Unit 1 Face values Developing ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
重点单词短语
wretch __________________
exclaim __________________
heartfelt __________________
compassion __________________
exquisite __________________
accent __________________
utter __________________
immense __________________
monster __________________
resemble __________________
savage __________________
coarse __________________
heartbreaking __________________
expression __________________
intently __________________
repay __________________
profound __________________
tenderness __________________
motive __________________
novelist __________________
torture __________________
graceful __________________
execution __________________
重点短语
be concerned with __________________
regardless of __________________
be fascinated by __________________
take on a cruel look __________________
remind sb. of sth. __________________
重难知识点
1. Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments, as they considered their predicament in silence, she so graceful, he so repulsive.
独立主格结构：
独立主格结构是一种带有自己逻辑主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句，语法上独立于主句，但在语义上与主句相关，通常在句中作状语和定语。独立主格结构可位于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。独立主格结可扩展为状语从句。
（一） 基本形式
名词普通格或代词主格+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
（二）独立主格结构的种类
① 不定式作独立主格结构
动词不定式与前面的名词或代词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，通常表示未发生的动作。这种结构也可改为一个从句或并列分句。
1.动词不定式用主动的形式。
We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor.
我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
2.动词不定式用被动的形式。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
② -ing形式作独立主格结构
在独立主格结构中，动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语一致，而逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。
（seating himself at the desk有自己的逻辑主语he）
表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous.
许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧张。
（=As many eyes were watching him）
注意：
含有being的独立主格结构。
It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
= As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded.
表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
时间允许的话，我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
（相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)
表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
（相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）
③ -ed形式作独立主格结构
与-ing形式独立主格结构类似，-ed形式独立主格结构的逻辑主语也与主句主语不一致。
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。
（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成时having been lost）
= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
比较：
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束。
The manager looks worried, many things to settle.
经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。
（事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式主动形式to settle）
The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.
许多事情已经处理好了， 经理看上去很轻松。
（事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束）
The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.
小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。（两个动作同时进行）
The food cooked, the boy went to bed.
饭做好了，小孩去睡了。（两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的）。
2. There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable.
该句是there引导的全部倒装句，谓语动词“lay”提到主语“an awareness of his sadness”之前。
句子主干为：There lay (谓语) + in the accents of the unfortunate man (状语) + so significant an awareness of his sadness (主语) + that she had not the strength to utter a syllable (结果状语从句)。
全部倒装
把谓语全部提到主语前面，叫全部倒装。在there引导的倒装句中，谓语动词通常为表示“存在”或“状态”的动词，如be, live, happen, exist, remain, stand, lie等。
There are many students in the classroom.教室里有许多学生。
Long, long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.?
很久很久以前，有一位国王，他非常喜欢马。
There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.?
起火的时候，碰巧房间里面没有人。
注意：在there引导的倒装句中，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语决定。
There exists a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多水。
There remain some problems to be solved. 还剩下一些问题有待解决。
四、基础自测
1.__________ (motivate) and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.
2.We are __________(profound) affected by what happened to us in childhood.
3.Touched by their enthusiastic __________(express) of affection, Mabry thanked them all.
4.Having received her __________(grace) letter of apology, Peter didn't hate Annie any more.
5.As a __________(novel), I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.
6.But phytoplankton are __________(sense) to the ocean’s warming trend.
7.One of the main __________(find) of the survey was the confusion about the facilities already in place.
8.Moore then used her __________(save) to get her business off the ground.
9.The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s _____________ (catch).
10.When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to ___________ (live) on his own.
五、拓展练习
语法填空
A Chinese dance drama has made its global debut (首映) on social media platforms abroad, ①________ (create) a new wave of discussion on the beauty of Chinese culture among art lovers from all over the world.
“Li Bai”, a classic production by the China National Opera and Dance Drama Theatre, ②______ (strike) a chord (弦) with global audiences through the telling of a lifelong journey of the literary giant Li Bai so far. After a year of improving, that ③________ (remark) work has returned to center stage.
④_______ was updated of “Li Bai” provides the audience with a fresh new feel. The new music skillfully combined orchestral symphony was designed ⑤_______ (integrate) with the dance and drama. When you turn off the music and watch the performance of the actors alone, it has no impact.
The classic piece ⑥________ (greet) audiences at the National Centre for the Performing Arts three months ago with sold-out shows. Art has no borders. “Li Bai”⑦________ (view) more than 5.5 million times with more than 1.33 million responses. In the history of Chinese poetry, Li Bai was not “one of “ ⑧_______ “the one”.
In telling the story of ⑨________ great poet, China has once again passed ⑩________ its fine tradition and carried Chinese culture forward in its own way.
阅读理解
British cinema boasts a rich diversity of films that weave appealing narratives with stunning landscapes and fascinating characters. These films celebrate the diverse beauty and cultural heritage of Britain.
Local Hero
Local Hero digs into the conflict between a giant US oil company and a remote Scottish village when the former plans to build a refinery. However, the exceptionally beautiful landscapes and the firm attitude of the villagers sway the company’s decision. The story has been a lasting appeal to audiences, even after over four decades.
Kes
British director Ken Loach’s first triumph, Kes, describes the touching narrative of a young Yorkshire boy taking the journey of capturing and training an eagle. The film offers a rare description of Yorkshire, filled with a tender lens that celebrates its essence.
The Dig
The delightful counties surrounding London are vividly depicted in The Dig, set against the peaceful countryside of Suffolk before World War Ⅱ. Ralph Fiennes, a famous actor, plays the role of a self-taught archaeologist unearthing the mysteries of an Anglo-Saxon graveyard, adding to its fun.
Calvary
Irish director Michael McDonagh’s films set in Ireland are undoubtedly attractive, often integrating Ireland’s picturesque scenery into the story. Among these, Calvary, stands out. It records the difficult and tiring journey of a moral priest, dealing with the evil forces within his area.
1.Which of the following films will appeal to curious history lovers
A. The Dig. B. Local Hero. C. Kes. D. Calvary.
2.What is the setting of the film Local Hero
A. A Yorkshire village. B. A remote Scottish village.
C. The countryside of Suffolk. D. The Anglo-Saxon graveyard.
3.What is the theme of the British films mentioned in the text
A. The moral dilemma of an Irish priest.
B. The national and cultural heritage of Britain.
C. The beauty and diversity of British landscapes and characters.
D. The adventures of Yorkshire boys capturing and training eagles.
答案以及解析
一、
n. 可怜的人
v. (因惊讶、愤怒或兴奋而) 呼喊，惊叫
adj. 衷心的，诚挚的
n. 怜悯；同情
adj. 精美的，精致的
n. 口音
v. （尤指吃力地）发出（声音）
adj. 巨大的
n. 怪物
v. 像；与……类似，与……相似
adj. 野蛮的
adj. 粗俗的；下等的
adj. 令人悲伤的
n. 表情；神色
adv. 专心地；一心一意地
v. 报答
adj. （感情）强烈的，深切的
n. 柔情
n. （尤指隐藏的）动机，原因，目的
小说家
v. 拷打，拷问
adj. 优美的，优雅的
n. （尤指依法的）处死
二、
关心；挂念
不管；不顾
被迷住
露出一幅残忍的面孔
提醒某人某事
四、
1.答案：Motivation
解析：句意:动机和目标设定有两面性。motivation n.动机；动力；诱因。故填Motivation。
2.答案：profoundly
解析：句意：童年发生的事深深地影响着我们。profoundly adv.深深地；深切地；深刻地；极度地。根据句子结构可知这里用副词作状语，修饰谓语动词are affected。故填profoundly。
3.答案：expression
解析：句意：被他们热烈表达的感情感动，马布里感谢他们所有人。expression n.表达，表情。故填expression。
4.答案：graceful
解析：句意：收到她得体的道歉信后，彼得不再憎恨安妮了。graceful adj.优美的，优雅的；美好的；得体的。故填graceful。
5.答案：novelist
解析：句意：作为一名小说家，我与图书馆建立了一种新的关系。novelist n.小说家。故填novelist。
6.答案：sensitive
解析：句意：但浮游植物对海洋变暖的趋势很敏感。 sensitive adj.敏感的；灵敏的；易受影响的。故填sensitive。
7.答案：findings
解析：句意：这项调査的一个主要发现是对于哪些设备已经到位弄不清楚。finding n.发现；研究结果；调査（或研究）的结果。根据句意可知这里用复数形式。
8.答案：savings
解析：句意：摩尔然后用她的积蓄使她的生意顺利开始。 saving n.节约；节俭；储蓄金；挽救。故填savings。
9.答案：being caught
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：新证据的发现使得小偷被抓住了。lead to中的to为介词，后接v.-ing形式，catch与逻辑主语the thief是被动关系。故填being caught。
10.答案：living
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子出国留学时，他必须学会适应独立生活。adjust to “适应”，to是介词，后跟v.-ing形式作宾语。故填living。
五、
语法填空
答案：1 creating；2 has struck ；3 remarkable ；4 What ；5 to integrate ；6 greeted ；7 was viewed ；8 but；9 the ；10 on
解析：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国舞蹈剧《李白》在国外社交媒体平台上首次亮相，在世界各地的艺术爱好者中掀起了一股讨论中国文化之美的新浪潮。
①考查非谓语动词。句意：一部中国舞剧在国外社交媒体平台上全球首播，引发了世界各地艺术爱好者对中国文化之美的新一波讨论。句子谓语为has made，且句中无连词，设空处需填非谓语动词作状语，create与逻辑主语A Chinese dance drama为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填creating。
②考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：《李白》是中国国家歌剧舞剧院的经典作品，通过讲述文学巨匠李白迄今为止的一生历程，引起了全球观众的共鸣。根据时间状语so far可知，谓语动词应使用现在完成时态；句子主语为Li Bai，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式；strike的过去分词为struck。故填has struck。
③考查形容词。句意：经过一年的改进，这项非凡的工作又回到了中心舞台。设空处后为名词work，修饰名词需要用形容词作定语。remark的形容词形式为remarkable，意为“引人注目的，非凡的，举世瞩目的”。故填remarkable。
④考查主语从句。句意：《李白》的更新为观众提供了全新的感觉。谓语动词provides之前的was updated of Li Bai为主语从句，从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what引导。设空处在句首，单词首字母大写。故填What。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：新音乐巧妙地结合了管弦交响乐，旨在与舞蹈和戏剧融为一体。integrate，意为“(使)合并，成为一体”，设空处应用动词不定式，表目的。故填to integrate。
⑥考查动词时态。句意：三个月前，这部经典作品在国家表演艺术中心以售罄的演出迎接观众。句中缺少谓语动词，且根据时间状语three months ago可知，应用一般过去时。故填greeted。
⑦考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：《李白》的观看次数超过550万次，回复超过133万次。陈述过去发生的动作用一般过去时态；设空处为谓语动词，Li Bai和view为动宾关系，需用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填was viewed。
⑧考查连词。句意：在中国诗歌史上，李白不是“之一”，而是“唯一”。not...but...为固定短语，意为“不是……而是……”。故填but。
⑨考查冠词。句意：在讲述这位伟大诗人的故事时，中国再次传承了自己的优良传统，以自己的方式弘扬了中国文化。此处“伟大的诗人”特指李白，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
⑩考查介词。句意：同上。pass on为固定短语，意为“传递”。故填on。
阅读理解
1.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据The Dig部分Ralph Fiennes, a famous actor, plays the role of a self-taught archaeologist unearthing the mysteries of an Anglo-Saxon graveyard, adding to its fun.（著名演员拉尔夫 费因斯饰演一位自学成才的考古学家，发掘了盎格鲁-撒克逊人墓地的奥秘，为影片增添了乐趣。）可知The Dig会吸引好奇的历史爱好者。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Local Hero部分 Local Hero digs into the conflict between a giant US oil company and a remote Scottish village when the former plans to build a refinery.（《本地英雄》深入探讨了一家美国巨型石油公司和一个偏远的苏格兰村庄之间的冲突，前者计划建造一座炼油厂。）可知Local Hero的背景是一个偏僻的苏格兰村庄。故选B。
3.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段British cinema boasts a rich diversity of films that weave appealing narratives with stunning landscapes and fascinating characters.These films celebrate the diverse beauty and cultural heritage of Britain.（英国电影拥有丰富多样的电影，这些电影用令人惊叹的风景和迷人的人物编织出吸引人的叙事。这些电影颂扬了英国多样的美景和文化遗产。）可知文章中提到的英国电影的主题是英国风景和人物的美丽和多样性。故选C。Unit 1 Face values Understanding Ideas—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
重点单词
self-critical __________________
dormitory __________________
enlarge __________________
boost __________________
obsessive __________________
pretend __________________
overlook __________________
bother __________________
identical __________________
acknowledge __________________
重点短语
boost one’s confidence __________________
a lack of confidence __________________
pretend to be __________________
tend to do sth __________________
external beauty __________________
make an effort to do __________________
stare at __________________
from head to toe __________________
nothing but __________________
come across __________________
重难知识点
That's why I could never understand my sister, who has 17 lipsticks and can't decide which one to use every morning.
那就是为什么我永远无法理解我姐姐，她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。
It/This/That is why...这/那就是为什么……(why 引导表语从句）
I had a train to catch. That's why I left so early.
我要赶火车，那就是我早早离开的原因。
That is why I have made recommendations in this field.
那就是我在这个领域提出建议的原因。
归纳拓展：
It/This/That is because...这/那是因为……
The reason (why…) is that... (……的)原因是……
If there are things we do not know, it is because we haven't learnt them.有所不知，盖未学也。
The reason why we didn't go was that we were notified too late.
我们没有去的原因是我们得到通知太晚了。
四、基础自测
1.My dear! You don't have to match your l_____(唇膏) exactly to your clothes.
2.The p_____(药片) itself has changed a lot since it first came onto the market.
3.My older brother couldn't be b_____(费心) to play with me.
4."China is impossible to o_____(忽视)," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns".
5.The young girl received a good m_____(打扮) at a barbershop as a birthday gift.
6.The girl used many kinds of ways to remove the f_____(雀斑) on her face.
7.This activity has enriched my knowledge and _____(扩大) my horizons, which is of vital importance to improving my English.
8.He lives in a crowded _____ (/'d :m t ri/) and most of his _____(室友) are very friendly to him.
9.Her years of hard work have finally been a_____(承认) after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
10.I don't want to b______ her with my problems at the moment.
五、拓展练习
1. 阅读理解
I stood in a noisy group of sixth grade students, waiting for the answer to our burning question: What type of crazy tie would Mr. Miller be wearing today
Our teacher walked around the corner with a GREEN ELEPHANT TIE that matched his large elephant coffee cup! Oh, the satisfaction in our young hearts——a green elephant tie!
With his glasses at the tip of his nose, he greeted us cheerfully, "Good morning, folks!" He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.
I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons. But when he turned on the music, my classmates and I slowly turned our heads toward the sound of...Peter Paul and Mary singing "If I Had a Hammer".
Snickers(窃笑) filled the room. If it wasn't rap or hip hop, we didn't recognize it. What were these people singing about My classmates were not into this at all. But for me, a girl of 12, it was a discovery. An awakening.
Twenty years passed and now there are forty little eyes staring at my wild musical-note shirts as I greet them with a joyful, "Good morning, class!" I wonder if my students wait and wonder what crazy music clothes I will wear each day.
I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher. And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on—as I've carried on the legacy(遗产) of Mr. Miller.
One teacher, who dared to be different and open new worlds to kids like me, threw the significant stone into the pond of my life. I pray the ripples(涟漪) never end.
(1)What can we infer about Mr. Miller
A. He was an animal lover.
B. He didn't take his work seriously.
C. He often dressed up in an unusual way.
D. He often asked his students burning questions.
(2)How did the author react to the song "If I Had a Hammer"
A. Puzzled. B. Disappointed.
C. Uninterested. D. Excited.
(3)What does the underlined word "this" in the text refer to
A. A kind heart. B. The smile.
C. A gift for music. D. The love for teaching.
(4)What is the author's purpose in writing this text
A. To prove her love for music.
B. To show a teacher's effect on her.
C. To call on students to take up teaching.
D. To share her experience in music learning.
2. 七选五
Unless you think you're the smartest, who doesn't want to be smarter Of course I want to be smarter too. So I try to find out who's the real smart guy that maybe I can learn from. ① _____
▲ They probably do social media. Not always, but probably. ②_____ They also use this to ensure they can feed their brains with things they otherwise wouldn't have come across.
▲ ③_____ They never bother their head about the problem of "work-life balance" and somehow manage to seem 100% engaged in what they're doing, and they're taking appropriate steps behind the scenes to make sure their lives are well balanced.
▲ They know they are the smartest in the room, but they don't spend much time talking about that. ④_____ That is, they challenge themselves to make everyone else in the room the smartest person too.
▲ They never, ever, under any circumstances, make you look stupid, even though it would be easy to do so. They've learned through bitter experience that the only thing that happens when you make someone look bad is that you look bad yourself.
▲ If they are managers, they will make every effort to get people more connected and more popular than them in their teams. ⑤_____ They're not threatened because they know that smartness is synergistic (相互促进的).
A. It is not only a chance to listen.
B. They know it is an advantage to them.
C. They take it as a personal challenge instead.
D. They will be smiling even when things go wrong.
E. Now I've got an answer about whether someone's smart.
F. They also ensure their smart people look smarter than them.
G. They deal with home, work and personal interests perfectly.
答案以及解析
一、
自我批评的
寝室
增大，扩大
促进，推动
痴迷的
假装，装作
忽视，忽略
（使）苦恼
完全相同的
承认
二、
增强信心
缺乏自信
假装;冒充
倾向于做某事
外在美
努力去做
盯着看
从头到脚
除了
使产生...印象;偶然发现;偶然遇见
四、
1.答案：lipstick
2.答案：pill
3.答案：bothered
4.答案：overlook
5.答案：makeover
6.答案：freckles
7.答案：enlarged
8.答案：dormitory; roommates
9.答案：acknowledged
10.答案：bother
五、
1. 答案：CDDB
推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知，作者的老师系了个绿色的大象领结来搭配他的大象咖啡杯，再根据第三段最后两句可以推断出他经常打扮得与众不同。
细节理解题。根据第四段中“I love music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons.”可知，作者很兴奋。
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段可知，作者想知道哪位学生能像自己一样把老师对自己的影响——对教学的热爱继续下去。
写作意图题。文章前五段介绍了作者的老师对自己的影响，最后三段讲到自己作为老师也希望自己能像自己的老师一样对学生产生影响。所以，文章的写作意图是表明老师对自己的影响。
2. 答案：①-⑤ EAGCF
解析：① 根据前一句So I try to find out who's the real smart guy that maybe I can learn from.（所以我试着找出谁是真正聪明的人，也许我可以向他/她学习。）再结合下文列举了聪明人的五个方面的行为，可知这里用E（现在，我已经知道一个人是否聪明。）符合上下文语境。故选E。
② 选项A中not only与后一句中的also符合逻辑关系，可知选项A符合语境。故选A。
③ 此处是本段的主题句。根据下文的描述，聪明的人从来不会为"平衡工作和生活"这样的事情伤脑筋。他们似乎会全身心地投入正在做的事，他们努力地走好每一步来让生活更加完美、更加平衡。故G（他们完美地处理家庭、工作和个人业余爱好。）符合语境。故选G。
④ 根据后一句That is, they challenge themselves to make everyone else in the room the smartest person too.中的That is可知，这句话是对设空处的解释和说明，they challenge themselves与选项C意义匹配，故选C。
⑤ 前一句意思是：如果他们是经理，他们会努力让团队中的人们比他们更有关联和更受欢迎。而选项F（他们也会确保他们聪明的下属看起来比他们更聪明。）与之构成递进关系，符合语境。故选F。Unit 1 Face values Using language—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
重点单词短语
beyond one's comprehension __________________
novelist __________________
make assumptions about __________________
beast __________________
wretch __________________
open a savings account __________________
one of the main findings __________________
a speech defect __________________
child welfare __________________
a social welfare programme __________________
a born coward __________________
group psychology __________________
a graceful bow __________________
frightful __________________
be loyal to sb./sth. __________________
a timid voice __________________
a monstrous lie __________________
the bookish way of study __________________
a righteous man __________________
kidnap __________________
outward appearance __________________
be captured and tortured __________________
execution __________________
重难知识点
主语从句：
在句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词可分为：
从属连词：在从句中不作成分
连接代词：在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词：在从句中作状语
1. 引导主语从句的连接词：
(1)从属连词：that, whether, if
①that在从句中不充当句子成分，也没有实际意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That smoking is harmful to health is known to everyone.吸烟有害健康，这是大家都知道的。
②whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。if不可引导位于句首的主语从句。
Whether life exists on other planets is not clear yet.其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。
(2)连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等
连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，起连接作用并且有实际意义。
Who will bring up the child hasn't been decided yet. 谁来抚养这个孩子尚未决定。
(3)连接副词：when, where, why, how
when, where, why, how在从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式，起连接作用并且有实际意义。
When we will set off hasn't been decided.我们何时出发还没有决定。
2. 用it作形式主语的主语从句
当主语从句太长时，为了平衡句子结构，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。用it作形式主语的常见句型有：
(1) It+be+形容词+that从句.
常用于该句型的形容词有clear, obvious, true, natural, possible, likely, certain, fortunate, strange, necessary, important等。
It is clear that the girl told a lie.很明显，这个女孩说谎了。
(2) It+be+名词（词组）+that从句.
常用于该句型的名词（词组）有a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等。
It is a pity that your parents didn't permit you to go with us.你父母不允许你和我们一起去，真遗憾。
(3) It+be+过去分词+that从句.
常用于该句型的过去分词有said, believed, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, suggested, hoped等。
It is reported that a violent earthquake happened in Japan. 据报道，日本发生了强烈地震。
3. 使用主语从句时的注意事项
（1）主语从句应用陈述语序
Whether he will be in time for the meeting is doubtful.他能否赶上会议还很难说。
（2）主谓一致问题
①单个从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数形式。但what引导的从句作主语，且what在从句中作宾语时，谓语动词的数应与主句中作表语的名词一致。
When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided yet.我们何时开运动会还没定下来。
②用and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；用两个或两个以上连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
When they will set off and where they will go have not been decided yet.他们何时动身，要去哪里，都还没定下来。
（3）whether引导的主语从句，如果用了形式主语it，引导词whether可以换成if。如果 whether从句位于句首或后面跟or not时，不能换成if。
I don't know whether or not my son can earn his living. 我不知道我儿子是否能自力更生。
三、基础自测
1.George spent all his _____(积蓄) buying a car, making his wife very angry.
2.Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the _____(假设) you've made.
3.Students were asked to conduct a survey and write up their _____(研究的结果) in the form of a report.
4.I only keep frequent contact with a few very close and ______ (忠诚的) friends here.
5.I have the very _______ (敏感的) skin, so I have been afraid to try new products.
6.The scientists also made field observations that supported these laboratory _______ (发现).
7.The program has lived up to its promise to promote family ______ (福利).
8.He spent all his ______ (积蓄) buying an apartment in the center of the city.
9.Dogs are often regarded as humans' _____(/'l l/) friends in almost every culture.
10.These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and w_____ of immigrants.
四、拓展练习
1. 短文填空
Do you have the bad habit of skipping your breakfast Actually, ①_____ you have breakfast or not every day may make a difference to your health. It's reported ②_____ skipping breakfast can raise your risk of getting heart disease by 87 percent.
Some researchers from the University of Iowa analysed 18 years of data on 6,550 people who had no history of heart disease. ③_____ we know from the survey is that 59 percent of the participants ate breakfast every day, but 5.1 percent never did, 10.9 percent rarely did, and 25 percent often skipped breakfast. ④_____ skipping breakfast is closely linked to heart disease has been shown by the data collected by the researchers. People who didn't have breakfast in the morning were up to 87 percent more likely to develop heart disease. Actually, ⑤_____ breakfast is an important meal of the day is a common sense, so ⑥_____ there have been lots of people skipping breakfast over the past50 years is a question worth thinking about.
2. 七选五
How Can I Fight Laziness
Lazy people will never amount to anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind.
①______ Many people always lack sleep, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation(动力) once they arrive home. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest, you can fight laziness throughout the day.
Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more active method, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. ②______
Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations (诱惑) that around them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. ③______ Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.
Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. ④______ Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may finally follow your example and perform their own tasks. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.
⑤______ Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.
A. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal.
B. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.
C. Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.
D. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.
E. To fight family laziness, set an example.
F. Knowing how to fight laziness is essential.
G. Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child.
答案以及解析
一、
1.超出某人的理解力
2.小说家
3.对....进行假设
4.野兽
5.可怜的人
6.开一个储蓄账户
7.重要发现之一
8.言语缺陷
9.儿童福利
10.社会福利计划
11.一个天生的胆小鬼
12.从众心理学
13.优雅的鞠躬
14.可怕的
15.对..忠诚
16.羞怯的声音
17.弥天大谎
18.死抠书本
19.一个正直的人
20.绑架
21.外表
22.被捕并遭拷打
23.处死
三、
1.答案：savings
2.答案：assumption
3.答案：findings
4.答案：loyal
5.答案：sensitive
6.答案：findings
7.答案：welfare
8.答案：savings
9.答案：loyal
10.答案：welfare
四、
1. 答案：①whether②that③What④That⑤that⑥why
解析：①考查从属连词。句意:事实上,你每天是否吃早餐可能会对你的健康产生影响。分析句子结构可知,"①_____ you have breakfast or not every day"为主语从句,设空处引导主语从句,且从句结构完整,不缺少任何成分,设空处有一定意义,表示“是否”,故填whether。注意:if引导主语从句时,只能用it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置。
②考查从属连词。句意:据报道,不吃早餐会使患心脏病的风险增加87%。“It is+过去分词+that...”为固定句式,句中It为形式主语,that 从句为真正的主语。
③考查连接代词。句意:我们从调查中得知,59%的参与者每天都吃早餐,但5.1%的人从不吃早餐,10.9%的人很少吃早餐,25%的人经常不吃早餐。分析句子可知,“③_____ we know from the survey”为主语从句,设空处引导主语从句,在从句中作know的宾语,故填What。
④考查从属连词。句意:研究人员收集的数据显示,不吃早餐与心脏病密切相关。分析句子可知, “④_____ skipping breakfast is closely linked to heart disease”是主语从句,设空处引导主语从句,且从句结构完整,不缺少任何成分,设空处没有实际意义,故填That。
⑤考查从属连词。句意:事实上,早餐是一天中很重要的一餐是一个常识……。分析句子结构可知, “⑤_____ breakfast is an important meal of the day”是主语从句,设空处引导主语从句,且从句结构完整,不缺少任何成分,设空处没有实际意义,故填that。
⑥考查连接副词。句意:……所以为什么在过去的50年里有很多人不吃早餐是一个值得思考的问题。分析句子结构可知,“⑥_____ there have been lots of people skipping breakfast over the past 50 years”是主语从句,结合句意可知,设空处在从句中作原因状语,故填why。
2. 答案：BDGEC
解析：①根据下文中的adjusting your sleep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest可知设空处的内容是:克服懒惰的一个方法就是有充足的睡眠。故选B项。
②根据上文中的Others take a more active method, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone.可知,懒惰常常出现在你无法掌控自己的生活的时候,故选D项。
③根据下文中的Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.可知,你需要为自己创造奖励制度,就像父母为孩子做的一样,故选G项。
④根据上文中的laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately和下文中的Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal.可知,懒惰可能会传递给你的配偶或小孩,要发挥榜样作用,所以如果平时自己主动去干活,其他人也会去做自己的事情,故选E项。
⑤根据下文中的Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle可知,经常锻炼可以帮助你对抗懒惰,故选C项。
