Unit 9 Learning Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 童年 ____________
n. 直升机 ____________
vt. 出版；发表；刊登 ____________
n. 曲线，弧线 ____________
adj. 适时的；及时的 ____________
n. 细胞 ____________
adv. 定期地 ____________
n. 记忆 ____________
n. 技巧，手法 ____________
二、重点短语
情感联结 ________________________
第一次 ________________________
结果 ________________________
过目不忘的记忆 ________________________
对……感到好奇 ________________________
三、知识讲解
This is because when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement.
这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或兴奋感。
because引导表语从句
句子中because引导表语从句，在表语从句中又包含了一个when引导的时间状语从句。excitement n. 兴奋，激动
The news caused great excitement among her friends.
这消息使她的朋友们兴奋不已。
excitement的其他变式及常见用法：
excite vt. 使兴奋；刺激；使紧张不安
excited adj. 兴奋的；激动的
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；令人激动的
be excited to do sth 做某事很兴奋/ 激动
be excited about/ at/ with sth 对某事感到兴奋
In some science fiction movies, the music and special effects can really excite audiences.
在一些科幻电影中，音乐和特效确实能让观众兴奋。
Are you excited about your holiday
你对你的假期感到兴奋吗？
He said he was excited to return to San Diego.
他说他很高兴能回到圣地亚哥。
四、基础练习
1.Keys should ______ (period) be changed.
2.There are special _______ (arrange) for people working overseas.
3.Her _______ (promote) to Sales Manager took everyone by surprise.
4.Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease _______ (be) likely to develop it.
5.The _______ (flexible) of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers.
6.The patient is picking up after the _____(time) operation.
7.As far as I know, everyone is content with this new _____(arrange).
8.Jack was working in the lab when the power cut _____(occur).
9.If it _____(be) not for the support of the teachers, the student couldn't overcome her difficulties.
10.Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using _____(nature) sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
New research by Northwestern University is the first to document the effect reactivating (重新激活) memories during sleep has on face-name learning.
The researchers found that the recall of people's names improved significantly when memories of newly learnt face-name connections were reactivated while they were sleeping. The key to this improvement was uninterrupted (不间断的) deep sleep.
"It's a new and exciting finding about sleep, because it tells us that the way information is reactivated during sleep to improve memory storage is connected with high-quality sleep. That is, targeted memory reactivation of face-name learning depends on enough and uninterrupted slow-wave sleep, "said the research leader Nathan Whitmore.
A study was conducted on 24 participants, aged 18 to 31, who were asked to memorise the faces and names of 40 pupils from a Latin American history class and another 40 from a Japanese history class. When each face was shown again, they were asked to produce the name that went with it. After the learning exercise, participants took a nap while the researchers carefully monitored brain activity using EEG measurement. When participants reached the "deep sleep" state, some of the names were softly played on a speaker with music that was connected with one of the classes.
When participants woke up, they were retested on recognising the faces and recalling the name that went with each face. In those with uninterrupted sleep, the reactivation led to a relative improvement averaging just over 1.5 more names recalled. "We already know that some sleep disorders can affect memory, "said Whitmore. "Our research suggests a possible explanation for this—frequent sleep interruptions at night might be lowering memory. "
"This new line of research will let us address many interesting questions—like whether sleep interruption is always harmful or whether it could be used to weaken unwanted memories," said Whitmore. "At any rate, we are increasingly finding good reasons to value high-quality sleep and learning more about the relevant brain functions. "
11.What did the new research focus on
A.The balance between napping and health.
B.The ties between facial features and names.
C.The connections between sleep and memory.
D.The cause-effect between reactivation and learning.
12.What is Whitmore's attitude towards the research
A.Uncaring. B.Opposed. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.
13.Which statement is TRUE about the 24 participants
A.They were students from different majors.
B.They showed good ability to recognise faces.
C.They performed better after continuous sleep.
D.They improved identification by EEG checking.
14.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A.Expectations for the future study.
B.Concerns about the present research.
C.Methods of screening out information.
D.Explanations of the activated memory level.
15.Employees who often struggle to manage workplace stress and those who have the "I can do everything" mindset face a higher risk for burnout(过度劳累).
Burnout doesn't happen overnight. ①_____Taking a much-needed break and developing a healthy routine will help beat burnout. So, what are the telltale signs that you're burned out
You have trouble falling asleep. Inability to sleep is a common symptom of burnout. In its early stages, you may find it difficult to fall or stay asleep one or two nights a week. If you stop to consider this burnout symptom, it may become a continuous nightly painful experience. ②____
You can't focus or recall things. Mild forgetfulness and lack of concentration are also early signs of burnout to watch out for. ③______Work would be piling up on your desk, leaving you completely unproductive.
④______If the slightest of things at work have been getting under your skin lately, burnout may be the cause. In its latter stages, it can see you figuring in angry outbursts and major arguments not just in the workplace but at home, too. This may very well hurt your relationships.
You lose your appetite. Skipping meals or not feeling hungry in an unusual way might suggest that you're in the early stage of burnout. ⑤______ However, for others, the effects of burnout can be the opposite. They turn to make a pig of themselves to ease feelings of stress.
A. You get annoyed quickly.
B. Beat burnout before it gets worse.
C. Your work no longer makes you happy.
D. Nodding off would be difficult no matter how tired you are.
E. You'd lose a significant amount of weight before you know it.
F. That means you can still do something about it before it gets worse.
G. The problems may reach the point where you can no longer get any work done.
答案以及解析
1.答案：periodically
解析：考查副词。句意：钥匙应该定期更换。副词修饰动词，设空处修饰be changed，故用副词形式。
2.答案：arrangements
解析：考查名词及其单复数。句意：对赴海外工作的人员有特别安排。根据形容词special可知，设空处用名词形式；根据are可知，该处用复数名词。
3.答案：promotion
解析：考查名词。句意：竟然提拔她当销售经理，这叫每个人都感到意外。形容词性物主代词后接名词，根据物主代词Her可知，设空处应用名词形式。
4.答案：is/was
解析：考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在100个面临这种疾病威胁的孩子中，没有一个是可能染上这种疾病的。这句话的主语是Not one而不是one hundred children，故谓语动词用单数形式。由句意可知，这里可用一般现在时或一般过去时。
5.答案：flexibility
解析：考查名词。句意：远程学习的灵活性尤其适合忙碌的经理。冠词后接名词，根据定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词形式。
6.答案：timely
解析：句意为: 在及时的手术后, 病人正在好转。根据语境可知, 此处应用形容词timely修饰名词operation。
7.答案：arrangement
解析：句意为: 据我所知, 每个人都对这个新安排感到满意。根据空前的形容词new可知, 此处应填名词形式。
8.答案：occurred
解析：句意为: 杰克正在实验室工作时突然停电了。occur为不及物动词, 意为"发生", 根据语境可知, 此处应用一般过去时。
9.答案：were
解析：句意为: 如果不是因为老师的支持, 这个学生不可能克服她的困难。根据主句的谓语形式可知, 本句考查if引导的虚拟条件句, if it were not for...和if it had not been for...为固定结构, 意为"要不是......"。从句是对现在的虚拟, 故填were。
10.答案：natural
解析：句意为: 因此, 她成功地做出了一种只使用天然甜味剂的糖果, 这种糖果可以减少口腔细菌。根据语境可知, 此处应用形容词natural修饰名词sweeteners。
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，睡眠时重新激活先前记忆的内容，记忆能力会明显提高。由此可知，该研究的内 容是睡眠与记忆力之间的关系。故选C项。
12.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的"It's a new and exciting finding about sleep"可知，惠特莫尔对这一研究结果很激动，因为这一研究得出睡眠与记忆力有关的重要结论。 故可推断，惠特莫尔对这一研究持支持的态 度。故选D项。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的"In those with uninterrupted sleep, the reactivation led to a relative improvement averaging just over 1.5 more names recalled." 可知，这些参与者在经过持续不间断的睡眠 之后，记忆有所改善。故选C项。
14.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的"This new line of research will let us address many interesting questions—like whether sleep interruption is always harmful or whether it could be used to weaken unwanted memories" 可知，这项新的研究结果激发了惠特莫尔对 新问题的思考。因此本段主要表达了对未来 研究的展望。故选A项。
15.答案：①-⑤ FDGAE
解析：这是一篇说明文。讲述了你感觉筋疲力尽的几种症状，并建议在恶化前解决掉这种状况。
①根据上文"Burnout doesn't happen overnight.(筋疲力尽不是一夜之间造成的)"以及后文提出的解决办法"Taking a much-needed break and developing a healthy routine will help beat burnout.(休息一下，养成一个健康的生活习惯将有助于战胜倦怠)"推知，空处内容应承上启下，指出有方法可以解决目前的问题。F项"That means you can still do something about it before it gets worse.(这意味着在情况变得更糟之前，你仍然可以做些什么)"符合题意。故选F。
②空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文"If you stop to consider this burnout symptom, it may become a continuous nightly painful experience. (如果你不再考虑这种倦怠症状，它可能会成为持续的夜间痛苦经历)"推知，下文应继续陈述睡眠困难带来的消极影响。D项"Nodding off would be difficult no matter how tired you are.(无论你有多累，打个盹都很困难)"符合题意。故选D。
③根据上文"Mild forgetfulness and lack of concentration are also early signs of burnout to watch out for.(轻度健忘和注意力不集中也是需要注意的倦怠的早期迹象)"和下文"Work would be piling up on your desk, leaving you completely unproductive.(工作会在你的桌子上堆起来，完全做不完)"推知，空处内容应承上启下，指出轻度健忘和注意力不集中会导致的结果——工作无法做完。G项"The problems may reach the point where you can no longer get any work done.(问题可能会达到你做不完工作的程度)"符合题意。故选G。
④空处为本段主旨句。根据下文"If the slightest of things at work have been getting under your skin lately, burnout may be the cause. In its latter stages, it can see you figuring in angry outbursts and major arguments not just in the workplace but at home, too. This may very well hurt your relationships.(如果最近工作上的一件小事让你心烦意乱，那可能是因为工作倦怠。在它的后期，你不仅在工作场所，而且在家里也会爆发愤怒和重大争吵。这很可能会伤害你的人际关系)"可知，本段主要介绍人们会因为工作倦怠而容易心烦意乱。A项"You get annoyed quickly.(你会很快生气)"符合本段内容，可以作为主旨句。故选A。
⑤根据上文"Skipping meals or not feeling hungry in an unusual way might suggest that you're in the early stage of burnout.(不吃饭或以不寻常的方式不感到饥饿可能表明你正处于倦怠的早期阶段)"可知，上文提到了不吃饭或不感到饥饿的情况，由此推知，空处陈述这种情况带来的结果。E项"You'd lose a significant amount of weight before you know it.(你会不知不觉地体重下降)"符合语境。故选E。Unit 9 Learning Lesson 2 Language Learning Tips—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
adj. 经典的 ____________
n. 策略；战略；规划 ____________
prep. 超出……的范围 ____________
vt. 推荐；建议 ____________
n. 小说 ____________
adj. 充足的 ____________
n. 输入；投入 ____________
n. 上下文 ____________
vt. 学习；获得 ____________
二、重点短语
很荣幸做某事 ________________________
足够的语言输入 ________________________
记住新单词 ________________________
学习单词的最好的方法 ________________________
三、知识讲解
Though they are different in one way or another, people have no difficulty in understanding each other.
尽管它们是不同的，但在相互理解方面，人们没有什么困难。
though引导的让步状语从句
in one way or another 不管怎样
In one way or another Mr Green will manage the project all right.
无论怎样格林先生都会好好管理这个工程。
其他表示“不管怎样”的表达方式：
in any case不管如何
no matter + what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how/ why
不管什么/ 谁/ 哪个/ 何时/ 何地/ 如何/ 什么原因
one way or the other 不管怎样（强调两方面均可）
We could meet today or tomorrow—I don't mind one way or the other.
我们可以在今天或明天见面，哪一天对我都行。
四、基础练习
1.Your goods have not been ______ (sufficient) advertised.
2.The committee made _______ (recommend) to the board on teachers' pay and conditions.
3.The speech ability has much to do with the ________ (acquire) of tacit knowledge.
4.All airports in the country are working ______ (normal) today.
5.They should make ______ (decide) on whether the student needs more help.
6.Children this age enjoy books with simple stories and simple rhymes they can ______ (memory).
7.Intelligent people tend to use _____(simplify) approaches to solve problems.
8.If you are in a(n) _____(familiar) environment, it is human nature to be nervous.
9.The better you manage your time, the more _____(effective) you work.
10.When _____(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities.
五、拓展练习
Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It's supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion(结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18.
Earlier research had suggested we're best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that's not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues.
Hartshorne surveyed tens of thousands of people online. He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test. He used their answers to guess their native languages. After completing the test, volunteers answered questions about where they had lived the languages they had spoken from birth and the age at which they first started learning English. It also asked how long they'd lived in an English-speaking country.
Hartshorne's group analyzed(分析) responses from 669,498 native and non-native speakers of English. If people moved to a new country and began speaking English by age 10 to 12, they finally spoke it as well as those who had learned both English and another language from birth, the researchers found.
The results further showed that around age 17, people's ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency(熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.
However, they found language learning did not end at 17 and people's English skills kept improving slightly until around age 30. This was true among both native speakers and those who learned English as a second language, the new study found.
11.How did Hartshorne do the survey
A. He paid his friends to do it. B. He surveyed thousands of students.
C. He interviewed passers-by. D. He carried out the survey online.
12.Which of the following best explains "took a nosedive" underlined in paragraph 5
A. Fell. B. Changed. C. Counted. D. Rose.
13.What do the researchers say about language learning
A. It requires few skills. B. It keeps people smarter.
C. It ends at the age of 17. D. It needs more practice.
14.What is the text mainly about
A. A learning guide. B. A study on language learning.
C. An English speaker. D. A survey on grammar rules.
15.If you dream of mastering two languages, make the process more fun and more successful with these tips:
Find your motivation. Wish you had paid more attention in high school Spanish ①_____ Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to meet a graduation requirement. These factors are "extrinsic(外在的) motivators," but the most successful language students are "intrinsically" motivated So pick a language you are excited to use, whether on a vacation in Spain or on your couch watching Spanish soap operas.
②_____ It might take some trial and error, but you'll figure out which resource works best for you. Mobile apps combine your learning with games, so if you could easily spend hours playing on your phone, you'll likely find learning similarly addictive. ③_____ Excellent textbooks, grammar guide, and work books with answer keys let you see how you're doing.
Don't sweat your mistakes. Kids get it wrong all the time. They'll say, for instance, that they "goed" to school and played with other "childs." Although kids often misapply the general rules, they gradually pick up on the patterns and use them in new situations. ④______
Try less. It seems contrary to common sense. ⑤______ So rather than stare fixedly at a vocabulary list, run your eyes over the words while you listen to pure music. Or turn on subtitle(字幕) in the language you're learning even as you watch TV in English. But don't devote your full attention to them — just enjoy the show and absorb what you can. The less you stress, the more you'll be able to learn.
A. Pick your tools.
B. Do experiments.
C. And don't forget books.
D. Consider why you didn't.
E. That is what successful language learners do.
F. But bury yourself in your chosen language as much as you can.
G. But you're more likely to pick up a language when you aren't highly focused.
答案以及解析
1.答案：sufficiently
解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词，设空处修饰动词advertised，故用副词形式。句意：你的商品的广告做得不够。
2.答案：recommendations
解析：考查名词及其单复数。设空处作及物动词make的宾语，make recommendations to...为固定搭配，表示"向……提出建议"。句意：委员会就教师的工资和工作条件向董事会提出建议。
3.答案：acquirement
解析：考查名词。冠词后接名词，根据定冠词the可知，设空处用名词形式。句意：语言能力与隐性知识的获取有很大关系。
4.答案：normally
解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词，设空处修饰动词working，故用副词形式。句意：这个国家所有的机场今天都在正常运转。
5.答案：decisions
解析：考查名词及其单复数。make decisions为固定搭配，意为"做出决定"。句意：他们应该决定该学生是否需要更多的帮助。
6.答案：memorise
解析：考查动词。分析该句结构可知，设空处在情态动词can的后面，故用动词原形。句意：这个年龄的孩子喜欢有简单故事和他们能记住的简单押韵词的书。
7.答案：simplified
解析：句意为: 聪明人往往使用简化的方法解决问题。根据空后的名词可知, 此处应填形容词形式, simplify是及物动词, 意为"使简单; 简化"; simplified是形容词, 意为"简化了的"。
8.答案：unfamiliar
解析：句意为: 如果你处在一个不熟悉的环境中, 感到紧张是人的本性。根据句意可知, 此处表示"不熟悉的", 应填familiar的反义词unfamiliar。
9.答案：effectively
解析：句意为: 你把时间管理得越好, 工作就越有效率。此处应用副词修饰动词work, 故填effectively。
10.答案：comparing
解析：句意为：当对比不同的文化时，我们经常只关注差异而没有注意到诸多相似之处。此处compare和其逻辑主语we为主动关系，故填comparing作状语。
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段"He began by asking volunteers to take an online English grammar test.(他开始要求志愿者参加在线英语语法测试)"可知，Hartshorne是通过志愿者在线测试、问答等方式开展调查工作的。故选D。
12.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词组后文"those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)"可知，took a nosedive是指在17岁左右时人们学习语法的能力是急剧下降的。由此推知，划线短语与选项A的意思最接近。故选A。
13.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段"The results further showed that around age 17, people's ability to learn grammar took a nosedive and that those who started learning English after age 10 or 12 never reached the same level of English proficiency (熟练) as people who started younger. Why The researchers think it's because they had fewer years to practice before their skills dropped off at 17.(研究结果进一步表明，在17岁左右，人们学习语法的能力急剧下降，而那些在10岁或12岁之后开始学习英语的人的英语水平从未达到更年轻的人的水平。为什么？研究人员认为，这是因为他们在17岁时技能下降之前练习的时间较少)"可推知，研究人员认为语言学习需要大量练习。故选D。
14.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段"Little kids can pick up a new language pretty easily. It's supposed to be far harder for older children. But that conclusion(结论) might not be correct. The window on when people can learn a language well appears to last until around age 17 or 18.(小孩子很容易学会一门新语言。对于年龄较大的孩子来说，这应该要困难得多。但这个结论可能不正确。人们何时能学好一门语言的窗口似乎要持续到17岁或18岁左右)"和第二段"Earlier research had suggested we're best at learning grammar in early childhood. Then we hit a dead end around age 5. But that's not so, said Joshua Hartshorne and his colleagues.(早期的研究表明，我们最擅长在幼儿时期学习语法。约书亚·哈特肖恩和他的同事说，然后我们在5岁左右就走到了死胡同。但事实并非如此)"可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于语言学习窗口的研究。故选B。
15.答案：①-⑤ DACFG
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章给出了四条建议，让掌握两种语言的过程更有趣更成功。
①根据上文"Wish you had paid more attention in high school Spanish (希望你在高中的西班牙语课上花了更多的心思 )"可知，这是虚拟语气的结构，说明在高中时并没有在课上花更多心思。而下文"Perhaps all you wanted out of the class was a good grade, or to meet a graduation requirement.(也许你只是想从这门课上得到一个好成绩，或者满足毕业要求)"则给出了当时没花心思的原因，所以D选项"想想你为什么没有。"可以很好地起到承上启下的作用，符合题意。故选D。
②分析文章结构可知，第二至第五段的段首句为每段的主题句，且均为祈使句。根据下文"It might take some trial and error, but you'll figure out which resource works best for you. (这可能需要一些尝试和错误，但你会发现哪个资源最适合你)"可知，该句说你需要尝试去挑选适合你的学习资源，而且下文还给出了"Mobile apps(手机应用程序)"以及"Excellent textbooks, grammar guide, and work books with answer keys(优秀的教科书，语法指南，有答案的练习册)"这些学习工具，供你选择，所以这一段是建议人们要挑选适合的学习工具。故A选项"挑选你的工具。"符合题意。故选A。
③根据下文"Excellent textbooks, grammar guide, and work books with answer keys let you see how you're doing.(优秀的教科书，语法指南，有答案的练习册让你知道自己做得如何)"可知，这里介绍了可以使用的具体的书籍分类，所以空格处应该推荐使用书籍。C选项"不要忘了书籍。"符合题意。故选C。
④根据第一句"Don't sweat your mistakes.(不要担心你的错误)"以及空格前句"Although kids often misapply the general rules, they gradually pick up on the patterns and use them in new situations.(虽然孩子们经常误用一般的规则，但他们会逐渐掌握这些模式，并在新的情况下使用它们)"可知，这一段是在告诉人们不要担心错误，要像孩子一样，虽然会犯错误，但只要应用了，就会逐渐掌握规则，并学会使用。F选项"但是要尽可能地专心于你选择的语言。"与首句呼应，符合题意。故选F。
⑤根据上文"Try less. It seems contrary to common sense.(少努力。这似乎有悖常理)"可知，上文建议人们少努力，虽然似乎有悖常理，但这样建议一定是有道理的，G选项"但当你注意力不集中的时候，你更有可能学会一门语言。"给出了答案，说明了这样建议的原因，不要太过于关注语言学习，放松下来效果可能会更好，符合题意。故选G。Unit 9 Learning Writing Workshop—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
adv. 此外，而且 ____________
n. 冲浪 ____________
n. 海鲜 ____________
n. (大的)差距，差额，差别 ____________
n. 性别 ____________
adj. 完全相同的；非常相似的 ____________
adj. 滑稽的，好笑的 ____________
n. 小说 ____________
n. 结果，后果 ____________
二、重点短语
努力 ________________________
融入 ________________________
充分利用 ________________________
坚持 ________________________
习惯于 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. That is to say, most of us will have to make an effort when trying to remember things.
也就是说，我们大多数人在尝试记东西的时候都不得不做出努力。
when trying to remember things 相当于when I try to remember things。当状语从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致或者从句中的主语是it，后面是be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词可以同时省略。
When+v-ing/ v-ed/ adj.的省略结构
When (he was) travelling in Europe, he found many interesting things and experienced different cultures.
在欧洲旅行时，他发现了许多有趣的事情，体验了不同的文化。
其他可省略主语和be动词的情况：
He is a man of few words. He never speaks unless (he is) spoken to.
他是一个沉默寡言的人。除非别人同他说话，否则他从不说话。
Although (the old professor was) against my opinion, he didn't come up with his own.
虽然老教授不同意我的观点，但他也提不出自己的观点。
While (I was) walking the dog, I was so careless that it got loose and was hit by a car.
在遛狗时，我太不小心了，以至于狗挣脱了绳子被汽车撞了。
If (it is) possible, I will tell him the news.
如果有可能的话，我会告诉他这个消息的。
2. also, what's more/ moreover, not only...but also..., in addition
也，而且，不仅……而且……，另外。
表示递进的连接词
I did not like it that much. Also, it was much too expensive.
我并不怎么喜欢它，再说它太贵了。
What's more/ Moreover, they can learn how to use English more properly.
此外，他们可以了解如何更恰当地使用英语。
This technology brings us not only convenience but also disturbance and trouble as well.
这项技术不仅带给了我们便利，也带来了困扰和麻烦。
In addition, having a good diet is also a good way to keep fit.
此外，均衡的饮食也是保持健康的好方法。
四、基础练习
1.In these cultures, silence is a call for _____(reflect).
2.The exercises are designed _____(strengthen) your stomach muscles.
3.The engine won't start. Something seems _____(go) wrong with it.
4.The food, _____(taste) good, was soon sold out when it was taken to the market.
5._____(give) the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
6.To take life easy doesn't mean _____(do) nothing at all, but grasping every opportunity to do good deeds.
7.Not only the swimmers but also the coach _____(try) to save the drowning girl now.
8.The village isn't what it used to be and the life we were used to _____(change) greatly since 2000.
9.At the railway station, they all stood on the platform, _____(wave) goodbye to me until the train was out of sight.
10.Bob is not performing now. He is said________(leave) the stage already and has become an official.
五、拓展练习
Everyone has a special place in his heart, and so do I. I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I borrowed from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job, and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to buy a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
11.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Odd.
12.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
13.What does the author call on other writers to do
A. Help book stores. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Buy her novels.
14.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young D. My Love of the Library
15.The majority of high-school English learners are still trying to become advanced speakers. But many give up because they feel they will never reach fluency. Anyone can reach an advanced level, but to do this, changes need to be made. ①_______.
Immerse(沉浸) yourself
It is not necessary to move to an English-speaking country to immerse yourself. ②_______. To reach an advanced level, you need lots of input in English, and making these small changes means you get hours of input every day. Your brain needs to adapt to the language, and this takes time.
③_______
In order to produce English sounds, you need to first know how to produce the sounds; then you need to practice and get feedback. Think about the sounds you have the most problems with, and then take the time to change the position of your tongue and the shape of your lips so you sound like the audio. ④________.
Have fun
Too many learners feel that having a high level in English is all about devotion and working hard. The biggest problem with this is that it is very difficult to maintain. ⑤_______. They work hard, then do nothing and then study hard again. This cycle will get you nowhere. By doing the things you love, learning English won't feel like studying at all. Be curious, find interesting things to do, and don't worry too much about understanding everything.
A. Ask for feedback
B. Work on pronunciation
C. The followings are some possible shifts you can make
D. That is why so many learners go through cycles of study
E. Then get feedback from someone to make sure you are speaking correctly
F. So long as you work and make progress every day, you will reach the advanced level finally
G. English books, videos, movies and more can be accessed by anyone from anywhere in the world
答案以及解析
1.答案：reflection
解析：句意为: 在这些文化中, 沉默就是需要反思。介词for后需要加名词作宾语, 故填reflection, 意为"反思; 思考"。
2.答案：to strengthen
解析：句意为: 这些运动是为了强化腹部肌肉而设计的。strengthen意为"强化, 增强", 是及物动词, 固定短语be designed to do意为"为了......而设计的; 目的在于......", 故此处填to strengthen。
3.答案：to have gone
解析：句意为: 发动机无法发动, 好像出了毛病。seem意为"好像", 后加不定式作宾语, 此处用to have gone表示动作已经发生。
4.答案：tasting
解析：句意为: 这种食物, 尝起来很不错, 一上市就卖光了。taste是连系动词, 无被动语态, 意为"有......的味道", 故此处用现在分词作后置定语。
5.答案：Given
解析：句意为: 鉴于他的身体状况, 术后康复可能需要一段时间。given在此处为介词, 意为"考虑到; 鉴于"。
6.答案：doing
解析：句意为: 所谓看开人生并非意味着什么都不做, 而是抓住机会, 及时行善。mean doing意为"意味着......", 此处用doing作宾语。
7.答案：is trying
解析：句意为: 不仅是游泳运动员, 还有教练, 现在都在努力救那个落水女孩。not only...but also...连接并列主语时采用"就近原则", 即谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致, 又根据时间状语now可知, 此处应填现在进行时, 故填is trying。
8.答案：has changed
解析：句意为: 这个村子已经不是过去的样子了, 我们习惯的那种生活从2000年起就已经变了。设空处后有since, 意为"自从......时候起", 所以主句应用现在完成时, 故此处填has changed。
9.答案：waving
解析：句意为: 在火车站, 他们都站在站台上向我挥手告别, 直到火车消失在视野之中。wave goodbye to sb为固定结构, 意为"向某人挥手告别"。动词wave和其逻辑主语they之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词作状语, 表示伴随。
10.答案：to have left
解析：考查动词不定式的完成式。句意：鲍勃现在不表演了。据说他已经离开舞台，成为一名官员。分析句子可知，be said to do是固定搭配意为“据说干……”，结合already and has become可知，这里表示他已经离开了舞台，因此使用动词不定式的现在式（to have done)表示过去的动作对现在的结果，符合本句语境。故填to have left。
11.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I borrowed from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者,孩提时,有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气,而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险。)可推断,作者小时候与书是密不可分的。结合选项A.Cooperative.合作的;B.Uneasy.不舒服的;C.Inseparable.不能分离的;D.Odd.奇数的。故选C。
12.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother(随着长大,我成了一位母亲),结合下文I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.(我有几个孩子,书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说,坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事,在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书。)可推断,作者成了母亲以后,带着孩子去图书馆,孩子挑选书籍来阅读,或者作者读给他们听。图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义,阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传。由此可知,划线句子意为“读书的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.(我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆,谈论图书馆。)可知,作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文可知,文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者,孩提时喜欢阅读,工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后,一家人去图书馆读书,阅读的习惯代代传承下去,作为小说家,作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆,宣传图书馆。由此可知,全文围绕"作者对图书馆的爱"展开讲述。故D项"我对图书馆的爱"为最佳标题。故选D。
15.答案：①-⑤ CGAED
解析：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了学习英语的一些方法。
①根据上一句"Anyone can reach an advanced level, but to do this, changes need to be made.(任何人都可以达到高级水平，但要做到这一点，需要做出改变。)"可知此处说的是为了能够达到英语高级水平，需要做出改变。所以C. The followings are some possible shifts you can make(以下是你可以做出的一些可能的改变)符合语境。shifts对应上文的changes。故选C。
②根据上一句"It is not necessary to move to an English-speaking country to immerse yourself.(没有必要搬到说英语的国家去沉浸其中。)"可知此处说的是没有必要搬到说英语的国家去沉浸其中学习英语，因此推断其它地方也可以。所以 G. English books, videos, movies and more can be accessed by anyone from anywhere in the world(世界各地的任何人都可以阅读英语书籍、视频、电影等)"符合语境。"anywhere in the world"呼应前文的"an English-speaking country"。故选G。
③空格处为段落标题。根据下一句"In order to produce English sounds, you need to first know how to produce the sounds; then you need to practice and get feedback.(为了发出英语的发音，你首先需要知道如何发出声音，然后你需要练习并获得反馈。)可知此处说的是要获得反馈。所以A. Ask for feedback(寻求反馈)符合语境。故选A。
④根据上一句"In order to produce English sounds, you need to first know how to produce the sounds; then you need to practice and get feedback.(为了发出英语的发音，你首先需要知道如何发出声音，然后你需要练习并获得反馈。)可知此处说的是要获得反馈。所以E. Then get feedback from someone to make sure you are speaking correctly(然后从某人那里得到反馈，以确保你说的正确)符合语境，E项中的"get feedback"与呼应上文的"get feedback"。故选E。
⑤前一句"Too many learners feel that having a high level in English is all about devotion and working hard. The biggest problem with this is that it is very difficult to maintain.(太多的学习者认为，要获得高水平的英语就必须投入和努力。最大的问题是它很难坚持。)"说明大多数英语学习者感觉高水平的英语要投入和努力，而且还很难维持，后一句"They work hard, then do nothing and then study hard again. This cycle will get you nowhere. (他们努力学习，然后什么也不做，然后又努力学习。这个循环将会让你一事无成。)说明了一些学习者只是一遍遍努力学习，然后再什么也不做，最终会一事无成的循环周期，因此推断空处承上启下，说明很难坚持导致的结果。所以D.That is why so many learners go through cycles of study(这就是如此多的学习者要经历学习周期的原因)符合语境，D项中的that指代上文提到的事情，cycle呼应后文的cycle。故选D。Unit 9 Learning Lesson 1 Active Learning—高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
一、重点单词
n. 方法 ____________
n. 几何(学) ____________
n. 搭档，同伴 ____________
vt. 认为；假定，假设 ____________
adj. 自动的；无意识的 ____________
adj. 内部的 ____________
adj. 外部的，外面的 ____________
adj. 灵活的，可变通的 ____________
n. 恐龙 ____________
n. 资料；数据 ____________
二、重点短语
学习过程 ________________________
温习，复习 ________________________
思考 ________________________
争吵 ________________________
灵活表达你的观点 ________________________
三、知识讲解
1. Be flexible in your opinions and you might end up agreeing with the speaker/ writer after all.
你的观点要有灵活性，最终，你也许会同意说话人或是作者的观点。
end up的用法
end up 结束；结果，后面可以接不同的形式。
(1) end up doing 以……结束；最后；最终
If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting something you don't want.
如果你不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能会得到自己不想要的东西。
We were going to go out but ended up watching TV at home.
我们原本打算外出，结果却是待在家里看电视。
(2) end up in在……中结束，以……方式结束
Their effort ended up in failure.
他们的努力以失败告终。
(3) end up with 用……结束
The meeting ended up with a song.
会议以一首歌结束。
注意：
(1) end up doing不是“结束做某事”，不能将其理解为finish doing sth.或stop doing sth.，可理解为do sth.in the end。
(2) end up in sth.有时表示意料之外的结果。
2. If you try to find out the source of an idea, no matter how crazy it seems, you will increase your chance of learning something.
如果你努力去弄清楚一个想法的源头，不论它看起来多么的愚蠢，这都可以增加你学到东西的可能性。
no matter how + adj./ adv.+句子
“no matter how + adj./ adv.+句子”引导的是一个让步状语从句，意为“无论……”或“不管……”。
Keep trying no matter how hard it seems, and it will get easier.
无论多么艰难，努力尝试，它就会变得容易。
No matter how old we get, we always need a place to call home.
不管我们年龄多大，我们总要有一个称为家的地方。
No matter how fast you ran, you could not catch up with him.
无论你跑得有多快，你都不能赶上他。
They will never succeed, no matter how much they try.
不管他多么努力，他们都不会成功。
注意：
(1) 在no matter how + adj./ adv.句式中，可以用however来代替no matter how。
(2) no matter后可接其他的疑问词，如：no matter who; no matter which; no matter what; no matter when; no matter where +句子来引导一个让步状语从句。
No matter who knocks at the door, don't open it.
不管是谁敲门都不要开。
No matter which path you choose, the act of forgiving is the first step.
无论你采用何种方式，宽恕是首先要做的。
No matter what happened, he could keep calm.
不管发生了什么，他总能保持镇定。
No matter when I got a chance, I wanted to give him a hand.
只要有机会，我就会给他帮助。
No matter where you work, you must keep in touch with me.
不管你在哪里工作，你都必须和我保持联系。
3. It is true that we cannot help disliking some people—this is human nature, after all.
确实，我们难免会讨厌某些人，毕竟这是人的本性。
It is true that 句型
在“It is true (clear, obvious, possible, certain...) that”句型中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
It is true that some people achieve success very early in life while others must work along time before achieving their goals.
情况确实如此，有些人一生中很早就获得成功，而另外一些人则要工作很长一段时间方能实现自己的目标。
It is clear that not all boys like football.
很明显，不是所有的男孩都喜欢足球。
can not help doing sth.
can not help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
She could not help crying when she heard the news.
当听到这个消息时，她禁不住哭了起来。
I can not help thinking that he knows more than he has told us.
我不禁认为他知道的比他告诉我们的还要多。
can not help but do sth. 禁不住/ 不得不做某事
can not help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事
She couldn't help but wonder what he was thinking.
她不禁琢磨着他在想什么。
One can not help but reflect on his past experience.
一个人不禁反思起了他过去的经历。
I am sorry I can not help (to) do the housework.
对不起我不能帮忙做家务。
四、基础练习
1.I was unaware of his _______ (exist) until today.
2.After a heated _______ (argue) a decision was finally taken.
3.The ______ (reflect) of sunlight on the lake dazzled me.
4.There is so much _______ (ignore) about mental illness.
5.He has told me his plans and he's made a good _______ (impress) on me.
6.Bill suggested _____(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
7.I heard they had promoted Tom, but he didn't mention _____(promote) when we talked on the phone.
8.They often end up _____(spend) all the money, going into debt, and experience ruined social relationships.
9.There are various summer camps for your holidays and you can choose one _____(base) on your interest.
10.__________(assume) that the maths problem is not that difficult, I didn’t turn to the teacher for help.
五、拓展练习
Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. "Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says. However her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
11.What did Jennifer do after high school
A.She helped her dad with his work. B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college. D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
12.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield
A.To take care of her kids easily. B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents. D.To find a well-paid job there.
13.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal
A.Her health. B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation. D.Her chance of promotion.
14.What can we learn from Jennifer's story
A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success.
15.①______ Moving from high school into college can be especially difficult because of the freedom students experience in college along with a new set of expectations.
In high school, students usually live at home, and their parents take care of all their physical needs such as food and housing. ②______ Parents are also there to offer help and make sure that the students' homework is done. During the school day, students rarely have free time. They go directly from one class to another. Teachers are always around to tell the students what to do. ③______ So students can often complete their homework and reading in a short time.
④______ They may be responsible for shopping, paying bills, and laundry. They also may have to cook their own meals. Their parents are not around to help with homework or even to check if it has been done. Contrary to students in high school, students in college may have a lot of free time between classes, but must discipline themselves to use this time productively for homework and other assignments. ⑤_____
A. High school students have to bury themselves in piles of papers.
B. Finally, the work itself is not so challenging.
C. By contrast, in college, students often live away from home in dorms or apartments.
D. In college, students may apply to a bank loan and others will try to find part time jobs.
E. Each new level of education brings new challenges and demands to students.
F. Most importantly, college requires a higher level of thinking and a lot more work than high school.
G. Students do not usually have to shop for their food, take time to pay bills, or even do their own laundry.
答案以及解析
1.答案：existence
解析：考查名词。句意：直到今天我才知道有他这么个人。形容词性物主代词后接名词，根据his可知，设空处应用名词形式。
2.答案：argument
解析：考查名词。句意：激烈辩论以后终于做出了决定。形容词后接名词，根据形容词heated可知，设空处应用名词形式。
3.答案：reflection
解析：考查名词。句意：湖面上反射的光把我的眼睛都照花了。冠词后接名词，根据定冠词The可知，设空处应用名词形式。
4.答案：ignorance
解析：考查名词。句意：人们对精神疾病很不了解。根据限定词much可知，该处用名词形式。
5.答案：impression
解析：考查名词。句意：他告诉了我他的计划，给我留下了一个好印象。形容词good后接名词，故可知设空处应填impression。
6.答案：holding
解析：句意为: 比尔建议开一个关于在假期要为上海世博会做什么的会议。suggest意为"建议", suggest doing sth为固定搭配。
7.答案：being promoted/having been promoted
解析：句意为: 我听说他们提拔了汤姆, 但是电话里他没有提到自己(已经)被提拔的事情。mention意为"提到, 提及", 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语, 且根据语境可知, 此处表示汤姆被提拔, 应用被动形式; 也可以理解为"提拔"的动作已经发生, 故用被动式的完成式。
8.答案：spending
解析：句意为: 他们的结局通常是钱财散尽、四处欠债, 并且承受被毁掉的社会关系。固定短语end up doing意为"以......而告终", 故此处填spending。
9.答案：based
解析：句意为: 假期里有各种各样的夏令营, 你可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。固定短语be based on意为"以......为基础; 根据", 此处为过去分词短语作定语, 故填based。
10.答案：Assuming
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：假设这道数学题没有那么难，我就不向老师求助。分析句子可知，assume（假定）与逻辑主语I是主动关系，应该用doing形式，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Assuming。
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition可知, 珍妮弗高中毕业后自己打工挣钱交学费, 故选C项。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.可知, 珍妮弗选择这所学校的课程是为了方便在上学的同时照顾自己的孩子, 故选A项。
13.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.可知, 珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标, 牺牲了许多与孩子待在一起的夜晚, 也错过了很多重要的活动, 故选B项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文主要讲述了主人公通过自己的努力完成学业, 最终获得成功的故事, 强调了她坚持不懈、努力拼搏的精神, C项(努力终将得到回报)符合文章主旨, 故选C项。
15.答案：①-⑤ EGBCF
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每一个新的教育水平绐学生带来新的挑战和要求，大学和高中有着很多的不同。
①根据后句Moving from high school into college can be especially different because of the freedom students experience in college along with a new set of expectations .可知，从高中进入大学是特别不同的，因为在大学学生可以很自由，并且有一系列新的期望。这是在解释说明段首句，E项(每一个新的教育水平绐学生带来新的挑战和要求)和下文连接语意通顺。故选E。
②根据前句In high school, students usually live at home, and their parents take care of al I their physical needs such as food and housing.可知，在高中时学生通常住在家里，他们的父母会照顾他们，如食物和起居方面。G项(学生通常不必亲自买食材，花时间付账单，甚至不用洗自己的衣服)能够具体解释父母是怎样照顾他们的。故选G。
③根据前文Parents are also there to offer help and make sure that the students' homework is done. Teachers are always around to tell the students what to do.可知，父母和老师在学生的学习生活中都会起到帮助作用； B项(最后，学习任务并没有那么具有挑战性)能够承接上文且与下文So students can often complete their homework and reading in a short time .(因此学生经常可以在短时间内完成作业和阅读)构成因果关系。故选B。
④根据空格后They may be responsible for shopping, paying bills, and laundry.可知，他们或许需要自己购物，付账单和洗衣服。这是学生远离家的时候自己应该做的事。C项(和高中时比，在大学里学生经常住在宿舍或离家较远的公寓里)和下文连接是通顺的。故选C。
⑤根据前句Contrary to students in high school , students in college may have a lot of free time between classes，but must discipline themselves to use this time productively or homework and other assignments .可知，与高中生相反，大学生可能有很多空闲时间，但必须让自己利用这段时间有效率地完成作业或其他任务。F项(最重要的是，在大学学生需要比高中时进行更高层次的思考和更多的学习)更进一步说明大学与高中的不同，与前一句是递进关系。故选F。
