Unit 8 Literature Lesson 2 Poetry—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 诗，诗歌 ____________
n. 历险，奇遇 ____________
adj. 使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的 ____________
adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的 ____________
adj. 主观的；主语的 ____________
n. 押韵 ____________
n. (说话的)语气，口气 ____________
adj. 历史的 ____________
n. 登记，注册 ____________
v. 凝视，盯着看 ____________
adv. 到旁边，在旁边 ____________
v. (乘船) 航行 ____________
v. 溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 ____________
n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 ____________
n. 服装，衣服 ____________
v. 扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走 ____________
二、重点短语
凝视 ________________________
心情好 ________________________
挥手告别 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. Underline and talk about the literary devices the two poets used to express their feelings.
划出并讨论两位诗人用来表达情感的文学手法。
过去分词（短语）作定语
过去分词（短语）作定语的用法：
（1）过去分词（短语）作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。
Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.
如今，大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门课程，这门课程专门为他们设计，以帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。
（2）单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词前，而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词后。
They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.
他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence...
在报告中分享的最有希望的数据显示了明确的证据……
Most of the people invited to the party didn't come.
= Most of the people who were invited to the party didn't come.
大部分被邀请参加派对的人都没有来。
2. Discuss the different ways they expressed their appreciation.
讨论他们表达感谢的不同方式。
way后接定语从句的用法
定语从句：
引导词在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/ which，作宾语时可省略
引导词在从句中作方式状语时，用that/ in which 或省略
We admired the way (in which/ that) he solved the problem.
我们钦佩他解决那个问题的方法。
I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way (in which/ that) he speaks English.
我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
四、基础练习
1.The child was found______ (wander) the streets alone.
2.It is the first time that the girl______ (see) such an animal.
3.I have a lot______ (do) before the exam so I can't watch too much TV now.
4.It was winter, and the monkeys struggled hard to survive the______ (freeze) cold nights.
5.When I passed the garden after supper, I saw some ladies _____(dance) to music.
6.One morning, Tracy found a lost dog _____ (wander) around the local elementary school.
7.The marathon runner was running low on faith and had to drop out with only three miles _____(go).
8.Only by studying very hard _____(continuous) can we promise ourselves a good future.
9.Jack______ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred, which forced him to stop working.
10.Bob Dylan was reported to have been awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature for having created new______ (poet) expressions.
五、拓展练习
When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But if you also gesture (做手势) with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning. This is the conclusion a research team reached after using magnetic pulses (磁脉冲) to disturb these areas in language learners.
As Mathias and his colleagues describe in the Journal of Neuroscience, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented words (such as “lamube” for “camera” and “atesi” for “thought”) overfour days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were also shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves.
Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learnt into German in a test. At the same time, they had equipment tied to their heads that sent weak magnetic pulses to their primary motor cortex(运动皮层)—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. According to the results of the experiment, the researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learnt with gestures.
The effect did not occur when the test subjects were only presented with matching pictures instead of gestures when learning vocabulary. In contrast, children—unlike adults—seem to benefit from pictures as much as gestures in the long run. In an experiment published in 2020, the Leipzig research group had young adults and eight-year-old children listen to new vocabulary for five days, sometimes paired with matching pictures or videos of gestures. After two months, the two methods were still tied. But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures, while the children were helped equally by both.
11.Which method might be better in memorising words according to the passage
A. Watching videos. B. Using magnetic tape.
C. Reading the words repeatedly. D. Making hand movements.
12.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The design of the research. B. The purpose of the research.
C. The subjects of the research. D. The result of the research.
13.What helped remember the meanings of the new words
A.The best questions. B. The equipment.
C. The word type. D. The motor cortex.
14.What do the underlined words “were still tied” mean in the last paragraph
A. Achieved the same results. B. Did not help the adults equally.
C. Failed to have beneficial effects. D. Were connected with each other.
15.Maybe you have a fairly good command of the English language. ①_______ The following steps are sure to help you.
Get prepared. There is no need to start from the beginning. ②__ ____. So, pick out something from your list of things that you need to learn. Take a few minutes to decide why you want to learn this information and make sure that you focus on that particular point while studying. You can also take note of other interesting things, but now, focus on the task at hand!
Find ways to practice. Now that you know what you want to learn, jump over to Google or Yahoo and do a quick search on your chosen topic of interest. ③_________. These sites will provide you with tools and resources such as audio and video files to practice what you want to learn.
④________. You studied what you wanted to learn and now you need to use it in real-life situations. Use what you just learned on your friends and family. Try to use it at least thirty times to really understand it well and make it a part of you.
Make evaluations. ⑤_______, you can sit down for a few minutes and evaluate how you did. Did you learn everything that is required Are you still weak in certain areas of this topic If you are very determined to learn English, take note of these things. Start making plans now and start practicing it tomorrow.
Make sure you do these four steps every day and you will see your skills progressing steadily.
A. Put what you have learned into use
B. Are you looking for a place to practice and improve your English skills
C. Once you finish a day's work
D. Just check up and find out where you are weak
E. From there, you should be able to find some sites
F. Why should you use what you learned on your friends
G. You can find partners online to help you learn English
答案以及解析
1.答案：wandering
解析：句意为: 这个小孩被发现一个人在街上游荡。本句的谓语为 was found, 与设空处无连词连接, 设空处应用非谓语动词形式;此处为 “find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构的被动形式, 原先应作宾语的 The child 在本句中作主语, The child 与 wander 之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作主语补足语。
2.答案：has seen
解析：句意为: 这是这个女孩第一次看见这样的动物。 it is the first time that sb have/has done sth 意为“这是某人第一次做某事”, 主句用一般现在时, 从句谓语用现在完成时,故应填 has seen。
3.答案：to do
解析：句意为: 考试前我有很多事情要做,所以我现在不能看太多电视。have a lot to do 意为“有许多事要做”, 不定式表示将来含义,且此处为主动表被动。故填 to do。
4.答案：freezing
解析：句意为: 那是冬天, 猴子们在极为寒冷的夜晚艰难求生。设空处修饰形容词 cold,应填副词 freezing, 意为 “极冷地”。 freezing cold 修饰后面的 nights
5.答案：dancing
解析：考查现在分词。句意:当我晚饭后经过花园时,我看到一些女士在随着音乐跳舞。根据句子结构判断设空处作saw的宾语补足语,而宾语ladies与dance存在逻辑上的主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,故填现在分词dancing。
6.答案：wandering
解析：考查现在分词。句意:一天早上,特蕾西发现一只走失的狗在当地的小学附近徘徊。根据结构判断设空处作谓语动词found的宾语补足语,而宾语a lost dog与wander存在逻辑上的主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,故填现在分词wandering。
7.答案：to go
解析：考查动词不定式。句意:这位马拉松运动员信心不足地在跑,在离终点仅三英里时,不得不退出比赛。根据句子结构判断设空处作介词with的宾语补足语,由于表达的是将来的概念,使用不定式to go,此时用主动形式表示被动意义。
8.答案：continuously
解析：考查副词。设空处修饰studying very hard,所以应该用副词形式,故填continuously。
9.答案：was working
解析：句意为: 杰克正在实验室工作, 突然停电了,这使得他不得不停下工作。此处为 be doing sth when... 句型, 意为“正在做某事, 这时突然……”, 根据 occurred 可知,主句应用过去进行时。故填 was working。
10.答案：poetic
解析：句意为:据报道,鮑勃·迪伦因创造了新的诗歌表达方式而被授予 2016 年诺贝尔文学奖。设空处修饰后面的名词,应用形容词,故填 poetic,意为“诗歌的”。
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later.可知,学习词汇时做手势可以帮助人们更好地记住词汇。故选D项。
12.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知,实验挑选了22名说德语的人在四天内学习90个新创造出来的单词,并观看含有和单词含义相匹配的手势的视频,同时也要求他们在重复单词时对手势进行模仿。由此可以推断出第二段介绍了实验过程的设计。故选A项。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 the researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learnt with gestures 可知,在记忆新单词时起帮助作用的是运动皮层。故选D项。
14.答案： A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的 But after six months, the adults benefited more from the gestures than the pictures 可知,六个月后通过手势辅助学习的成年人获益更多,结合still可推断出两个月后这两种学习方法的测试结果仍是一样的,故画线短语在此处表示“拥有相同的结果”。故选A项。
15.答案：①-⑤ BDEAC
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何提高英语技巧的四个步骤。
①根据前句"Maybe you have a fairly good command of the English language.(也许你的英语掌握得相当好。)"和后句"The following steps are sure to help you.(下面的步骤一定能帮到你。)"以及问号可知，这是一个问句，且与提高英语有关。所以选择B"Are you looking for a place to practice and improve your English skills(你正在寻找一个练习和提高英语技能的地方吗)"符合上下文语境。故选B。
②根据前句"There is no need to start from the beginning. (没有必要从头开始。)"和后句"So, pick out something from your list of things that you need to learn.(所以，从你需要学习的东西列表中挑选一些。)"可知，学习要从你薄弱的地方入手。所以选择项D"Just check up and find out where you are weak(检查一下，找出你的薄弱点)"符合上下文语境。故选D。
③根据后句"These sites will provide you with tools and resources such as audio and video files to practice what you want to learn.(这些网站会为你提供工具和资源，比如音频和视频文件，来练习你想学的东西。)"可知，前面一句必然提到一些网站。所以选择项E"From there, you should be able to find some sites (从那里，你应该能够找到一些网站)"符合上下文语境。故选E。
④空处位于段首，概括全段。根据后文"You studied what you wanted to learn and now you need to use it in real-life situations.(你学了你想学的东西，现在你需要把它运用到现实生活中。)"可知，本段讲的都是要学以致用。所以选择项A"Put what you have learned into use(学以致用)"符合上下文语境。故选A。
⑤本段的主题是"Make evaluations(做出评估)"，结合后半句"you can sit down for a few minutes and evaluate how you did.(你可以坐下来几分钟，评估一下你做得如何。)"和常识可知，评估是在一天工作完成之后。所以选择项C"Once you finish a day's work(一旦你完成了一天的工作)"符合上下文语境。故选C。Unit 8 Literature Lesson 1 The Last Leaf—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 小说；虚构的事 ____________
n. 戏剧；戏剧表演 ____________
adj. 矛盾的；抵触的 ____________
n. 爱情故事；罗曼史；爱情 ____________
adj. 激动人心的；给人深刻印象的 ____________
n. 难以理解的事物，迷；悬疑故事 ____________
n. 结构，构造；建筑物 ____________
n. (书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境 ____________
adj. 未受注意的；未被看见的 ____________
adj. 空白的 ____________
adv. 往，往前面 ____________
v. (去) 拿来；(去) 请来；(去)找来 ____________
二、重点短语
和……矛盾 ________________________
吸引某人的注意 ________________________
怀疑地 ________________________
努力做 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. The janitor found him lying in bed helplessly with pain yesterday morning.
昨天早晨，看门人发现他无助地躺在床上，极度痛苦。
“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语
（1）find+宾语+ 现在分词
过去分词
When day broke, we found ourselves in a small village at the foot of the mountain.
破晓时，我们发现自己在山脚下的一个小村子里。（介词短语）
In order for us to be back at work on Monday, we found ourselves driving the 400 miles back home to Los Angeles on Christmas Day.
为了星期一能回去上班，我们不得不在圣诞节当天驱车400英里赶回洛杉矶的家。（现在分词）
She returned to her East London home only to find the door forced open.
她回到了在伦敦东区的住所，却发现门被撬开了。（过去分词）
（2）find+it（形式宾语）+宾语补足语+真正的宾语
该结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”结构，其中常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等；真正的宾语通常为不定式、动名词或从句等。
I think it impossible for us to finish the work in such a short time.
我认为对我们来说在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。
2. Hello, this is the first time that I have come to this library.
你好，这是我第一次来这个图书馆。
It/ This/ That+be+the first/ second/ ...time (+that) …
句型结构 从句时态 意义
It was the first/ second/ …time that… 过去完成时 这是某人第一/二/……次……
It is the first/ second/ ...time that... 现在完成时
It was the first time that he had got such a good chance.
这是他第一次得到了这样的一个好机会。
It is the first time that they have visited this city.
这是他们第一次参观这座城市。
This was the second time (that) he had failed the exam.
这是他第二次考试不及格。
四、基础练习
1.He _____(look) so serious at the moment.
2.The car he is driving _____ (belong) to his sister.
3.As the spring comes, the weather _____ (get) warmer and warmer.
4.Looking at the signs now, I get a feeling of amazement _____ (mix) with sadness.
5.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and _____(stare) at us.
6.Can you guess what he _____(think) about now
7.She found him _____ (sleep) soundly, and all her efforts to awaken him were of no avail.
8.Most people long _____ (have) a dream job and spend years in school or working their way up in pursuit of one.
9.A British insurance company recently asked 1,000 people to vote the most ______ (romance) letter.
10.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ (remain) around this level ever since.
五、拓展练习
Kung fu is one of the most popular topics of discussion among foreigners talking about China. As a discipline of kung fu with the largest number of practitioners in China, tai chi is gaining popularity worldwide. Tai chi is sweeping the world thanks to its deep cultural roots and the health benefits coming from practicing it.
The philosophy of tai chi features the concept of yin and yang, which is typical of Confucianism and Taoism. Tai chi also takes in ideas from traditional Chinese medicine, including anatomy(解剖学) and physiology. It is a practice that connects hardness with softness, and it is a perfect example of traditional Chinese culture.
Through lasting practice, learners begin to feel the positive impact(影响) of tai chi on their health. Unlike other kung fu practice that focuses on attacking and defending against enemies, tai chi focuses more on shaping good characters and keeping fit. By practicing tai chi, people will feel an improvement in their physical and psychological health by developing a balance between yin and yang within their bodies. This is similar to Western medicine's improving people's self-healing ability and immune system(免疫系统).
Tai chi is playing an important role in presenting Chinese culture to the rest of the world, acting like a bridge between China and other countries. Recent years have seen a lot of international communication on tai chi. In provinces like Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and Shaanxi, where tai chi teaching and learning are particularly active, local governments and non-governmental institutions often organize activities and competitions for learners and fans to attend and participate in. Large sporting events hosted by China such as the Asian Games and Olympics have featured tai chi performances or contests. These activities have opened a window for the outside world to know more about tai chi, paving the way for its overseas wide spread.
Today, tai chi not only belongs to China, but also to the whole world and to everyone who loves it.
11.Why is tai chi becoming popular around the world according to the passage
A. Chinese culture spreads quickly.
B. Practicing it can prevent all illness.
C. It is easier to practice than other kung fu.
D. It has deep cultural roots and health benefits.
12.What does tai chi represent
A. The ideas of Chinese medicine. B. The traditional Chinese culture.
C. The characteristic of yin and yang. D. A practice of hardness and softness.
13.According to Paragraph 3, tai chi practice is to __________.
A. restore people's immune system
B. help people keep healthy and get good characters
C. defend people's body from being attacked
D. improve people's self-healing ability
14.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. Tai chi is China's best event in Asian Games.
B. Tai chi is active only in central China.
C. Tai chi furthers cross-culture communication.
D. Tai chi opens a window for people to know about the world.
15.The famous Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. ①______, a Chinese writer known for his love for his country and poetry who finally became a great hero.
Qu Yuan supported fighting to protect his country. Though what he did led to his being forced to leave it, he wrote poetry to show his love for it. ②____. After finishing his final poem, he jumped into the Miluo River in today's Hunan Province to show that he was angry with the corruption(腐败) around him.
Upon hearing the news, villagers took boats and carried dumplings to the middle of the river to try and save Qu Yuan. ③______. They turned to beating drum (鼓), hitting water with wood and throwing the rice dumplings into the water. They believed these were ways to keep fish away from Qu Yuan's body. ④_____, while the search for Qu Yuan's body became the dragon boat races.
Now, dragon boat races are held every year in China, attracting thousands of supporters to participate. ⑤_____. They are often painted in very bright colors. The teams on board will work together to get the boats to the finish line as fast as possible, while a team member sits at the front and beats a drum to raise morale(士气) and make sure everyone keeps pace(节奏) and time.
A. He finally became a national hero
B. It is to remember the death of Qu Yuan
C. However, their efforts were not successful
D. Everyone is fighting hard to get the first place
E. The boats take the form of a traditional Chinese dragon
F. The rice dumplings became the zongzi we know today
G. It's said that Qu Yuan felt great sadness after part of his own country was taken over
答案以及解析
1.答案：looks
解析：考查动词时态。句意:他现在看上去很严肃。look在这里是状态动词,根据at the moment可知用一般现在时,且主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填looks。
2.答案：belongs
解析：考查动词时态。句意:他正在开的汽车属于他的姐姐。此处陈述一般情况,应用一般现在时,belong是状态动词,主句主语The car是单数,主句谓语动词应用单数,故填belongs。
3.答案：is getting
解析：考查动词时态。句意:随着春天的到来,天气变得越来越暖和。由时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知主句用现在时,天气变得越来越暖和,表示正在进行,故填is getting。
4.答案：mixed
解析：考查过去分词。句意:现在看着这些标志,我有一种惊讶中夹杂着悲伤的感觉。结合句意判断此处作amazement的后置定语,amazement与mix为逻辑上的被动关系,故填mixed。
5.答案：stared
解析：考查时态。句意:坐在大厅里的一群人停止了谈话,盯着我们看。由空前的and可知前后构成并列关系,分析句子可知,填人词与stopped并列作谓语,时态均为一般过去时,故填stared。
6.答案：is thinking
解析：考查动词时态。句意:你能猜出来他现在正在想什么吗 此处表示现在正在想,所以用现在进行时,宾语从句的主语是he,为第三人称单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填is thinking。
7.答案：sleeping
解析：考查现在分词。句意:她发现他睡得很沉,她想唤醒他的一切努力都无济于事。设空处作宾语补足语,由于宾语him与sleep之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且表示动作正在进行,故使用现在分词sleeping。
8.答案：to have
解析：考查动词不定式。long to do sth.表示“渴望做某事”,故填to have。
9.答案：romantic
解析：句意为: 一家英国保险公司最近邀请了 1,000 人投票选出最浪漫的信件。the most 后接形容词, 表示最高级,修饰名词 letter。
10.答案：has remained
解析：句意为: 20世纪90年代初, 医学院的数量达到了18所, 此后一直保持在这个水平左右。ever since(从那以后)作时间状语时, 句子应用现在完成时。remain意为"继续, 依然"时, 为连系动词, 表示状态。
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Tai chi is sweeping the world thanks to its deep cultural roots and the health benefits coming from practicing it.(太极拳因其深厚的文化根基和练习它对健康的益处而风靡全球。)"可知，太极受到全世界人民的欢迎，主要是因为它含有深厚的中国文化以及它能够给人们带来的健康方面的好处。故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段"The philosophy of tai chi features the concept of yin and yang, which is typical of Confucianism and Taoism. Tai chi also takes in ideas from traditional Chinese medicine, including anatomy(解剖学) and physiology. It is a practice that connects hardness with softness, and it is a perfect example of traditional Chinese culture.(太极的哲学以阴阳观念为特色，这是典型的儒家和道家思想。太极拳还吸收了中国传统医学的思想，包括解剖学和生理学。这是一种软硬结合的做法，是中国传统文化的一个完美例子。)"可知，我们太极是中国传统文化的代表。故选B。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Unlike kung fu practices that focus on attacking and defending against enemies, Tai Chi focuses more on shaping good characters and keeping fit.(与其他注重攻防敌人的功夫不同，太极更注重塑造良好的性格和保持健康。)"可知，太极练习是帮助人们保持健康和获得良好的性格。故选B。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Tai chi is playing an important role in presenting Chinese culture to the rest of the world, acting like a bridge between China and other countries. Recent years have seen a lot of international communication on tai chi.(太极拳在向世界展示中国文化方面发挥着重要作用，就像中国和其他国家之间的桥梁。近年来，我们看到了很多关于太极的国际交流。)"、"These activities have opened a window for the outside world to know more about tai chi, paving the way for its overseas wide spread.(这些活动为外界了解太极拳打开了一扇窗，为太极拳在海外的广泛传播铺平了道路。)"和最后一段"Today, tai chi not only belongs to China, but also to the whole world and to everyone who loves it.(今天，太极拳不仅属于中国，也属于全世界，属于每一个热爱太极拳的人。)"可推断，太极促进跨文化交流。故选C。
15.答案：①-⑤ BGCFE
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节日端午节的历史与庆祝活动。
①由下文中的"a Chinese writer known for his love for his country and poetry who finally became a great hero.(一位以热爱祖国和诗歌而闻名的中国作家，最终成为了一位伟大的英雄)"可知，空格处应该是提到一位人物，B项"这是为了纪念屈原的逝世"符合语境。故选B。
②下文"After finishing his final poem, he jumped into the Miluo River in today's Hunan Province to show that he was angry with the corruption(腐败) around him.(在完成他的最后一首诗后，他跳进了今天湖南省的汨罗江，以表达他对周围腐败的愤怒)"提到屈原投江而死，G项"据说屈原在自己国家的一部分被占领后感到非常悲伤"与下文中在一定程度上构成因果关系，阐述屈原投江的原因。故选G。
③上文"Upon hearing the news, villagers took boats and carried dumplings to the middle of the river to try and save Qu Yuan.(听到消息后，村民们划船，带着面团到河中央，试图挽救屈原)"提到村民们试图挽救屈原，C项"然而，他们的努力没有成功"与上文形成转折关系，表明人们用面团救屈原所做的努力没有成功，引出下文"They turned to beating drums(鼓), hitting water with wood and throwing the rice dumplings into the water.(他们开始打鼓，用木头打水，把粽子扔进水里)"救屈原的另一做法。故选C。
④由下文中的while以及"the search for Qu Yuan's body became the dragon boat races(寻找屈原的遗体变成了龙舟比赛)"可知，while表示对比，所以空处讲的是另外一种演变，F项"这些粽子就变成了我们今天所知道的粽子"符合语境。故选F。
⑤上文"Now, dragon boat races are held every year in China, attracting thousands of supporters to participate.(现在，中国每年都举行龙舟比赛，吸引了成千上万的支持者参加)"提到中国每年都举行龙舟赛，下文"They are often painted in very bright colors.(它们通常被涂上非常鲜艳的颜色)"中的They指的是船，因此可推断，空格处也是讲述跟船相关的信息，E项"这些船的形状是中国传统的龙"符合语境。故选E。Unit 8 Literature Writing Workshop—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
v. (乘船) 航行 ____________
v. 溜走，悄悄地走；滑倒 ____________
n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动 ____________
n. 服装，衣服 ____________
v. 扫，打扫；扫去；卷走，冲走 ____________
n. 海浪，波涛 ____________
n. 湾，海湾 ____________
n. 轻易，毫不费劲 ____________
adv. 然而，不过；尽管如此 ____________
v. 打，击撞；突然发生不幸 ____________
v. (使)弹起，(使) 反弹 ____________
adj. 固体的；坚硬的 ____________
n. 建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑 ____________
v. 安抚 ____________
n. 有学问的人；学者 ____________
二、重点短语
左右为难 ________________________
使振奋 ________________________
认为……理所当然________________________
三、知识讲解
1. I couldn't say where I was, nor could I imagine.
我说不出我在哪里，也无法想象。
nor/ neither置于句首时引起的部分倒装
表示否定意义的词nor/ neither位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构，表示“……也不……”，其结构为“nor/ neither + be动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语（+其他）”。
I don't like it; nor do I care about it.
我不喜欢它，也不关心它。
You can't do it. Nor can I.
你不能做这件事，我也不能。
If you don't go there, neither/ nor will I.
如果你不去那儿的话，我也不去。
在肯定句中so位于句首时，表示“……也一样”，句子用部分倒装结构。
They can leave now. So can we.
他们现在可以离开了，我们也可以（离开）。
2. I could hear Ned and Conseil breathing quickly.
我能听到尼德和康塞尔急促的呼吸声。
“hear+宾语+doing/ done/ do”结构
在“hear+宾语+doing/done/do”结构中，doing强调动作正在进行；do强调动作发生的全过程；done强调已经完成的或者被动的动作。在被动语态中，do要改为to do形式。
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.
她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。
能用于该结构的动词还有watch, see, find, catch, observe等。
Have you seen Mr. Liu dance Little Apple That's such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes fixed on it.你见过刘先生跳《小苹果》吗？那画面太美，我都不敢看它。
3. Then came the sound of a heavy door opening, and two seamen appeared.
接着传来了沉重的开门声，两位水手出现了。
此句为简单句。表示时间的副词then置于句首，句子用完全倒装。
完全倒装句
表示时间（now, then等）、方向或方位的副词（here, there, up, down, out, away, off, inside, outside等），以及表示地点等的介词短语（in the room, on the wall等）置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。
Then came the disturbing news that she had become seriously ill.
接着传来她病重了这个令人不安的消息。
There stands a stone bridge across the river.
河上有一座石桥。
In front of our classroom is a newly-built playground where we often play basketball.
我们教室前面是一个新建的操场，我们经常在那里打篮球。
在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数保持一致。
房间里似乎有很多人。
(×) There seems to be many people in the room.
(√) There seem to be many people in the room.
这幢房子前矗立着一座塔。
(×) In front of the house stand a tower.
(√) In front of the house stands a tower.
4. Hardly a large meal, but it made me realise just how hungry I was.
虽然不是一顿大餐，但它让我意识到我有多饿。
“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
“make +宾语+宾语补足语”构成make的复合结构，其中宾语补足语可以是形容词、不带to的不定式、名词、过去分词等。
make 的复合结构：
make+宾语+不带to的不定式 使……做……
make+宾语+ adj./adv./prep./n. 使……处于某种状态
make +宾语+过去分词 使……
make it +n./adj.+(for sb.) to do sth./that从句（it为形式宾语）
He tried to make his ideas known.
他设法让别人知道他的想法。
The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioners unnecessary.
冷风吹过我们卧室的窗户，使得空调（变得）没必要了。
People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
在西方，人们习惯给他们的亲属和朋友们购买圣诞礼物。
“make +宾语+do sth.”使……做某事，被动语态结构为be made to do sth.。
没有make sb. doing sth.的用法。
四、基础练习
1.My family provides _____(emotion) support when I feel very painful.
2.I recommend him ______(explore) the city on his own.
3.All her classmates were _____ (amaze) at her knowledge of French literature.
4.Electronic waste also contains _____ (poison)metals.
5.He was _____ (painful) aware that the family had different opinions.
6.A bomb exploded in a hotel, killing six people and _____(wound) another five.
7.He recommends______ (wear) safety equipment while inspecting the construction site.
8.When my mother made it to the destination, I pretended______ (be) happy to admire the building.
9.Hanfu represents an aesthetic of living and a______ (continue) of traditional Chinese culture.
10.It was when we were returning home _____ I realised what a good feeling it was to help someone in trouble.
五、拓展练习
Nowadays China plays an increasingly significant role in world politics, economy and culture integration. As one of the most popular languages in the world, English have many differences between Chinese.
This is a brief introduction of the differences in Chinese and English Grammar to help those who have some basis in Chinese to learn this language easier.
1.English emphasizes on the structure, whiles Chinese focuses on the meaning. In English, several meanings can be expressed clearly with complicated structure in just one sentence. In Chinese, a sentence is usually short with little modifier(修饰语), or it will cause confusion in meaning.
2.When expressing the meaning, long sentence is regularly used in English and short sentence is used in Chinese. From point one above, we could conclude that English sentences are usually long and Chinese sentences are usually short. One should "Get the meaning, forget the words" in Chinese learning.
3.It has many clauses in English sentences which are often separated in small sentences in Chinese way of expression. In an English sentence, except some modifiers, it has a lot of clauses which makes a sentence much more complicated. In Chinese, one meaning is usually expressed in separated sentences connecting with comma.
4.In English people use pronouns a lot, but in Chinese people often use noun. In English, people not only use "we", "you", "she", "they", but also use "that" and "which" to keep a sentence well structured and clearly, and avoid repeat meaning. Due to short sentence structure, a pronoun is commonly replaced by a noun in Chinese expression.
5.The passive voice is often used in English expression; In Chinese, one usually uses the active voice. The passive voice is widely used in English, especially in some scientific articles. For example, "It is (always) stressed that..." is generally expressed as "People (always) stress that..." in Chinese.
11.Who is the passage designed for
A. Foreigners who teach Chinese
B. Foreigners who learn Chinese
C. Foreigners who live in China
D. Foreigners who visit China
12.What will happen if a sentence in Chinese is too long
A. The sentence's meaning can be expressed more clearly.
B. There will be mistakes in the sentences.
C. The structure of this sentence is wrong.
D. The sentence is likely to be confusing.
13.The following options are correct EXCEPT________.
A. The active voice is often used in Chinese expression.
B. Pronouns are used in English frequently.
C. Chinese prefers clauses to small sentences.
D. English sentences are usually longer than Chinese sentences.
14.Which is more in line with English expression habits according to the passage
A. Tea is enjoyed by people worldwide and it is good for health.
B. People enjoy drinking tea worldwide and it is good for health.
C. Tea is enjoyed by people worldwide and tea is good for health.
D. People enjoy drinking tea worldwide and tea is good for health.
15.Learning a language can be a difficult task. ①_______ . So when you sit down to begin your language program, you want to have the right language learning strategies to make sure you don't waste any time.
Invest in the right way
Before picking up a language textbook or downloading an app, ask yourself, how do you like to learn If you get anxiety about sitting in a language class, don't waste the money signing up. The possibility that you'll drop out and lose your money is high. Instead, pick ways of studying that inspire your inner learner. ②______ .
Don't worry about grammar
Grammar is annoying. ③_______ . Some grammar is necessary, indeed, but an emphasis on it too early can ruin your progress. As you learn to talk to others, you will naturally pick up grammar along the way. Only when you reach comprehension, do you need to start focusing on grammar.
④________
There's a lot to learn besides vocabulary words. You need to be able to pronounce words correctly. But how do you do that Speaking a different language involves using different face muscles than normal. By watching native speakers talk, you'll pick up on the details for how to move your lips and mouth when saying certain words.
Study things that interest you
Textbooks usually pick boring situations to teach a foreign language. Instead, you should choose to study language around topics that interest you. If you like movies, try watching films in the target language with subtitles(字幕). ⑤________ . By keeping it interesting, you'll be more motivated to study.
A. Practice speaking everyday
B. Watch how others speak that language
C. This will make you excited to study when you begin
D. If you enjoy comics，read them in your target language
E. That is to say，there's nothing wrong with learning grammar
F. You don't want to fail if you attempt to learn a second language
G. There's a debate about its importance in learning a second language
答案以及解析
1.答案：emotional
解析：句意为: 当我感到非常痛苦时, 我的家人会给予我情感上的支持。设空处作定语修饰名词support, 应用形容词, emotion的形容词为emotional, 意为"情感上的"。故填emotional。
2.答案：to explore
解析：句意为: 我建议他自己去探索这座城市。recommend sb to do sth 意为"建议某人做某事"。
3.答案：amazed
解析：考查形容词。句意:她所有的同学都对她的法国文学知识感到惊奇。设空处作表语,描述人的感受,故填amazed。
4.答案：poisonous
解析：考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰metals,表示“有毒的”,故填poisonous。
5.答案：painfully
解析：考查副词。句意:他痛苦地意识到家人意见不一。设空处用来修饰形容词aware,所以用副词painfully。
6.答案：wounding
解析：考查现在分词。句意:一颗炸弹在一家旅馆爆炸,导致6人死亡、另外5人受伤。根据句子结构判断,此处与killing six people并列作结果状语,且wound为及物动词,意为“使受伤”,和句子主语之间是主动关系,故填wounding。
7.答案：wearing
解析：句意为: 他建议在检查建筑工地时戴上安全设备。recommend doing sth 为固定搭配,意为 “建议做某事”。故填 wearing 。
8.答案：to be
解析：句意为: 当我妈妈到达目的地时,我假装高兴地欣赏这座建筑。pretend to do sth 意为“假装做某事”。
9.答案：continuation
解析：句意为: 汉服代表生活的美和中国传统文化的延续。设空处前有冠词a, 后有介词 of,故应用名词形式,故填 continuation。
10.答案：that
解析：句意为: 正是在我们回家的时候, 我才意识到帮助遇到困难的人的感觉是多么好。分析句子结构可知, 该句为强调句, 强调when引导的时间状语从句, 故填that。
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中"This is a brief introduction of the differences in Chinese and English Grammar to help those who have some basis in Chinese to learn this language easier.(本文就中英文语法的差异做一简要介绍，以帮助有一定汉语基础的同学更好地掌握汉语。)"可知，本文主要是帮助有一定汉语基础的同学更好地掌握汉语而设计的。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中"In Chinese, a sentence is usually short with little modifier (修饰语), or it will cause confusion in meaning.(在汉语中，句子通常很短，很少使用修饰语，否则会造成意思混淆。)"可知，如果一个中文句子太长会造成意思混淆。故选D。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中"In an English sentence, except some modifiers, it has a lot of clauses which makes a sentence much more complicated. In Chinese, one meaning is usually expressed in separated sentences connecting with comma.(在英语句子中，除了一些修饰语外，还有很多从句，这使得句子更加复杂。在汉语中，一个意思通常用逗号连接的句子来表达。)"可知，英国人喜欢从句而不喜欢小句子。故C项错误。故选C。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"The passive voice is often used in English expression; In Chinese, one usually uses the active voice. The passive voice is widely used in English, especially in some scientific articles. For example, "It is (always) stressed that..." is generally expressed as "People (always) stress that..." in Chinese.(被动语态在英语表达中经常使用;在汉语中，人们通常使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中广泛使用，尤其是在一些科学文章中。例如，"(总是)强调……，通常表达为"人们(总是)强调……""在中国。)"可知，A选项"Tea is enjoyed by people worldwide and it is good for health.(茶被世界各地的人们所喜爱，它对健康有益。)"符合英国人的表达。故选A。
15.答案：①-⑤FCGBD
解析：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了学习第二种语言是一项艰巨的任务，以及给出了一些学习建议。
①上文"Learning a language can be a difficult task."(学习一门语言是一项艰巨的任务。)引出话题。下文"So when you sit down to begin your language program, you want to have the right language learning strategies to make sure you don't waste any time."(所以当你坐下来开始你的语言课程时，你想要有正确的语言学习策略，以确保你不浪费任何时间。)说明对待学习的态度。故可推断空格处为：如果想学的话，你会很认真的。结合选项F. You don't want to fail if you attempt to learn a second language(如果你试图学习第二语言，你不会想要失败的。)符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
②由该题为此段句尾题，故可知总结上文内容。由上文"Instead, pick ways of studying that inspire your inner learner."(相反，选择能激发你内在学习者的学习方式。)结合选项C .This will make you excited to study when you begin(这将使你在开始学习时感到兴奋。)可知，为总结上文的内容。故选C。
③由下文"Some grammar is necessary, indeed, but an emphasis on it too early can ruin your progress. As you learn to talk to others, you will naturally pick up grammar along the way. Only when you reach comprehension, do you need to start focusing on grammar."(一些语法确实是必要的，但过早地强调语法会破坏你的进步。当你学习与他人交谈时，你会自然而然地学会语法。只有当你理解了，你才需要开始关注语法。)可知，提到语法，并且解释了学习语法的必要性。结合选项G .There's a debate about its importance in learning a second language(关于它在学习第二语言中的重要性存在争议。)提到语法，并指出学习语法存在争议性。和下文内容相呼应。故选G。
④根据该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段内容"There's a lot to learn besides vocabulary words. You need to be able to pronounce words correctly. But how do you do that Speaking a different language involves using different face muscles than normal. By watching native speakers talk, you'll pick up on the details for how to move your lips and mouth when saying certain words."(除了词汇，还有很多东西要学。你需要能够正确发音。但是你要怎么做呢？说不同的语言需要用到不同的面部肌肉。通过观看说本族语的人说话，你会掌握说某些单词时如何动嘴唇和嘴的细节。)主要讲的是观看本族语的人说话学习语言。结合选项B. Watch how others speak that language(观察别人是如何说这种语言的)和该段内容一致。故选B。
⑤由上文"you should choose to study language around topics that interest you"(你应该选择你感兴趣的话题来学习语言。)说明应该选择感兴趣的内容学习语言。空格处前一句"If you like movies, try watching films in the target language with subtitles. "(如果你喜欢电影，试着看带字幕的外语电影。)提出了具体做法，选项D. If you enjoy comics，read them in your target language.(如果你喜欢漫画，那就用你的目标语言来读。)提出了另一种做法，同时为两种假设，来说明解释上文的结论。故选D。
