light can help raise serotonin levels, getting light in the morning seems to offer the most benefit."(尽管任何量的户外光线都可以帮助提高血清素水平，但在早晨接受光线似乎是最有益的。)可知，此处讲述晒太阳是有所帮助的。选项B意为"如果天气允许，去散散步"，承接上文文意。故选B。
③根据下文"Exercise raises levels of serotonin and also increases levels of endorphins, which have been shown to fight depression."(运动可以提高血清素的水平，也可以提高内啡肽的水平，这已经被证明可以对抗抑郁。)可知，本段讲述锻炼可以抵御SAD，选项G意为"研究表明，增加日常锻炼可以抵抗SAD"，符合本段段意。故选G。
④根据上文"Scientists recommend one to take vitamin D 2,000 IU daily,"(科学家建议每天服用2000iu的维生素D，)可知，此处建议服用维D，选项D意为"但如果你很少暴露在阳光下，建议多吃点"，承接上文。故选D。
⑤根据上文"Year-end panic refers to the self-reproach(自责) and overall feeling of panic brought about by the approach of the year's end, often due to a poor financial year and pressure from work and family. "("年终恐慌"指的是临近年底时产生的一种自我责备和整体恐慌情绪，通常是由于财政状况不佳以及来自工作和家庭的压力所致。)，此处讲述压力也是致病原因之一，所以要避免压力。选项E意为"专家建议我们应该避免与他人竞争"，符合本段段意。故选E。Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. (完成困难事情的)能力，才能 ____________
v. 计算，核算 ____________
v. 编辑，编校；剪辑，剪接 ____________
n. 障碍 ____________
adv. 永远；长久地 ____________
n. 线索，提示 ____________
n. 强烈的情感，激情 ____________
adj. 仅仅，只不过；极小的，极不重要的 ____________
n. 福气，幸运 ____________
n. 地区，地带 ____________
v. 强调，使突出 ____________
adv. 官方地，正式地 ____________
二、重点短语
在短时间内 ________________________
和……接触 ________________________
将……分类 ________________________
一定数量的 ________________________
与……相反 ________________________
创造一个更美好的未来 ________________________
详细叙述 ________________________
有记载/记录的 ________________________
度过/熬过困难时期 ________________________
构成威胁 ________________________
感染率 ________________________
在……的过程中 ________________________
作为……的结果 ________________________
导致 ________________________
查明/发现 ________________________
提出/想出 ________________________
在全球范围内 ________________________
媒体报道 ________________________
将……和……相提并论 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird u and killer epidemics of the past， Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics...
最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命的流行病做对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找……
With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past 为with 复合结构作状语。
with + 宾语+ 宾补
常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：
（1）with + 宾语 + 形容词
He determined to return to his homeland with the situation there depressing.
他决心回国，因为那里的局势令人沮丧。
（2）with + 宾语 + 副词
He left the office，with the light on. 他开着灯离开了办公室。
（3）with + 宾语 + 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
With the specialist directing him，he has made up his mind to grow his own vegetables in greenhouses.
在专家的指导下，他决定自己种植大棚蔬菜。
（4）with + 宾语 + 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成）
With all the work finished，they hurried back home for lunch.
所有工作都做完了，他们匆忙回家吃午饭。
（5）with + 宾语 + 动词不定式（表示尚未发生）
With so many things to deal with，I can’t go on holiday.
有这么多的事要处理，我不能去度假。
（6）with + 宾语 + 介词短语
He came in with a book in his hand. 他进来了，手里拿着一本书。
Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms
你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗？（with 复合结构作定语）
2. Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area's population died from the epidemic，making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
现今科学家估计，发病区域多达50% 的人口死于这一流行病，成为罗马帝国衰落的一个主要原因。
现在分词短语作结果状语
通常放在句末。有时为了突出结果，现在分词前可加 thus 或therefore，相当于so 或so that 引导的结果状语从句。
Carbon burns in oxygen or air，therefore forming carbon dioxide.
碳在氧气或空气中燃烧，因而形成了二氧化碳。
I woke up in the morning，only to find the outside world greatly changed.
早晨我醒来，发现外面的世界变化很大。（出乎意料的结果）
Great changes have taken place in our country in the past few years， making it one of the powerful countries in the world. 在过去的几年中，我国发生了巨大的变化，使它成为世界上强大的国家之一。（顺其自然的结果）
3. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.
西班牙流感在18 个月内造成5 000 万人死亡，成为历史上最严重的流行病。
Having killed up to...为现在分词的完成式作状语，表示 动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
现在分词的完成式作状语 表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7: 30 train from Paddington.
那天，我赶上了从帕丁顿开来的7: 30 的火车，提前到了办公室。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.
（被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前）
由于那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。
四、基础练习
1.Genetic _____ (vary) make it harder to protect against the new virus.
2.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it _____(depress).
3.The effects of _____ (globe) warming, while not immediate, are potentially catastrophic.
4.I deal with customers on the phone and _____(rare) meet them face-to-face.
5.Doing garbage _____ (classify) in a right way can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot.
6.200 experts attended the conference, as _____(oppose) to 300 the previous year.
7.Many drugs were found by _____(try) and error.
8.Some puzzles look difficult but are _______ (actual) quite simple.
9.Recent years______ (witness) a great improvement in the relations between the two countries.
10.The steward(乘务员) was surprised to find his room _____(thorough) cleaned and everything arranged in a perfect order.
五、拓展练习
Who is a genius(天才) This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors(胜利者), and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club--women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected(排斥) by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
11. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're admirable.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
12. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
13. Why are more geniuses known to the public now
A. Less discrimination(歧视) against women.
B. Improved global communication.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
14. What is the best title for the text
A. Genius Takes Many Forms B. Geniuses Think Alike
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
15.How to Tell if Your Dog Is in Pain
Has your dog been acting differently Behavioral and physical changes could be their way of telling you they're in pain. So if they're showing any of these signs, contact your vet (兽医) to get your dog the care they need. ①______
Eating less
A dog in pain may eat less or not at all. If your dog doesn't come running when you fill its dish, it may be because of pain or an illness. ②______ If it still doesn't eat after 8 to 12 hours, contact your vet.
Sleeping more or less than usual
If dogs are in pain, they may find it hard to get comfortable at night. Most dogs have a regular sleep schedule they naturally stick to. ③______ They may sleep less at night because they're trying to find a comfortable position, and as a result, they may sleep more during the day.
④______
Hiding or shying away from contact is a common sign of pain in dogs. Many dogs don't want to be touched when they're in pain, especially if a specific area of their body is hurting.
Panting(喘气) heavily
⑤______ Dogs naturally pant to cool themselves down, but panting heavily could be a sign of concern. If your dog's breaths seem to quicken without cause they may be trying to breathe through the pain.
A. Avoiding touch.
B. Sitting or walking differently.
C. Try changing the type of its food.
D. Depending on the position of the pain.
E. With a little help, they'll be feeling better in no time.
F. But their schedule may be out of order if they're hurt.
G. A dog's breaths often quicken if they're in pain.
答案以及解析
1.答案：variations
解析：考查名词复数。句意:基因变异使得防范这种新病毒的难度加大。分析句子成分可知设空处作主语,由空前的形容词Genetic可知,此处应该填名词,空前无限定词且谓语动词为复数形式,所以此处应用复数名词。故填variations。
2.答案：depressing
解析：考查形容词。句意:这趟穿越群山的驱车旅行让我感到沮丧,而不是兴奋。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语it指物,所以此处应用depressing作宾语补足语。
3.答案：global
解析：考查形容词。句意:全球变暖的影响虽然并非即时发生,但很可能是灾难性的。设空处修饰名词warming,应用形容词global。global warming全球变暖。
4.答案：rarely
解析：考查副词。句意:我用电话和客户打交道,很少和他们见面。设空处修饰动词meet,应该用副词形式,故填rarely。
5.答案：classification
解析：考查名词。句意:正确进行垃圾分类能够变废为宝,这将使我们受益良多。设空处在句中作Doing的宾语,garbage classification垃圾分类。故填classification。
6.答案：opposed
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:有200名专家参加了这次会议,而前一年有300名。as opposed to而,相对于。故填opposed。
7.答案：trial
解析：考查名词。句意:许多药物都是经过反复试验后才被发现的。by是介词,后面应该跟名词、代词或动名词形式,结合and后的error可知此处应用名词形式,故填trial。trial and error反复试验;不断摸索。
8.答案：actually
解析：考查副词。句意：有些谜题看起来很难，其实很简单。谓语are用副词。故填actually。
9.答案：have witnessed
解析：句意为: 近年来, 两国关系有了很大的改善。根据 Recent years 可知, 此处应用现在完成时, 且主语为复数,故填 have witnessed。
10.答案： thoroughly
解析：句意为:乘务员惊讶地发现自己的房间被彻底打扫干净了,一切都安排得井井有条。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰动词cleaned,应用副词。故填thoroughly。
11.答案：A
解析：根据第三段 “It's said that history is written by the victors (胜利者), and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club--women, or people of a different color or belief--they were unacknowledged and rejected (排斥) by others.” 可知，胜利者制定的加入天才俱乐部的标准将女性、不同肤色或信仰的人排斥在外，他们的贡献不被认可，所以作者认为这些标准是不公平的，故选 A。B 选项 “令人钦佩的”、C 选项 “客观的”、D 选项 “严格的” 均不符合作者对这些标准的看法。
12.答案：D
解析：根据第四段 “A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are "really, really smart." Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” 可知，女孩们在六岁左右就受到社会观念的影响，认为自己所在的性别群体不那么聪明，并且会依据这种观念采取行动，回避一些被认为是给 “非常非常聪明” 的孩子准备的活动，所以可以推断出女孩们很可能受到社会观念的影响，故选 D。A 选项 “她们认为自己聪明” 与原文不符；B 选项 “她们尊敬伟大的思想家” 文中未提及；C 选项 “她们比男孩更早看到性别差异” 不是重点要表达的内容。
13.答案：B
解析：根据最后一段 “Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.” 可知，现在由于全球持续不断的通信，我们能在任何地方看到天才的闪现，所以更多的天才被公众所知是因为全球通信的改善，故选 B。A 选项 “对女性的歧视减少” 不是主要原因；C 选项 “接受胜利者的观念” 与文意不符；D 选项 “人们社会地位的变化” 文中未提及是天才被更多人知道的原因。
14.答案：A
解析：文章开篇提出天才的话题，接着指出过去天才俱乐部的标准存在不公平现象，然后通过研究说明女孩受社会观念影响对自身聪明程度的看法及行为，最后强调在当今全球化通信的时代，天才不受性别、种族、阶级等社会因素的限制，即天才有多种形式，故选 A。B 选项 “天才的想法相似” 文章未提及；C 选项 “天才与智力” 只是文章部分内容；D 选项 “天才与运气” 也不是文章主要探讨的内容。
15.答案：①-⑤ECFAG
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过几个症状来判断狗狗是否疼痛。
①E选项"只要有一点帮助，它们很快就会好起来的。"承接上文"So if they're showing any of these signs, contact your vet (兽医) to get your dog the care they need. (因此，如果它们表现出任何这些疼痛迹象，请联系您的兽医，让您的狗得到它们需要的护理)"讲给疼痛的狗狗帮助会产生的积极影响。故选E。
②由小标题"Eating less (少吃)"可知疼痛的狗狗会吃得少，C选项"尝试改变食物的类型。"承接上文"A dog in pain may eat less or not at all. If your dog doesn't come running when you fill its dish, it may be because of pain or an illness. (痛苦中的狗可能吃得更少或根本不吃。如果你的狗在你填满盘子时不跑，可能是因为疼痛或疾病)"讲在狗狗不吃或少吃情况下还不能判断狗狗是否疼痛或有疾的另一种方法，引出下文"If it still doesn't eat after 8 to 12 hours, contact your vet. (如果它在8到12小时后仍不进食，请联系您的兽医)"讲通过此方法判定狗狗疼痛或有疾后的做法，C项中的"its food"是提示词。故选C。
③F选项"但如果它们受伤，它们的日程睡眠安排可能会出现问题。"与上文"Most dogs have a regular sleep schedule they naturally stick to. (大多数狗都有一个规律的睡眠时间表，它们自然会坚持)"形成转折关系，表明什么情况下狗狗的睡眠日程会与平常不同，引出下文"They may sleep less at night because they're trying to find a comfortable position, and as a result, they may sleep more during the day. (它们可能会在晚上睡得更少，因为它们试图找到一个舒适的姿势，因此，它们可能会白天睡得更多)"讲狗狗不舒服的情况下，睡眠日程变化的具体表现。故选F。
④该空选择小标题，需总结下文，由下文"Hiding or shying away from contact is a common sign of pain in dogs. Many dogs don't want to be touched when they're in pain, especially if a specific area of their body is hurting. (躲藏或躲避接触是狗疼痛的常见症状。许多狗在疼痛时不想被触摸，特别是当它们身体的某个特定部位受伤时)"可知，本段讲狗狗疼痛时会避免被触摸，A选项"避免触摸。"切题。故选A。
⑤由小标题"Panting (喘气) heavily (气喘吁吁)"可知疼痛的狗狗会气喘吁吁，下文"If your dog's breaths seem to quicken without cause they may be trying to breathe through the pain. (如果你的狗的呼吸似乎无缘无故地加快，它们可能是在试图通过疼痛来呼吸)"可知，承接上下文，G选项"狗在疼痛时呼吸经常加快。"讲狗狗疼痛的症状之一。故选G。
