Unit 8 Green Living Writing Workshop—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 居民 ____________
n. 官员，高级职员 adj. 小公务员的；官方的 ____________
n. 看法；态度 ____________
n. 百分比，百分率 ____________
n. 大多数 ____________
n. 废弃物填埋场 ____________
adv. 每年，一年一度地 ____________
n. 增长，加强 ____________
n. 水灾，洪水泛滥 ____________
二、重点短语
参加 ________________________
削减，缩减 ________________________
空调系统 ________________________
总之 ________________________
想出，想到 ________________________
三、知识讲解
As the diagram shows, the percentage of those who felt that they needed to help protect the environment is as high as 96%.
如图所示，那些认为他们需要帮助保护环境的人的百分比高达96%。
as the diagram shows是一个定语从句，as是关系代词，指代后面的整个句子。
as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引导非限定性定语从句，往往指代一整句话，通常表示“正如”。as引导非限制性定语从句时位置比较灵活，可以放在先行词之前、之后或中间。
As is known to us all, the moon travels around the earth.
众所周知，月亮绕着地球转。
As is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.
正如报纸上所报道的，两国之间的谈判有所进展。
Grammar is not a set of dead rules, as has been said above.
如上所说，语法并不是一套死条文。
as也能引导限制性定语从句，当先行词被such或the same修饰时，关系代词用as。
I never heard such stories as he told.
我从未听他讲过那样的故事。
They made the same mistakes as others would have made.
他们犯了别人犯过的错误。
四、基础练习
1.He made an outstanding _____(contribute) to science.
2.Eighty percent of the workers in this company________(be)women.
3.The attention _____(pay) to the growth and development of women is far from enough.
4.Large amounts of vegetation(植被) _____(consume) by animals, which reduced plant diversity in the park.
5.Many experts advocate _____(reward) your child for good behaviour.
6.The college is not an______ (official) recognized English language school.
7.We are advised to have a physical examination______ (annual).
8.There are clear______ (indicate) that the economy is improving.
9.The______ (major) of the students surveyed prefer e-books to paper books.
10.Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events______ (happen) only yesterday.
五、拓展练习
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. "The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks," she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful." Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. "We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently," Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. "They get outside," she says, "and they feel successful."
11.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
12.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids' parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
13.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
14.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens. B. Experiencing Country Life.
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers. D. Changing Local Landscape.
15.Green travel is becoming more and more popular. Travelers are changing their usual holiday places through green travel. It is not only good for the earth, but also for the experience of the trip. ①___ ___
Choose a green place.
②_____If you are one of those travelers, start by choosing a green place. Travelers should look at places that are friendly to the environment.
③_______
Travelers should know something about green hotels before they book. Some hotels host educational talks to help their guests make green choices, other hotels will use signs and brochures to educate the guests.
Use public transport, hire a bike or walk.
It may seem easy to drive a private car to see the sights, but it is not good for the environment. To reduce the carbon emissions(排放), why not use public transport？④______ride a bike or walk.
Choose to eat local.
Many travelers want to visit local homes and taste home cooked meals. Eating locally made a good influence(影响) on a country.
Say no to plastic.
One of the biggest problems in the world is the use of plastic. Green travelers can reduce the use of plastic by taking part in clean-up activities. ⑤ ___ ___ travelers have to find practical ways of dealing with it.
A. Choose a green hotel.
B. If the places are nearby
C. Since plastic is everywhere
D. Have you made the right decision
E. Choose a friend to travel with you.
F. The following are the ways of green travel.
G. Do you want to make a difference in the world
答案以及解析
1.答案：contribution
解析：根据冠词an可知，设空处应填名词单数作宾语，故填：contribution.
2.答案：are
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这家公司百分之八十的工人是妇女。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且“分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以of后面的名词而定，percent后的名词是workers,所以用动词复数。故填are。
3.答案：paid
解析：句意为: 对女性的成长和发展的关注还远远不够。固定短语pay attention to意为"关注......", pay与attention为逻辑上的被动关系, 应用过去分词作后置定语。
4.答案：were consumed
解析：句意为: 大量的植被被动物吃掉, 这减少了公园植物的多样性。固定短语large amounts of意为"大量的; 许多的", 其后常接不可数名词, 谓语动词用复数形式, 此处consume与主语为被动关系, 且根据定语从句中的reduced可知, 此处应用一般过去时, 故填were consumed。
5.答案：rewarding
解析：句意为: 很多专家提倡对孩子的良好表现进行奖励。advocate意为"提倡", 后常接动名词作宾语, 故此处填rewarding。
6.答案：officially
解析：考查副词。句意:那所学院不是官方认可的英语语言学校。设空处修饰recognized,故用副词形式。
7.答案：annually
解析：考查副词。句意:建议我们每年做体检。设空处修饰 have,应用副词形式
8.答案：indications
解析：考查名词及其单复数。句意:有明显的迹象显示经济正在好转。设空处被形容词clear修饰,应用名词形式,由前面的are可知,应用名词复数形式。
9.答案：majority
解析：考查名词。句意:被调查的大部分学生喜欢电子书胜过纸质书。the majority of...意为“大多数……”,故填 majority。
10.答案：had happened
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意:童年的记忆清晰地浮现在我的脑海中,就好像这些事情就发生在昨天。as if引导的状语从句描述的内容与过去事实相反,应用虚拟语气,谓语用过去完成时,故填 had happened。
11.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段"Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts"可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的创始人。故选D。
12.答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"'The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,' she says. 'They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.'"和"some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt"可知，项目刚开始时，一些孩子不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
13.答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues."可知，该项目影响深远。故选A。
14.答案： C
解析：标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，通过带领学生们种植蔬菜让他们对园艺产生兴趣的故事。故选C。
15.答案：①-⑤ FGABC
解析：这是一篇说明文。绿色旅游越来越受欢迎。旅客们正通过绿色旅游改变他们通常的度假地点。它不仅有利于地球，也有利于旅行的经验。文章提出了一些进行绿色旅游的方法。
①结合下文为列举绿色旅游的方式可知F选项"以下是绿色旅游的方式。"符合语境。故选F。
②结合下文If you are one of those travelers，start by choosing a green place. Travelers should look at places that are friendly to the environment.(如果你是这些旅行者中的一员，那就从选择一个绿色的地方开始吧。旅行者应该看看那些对环境友好的地方。)可知选择环境友好的地方是绿色旅游改变世界的一种方式。故选G。
③根据下文Travelers should know something about green hotels before they book.(旅客在订票前应该了解一下绿色旅馆。)中green hotels可对应到A选项Choose a green hotel.(选择绿色旅馆。)符合本段主要内容。故选A。
④根据下文ride a bike or walk.(骑自行车或步行。)可知如果地点在附近的话，尽量选择汽车或步行也是绿色旅游的一种方式。故选B。
⑤根据上文Green travelers can reduce the use of plastic by taking part in clean-up activities._(绿色旅行者可以通过参加清洁活动来减少塑料的使用)中plastic可对应到C选项Since plastic is everywhere(既然塑料无处不在)与下文travelers have to find practical ways of dealing with it.(旅行者必须找到切实可行的方法来解决这个问题。)前后文语境相符。故选C。Unit 8 Green Living Lesson 2 Greening the Desert—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 海报 ____________
n. 盈利，利润 ____________
n. 联合会 ____________
vi. 发生 ____________
n. 农业 ____________
n. 建议，提议 ____________
n. 地区，区域 ____________
adj. 微小的；苗条的；薄的 ____________
adj. 普通的；平常的 ____________
n. 墓碑 ____________
vt. 克服(困难)；控制(感情) ____________
二、重点短语
建立这样一个组织 ________________________
过着满足的生活 ________________________
调整(情绪) ________________________
吹走 ________________________
三、知识讲解
Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.
虽然树木能存活的可能性似乎很小，但困难并没有阻止她的尝试。
此句为although引导的让步状语从句，让步状语从句中又含有that 引导的同位语从句 that the trees could survive，补充说明chance的内容。
同位语从句
同位语从句的格式：n. + 连接词 + 从句。能接同位语从句的名词有：fact, idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice, doubt等抽象名词。连接词通常是that，也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where等来引导同位语从句。
He gave us many suggestions that we should get up earlier and take more exercise.
他给了我们许多建议，建议我们早点起床，多锻炼身体。
I have no doubt that he will win.
我毫不怀疑他会赢。
I have no idea where he comes from.
我不知道他来自哪里。
四、基础练习
1.It suddenly _____(occur) to me that I had left my key in the office.
2.What do you think of his proposal that the meeting _____(put) off to next week
3._____(determine) is a kind of basic quality and it is what it takes to do jobs well.
4.Having made his first film earlier this year, he is _____(current) starting a new one.
5.In order to save humanity, a group of young people came out bravely and fought hard for everyone's ______(survive).
6.Our proposal that we______ (hold) a sports meeting was rejected.
7.After listening to the lecture, they determined ______ (join) the volunteer organization.
8.There______ (be) something highly exciting and someone interesting in his memory.
9._____(found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
10.The Speech Club is well______ (organise) so that all members are able to have the opportunity to speak at every club meeting.
五、拓展练习
When an empty parking spot appears before us, many of us would see it for what it is—a place that could be filled with cars and trucks. But to eco-engineer Shubhendu Sharma, it's a space to be planted with trees and turned into a forest.
What's more, he believes these tiny forests can grow anywhere, including our most crowded and polluted cities where they can help maintain clean air and water and provide habitat for animals and insects. "A forest is not an isolated piece of land where animals live together, "says Sharma. "A forest can be a complete part of our urban existence." Most of us know just how important trees are to our health and to the planet. Yet millions of hectares of forest are cleared every year due to farming, ranching, logging and construction. The World Wildlife Fund estimates that 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest and surrounding ecosystems have already been lost.
Inspired by the work of Japanese scientist Akira Miyawaki, Sharma built a forest in the backyard of his family's home in northern India in 2010. He planted 100 young trees in the 75-square-metre plot. They grew and a dozen species of birds came to check them out. The plantings created welcome shade, and their roots were able to absorb even the abundant monsoon (季风) rains. After a year, he had his own forest. Since then, Sharma has founded a company called Afforestt. Its top priority is to bring back natural forests to places where they no longer exist. So far, Afforestt has planted 144 forests in 45 cities around the world. Sharma has shown you can take a space—the size of six or seven parking spots and create a forest with 100 trees. Ready to create your own tiny forest If your answer is yes, let's follow Sharma's 5-step procedures to grow our own forests.
11.What may ordinary people regard a parking spot as
A.A place for parking vehicles. B.A place for planting trees.
C.A place for building houses. D.A place for producing cars and trucks.
12.What does the underlined word "they" refer to in Paragraph 2
A.Cities. B.Forests.
C.Air and water. D.Animals and insects.
13.How many trees has Afforestt planted
A.45. B.144. C.224. D.14,400.
14.What will be talked about in the following paragraphs
A.How to create a forest. B.Why we should plant trees.
C.What kind of forest we need. D.Who will follow the steps.
15.Greening the Kubuqi Desert
China has seen great achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past 70 years. Solid efforts have been made to fight pollution and continuously improve the environment.
①______ It caused deadly sandstorms, which arrived like big black walls reaching up into the sky.
As President Xi Jinping has said, clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets(资产). ②______
A series of campaigns have been carried out by the central government to improve the environment. ③______ Thanks to the program, forest coverage in China had increased from 12 percent in the 1980s to nearly 23 percent last year.
④______ It has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification(沙漠化).
In Kubuqi, a desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Elion has greened 600,000 hectares of land and helped lift more than 102,000 people out of poverty through the development of solar energy and tourism, as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.
In addition, the group's techniques have also been used in many ecological(生态的) programs, including Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.
"⑤______ With the help of modern technologies, such as drones, AI, big data and the internet of things, we are sure to achieve greater success," said Ao Baoping, chief executive officer of Elion Green Land Technology.
A. Once the environment gets better, we will live a happier life.
B. For example, in 1998, China started the Natural Forest Protection Program.
C. Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s.
D. Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group.
E. Pollution is getting worse and worse nowadays.
F. Efforts to create "green" areas have played a crucial role in the country's fight against desertification.
G. We will come up with new ways to improve our ability to control the sand.
答案以及解析
1.答案：occurred
解析：句意为: 我突然想到我把钥匙落在办公室了。固定句型It occurs/occurred to sb that...意为"某人突然想到......", 根据下文had left可知, 此处应填一般过去时, 故填occurred。
2.答案：be put
解析：句意为: 他提议把会议推迟到下周, 你认为如何 proposal意为"提议; 建议", 后面的名词性从句应用虚拟语气, 即从句谓语用"should+动词原形", should可以省略。设空处与从句主语meeting为被动关系, 故填be put。
3.答案：Determination
解析：句意为: 决心是一种基本品质, 是做好工作所必需的。分析句子结构可知, and连接两个并列分句, 设空处作第一个分句的主语, 根据语境可知应填名词determination, 意为"决心; 毅力"。
4.答案：currently
解析：句意为: 今年早些时候他拍摄了第一部电影, 他目前正在开始(拍摄)一部新的电影。设空处为时间状语, 应填副词currently, 意为"当前; 现时"。
5.答案：survival
解析：句意为: 为了拯救人类, 一群年轻人勇敢地站出来为每个人的生存而斗争。everyone's为名词所有格形式, 其后应填名词survival, 意为"继续生存"。
6.答案：hold
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意:我们举办运动会的建议被否决了。proposal 后面的同位语从句通常用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,should 可以省略,故填hold。
7.答案：to join
解析：考查固定用法。句意：听完讲座后，他们决定加入这个志愿者组织。determine to do sth.决定做某事。
8.答案：is
解析：考查主谓一致。句意:他的记忆中有一些非常令人兴奋的事情和有趣的人。在 there be句型中,be动词的形式应遵循就近原则,与邻近的主语即something保持一致,故填is。
9.答案：Founded
解析：句意为: 建于20世纪早期, 这所学校一直在激发学生对艺术的热爱。found是及物动词, 意为"建立", 此处应用非谓语动词作状语, 设空处与其逻辑主语the school为被动关系, 故填过去分词形式表示完成和被动。
10.答案：organised
解析：考查过去分词。句意:演讲俱乐部组织良好,因此所有会员都能有机会在每次的俱乐部会议上发言。The Speech Club与 organise之间为被动关系,故用其过去分词形式。
11.答案：A
解析：1.细节理解题。由文章第一段中的When an empty parking spot appears before us...a place that could be filled with cars and trucks.可知, 大部分人会把空着的停车点当作停放汽车的场所。故选A项。
12.答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。由文章第二段中的What's more, he believes these tiny forests can grow anywhere, including our most crowded and polluted cities where they can help maintain clean air and water and provide habitat for animals and insects.可知, they代指其前出现的复数名词forests。故选B项。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的So far, Afforestt has planted 144 forests和Sharma has shown you can take a space—the size of six or seven parking spots and create a forest with 100 trees.可知, 到目前为止, Afforest已经种了144片森林。每片森林有100棵树, 所以Afforestt种了14,400棵树。故选D项。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Ready to create your own tiny forest If your answer is yes, let's follow Sharma's 5-step procedures to grow our own forests.可知, 接下来的段落会讲述培育森林的方法。故选A项。
15.答案：①-⑤ CFBDG
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国治沙取得的成就，已从"沙进人退"到"绿进沙退"。
①根据后句"It caused deadly sandstorms, which arrived like big black walls reaching up into the sky.(它造成了致命的沙尘暴，沙尘暴就像一堵又大又黑的墙直达天空)"说明了沙尘暴的严重性，可知，荒漠化是20世纪90年代的一个严重问题。故选C。
②根据前句"As President Xi Jinping has said, clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets(资产)." 正如习近平主席所说，绿水青山就是金山银山。正是因为国家的重视，所以，国家在参与荒漠化的斗争中发挥了关键作用。故选F。
③根据前句"A series of campaigns have been carried out by the central government to improve the environment. 中央政府开展了一系列的活动来改善环境"和后句"Thanks to the program, forest coverage in China had increased from 12 percent in the 1980s to nearly 23 percent last year.(多亏了这个项目，中国的森林覆盖率已从20世纪80年代的12%增加到去年的近23%。) 中的关键词the program提示可知，在1998年，中国启动了天然林保护计划。故选B。
④根据后句"It has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification(沙漠化)."中的a desert eco-industry(沙漠生态工业)提示可知，这里举的另外一个例子，即the Elion Resources Group(亿利资源集团)。故选D。
⑤根据后句"With the help of modern technologies, such as drones, AI, big data and the internet of things, we are sure to achieve greater success(借助无人机、人工智能、大数据、物联网等现代技术治理沙漠，我们取一定会取得更大的成功"可知，此处讲述运用新的方法来提高治沙的能力。故选G。Unit 8 Green Living Lesson 3 White Bikes on the Road—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. (车辆等的)停放 ____________
adv. 因此；由此 ____________
n. 小径，小道 ____________
n. 目的地；终点 ____________
n. 运输；交通 ____________
vi. & vt. 骑 n. 踏板 ____________
二、重点短语
想出一个办法 ________________________
减少污染 ________________________
不久以后 ________________________
在几周的时间内 ________________________
计算机跟踪系统 ________________________
全球性增长 ________________________
享受锻炼的好处 ________________________
幸亏 ________________________
停放 ________________________
三、知识讲解
They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.
他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。
此句为that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句，所以that不可省略；条件状语从句中含有and引导的并列句，其中 only bicycles were是一个省略句，完整的结构为：only bicycles were allowed in the city centre。
that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时，在以下情况that不可省略：
①主语从句
②表语从句
③同位语从句
④用it作形式宾语的宾语从句
⑤宾语从句中含有主从复合句
⑥主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语或者主句的状语
It is a pity that he has made such a mistake.
很遗憾他犯了这样的错误。
The reason is that he is careless.
原因是他粗心大意。
The news that our team won the match inspired us.
我们队赢得比赛的消息鼓舞了我们。
I don't think it necessary that you should read English aloud.
我认为你不必大声朗读英语。
They promised me that if I worked hard from then on, they would buy me a computer.
他们答应我，如果我从那时起努力工作，他们会给我买一台电脑。
I don't doubt, in any case, that we will win.
无论如何，我不怀疑我们会赢。
注意：and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略也可以不省略，但其它that不能省略。
He told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.
他告诉我他父亲去世了，他不得不独自谋生。
四、基础练习
1.People in Amsterdam ______ (enjoy) the benefits of cycling for years.
2.It was ______ (amaze) how my mother coped with bringing up three children on less than thirty dollars a week.
3.A lot of traditional customs ______ (disappear) with the development of the society
4.San Francisco plans to set up free, universally available wireless access to the Internet, _____(know) as Wi-Fi.
5.The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they will _____(appear) within a few days after taking the medicine.
6.Cycling is highly _____(benefit) to our health and the environment.
7.Mary _____(work) really hard on her book for three days and thinks she will have finished it by Friday.
8.If we _____(book) a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in the long queue now.
9.All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting______ (involve).
10.The difference between the impossible and the possible lies in a person's______ (determine).
五、拓展练习
The effects of noise can reach organisms (生物) without ears. Because of the way living things rely on each other, noise pollution may actually stop some forests from growing, a new study suggests. In an area of woodland of pine trees in New Mexico, researchers found far fewer tree seedlings (幼苗) in noisy sites than they did in quiet ones.
The study area is dotted with gas wells, some of which are quiet and some of which have compressors (压缩机) that create constant noise. This allowed Jennifer Phillips, a behavioral ecologist at Texas A&M University-San Antonio, and her colleagues to compare sites that are similar except for the noise level. In areas that had been noisy for at least 15 years, only about 13 pine seedlings were found per hectare (公顷), compared with 55 pine seedlings in quiet areas.
The differences in plant growth were probably caused by changes in animal behavior, said Phillips. For example, noise might drive away certain pollinators (传粉者) such as bees, bats and moths. In the case of pine trees, the problem was likely a lack of animals to disperse seeds. Pines depend on birds to carry their seeds away from the parent tree, and birds are known to avoid noise. The differences between the two sites aren't yet obvious to someone walking through them, said Sarah Termondt, a botanist(植物学家) with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service who helped conduct the study. That's probably because pines are slow-growing, with most of the mature trees in such woodlands being over a century old.
The study raises questions about the future of the area. "If the noise stays there in the long term, are we going to lose this important ecosystem of the pine which supports so much wildlife " said Phillips. The study was published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
11.What does the new study focus on
A.The influence of noise pollution on plants.
B.The way organisms receive noise.
C. The harm of noise pollution to insects.
D.The effects of noise pollution on humans.
12.What can be learned from Paragraph 2
A.Gas wells dotted around the area provide favorable conditions for the study.
B.The study sites are different in many ways including their noise level.
C.It is difficult for plants to live without noise and animals.
D.People can easily find the differences between the noisy and the quiet sites.
13.What does the underlined word "mature" in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Young. B.Thin. C.Full-grown. D.Tall.
14.What did Phillips mean by saying the words in the last paragraph
A.Noise pollution is obviously a trouble that can be avoided.
B.Noise pollution could be a threat with the power to change ecosystems.
C.The pine forest is important because it supports so much wildlife.
D.Wildlife should be well protected for the future of this area
15.The process by which rich land becomes desert is called desertification(沙漠化). ①______The U. N. says up to 45 percent of Africa's land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.
Africa's Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8000-kilometer-long forest across 11 of the continent's countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change. ② _____They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment. Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago. ③______
Launched in 2007, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east. ④____ It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.
⑤_____They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent. For example, efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have resulted in nearly 140, 000 hectares of newly planted forest.
The U. N. desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8. 2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030.
A. It has severe impacts on the environment.
B. That is only 4 percent of the program's goal.
C. However, it is difficult to carry out the project.
D. But the project has been facing many problems.
E. The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.
F. Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.
G. Some countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.
答案以及解析
1.答案：have been enjoying
解析：考查动词的时态。句意：阿姆斯特丹的人们多年来一直在享受骑自行车的好处。由时间状语和句意可知这里应用现在完成进行时，表示enjoy这个动作从过去延续到现在，将来可能还会继续。
2.答案：amazing
解析：考查词性转换。句意：让人惊叹的是我母亲如何用每周不到三十美元养育了三个孩子。amazing令人吃惊的。
3.答案：are disappearing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：随着社会的发展，许多传统习俗正在消失。由句意可知，这里指正在消失，故用现在进行时，customs为复数，故填are disappearing。
4.答案：known
解析：句意为: 旧金山计划建立免费的、全球共享的无线接入网络, 就是我们熟知的Wi-Fi。be known as为固定搭配, 意为"作为......被熟知", 此处为过去分词作后置定语。
5.答案：disappear
解析：句意为: 流感的症状可能会令人不舒服, 但是服药后症状在几天内就会消失。根据后面的after taking the medicine可知, 设空处应表示症状"消失"。appear意为"出现", 反义词为disappear, 意为"消失"。
6.答案：beneficial
解析：句意为: 骑车对我们的健康和环境非常有益。be beneficial to为固定搭配, 意为"对......有益", 故此处填形容词beneficial。
7.答案：has been working
解析：句意为: 这三天玛丽一直在努力写她的书, 她认为在周五前可以完成。根据上下文可知, 玛丽从过去到现在一直在努力写书, 表示持续的动作, 故用现在完成进行时。
8.答案：had booked
解析：句意为: 如果我们早点预订一张桌子, 现在就不用在这里排这么长的队了。此处考查if从句的虚拟语气, 根据时间状语earlier和now可知, 本题为错综时间虚拟语气, 从句是对过去的虚拟, 故填过去完成时had booked。
9.答案：involved
解析：考查形容词。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。get为系动词,其后应用形容词,故填involved, get involved 表示“参与”。
10.答案：determination
解析：考查名词。句意:不可能与可能的区别在于一个人的决心。设空处由名词所有格修饰,应用名词,故填 determination,表示“决心”。
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Because of the way living things rely on each other, noise pollution may actually stop some forests from growing, a new study suggests."可知,由于生物相互依赖的方式,噪声污染实际上可能会阻碍一些森林的生长,所以这项新研究的重点是噪声污染对植物的影响。故选A。
12.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句"The study area is dotted with gas wells... compressors that create constant noise."可知,研究区域布满了天然气井,有些天然气井很安静,有些天然气井有会持续产生噪声的压缩机。再结合第二段第二句"This allowed Jennifer Phillips... and her colleagues to compare sites that are similar except for the noise level."可知,前面所说的情况使研究人员能够控制变量,以便对不同区域进行噪声影响的对比,此句中的"This"指的是前面所说的该区域的环境条件。由此可知,该地区的天然气井星罗棋布,使得噪声情况有所区别,为研究提供了有利条件。故选A。
13.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的"most of the mature trees in such woodlands being over a century old"可知,这里的"mature trees"中大部分都是有百年树龄的树,也就是“长成的”树。所以画线词的意思是“长成的,成熟的”。故选C。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Phillips说的话"If the noise stays there in the long term, are we going to lose this important ecosystem of the pine which supports so much wildlife (如果那里长期存在噪声,我们会失去这个重要的、支撑着如此多的野生生物的松木生态系统吗 )"可推测,最后一段中Phillips 说的话的意思是噪声污染可能会成为改变生态系统的威胁。故选B。
15.答案：①-⑤ ADBEF
解析：①根据下文"The U. N. says up to 45 percent of Africa's land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.(联合国表示,非洲多达45%的土地受到荒漠化的影响,比其他任何大陆都严重。)"可知,该空是介绍沙漠化对环境的影响,A项"It has severe impacts on the environment.(它对环境有严重影响。)"中的impacts为解题的关键信息,所讲述的内容与下文一致。故选A。
②根据下文"They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment.(它们包括有限的政治支持,缺乏资金,组织结构薄弱以及对环境的考虑不足。)"列举了各种问题,与D项"But the project has been facing many problems.(但该项目一直面临许多问题。)"呼应。故选D。
③根据空格位于段尾可知,此处应该是对该段的总结,上文"Just 4 million hectares of land have been turned into forest since the work on the Great Green Wall began 15 years ago.(自15年前绿色长城工程开始以来,只有400万公顷的土地变成了森林。)"讲述的是自15年前绿色长城工程开始以来的取得的成绩,B项"That is only 4 percent of the program's goal.(这只是该计划目标的4%。)"中的that指代的内容与上文内容相符合。故选B。
④根据空后"It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air.(它还可以降低该地区与气候相关的迁移水平,并从空气中捕获数亿吨二氧化碳。)"可知,该空所填内容是对项目好处的表述,E项"The project would create millions of green jobs in rural Africa."讲述的该项目产生的影响,符合语境。故选E。
⑤根据下文"They say some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.(他们说,近年来非洲大陆东部取得了一些进展。)"可知,此空所填内容中必须包含名词复数与该句中的代词they指代内容一致,F项"Despite many problems, those involved in the project remain hopeful.(尽管存在许多问题,但参与该项目的人仍然充满希望。)"中的those指代内容与they一致,结合上下文语意理解,可以判断F项符合语境。故选F。Unit 8 Green Living Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 海洋，大海 ____________
n. 雾霾 ____________
n. 沙漠 ____________
n. 交通运输系统，运输方式 ____________
v. 再利用，回收利用 ____________
n. 平衡 ____________
n. 一套公寓房，一套住房 ____________
adj. 平坦的 ____________
n. 树根 ____________
n. 芽，苗；嫩枝 ____________
n. 以自我为中；唯我主义 ____________
n. 机构；研究院 ____________
n. 基础；地基 ____________
二、重点短语
让水龙头开着 ________________________
扔一片垃圾 ________________________
尽自己所能做某事 ________________________
自言自语 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. The whole purpose of Roots & Shoots is to educate young people, from pre-schoolers to university students...
“根与芽"这个组织的目的就是要教育从学龄前儿童到上大学的年轻人……
不定式作目的状语
主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以what引导的名词性从句，后面的不定式说明其内容。
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
我的意见是从北边开始去爬山。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
我的建议是立即开始工作。
注意：
在某些句型中，当主语部分有动词do时，做表语的不定式可以省略to。
All we have to do is push the button.
我们不得不做的就是去按下按钮。
All I could do was send him a telegram.
我所能做的就是给他发一份电报。
2. Most people suffer from what is known as "Just-me-ism".
大多数人都经历过众所周知的“以自我为中心”之苦。
名词性从句
what在名词性从句中是用得最为频繁的连接词，通常引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。它和that显著不同的是：that在名词性从句中不做任何成分，也没有任何意义。相反，what在引导名词性从句的同时，它本身还通常在从句中做主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的事/事物”之意。
We should remember what Dr. Jane Goodall said—it's not just "me"!
我们应该记住珍·古道尔博士说过的话——不仅仅是“我”！
I'm interested in what she is working on now.
我对她现在正在做的工作很感兴趣。
It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
在我们回家的途中我意识到，向处于困境中的人施以援手的感觉真好。
Alice put it in the newspaper, admitting that though she liked it, she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant.
艾丽斯把它写在报纸上，承认尽管她很喜欢它，但她不知道它究竟源自何处、寓意为何。
3. ...so what
……那又怎么样呢
“so what ”意为“那又怎么样呢？”。
省略结构的用法
（1）What if表示“如果……怎么样；即使……又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于 What shall we/ I do if…
What if he gets angry
倘若他生气该怎么办？
What if they do not come
即使他们不来又有什么关系？
（2）What for表示“为什么”相当于Why
-We'll hold a party this weekend.
我们将在这个周末举办一个聚会。
—What for
为什么呢？
(3）What about...……怎么样；……怎么办
What about inviting him here
邀请他来这儿怎么样？
（4）Guess what 告诉你一个消息/ 情况
Guess what! The boss is getting married.
告诉你一个消息！老板要结婚了。
（5)What's up相当于What's the matter
-What's up
怎么了？
—She is weeping over there.
她正在那里哭呢。
（6）Now what
下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？
四、基础练习
1.A policeman ______ (shoot) dead in the city centre last night.
2.Make sure the rope is ______ (firm) attached before attempting to climb up it.
3.Building an idea of a ______ (share) future will take a long time.
4.Ray was getting very bored and ______ (bother) about the idea that he might lost his job.
5.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to _____(extinct).
6.She proposed a possible _____(solve) to the problem.
7.People tend to shop in a supermarket as it offers _____(vary) goods.
8.Animals _____(live) in safe environments are more likely to survive.
9.His studies on literature are very varied, _____(range) from Chinese literature to Western literature.
10.Having an operation may not be the best_______(solve) for the patient’s condition.
五、拓展练习
The warm coast of California is a place where many western monarch butterflies travel to stay during the cold winter months in the United States. Researchers fear the record low number of monarchs this year could mean the insects are in danger of disappearing in the near future.
The Xerces Society works on conservation efforts for insects. Last winter, it recorded around 29,000 butterflies in its yearly survey. That was similar to the winter before, when an all-time low of 27,000 monarchs was counted. But the count this year is dangerously low. Fewer than 2,000 orange-and-black butterflies are in the yearly count this January, which showed a big drop in recent years. On the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, another monarch butterfly population has decreased by more than 80 percent since the mid-1990s.
Causes for the extremely low numbers of butterflies in the western states include homebuilding and chemical use, which destroyed milkweed plants along their migratory(迁移的) path. The plants are needed for monarch butterflies to grow and develop. Climate changes interfere with the growth of wild plants. And huge wildfires in the west may also have influenced their migration.
A 2017 Washington State University study predicted that monarch butterflies would likely disappear within 10to 20 years if the population dropped below 30,000 and nothing was done to save them.
Action should be taken to provide protection for their food supply and environment, including their migratory path. The Xerces Society said it will keep working with other partners to protect the monarch. The organization added that people can help by planting flowers and milkweed along these butterflies' migratory path.
11.Why do the researchers fear the possibility of monarch butterflies disappearing
A. Because the warm coast of California is getting cold during the winter months.
B. Because most of them are killed by huge wildfires.
C. Because the population of this species is varied.
D. Because the number of monarch butterflies has dropped sharply.
12.What does Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Milkweed plants need monarchs to grow and develop.
B. Factors of the decrease in numbers of monarchs.
C. Human activities have influenced the climate change.
D. The importance of milkweed to the environment.
13.What does the underlined phrase "interfere with" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Lead. B. Help. C. Reserve. D. Disturb.
14.What can we infer from the last 2 paragraphs
A. Within 10 to 20 years monarch butterflies will disappear.
B. The migratory path of monarch butterflies is under protection.
C. Milkweed should be planted along monarchs' migratory path.
D. It is dangerous if the number of a species is below 30,000.
15.Many people say dolphins are intelligent. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they as smart as humans, or are they more like cats and dogs ①________.But scientists say dolphins and humans are alike in some ways. How
Like humans, every dolphin has its own "name." The name is a special whistle(哨声). Each dolphin chooses a whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Dolphins are like people in other ways, too. They "talk" to each other about a lot of things—such as their age, their feelings, and possible danger. ②_______. Understanding dolphin conversation is not easy for humans. No one "speaks dolphin" yet, but some scientists are trying to learn.
③________. They often join other dolphins to play games and have fun together, just like people. Sometimes they run after other dolphins carrying objects and throw these objects back and forth. Scientists believe playing together is something only intelligent animals do.
Dolphins and humans are similar in another way: ④________. In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an intelligent method to get food. When there are fish near a boat, dolphins signal to the fishermen to put their nets in the water. With the dolphins' help, the men can catch a lot of fish. Why do dolphins help the men There is an advantage for the dolphins: ⑤_______.
A. Dolphins live in groups
B. The fishermen ask the dolphins for help
C. They both make plans for getting things they want
D. Scientists have studied the brains of cats and dogs
E. They get to eat some of the fish that escape from the net
F. Dolphins use their brains quite differently from the way humans do
G. A system of sounds and body language are also used to communicate
答案以及解析
1.答案：was shot
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：昨晚在市中心一名警察被射杀了。根据last night可知应用一般过去时，policeman与shoot之间为被动关系，故填was shot。
2.答案：firmly
解析：考查副词。句意：在试图沿着绳子往上爬之前，确保绳子系牢了。firmly坚固地。
3.答案：shared
解析：考查过去分词。句意：建立一个共享未来的想法要花费很长时间。设空处在句中作定语修饰future，share与future之间为被动关系，故填shared。
4.答案：bothered
解析：考查形容词。句意：雷变得非常烦闷，为感觉自己可能会失业心烦。be bothered about sth.为某事烦恼。
5.答案：extinction
解析：句意为: 总计6,800种语言中已经有远超过400种接近消亡。be close to意为"接近", 其中to是介词, 后面应接名词形式, 故填extinction。
6.答案：solution
解析：句意为: 她针对这个问题提出了一个可能的解决办法。形容词possible应修饰名词, 故填solution, 意为"解决办法", 后常加介词to。
7.答案：various/varied
解析：句意为: 人们往往会在超市购物, 因为它提供各种各样的货物。此处修饰后面的名词goods, 应填形容词。vary为动词, 意为"多变; 有差异", 其形容词为various/varied, 意为"各种各样的"。
8.答案：living
解析：句意为: 生活在安全环境中的动物更有可能存活。句子主干为Animals are more likely to survive, 句中已有be动词are, 与设空处无连词连接, 故设空处应用非谓语形式作后置定语, 修饰Animals, live与其为逻辑上的主动关系, 故填现在分词living。
9.答案：ranging
解析：句意为 :他对文学的研究非常广泛, 从中国文学到西方文学都有涉猎。句中已有be动词are, 逗号前后无连词连接, 由此判断设空处填非谓语形式, 作状语。range与逻辑主语studies为主动关系, 故填现在分词ranging。 range from...to...意为"范围从......到......"。
10.答案：solution
解析：考查名词。句意：对于病人的情况，手术可能不是最好的解决办法。best是形容词，修饰名词，solve的名词是solution,意为“解决办法”，由主语Having an operation可知，空格处用单数形式。故填solution。
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Researchers fear the record low number of monarchs this year could mean the insects are in danger of disappearing in the near future.(研究人员担心，今年帝王蝶的数量创历史新低可能意味着这种昆虫在不久的将来有消失的危险。)"可知，研究人员担心该蝴蝶消失的原因是其数量急剧下降。故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第三段"Causes for the extremely low numbers of butterflies in the western states include homebuilding and chemical use, which destroyed milkweed plants along their migratory path. The plants are needed for monarch butterflies to grow and develop. Climate changes interfere with the growth of wild plants. And huge wildfires in the west may also have influenced their migration.(西部各州蝴蝶数量极低的原因包括房屋建设和化学使用，这破坏了它们迁徙路径上的马利筋植物。这种植物是帝王蝶生长发育所必需的。气候变化会影响野生植物的生长。西部的巨大野火也可能影响了它们的迁徙。)"可知，本段主要讲述了导致帝王蝶数量减少的因素。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第三段"Climate changes interfere with the growth of wild plants. And huge wildfires in the west may also have influenced their migration.(气候变化会interfere with野生植物的生长。西部的巨大野火也可能影响了它们的迁徙。)"可知，下一句话中有also一词，则此处与下文的influenced表示并列，同为"影响；干扰"的意思。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"The organization added that people can help by planting flowers and milkweed along these butterflies' migratory path.(该组织补充说，人们可以在这些蝴蝶的迁徙路径上种植鲜花和马利筋。)"可知，马利筋应该种在帝王蝶迁徙的路线上。故选C。
15.答案：①-⑤ FGACE
解析：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要通过举例说明在某些方面海豚与人类很相像。
①根据后文"But scientists say dolphins and humans are alike in some ways. How (但是科学家说海豚和人类在某些方面很相似。那是怎么样的呢？)"可知，空处与后文之间是转折关系，故空处应指海豚与人类不同的地方，故F项"Dolphins use their brains quite differently from the way humans do.(海豚使用大脑的方式与人类完全不同)"符合语意。故选F。
②根据前文"They "talk" to each other about a lot of things—such as their age, their feelings, and possible danger.(他们互相"谈论"很多事情——比如他们的年龄、他们的感觉和可能的危险。)"以及后文"Understanding dolphin conversation is not easy for humans.(理解海豚的对话对人类来说并不容易。)"可知，此处讲述的是海豚与人类的一个相似之处就是，海豚也会进行"对话"，用它们自己的方式进行。故选项"A system of sounds and body language are also used to communicate(声音和肢体语言系统也被用来交流)"衔接上下文，符合语意。故选G。
③根据后文"They often join other dolphins to play games and have fun together, just like people.( 它们经常和其他海豚一起玩游戏，一起玩得开心，就像人一样。)"可知，海豚跟人一样，都是喜欢做一些群体性的活动，因此选项A"Dolphins live in groups(海豚群居生活)"引起下文内容，符合语意。故选A。
④根据后文"In the seas of southern Brazil, for example, dolphins use an intelligent method to get food. When there are fish near a boat, dolphins signal to the fishermen to put their nets in the water.(例如，在巴西南部海域，海豚用一种聪明的方法获取食物。当船附近有鱼时，海豚会向渔民发出信号，让他们把网放入水中。)"可知，海豚很聪明，要获得它们想要的东西时，它们会有所行动，有计划进行，这点跟人相似。故选项C"They both make plans for getting things they want(他们都为得到他们想要的东西制定计划)"符合语意。故选C。
⑤根据前文"Why do dolphins help the men There is an advantage for the dolphins:(为什么海豚帮助人类？海豚有一个优势：)"可知，海豚帮助人类，它们也有一些好处的。故选项E"They get to eat some of the fish that escape from the net(他们可以吃一些从网中逃脱的鱼)"符合语意。故选E。
