Unit 10 Connections Writing Workshop—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 抵触，冲突，矛盾 ____________
v. 羡慕，妒忌 ____________
v. 收养，领养 ____________
v. 干扰，打扰，使中断 ____________
v. 道歉，谢罪 ____________
v. 给……留下深刻的好印象 ____________
adj. 随机的，随意的 ____________
v. 发表，发布；释放 ____________
v. 扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水 ____________
n. 纽带，联系 ____________
v. 有吸引力 ____________
n. 鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物 ____________
二、重点短语
对……有吸引力 ________________________
请求/ 呼吁…… ________________________
悲伤地 ________________________
同甘共苦 ________________________
三、知识讲解
The festival was highly successful, attracting over 10,000 people from over 20 communities.
这个节日非常成功，吸引了来自20多个社区的10000多人。
此句为简单句，attracting over 10,000 people from over 20 communities为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。
现在分词短语作结果状语
现在分词短语作结果状语，表示必然的结果。它常常位于句末，可与前面的句子一起转换成一个含有并列谓语的简单句。
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
= It rained heavily and caused severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱，在那个国家引发了严重的水灾。
We hurried to the bakery, only to be told that the bread had already been sold out.
我们匆忙赶到面包房，结果被告知面包早已卖光。（出乎意料的结果）
The glass fell to the ground, breaking into pieces.
玻璃杯掉在地上，摔成了碎片。（自然而然的结果）
四、基础练习
1.Parking lot owners should be ______ (legal) responsible for protecting vehicles.
2.Dance can express love and hate, joy and ______ (sorry), life and death, and everything else in between.
3.She has kept up physical training for several years without______ (interrupt).
4.It is high time that we undertook the______ (preserve) of cultural relics in no time.
5.It's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and _____(forgive).
6.He must have suffered something_______ (sorrow), for he was in low spirits for a long time.
7.When books are adapted for movies, certain changes are often necessary in order to make it more visually ______ (appeal) .
8.For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and___________(law) systems.
9.There is no doubt_______ the public is increasingly conscious of the value of excellent community spirit.
10.The smooth progress should be owed______ scientists and engineers and all those whose devotion and hard work has made the space station a reality.
五、拓展练习
Five-year-old Willard Wigan struggled to tell the difference between an M and a W or a 6 and a 9. Unfortunately, his schoolteacher knew nothing about dyslexia(阅读障碍症), a learning disability that can make letters and numbers confusing. She didn't try to help him. Not surprisingly, Willard didn't like school. Usually, his mind drifted—to playing outside, to his dog Maxie, or to the ants that lived near his family's garden shed. Willard was especially curious about those ants. He felt like them—small and insignificant. Thus, when he noticed some ants trying to build a house, he decided to help them! Willard constructed a little building. Then he sprinkled sugar inside to encourage the ants to move in. When they did, Willard built more houses.
At school, Willard still struggled, but now he knew he could do something special. Maybe he wasn't a failure after all. If he had trouble with his reading or math, Willard would later go home and creat tiny furniture for the ant houses. He even built an ant school, with teeny swings, ladders, seesaws, and a merry-go-round. His artistic skill increased, and a love for little things began to grow in his heart.
At age nine, Willard began carving faces on toothpicks. He discovered that his ability improved when he held his breath as he worked. When he quit school at age 15 to help support his family, Willard still spent his spare time carving. His confidence grew as more people appreciated his talent. Eventually, he quit his factory job to pursue his dream of becoming one of the best artists in the world. Now, years later, Willard carves the tiniest artwork in the world! His sculptures are so small that several can fit on a period at the end of a sentence.
Because of their beauty and rarity, his sculptures have made Willard a wealthy man. But he says, "Success isn't about material things like an expensive watch or a costly ring; it's about persevering and achieving your dreams."
Willard Wigan, microsculptor, has done just that. The man who felt small as a boy has shown the world that something small can really be BIG.
11.Which of the following best describes Willard's teacher
A. Sympathetic. B. Unhelpful. C. Impatient. D. Careless.
12.Why did Willard become interested in building homes for ants
A. Because he had a love for little things.
B. Because he was absent-minded in class.
C. Because he wouldn't have to struggle at school.
D. Because he thought they both seemed unimportant.
13.What can we infer from the text
A. Willard gave up his study in school to pursue his dream.
B. Willard became popular when more people appreciated his work.
C. Willard was able to carve small artwork in a short period of time.
D. Willard found a way to make better artwork when he was at school.
14.Which of the following may Willard agree with
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Success belongs to those who don't give up.
C. Dreaming big is the first step in achieving your goals.
D. Talent is sometimes more important for success than hard work.
15.With the popularity of the Internet, many people prefer staying in their comfort homes to interacting (互动) with their neighbors. ①_______ For example, build a friendly relationship with neighbors and make more friends. So here are some ways to help you.
·Use the baking trick.
②_______ If you are too shy to say hello, the act of offering baked treats(烘培糕点) is a good choice to make friends. No one in their right mind would turn down warm cookies. So the baking trick is a win-win for everyone involved(涉及).
·③______
Among the many benefits that come from helping those in need, making new friends is an unexpected one. Whether you're volunteering at a local soup kitchen, organizing a competition, or collecting clothes to donate, giving back to the community(社区) with others is a helpful way to develop new friendships.
·Join a community garden.
Not only does a community garden give you fresh air, but it also makes for a great way to meet new people. ④_______ Community gardens offer an easy way to develop teamwork, raise community spirit, and start an easy conversation.
·Go outside.
Seriously, put down your phone and go outside. ⑤______ Even those who live in big cities will be surprised by how easy it is to run into neighbors. No town is complete without a coffee shop, which is the perfect place to meet the locals, and make new friends.
A. Try community service.
B. Start a private sports club.
C. We want to encourage good teamwork.
D. But there are many reasons to knock on your neighbors' door.
E. Its benefits go beyond having the chances to eat fresh fruit and vegetables.
F. It's not really a trick because it is a delicious and convenient means of achieving friendship.
G. It doesn't matter what you do — walk, run, just explore your neighborhood and meet new people.
答案以及解析
1.答案：legally
解析：考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空格处作状语，应用副词。故填legally。句意：停车场的所有者 应该依法负责保护车辆。
2.答案：sorrow
解析：考查名词。空格处和前面的名词joy并列，应用名词。故填sorrow。句意：舞蹈可以表达爱与 恨，欢乐与悲伤，生与死，以及其间的其他一切事物。
3.答案：interruption
解析：句意为: 她坚持体育锻炼,几年来从未间断。 without interruption 为固定搭配, 意为 “不间断地”, 在句中作状语。故填 interruption。
4.答案：preservation
解析：句意为:我们该立即着手文化遗产的保护工作了。根据空前的定冠词 the 和空后的介词 of 可知, 设空处应为名词,作 undertook 的宾语。故填 preservation。
5.答案：forgiveness
解析：句意为:通过这种经历为积极成长和宽恕留出空间是一种健康的方式。设空处与growth并列,共同作for的宾语,应用名词;forgive的名词形式为forgiveness,为不可数名词。故填forgiveness。
6.答案：sorrowful
解析：句意为: 他一定经历了悲伤的事情, 因为他已经情绪低落了很长时间。根据设空处前面的不定代词可知, 设空处应用形容词作后置定语。故填 sorrowful。
7.答案：appealing
解析：考查形容词。句意：当书籍被改编成电影 时，为了使其在视觉上更具吸引力，通常有必要进行 一些修改。此处使用了make的复合结构“make+宾 语+宾语补足语”，it是宾语，设空处作宾语补足语，根 据语境可知设空处表示“有吸引力的”，且空前有副 词visually修饰，设空处应用形容词appealing。
8.答案：legal
解析：考查形容词。句意：例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育制度和法律制度。作定语应用形容词 legal。故填 legal。
9.答案：that
解析：句意为:毫无疑问, 公众越来越意识到卓越的社区精神的重要性。设空处引导同位语从句, 解释其前面的抽象名词 doubt 的内容, 从句不缺少成分且句意完整, 故填 that。
10.答案：to
解析：句意为: 这一顺利的进展应该归功于科学家和工程师们以及所有那些为使空间站成为现实而奉献和辛勤工作的人们。owe ... to… 为固定搭配, 意为 “把……归功于……”。故填 to。
11.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的"Unfortunately, his schoolteacher knew nothing about dyslexia (阅读障碍症), a learning disability that can make letters and numbers confusing. She didn't try to help him.(不幸的是，他的老师对阅读障碍一无所知，这是一种会使字母和数字混淆的学习障碍。她没有试图帮助他。)"可知，Willard的老师帮不上他忙，可以用unhelpful来描述。故选B。
12.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的"Willard was especially curious about those ants. He felt like them—small and insignificant.(Willard对那些蚂蚁特别好奇。他觉得自己和它们一样—渺小而微不足道。)"可知，Willard对给蚂蚁建房子感兴趣是因为他觉得他和蚂蚁一样，都不重要。故选D。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的"At school...His artistic skill increased, and a love for little things began to grow in his heart.(在学校……他的艺术水平提高了，对小事物的喜爱也开始在他心中滋长。)"可推断出，Willard在上学的时候发现了一种制作更好艺术品的方法。故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的"But he says, "Success isn't about material things like an expensive watch or a costly ring; it's about persevering and achieving your dreams."(但他说："成功不是物质上的东西，比如一块昂贵的手表或一枚昂贵的戒指；这是关于坚持和实现你的梦想。")"可推断出，Willard可能会同意的说法是成功属于那些不放弃的人。故选B。
15.答案：①-⑤ DFAEG
解析：本文是一篇说明文。互联网的流行让很多人宁愿宅在家里也不愿走出家门与邻里互动，文章给出了解决这一问题的办法。
①上文"With the popularity of the Internet, many people prefer staying in their comfort homes to interacting(互动) with their neighbors.(随着互联网的普及，许多人更喜欢呆在舒适的家里而不是与邻居互动)"讲互联网的流行让很多人不愿与邻里走动，下文"For example, build a friendly relationship with neighbors and make more friends. So here are some ways to help you.(例如，与邻居建立友好的关系，结交更多的朋友。所以这里有一些方法可以帮助你)"却讲要与邻居建立友好的关系，上下文有转折关系。D选项"But there are many reasons to knock on your neighbors' door. (但是有很多理由去敲你邻居的门)"起到过渡衔接的作用，下文中"build a friendly relationship with neighbors and make more friends"是"knock on your neighbors' door"的原因之一。故选D。
②结合小标题"Use the baking trick(使用烘焙妙招)"和下文"If you are too shy to say hello, the act of offering baked treats(烘培糕点) is a good choice to make friends.(如果你太害羞而不好意思打招呼，那么提供烘焙糕点是交朋友的一个好选择)"可知，本段讲用烘焙来交友。F选项 "It's not really a trick because it is a delicious and convenient means of achieving friendship.(其实它不是一个"把戏"，因为它是一种美味而便利的获得友谊的方法) "中的"trick"和"a delicious and convenient means of achieving friendship"分别与上下文中的"trick"和"a good choice to make friends"相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选F。
③设空处为本段小标题。根据段中"Among the many benefits that come from helping those in need, making new friends is an unexpected one. Whether you're volunteering at a local soup kitchen, organizing a competition, or collecting clothes to donate, giving back to the community (社区) with others is a helpful way to develop new friendships.(在帮助那些需要帮助的人的许多好处中，结交新朋友是一个意想不到的好处。无论你是在当地的施舍处做志愿者，组织比赛，还是收集衣服捐赠，和别人一起回馈社区都是发展新友谊的好方法)"可知，本段主要讲社区服务好处多，是结交新朋友的好办法。A项"Try community service (尝试社区服务)"能很好地起到概括全段内容，是最佳小标题。故选A。
④根据小标题"Join a community garden.(加入社区花园)"和上文"Not only does a community garden give you fresh air, but it also makes for a great way to meet new people.(社区花园不仅能给你带来新鲜空气，而且是结识新朋友的好方法)"可知，本段主要讲加入社区花园的好处。E选项"Its benefits go beyond having the chances to eat fresh fruit and vegetables. (其好处远不止是吃到新鲜的果蔬)"讲到加入社区花园可以享受到新鲜的果蔬，同时引出下文"Community gardens offer an easy way to develop teamwork, raise community spirit, and start an easy conversation. (社区花园提供了一个简单的方法来发展团队合作，提高社区精神，并开始一个轻松的交谈)"中社区花园的社交功能，与本段主题照应。故选E。
⑤空格前的"put down your phone and go outside.(放下你的手机，到外面去)"提出"到外面去"，G选项"It doesn't matter what you do — walk, run, just explore your neighborhood and meet new people.(不管你做什么，走路，跑步，探索你的社区，认识新朋友)"承接上文，列举了到外面去可以做的事情，同时引出主题"认识新朋友"，句中的"walk, run, just explore your neighborhood"与上文"go outside"相照应。故选G。Unit 10 Connections Lesson 3 Anne of Green Gables—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. (学校等的)食堂，餐厅 ____________
n. 干涉 ____________
n. 不和，冲突，摩擦 ____________
n. 郊区，近郊，城郊 ____________
n. 社会学家 ____________
adj. 两月一次的；一月两次的 ____________
adv. 除此之外，此外 ____________
adv. 经常地，频繁地 ____________
n. 市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区 ____________
n. 山墙，三角墙 ____________
v. 握紧，抱紧 ____________
v. 揭示，揭露；展现，显露 ____________
v. 查明，调查 ____________
v. 颤抖，发抖 ____________
v. 抽噎 ____________
二、重点短语
申请做某事 ________________________
打算做某事 ________________________
在彻底绝望的时候 ________________________
安顿某人上床 ________________________
钻进 ________________________
把……收起来 ________________________
哭泣着进入梦乡 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. They apply to adopt a boy from an orphanage as they need help on their farm.
他们申请从一家孤儿院领养一个男孩，因为他们的农场需要帮助。
此句是主从复合句，其中从属连词as引导原因状语从句。
从属连词as 引导的五种状语从句
（1）as引导原因状语从句
As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material.
由于他是个裁缝，他知道怎样利用这块布料。
（2）as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，往往和 when/ while 通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生
She came up as I was cooking.
她在我做饭时走过来。
（3）as引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
虽然他是个孩子，但他知道的很多。
Much as I like it, I won't buy it.
虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买它。
Young as my sister is, she often gives me encouragement when I am in despair.
虽然我妹妹很年轻，但她经常在我绝望时给我鼓励。
Try as he might, he still found the work in the clinic in the suburb more than a little challenging.
尽管他努力了，他还是觉得郊区诊所的工作很有挑战性。
（4）as表示“按照”“依照”“像”，引导方式状语从句，从句置于主句之后
You should do as the teacher tells you.
你应当按照老师告诉你的去做。
（5）as引导比较状语从句
Jack doesn't study as hard as Tom does.
杰克学习不如汤姆努力。
2. You would cry, too, if you were an orphan and had come to a place...
如果你是个孤儿，来到一个……的地方，你也会哭的。
if 引导的从句是一个虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实 相反的假设，这时条件状语从句中的谓语用一般过去时（be 动词用were），而主句中的谓语用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。
if 引导的虚拟条件句
（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语用一般 过去时（be 动词用were），而主句中的谓语用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原形”。
If I were you, I wouldn't turn down his invitation to the cinema.
如果我是你，我就不会拒绝他看电影的邀请。
If he had time，he should go with you.
如果他有时间，他会和你一起去。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语用过去完成时，主句中的谓语则“would/should/ might/could + have + 过去分词”。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in passing the examination.
如果他采纳了我的建议，他就能成功通过考试。
（3）表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语用一般过去时或“should/were to + 动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/could/might + 动词原形”。
If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
如果明天下雨，足球赛就延期。
if 引导的虚拟条件句中谓语部分有were，助动词had，should时，可省略if，而把were，had，should放在主语前，构成倒装结构。
Were I in his position (= If I were in his position), I wouldn't do it that way.
如果我在他的位置，我不会那么做。
Hadn't you helped me (= If you hadn't helped me), I would have failed.
要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Should it snow tomorrow (= If it should snow tomorrow), what should we do
万一明天下雪，我们该怎么办？
四、基础练习
1.It was clear that he was on the point of ________(burst).
2.He ______ (resolute) refused to speak English unless forced to.
3.Further study is expected, and we expect that the whole incident can ______ (reveal) .
4.He outlined his plans and then proceeded ______ (explain) them in more detail.
5.Don't stand outside ______ (shiver)—come inside and get warm!
6.He was a wonderful father to both his natural and ______ (adopt) children.
7.This was not the first time he ______ (investigate) by the police for fraud.
8.To her ______ (amaze) , her son was grateful for her willingness to call him and sincerely said sorry to her.
9.Without delay, the young man______ (dive) into the lake, swam to the boy and pulled him out.
10.Three apartments in the project ______(finish) as expected by the end of last month.
五、拓展练习
"You'll be blind by the time you're twenty-five," a doctor at Children's Hospital predicted. "Your blood sugars are much too high." It consumed me. No matter where I was or what I was doing, it was overhead like a dark cloud, waiting for just the right opportunity to break open and destroy my world.
I liked painting. Losing myself in painting filled me with peace. Painting provided me with the only place where I could escape from those threatening words.
When I was 2l years old, my right eye went blind. Precisely three months after I was 25, I had a massive hemorrhage(大出血) in my left eye because of an accident. For the next twenty years, vision came and went. I went through many eye operations in an attempt to keep my vision. But after one final operation, I lost the battle and all remaining vision. And I buried all dreams of painting.
Desperate, I enrolled in(注册) a sixteen-week program for the blind and visually impaired(视力受损).I learned personal adjustment and the use of a computer with adaptive software. A whole new world opened up to me through this program as a turning point.
"Jaws and Window-Eyes are leading software for the blind." my instructor told me. "You can use the Internet, e-mail and Microsoft with all its tools and features." It's amazing! Hope went up for the first time in years. "By learning how to use hot keys to control the mouse, you can use Microsoft Access, Excel and PowerPoint," my instructor added.
For the next several years, I learned that when one door closes, another door opens. There are plenty of choices available for the blind and visually impaired through the gift of technology. Not only do I have a speaking computer, but I have a speaking watch, alarm clock and calculator.
11.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 1 refer to
A. Consuming too much sugar.
B. The children's hospital.
C. Losing my eye in the future.
D. Losing my sight in the future.
12.What happened when the author was 25 years old
A. He injured his left eye.
B. He was blind.
C. His right eye got hurt.
D. He took up a new hobby.
13.What brought a turning point to the author
A. An inspiring speech.
B. An important interview.
C. A special program.
D. A meaningful performance.
14.What does the author intend to tell us
A. No pain, no gain.
B. Be positive in the face of life's problems.
C. Everyone has the right to be alive.
D. Stay negative in trouble
15.Tricks to Make Friends at a New School
Starting with a new school can be difficult. Everything seems to be difficult, and you don't even know where to go for your own classes. Making new friends can be hard, too. ①_____
Be yourself.
Never change who you are to try to fit in. If some people don't accept you, they're not the kind of friends you need. ②______ For example, someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot.
Be friendly to others.
③_____ If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you. Also, remember to be as helpful as possible!
④______
When you walk in the halls, don't keep your eyes on the floor. Raise your head and make eye contact with other people. If you see someone you know, smile or say "Hi". Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you're from.
Remember people's names.
You like it when people use your name, and so do other people. ⑤_____ Besides, ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname(昵称). You'd be surprised at how often this might come in handy.
A. Believe in yourself.
B. Join in after-school activities you like.
C. People often stay together because they have similar interests.
D. Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school.
E. These tricks can help you quickly turn some strangers into friends.
F. People may become angry if you just begin by saying "Hey" each time.
G. Don't sit at the back of the classroom where other people don't notice you!
答案以及解析
1.答案：bursting
解析：考查动名词。句意：很明显，他快要崩溃了。be on the point of doing sth.正要做某事。根据句意，故填bursting。
2.答案：resolutely
解析：考查副词。此处修饰谓语动词，应用副词作状语，加强程度。句意：除非被迫，否则他坚决拒绝 说英语。
3.答案：be revealed
解析：考查被动语态。“can ”作从句的 谓语，从句主语the whole incident 与reveal 之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；且空前有情态动词can，故填be revealed。句意：我们期待进一步的研究，并期 望整个事件能够被揭示。
4.答案：to explain
解析：考查动词不定式。proceed to do sth.继续做某事。句意：他概述了他的计划，然后继续更详细 地解释它们。
5.答案：shivering
解析：考查现在分词。此处用现在分词作伴随状语。句意：别站在外面瑟瑟发抖了—进来暖和暖和吧！
6.答案：adopted
解析：考查形容词。句意：他对亲生的和领养的子女都很好。此处修饰名词 children，应用形容词。 由语境可知设空处表示“领养的”，故填adopted。
7.答案：had been investigated
解析：考查动词时态和语态。分析 句子结构可知，此句使用了“This was the first time (that)...”句型，主句谓语动词为一般过去时，所以此处用过去完成时，且主语he与investigate之间为被动 关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态。句意：这不是 他第一次因诈骗而被警方调查了。
8.答案：amazement
解析：考查名词。形容词性物主代词her后应 用名词，to one's amazement 意为“令某人惊讶的 是”，为固定搭配。故填amazement。句意：令她惊讶的是，她的儿子感谢她愿意打电话给他，并真诚地 向她道歉。
9.答案：dived/dove
解析：句意为:这位年轻人马上跳进湖里,游向那个男孩并把他拉出(湖面)。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,设空处与 swam 和 pulled 并列作谓语,应用一般过去时。故填 dived 或 dove。
10.答案：had been finished
解析：考查过去完成时的被动语态。根据句中的时间状语"by the end of last month"可知，空处应用过去完成时；又因为 Three apartments和 finish之间为被动关系，所以空处填had been finished。
11.答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段"'You'll be blind by the time you're twenty-five, 'a doctor at Children's Hospital predicted.('到你二十五岁的时候你就会失明，'儿童医院的一位医生预测说。)"可知，划线词it指的是"在未来会失明"。故选D。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句" Precisely three months after I was 25, I had a massive hemorrhage (大出血) in my left eye because of an accident.(在我二十五岁生日的三个月后，我的左眼因为一次意外而大出血。)"可知，作者25岁时左眼受伤。故选A。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段"Desperate, I enrolled in(注册) a sixteen-week program for the blind and visually impaired(损伤的). I learned personal adjustment and the use of a computer with adaptive software. A whole new world opened up to me through this program as a turning point.(无奈之下，我报名参加了一个为期 16 周的盲人和视障者项目。 我学会了个人调整和使用带有自适应软件的计算机。通过这个项目，我打开了一个全新的世界，这成为我的转折点。)"可知，"一个特殊的课程" 给作者带来了一个转折点。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中"For the next several years, I learned that when one door closes, another door opens. There are plenty of choices available for the blind and visually impaired through the gift of technology.(在接下来的几年里，我了解到，当一扇门关闭时，另一扇门就会打开。 通过技术的馈赠，盲人和视障人士有很多选择。)"可知，作者告诉我们：面对生活中的困难，要乐观。故选B。
15.答案：①-⑤ ECDAF
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在一所新学校里交朋友的方法：1、做你自己；2、对别人友好；3、相信你自己；4、记住别人的名字。
①根据文章标题"Tricks to Make Friends at a New School(在新学校交朋友的技巧)"和上文"Making new friends can be hard, too.(结交新朋友也很难)"及下文小标题可知，文章主要介绍了在新学校交朋友的技巧。由此可知，E选项"这些技巧可以帮助你迅速地把一些陌生人变成朋友。"能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
②根据下文"For example, someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot.(例如，做很多运动的人可能会和那些也经常跑步或游泳的人交朋友)"可知，人们会和有跟自己相似兴趣的人做朋友。由此可知，C选项"人们经常呆在一起，因为他们有相似的兴趣。"符合语境。故选C。
③根据下文"If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad, do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you.(如果你认为你会说一些让他们感到难过的话，不要说任何话，如果他们和你说话，只要点头就可以了)"可知，要对他人友好，不要说一些让别人感到难过的话。由此可知，D选项"记住对你在新学校遇到的人要友好。"符合语境。故选D。
④本句为本段小标题，根据本段内容"When you walk in the halls, don't keep your eyes on the floor. Raise your head and make eye contact with other people. If you see someone you know, smile or say "Hi". Introduce yourself. Tell them your name and where you're from.(当你走进大厅时，不要盯着地板。抬起你的头，与他人进行眼神交流。如果你看到你认识的人，微笑或说"嗨"。介绍你自己。告诉他们你的名字和你来自哪里)"可知，本段主要建议抬起头勇敢与他人交流，介绍自我，面带微笑这些都是建议要保持自信，相信自己。由此可知，A选项"相信自己。"符合语境。故选A。
⑤根据上文"You like it when people use your name, and so do other people.(你喜欢别人用你的名字，别人也一样)"可知，尽量叫别人的名字来打招呼，不要只是简单的"嘿"，这样别人可能认为你不礼貌会生气。由此可知，F选项"如果你每次一开始就说"嘿"，人们可能会生气。"符合语境。故选F。Unit 10 Connections Lesson 2 Community Spirit—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. (互联网上的)论坛，讨论区 ____________
n. 意见不合，分歧，不论 ____________
n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条 ____________
n. 人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系 ____________
adj. 挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的 ____________
n. 成语，习语；警句 ____________
adj. 紧密连结在一起的 ____________
n. 一家人，同住一栋房子的人 ____________
n. 后果 ____________
n. 吃惊，你奇 ____________
v. 继续进行，继续做 ____________
adj. 有泪痕的 ____________
adj. 空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的 ____________
n. 骨头；骨质物 ____________
adj. 坚决地，坚定地 ____________
二、重点短语
此外 ________________________
社会联系 ________________________
参与 ________________________
由……组成 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. They rejected traditional social bonds.
他们拒绝传统的社会联系。
bond
（1）n. 纽带，联系；保释金；结合；枷锁
A bond of friendship has been forged between them.
他们之间形成了一种友谊的纽带。
He was released on $5,000 bond.
他以5000美元取保释放。
to release sb from their bonds 给某人脱去枷锁
（2）v. 使牢固结合，把……紧紧地连接到；增强（与某人的）信任关系
搭配：bond with 与……建立联系
Being close to nature offers you a chance to bond with your children.
亲近大自然让你有机会和孩子建立（亲密）关系。
Second，the weather allows you to bond with colleagues by giving you a shared interest.
其次，通过给你们一个共同的兴趣，天气可以帮你与同事建立感情。
2. In Roseto, almost all households consisted of three generations.
在罗塞托，几乎所有家庭都是三代同堂。
household n. 一家人，同住一栋房子的人 adj. 家庭的
Every household in the district is supposed to be proud of their happy life.
该地区的每个家庭都应该为他们的幸福生活而感到自豪。
There are some similarities between the two households.
这两个家庭之间有一些相似之处。
四、基础练习
1.When I got back to the shop, my bag ______ (take) away by someone else.
2.In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is ______ (frequent) used to cover painful feelings.
3.The young man was in a bad mood as a ______ (consequent) of failing a test.
4.It is very______ (convenient) for him to go to school because the school is rather distant from his home.
5.I would pay regular_______ (visit) to my grandparents living in the country.
6.The working teams______ (consist) of young people are likely to be more productive.
7.They often involve consumers_______ trying the craft themselves.
8.______ we have been separated for many years, we are still close friends.
9.It is not surprising______ great changes have taken place in people's lifestyle.
10.The naughty boy was criticized by his teacher because he talked ______ random in class.
五、拓展练习
To personal trainer Sammy Callari, 13-year-old Parker Seward is more than a client. He's his "little brother". Over the past year, the pair have bonded. They play basketball together, share meals and dance to hip-hop like no one's watching.
The trainer was asked to work with the 13-year-old boy, who has Down syndrome, because his coworker who dealt with the boy was out of town last spring. Callari had never worked with someone with a disability before. He was anxious the first day he met Parker. But Parker's big smile and cheery introduction immediately put him at ease. He reminded Callari of himself when he was a teenager. Like Parker, Callari has also faced his fair share of challenges over the years.
As a high schooler, Callari described himself as being the weak kid. When it came to sports, he was always overlooked. His dream of playing baseball in college quickly faded away. When he went to college, Callari turned to a new sport. His younger brother trained him to become a boxer. Callari participated in five matches. Out of four of those fights he was the underdog, and he won three times. "I know how it feels," Callari said. "Society tells you that you can't do this, you can't do that." When it comes to Parker, Callari refuses to accept the word "can't".
The friends meet twice a week to train. They bike, box, run and work on their core with push-ups. Parker has a short attention span, so it's Callari's job to keep him focused. "If Parker can do it, if he's having fun, even with his frustration, then people will ask, "Why can't I do that " Callari said. "That's the whole task right now."
Callari recalls Parker's mom once thanking him for taking a "chance" on her son. Callari told her he never viewed it that way. Parker may be the student, but Callari says he's also the one who's learning.
11.Why was Callari asked to train Parker
A. They shared the same interests.
B. Parker's parents had faith in Callari.
C. Callari took place of his absent colleague.
D. Callari was an expert in Down syndrome.
12.What can we learn about Callari when he was in high school
A. He was good at sports.
B. He was out of condition.
C. He was looked down upon by everyone.
D. He was influenced deeply by his brother.
13.What attitude does Callari have to Parker
A. Grateful. B. Sympathetic. C. Cautious. D. Critical.
14.What is the text mainly about
A. An inspiring story of a disabled boy.
B. high schooler suffering lots of failure.
C. The friendship between a disabled boy and his personal trainer.
D. Ways of developing friendship with the boy with Down syndrome.
15.How can you build trust when meeting strangers
Say hello.
The quickest and surest way to befriend someone you don't know is to simply say hello.
Approach a stranger that has caught your attention and say something along the lines of, "Hey how's the day going so far " ①___ ____It will likely work best in an environment where social interaction is commonly expected.
②________
People approach one another because they assume that there will be a particular outcome.
The fact is our assumptions about someone affects how you interact with them. You're more likely to build up friendship if you spend more time listening to someone than waiting for them to fulfill your assumptions about them. ③___ ____Doing so will help you get an accurate perspective on who they are quickly.
Keep a positive attitude.
If you run into someone that does not warmly receive a friendly "Hello," don't let this ruin your day. Remind yourself that most people are excited when someone breaks the ice.
When someone turns a cold shoulder to your attempts to start a conversation, note that whatever reason they have for doing so has nothing to do with you. They may have just missed their chance. ④_______
Talk to strangers daily.
Plenty of people are shy, if not fearful, of introducing themselves to strangers. ⑤________While it may feel awkward, fight through your block and make a point of introducing yourself to someone you don't know every day.
A. Be ready to listen.
B. Find common ground.
C. Reach out to someone else instead.
D. Think about what you know about this person.
E. This alone can get a friendly conversation going.
F. The best way to get over this shyness is to ignore it.
G. Focus on listening closely to people you've just met.
答案以及解析
1.答案：had been taken
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：当我回到 商店时，我的包已经被别人拿走了。主句谓语表示的 动作发生在从句谓语表示的动作之前，即“过去的过 去”，应用过去完成时，且主句主语my bag 与take 之 间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填had been taken。
2.答案：frequently
解析：考查副词。空格处应用副词作状语。 故填frequently。句意：在东南亚文化中，微笑经常 被用来掩饰痛苦的感觉。
3.答案：consequence
解析：句意为: 这个年轻人没有通过考试, 因而情绪非常低落。as a consequence of sth 为固定表达,意为“由于某事”, 此处在句中作原因状语。故填 consequence。
4.答案：inconvenient
解析：句意为: 他上学很不方便, 因为学校离他家很远。设空处作系动词 is 的表语,其前有 very 修饰,应用形容词; 根据句意可知,此处表示 “不方便的”,应用 convenient 的反义词。故填 inconvenient。
5.答案：visits
解析：句意为:我过去经常看望在乡下居住的祖父母。pay a visit/visits to 为固定表达,意为“拜访, 看望”, 其中 visit 为可数名词,根据 regular 可知, 设空处应用名词的复数形式。故填 visits。
6.答案：consisting
解析：句意为: 由年轻人组成的工作团队可能更加高效。此处为非谓语动词短语作后置定语, consist of 无被动形式,和被修饰的名词短语 The working teams 之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用 consist 的现在分词形式。故填 consisting。
7.答案：in
解析：句意为: 他们经常让消费者亲身尝试手工制作。involve s in (doing) sth 为固定搭配,意为“使某人参与(做)某事”。故填 in。
8.答案：Although/Though/While
解析：句意为:尽管我们已经分开多年,我们依然是亲密的朋友。根据句意并分析句子结构可知, 设空处引导让步状语从句, 应用从属连词 Although/ Though/While。
9.答案：that
解析：句意为: 人们的生活方式已经发生了很大的改变, 这不足为奇。分析句子结构可知, It 为形式主语, 设空处引导主语从句作真正的主语,引导词在从句中没有词义,且不作成分。故填 that。
10.答案：at
解析：考查介词。句意：这个淘气的男孩因为在课堂上 随意说话而受到了老师的批评。at random随便地， 随意地。
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中"The trainer was asked to work with the 13-year-old boy, who has Down syndrome, because his coworker who dealt with the boy was out of town last spring.(教练被要求治疗这个患有唐氏综合征的13岁男孩，因为他的同事去年春天出城了)"可知，Callari要训练Parker是因为Callari代替他缺席的同事。故选C。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中"As a high schooler, Callari described himself as being the weak kid. When it came to sports, he was always overlooked. His dream of playing baseball in college quickly faded away.(在上高中时，Callari称自己是一个软弱的孩子。在体育方面，他总是被忽视。他在大学打棒球的梦想很快就破灭了)"可知，Callari在中学时他的身体状况不佳。故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Callari recalls Parker's mom once thanking him for taking a "chance" on her son. Callari told her he never viewed it that way. Parker may be the student, but Callari says he's also the one who's learning. (Callari回忆说，Parker的妈妈曾经感谢他给了她儿子一个"机会"。Callari告诉她，他从来没这么想过。Parker可能是学生，但Callari说他也是在学习的人)"可推知，Callari对Parker态度是感激。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段"To personal trainer Sammy Callari, 13-year-old Parker Seward is more than a client. He's his "little brother". Over the past year, the pair have bonded. They play basketball together, share meals and dance to hip-hop like no one's watching.(对于私人教练Sammy Callari来说，13岁的Parker Seward不仅仅是一个客户。他是他的"小弟弟"。在过去的一年里，这两人走到了一起。他们一起打篮球，一起吃饭，一起跳街舞，就像没人在看一样)"结合本文讲述的是一个残疾男孩和他的私人教练之间的友谊。故这篇文章主要讲的是残疾男孩和他的私人教练之间的友谊。故选C。
15.答案：①-⑤ EAGCF
解析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了和陌生人建立友谊的四种方法。
①根据空前"Approach a stranger that has caught your attention and say something along the lines of, "Hey how's the day going so far " (走近一个引起你注意的陌生人，说一些类似这样的话，"嘿，今天过得怎么样 " )"与陌生人打招呼的行为以及空后"It will likely work best in an environment where social interaction is commonly expected. (它可能在社会互动普遍被期待的环境中工作得最好)"的主语"It"指代关系可知，E项"This alone can get a friendly conversation going. (仅凭这一点就能让友好的对话继续下去)"即承接空前的打招呼，说明打招呼的作用，又呼应了空后的"It"指代关系，起到了承上启下的作用。故选E。
②观察格式可知，空处应为小标题。所以根据小标题下面第二段第二句"You're more likely to build up friendship if you spend more time listening to someone than waiting for them to fulfill your assumptions about them. (如果你花更多的时间倾听别人，而不是等待他们实现你对他们的设想，你更有可能建立友谊)"可知，小标题讲的是倾听更有可能建立友谊。A项"Be ready to listen. (准备好倾听)"符合语意。故选A。
③根据空前"You're more likely to build up friendship if you spend more time listening to someone than waiting for them to fulfill your assumptions about them. (如果你花更多的时间倾听别人，而不是等待他们实现你对他们的设想，你更有可能建立友谊)"可知，倾听更有可能建立友谊，此为方法。结合选项G"Focus on listening closely to people you've just met. (注意仔细听你刚认识的人说话)"可知，此为具体实践，前后语意一致，符合逻辑。故选G。
④根据第三个小标题"Keep a positive attitude. (保持积极态度)"以及小标题下面第二段"When someone turns a cold shoulder to your attempts to start a conversation, note that whatever reason they have for doing so has nothing to do with you. They may have just missed their chance. (当有人对你的谈话态度冷淡时，请注意，无论他们这样做的原因是什么，都与你无关。 他们可能只是错过了机会)"可知，当别人态度冷淡时，要知道这都与你无关。你应该态度积极，去找别人说话。结合选项C"Reach out to someone else instead. (去找别人吧)"符合语意。故选C。
⑤根据空前"Plenty of people are shy, if not fearful, of introducing themselves to strangers. (很多人在向陌生人介绍自己时，如果不是害怕，也是害羞的)"可知，人们在向陌生人介绍自己时会害羞。结合选项F"The best way to get over this shyness is to ignore it. (克服这种害羞的最好方法就是忽略它)"可知，在讲如何克服害羞。承接空前句子，符合逻辑。故选F。Unit 10 Connections Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We？—高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 诊所 ____________
n. 美术馆，画廊 ____________
n. 面包烘房，糕饼店 ____________
n. 叹息，叹气 ____________
n. 学说，理论 ____________
v. 胆敢，敢于 ____________
n. 食品杂货；超级市场 ____________
n. 体育场，运动场 ____________
n. 包裹 ____________
n. 水龙头 ____________
n. 原谅，宽恕 ____________
n. 皇帝 ____________
n. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅 ____________
n. 干预 ____________
n. 孤儿 ____________
n. 绝望 ____________
n. 枕头 ____________
v. 皱眉 ____________
n. 债务，欠款 ____________
n. 贷款 ____________
二、重点短语
社交媒体 ________________________
和……交流 ________________________
做笔记 ________________________
参考 ________________________
和……连接 ________________________
试图做某事 ________________________
把……运送到…… ________________________
双月刊；半月刊 ________________________
现场直播 ________________________
以……为基础 ________________________
把……与连接/联系起来 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. For example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based on the concept of “Six Degrees of Separation”.
例如，奥斯卡获奖影片《通天塔》就是基于“六度分隔”这一概念。
be based on 基于，以……为根据；在……基础上
base...on/upon... 使……以……为基础/ 根据
People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often random rather than based on fixed criteria.
人们抱怨，批准或拒绝许可的决定往往是随机的，而不是根据固定的标准。
In my diary, I set down a series of things that was based on facts.
在我的日记里，我记下了一系列有事实根据的事情。
2. “Six Degrees of Separation” refers to the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
“六度分隔”理论说的是地球上任何人都可通过不超过另外五个人的联结与其他任何一个人联系起来。
that引导同位语从句，解释说明the theory的具体内容
在复合句中，充当同位语成分的从句称为同位语从句。由that 或wh- 类连接词引导，常放在 doubt, fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, impression等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体内容。
He left the first impression to us that he was not only handsome but also reliable.
他给我们的第一印象是他不仅英俊而且可靠。
3. The people sending the packages only knew the name, job and general location of the stranger.
这些寄送包裹的人只知道这位陌生人的姓名、工作和大致的位置。
现在分词短语 sending... 作后置定语，修饰 The people，相当于定语从句（who sent...）。被修饰词The people 与send 之间是主动关系。
现在分词（短语）作定语时，其逻辑主语与分词动作之间存在主动关系，表示主动。
The child standing over there is my brother.
站在那边的那个孩子是我的弟弟。
The girl working in the bakery is a graduate who chose the independent employment.
在面包店工作的那个女孩是一个选择独立就业的毕业生。
四、基础练习
1.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______(follow).
2.Peking University was ________ (establish) in 1898.
3.I was________ (issue) a driving license after passing all the tests.
4.He is one of the students who ________ (praise) at yesterday’s meeting.
5.Yesterday the boy________ (lecture) by his mother about the way he dressed.
6.But even more than 600 years after it _______ (build),it’s still managing to serve up surprises.
7.First______________(impress)is very important, because you never get a second chance to make another one.
8.Sofia gave us the ________ (impress) that she was anxious about everything.
9.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.
10.The most important part Mary expects is receiving the ______ (encourage) of friends and teachers.
五、拓展练习
Sammie Vance is an extraordinary kid. She was just named one of People's Girls Changing the World in 2021, and she is only 12 years old.
The seventh grader from Indiana is collecting bottle caps to upcycle them into benches for her school and neighborhood parks. But these benches are more than just for sitting. There are many kids in her school who have trouble in finding friends.
Sammie learned about buddy benches at a camp she attended one summer. At the camp, there were benches set up when children felt lonely. They would sit down signaling to other kids that they were in need of a friend.
She loved the idea and told others, "This would be really cool to have them at my school." Then she sprang into action by initiating a meeting with her president and the Parent-Teacher Association to present her idea.
Sammie used a comic strip she created showing how a simple bench could help classmates understand when one of their own needed a friend. The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches.
Sammie continued her efforts and expanded her project to collect more benches for other schools. She made an online page where she calls for others to follow her journey and make bottle cap donations.
Today, Sammie has helped fix 200 recycled benches in schools and neighborhoods and she has no plans of stopping. She knows first-hand that a young age has no limitations to impacting the world. "I just look forward to making a difference," she said, "and inspiring other people to make a difference."
11.Why did Sammie want to set up buddy benches
A. She was in need of friends.
B. She wanted to win recognition.
C. She had to finish an assigned project.
D. She intended to help kids make friends.
12.What made a deeper impression on adults
A. Sammie's comic strip.
B. Sammie's strong determination.
C. Sammie's plan of making benches.
D. Sammie's meeting with the president.
13.Which of the following best describes Sammie
A. Demanding. B. Honest. C. Caring. D. Humorous.
14.What is the best title for the text
A. More Donations Have Come as a Help
B. This Kind-hearted Girl Inspires Friendship
C. A Young Girl Is Named People's Girl
D. 200 Buddy Benches Are Equipped in Schools
15.Friendships can be equally demanding and rewarding, whether you've been friends for a long time or have just started communicating with one another. ①_______
You can text each other frequently. Texting is a great way to keep up with each other's daily events and routines. Although you may be apart from one another, texting is a great way to get immediate access to each other's lives. ②_______ You can share a picture or selfie from time to time to make others know more about your recent life.
You can mail each other handwritten letters. Sending handwritten letters is a great way to keep connected while also adding a personal and thoughtful touch. Taking the time to write a letter shows your appreciation for the relationship. ③______ Or, you can just send them a surprise letter out of the blue!
④______ There are many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you are not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time. ⑤_______ Besides, you can start reading a book together or stream a movie together while you video chat.
A. You can plan a visit when possible.
B. You can find things you can do together while apart.
C. So it's in your best interest to stay in touch with your friends.
D. Handwriting their birthday card every year is a smart choice.
E. It can also be an opportunity to learn more about each other's experiences.
F. There are many effective ways to keep in touch, stay connected and develop your friendship.
G. For example, you can watch the same shows at the same time and share feelings afterwards.
答案以及解析
1.答案：was being followed
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：他匆匆忙忙地赶到家，从没有回头看他是否被跟踪。根据主句谓语hurried及句意可知，此处应用过去进行时。if引导的宾语从句中，he和follow之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。
2.答案：established
解析：设空与was一起构成谓语，表示被动，被动语态的基本结构为be done。故填established。
3.答案：issued
解析：考查语态。句意：通过了所有的考试后，我获得了驾驶执照。设空在句中与was一起构成谓语，主语I与issue之间为被动关系，所以用动词的过去分词形式。故填issued。
4.答案：were praised
解析：考查主谓一致以及被动语态。句意：大卫是昨天被校长表扬的学生之一。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语部分。根据句意可知，关系代词“who”指代的先行词是“those students”，为复数，在从句中作主语。根据yesterday可知，从句为一般过去时态，主语和谓语动词之间为动宾关系，所以从句中用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填were praised。
5.答案：was lectured
解析：根据时间状语yesterday，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，lecture和主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为名词单数，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填：was lectured。
6.答案：was built
解析：考查语态。句意：但即使是在它建成600多年后，它仍能带来惊喜。根据句意，此处应使用被动语态；再根据even more than 600 years after可知，应使用一般过去时。故填was built。
7.答案：impression
解析：考查名词。句意：第一印象很重要，因为你永远不会再有一个给别人留下第一印象的机会。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是名词impression“印象”，可数名词，此处作为主句主语，由谓语动词is可知用单数名词。故填impression。
8.答案：impression
解析：分析句子可知，此处作宾语，应用名词impression,特指下文提到的印象，应用名词单数前面加定冠词。故填：impression。
9.答案：was held
解析：根据I had a strong desire可知是一般过去时，I和hold之间是被动关系。故填was held.
10.答案：encouragement
解析：考查名词。根据空前的定冠词 the和空后的of 可知，空格处应用名词。句意：玛丽 期待的最重要的部分是得到朋友和老师的鼓励。
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段"There are many kids in her school who have trouble in finding friends.(在她的学校里有很多孩子找不到朋友)"可知，Sammie设置交友椅的目的是帮助交友有困难的孩子们结交朋友。故选D。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches.(大人们肯定对她的主动性印象深刻，但更深刻的是她计划如何制作长凳)"可知，大人们对她计划如何制作椅子更加印象深刻。故选C。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段"Sammie used a comic strip she created showing how a simple bench could help classmates understand when one of their own needed a friend. The adults were surely impressed by her initiative but were more impressed with how she planned to make the benches.( Sammie用了她创作的连漫画，展示了一张简单的长凳如何帮助同学们理解自己的同学何时需要朋友。大人们肯定对她的主动性印象深刻，但更深刻的是她计划如何制作长凳)"再综合全文可知，Sammie通过把瓶盖升级改造成交友椅来帮助那些需要交朋友的人。由此可推断，她是一个关心他人的人。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了12岁的小女孩Sammie参加夏令营时受到启发，通过把瓶盖升级改造成交友椅来帮助那些需要交朋友的人。B选项"善良的女孩激发了友谊"最符合文章标题。故选B。
15.答案：①-⑤FEDBG
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法。
①由第二段段首句"You can text each other frequently. (你们可以经常发短信)"，第三段首句"You can mail each other handwritten letters. (你们可以互相邮寄手写信件)"和最后一段中"Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time. (一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一种优质时间)"可知，下文在讲和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的方法，F选项"有很多有效的方法可以保持联系，保持联系，发展友谊。"总起下文内容。故选F。
②由第二段段首句"You can text each other frequently. (你们可以经常发短信)"可知作者建议通过发短信来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，E选项"这也可以是一个了解彼此经历的机会。"和上文"Although you may be apart from one another, texting is a great way to get immediate access to each other's lives. (尽管你们可能彼此分开，但发短信是一种很好的方式，可以直接了解彼此的生活)"一起表明发短信和朋友保持联系、发展友谊的好处。故选E。
③由第三段首句"You can mail each other handwritten letters. (你们可以互相邮寄手写信件)" 可知作者建议通过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，D选项"每年手写生日卡是一个明智的选择。"和上文"Taking the time to write a letter shows your appreciation for the relationship. (花时间写信表明你对这段关系的赞赏)"及下文"Or, you can just send them a surprise letter out of the blue! (或者，你可以突然给他们发封惊喜信)"是"通过互相邮寄手写信件来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊"的举例说明。故选D。
④由下文"There are many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you are not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time. (尽管你们不在同一个地方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一段宝贵时光)"可知，下文在讲与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，承接下文，B选项"你可以找到在分开时可以一起做的事情。"可作为本段主题句。故选B。
⑤由上文"There are many activities that can be mutually enjoyed even though you are not in the same location. Doing things together will help maintain a bond and can also be a form of quality time. (尽管你们不在同一个地方，但有许多活动可以相互共享。一起做事情有助于保持联系，也可以是一段宝贵时光)"可知本段在讲与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊，G选项"例如，你们可以在同一时间观看相同的节目，然后分享感受。"和下文"Besides, you can start reading a book together or stream a movie together while you video chat. (此外，您可以在视频聊天时开始一起看书或一起观看电影)"是"与朋友分开时，可以通过一起做事情来和朋友保持联系、发展友谊"的举例说明。故选G。
