Unit 3 The world of science Understanding ideas—高一英语外研版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
重点单词
press __________________
shoot __________________
gunpowder __________________
compass __________________
virtual __________________
flexible __________________
battery __________________
compute __________________
capable __________________
stuff __________________
desire __________________
重点短语
有……的能力 __________________
在……方面取得进步 __________________
就……而言 __________________
在古代 __________________
virtual reality __________________
wearable tech __________________
in addition __________________
never say never __________________
重难知识点
And now, we find ourselves in the great new age of technology
find +宾语+宾补 发现/觉得……怎么样
find+n./pron.+介词短语
We went to her house to help her but found her out of trouble.
我们去她家帮她，结果却发现她已经脱离了困境。
2. find+n./pron.+ adj.
I find my knowledge of the project limited. 我发现我对这个项目的了解有限。
3. find+n./pron.+副词
When we got home, we found the children all out. 当我们到家的时候，我们发现孩子们都出去了。
4. find+n./pron.+n.
You'll find it a frightening exploration. 你会发现这是一次令人恐惧的探险。
5. find+n./pron.+现在分词/过去分词
When we got home, we found our pet dog fixing its eyes on us.
当我们到家时，我们发现我们的宠物狗正盯着我们看。
注意：不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语而把不定式放在宾补之后，构成find it +宾补 +不定式结构
We find it easy to learn English. 我们发现学习英语很容易。
四、基础自测
1.Developing a habit of playing team sports can reduce ______________ (press) and keep fit.
2.Animals in the zoo have lost the ______________ (capable) to catch food for themselves.
3.As long as we struggle hard, our dream that seems not to be realised forever, can turn into (realise) sooner or later.
4.The ______________ (flexible) of distance learning would be particularly suited to busy managers.
5.Scientists and engineers around the world have made great ______________ (advance) in Artificial Intelligence.
6.The manager thought Paul was the best person for the job ______________ terms of both his ability and his quality.
7.As we all know,hard work is essential for our career and it can lead ______________ success.
8.Thanks ______________ his gift for learning foreign languages,Bill can communicate with people freely in this country now.
9.The hotel itself can accommodate 80 guests and addition,there are several self-catering apartments.
10.If you say the word “communication”, most people think ______________ words and sentences.
五、拓展练习
语法填空
Chinese net users have found a new way to battle desertification by playing virtual (虚拟的) planting games. Ant Forest, ①_______ is under Ant Financial of the Alibaba Group, told the Global Times that they had planted over 50 million trees covering about 507 square kilometers across China from 2016 to 2019.
Ant Forest is the first such game in China. In the Ant Forest plan, any activity ②_______ (consider) low carbon, including walking, taking public transport and online payments, will be converted into virtual “green energy”. The energy will be used to grow a virtual tree in the “forest” of the ③_______ (user). They exchange ④_______ for a real tree by paying the corresponding energy. Ant Forest will plant the real trees in spring and autumn each year ⑤_______ the help of local authorities in the desert areas. This way of planting trees ⑥_______(recognize) on October 23, 2018 by the National Afforestation Committee as ⑦_______ means for citizens to fulfill their obligation of planting trees.
The Chinese government attaches great ⑧_______ (important)to the protection of ecosystems. China aims ⑨_______ (increase)the forest cover to 23 percent by 2020, and to 26 percent by 2035. A new study using data from NASA satellite shows that the Earth becomes ⑩_______ (green) as a result of ambitious tree-planting programs in China.
阅读理解
There is a day in the life with AI, who follows your move: the way you travel, the food you eat, how you spend your money, the news you read and your social interactions...
7a.m You wake up and glance at your iPhone, which unlocks itself using facial recognition
Apple’s Face ID changes your face to a set of numbers that act as your own unique identifier. This biometric portrait is not set in stone-it uses AI to track changes in your appearance, updating its model if you grow a beard, change your makeup style or get older and it also detects whether your eyes are open and your attention is directed at your phone.
8:30a.m You drive to work in your electric car
Cars such as the Tesla can do most of the ordinary aspects of driving. The vehicle’s AI system collects data from eight cameras, identifies obstacles, lanes, intersections and traffic lights and decides what action to take, whether moving skillfully into an awkward parking spot or overtaking a slow lorry. But self-driving cars know only how to deal with situations they have seen before and an ongoing challenge is how to equip them for rare and unexpected events.
4:30p.m Your phone rings with a message from your Amazon Ring doorbell-a package has been delivered to your doorstep
Last year, about one in five households in the UK reported having an AI-based home security system. Amazon Ring uses a motion-activated camera, heat sensor and radar and uses computer vision software to make users different when a person, or a package, is outside their property. Humans have a heavy heat signature and with the radar, the object moving in 3D spaces can be detected.
9:30p.m You scroll (滚动) through a newspaper article that contains a special ad
As you read news articles, scroll through social media, make Google searches and buy things online, you leave a trail of clues about who you are, what you might want to spend your money on-that is incredibly valuable for digital advertisers. AI sifts (筛) this data for insights into your age, gender, lifestyle, income and your hobbies. This allows companies such as Google to serve up specific, targeted adverts that pop up as you scroll through a news article.
1. Which of the following is the disadvantage of electric cars
A. Tendency to cut in. B. Speeding on the lane.
C. Uncontrolled parking areas. D. Lack of information about emergencies.
2. What can we learn about AI from the text
A. Apple’s Face ID may change your facial features.
B. Self-driving vehicles can replace human drivers.
C. About 20% of English homes adopt Amazon Ring.
D. AI can work out your personal online preference.
3. What information does the text convey
A. We will live a better life with AI.
B. AI enters many aspects of our life.
C. The smartphone is a necessity for us.
D. Personal information is no longer secure.
答案以及解析
一、
v. 按
v. 射出，放射
n. 火药
n. 指南针，罗盘
adj. 虚拟的，模拟的
adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的
n. 电池
v. 计算
adj. 有能力的
n. 东西，物品
n. 渴望，欲望
二、
be capable of sth/doing sth
make advances in
in terms of
in ancient times
虚拟现实
可穿戴技术
除此之外，另外
别轻易说决不
四、
pressure
capability
reality
flexibility
advances
in
to
to
in
of
五、
语法填空
答案：1. which 2. considered 3. users 4. it 5. with 6. was recognized 7. a 8. importance 9. to increase 10. greener
解析：1. 本题主要考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知,... is under Ant Financial of the Alibaba Group 为非限制性定语从句,先行词 Ant Forest 为物,空处缺关系词,在从句中作主语,符合要求的关系词只有 which。故正确答案为 which。
2. 本题主要考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,谓语为 will be converted,故空处应填非谓语动词。结合文意,逻辑主语 any activity 和 consider 之间为被动关系,即“任何被认为是低碳的活动”,故应使用过去分词 considered。故正确答案为 considered。
3. 本题主要考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,空前有定冠词 the,故空处应填名词。user 意为“用户”,可数名词,此处应指所有开通“蚂蚁森林”的用户,故应用其复数形式 users。故正确答案为 users。
4. 本题主要考查代词。分析句子结构可知,空处缺宾语。exchange for 意为“交换”,结合本句中的 a real tree 推知,此处指将上文提到的虚拟树(a virtual tree)交换为真实的树,指代上文提到的同一事物可用代词 it。故正确答案为 it。
5. 本题主要考查固定搭配。with the help of 为固定搭配,意为“在……的帮助下”,符合文意。故正确答案为 with。
6. 本题主要考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空处缺谓语。根据时间状语 on October 23, 2018 可知,句子时态为一般过去时;结合文意,主语 This way of planting trees 和动词 recognize 之间为动宾关系,即“这种植树方式被确认为”,故此处应使用被动语态:was recognized。故正确答案为 was recognized。
7. 本题主要考查不定冠词。分析句子结构可知,空后 means 为可数名词,意为“方式;手段”,故空处缺冠词。结合文意,此处应指履行植树义务的其中一种方式,means 为辅音音素开头,故应使用不定冠词 a 表示泛指。故正确答案为 a。
8. 本题主要考查固定搭配。attach great importance to 为固定搭配,意为“非常重视……”,符合文意。故正确答案为 importance。
9. 本题主要考查固定搭配。aim to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为“旨在做某事”,符合文意。故正确答案为 to increase。
10. 本题主要考查形容词比较级。结合空后 as a result of ambitious tree-planting programs in China 可知,空处应表示中国积极植树带来的结果,此处使用比较级才能体现变化:地球变得更加绿(greener)了。故正确答案为 greener。
阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段：但自动驾驶汽车只知道如何处理它们以前见过的情况，一个持续的挑战是如何装备它们应对罕见和意外事件，可知，缺乏关于紧急情况的信息是电动汽车的缺点。故选D。
2.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段：AI筛选这些数据来了解你的年龄、性别、生活方式、收入和爱好，可知，人工智能可以计算出你的个人上网偏好。故选D.
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段：生活中总有一天，人工智能会跟踪你的一举一动：你旅行的方式、你吃的食物、你花钱的方式、你读的新闻和你的社交互动…结合文章主要通过四个时间点做的事情，来说明人工智能进入了我们生活的方方面面。可推知，文章传达的信息是人工智能进入我们生活的许多方面。故选B.Unit 3 The world of science Using language—高一英语外研版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
重点单词
origin __________________
minor __________________
accurate __________________
species __________________
passive __________________
extraordinary __________________
significant __________________
intelligent __________________
instance __________________
stream __________________
theory __________________
cure __________________
beyond __________________
injure __________________
mental __________________
重点短语
公历；阳历 __________________
自然选择 __________________
实地研究；实地调研 __________________
被视为…… __________________
以……命名 __________________
……的数量 __________________
例如 __________________
重难知识点
现在完成时的被动语态
肯定式 主语＋have/has been done...
否定式 主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式 疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
一般来说，主动语态和被动语态的选用应根据具体的情况而定。下面几种情况一般用被动语态。
不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Such books have been written for children. 这类书是为孩子们编写的。
强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
All these products have been tested. 这些产品都经过测试了。
3）动作的执行者很模糊。
The letter has been opened. 这封信被人拆开了。
4）有时为了礼貌的需要，避免说出动作的执行者。
They have been told many times not to make noises. 已经多次告诫他们不要吵闹了。
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already/yet 已经
recently/lately 最近
since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来
so far 迄今为止
up to/till now 到现在为止
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
只带一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
四、基础自测
1.The discovery of the new drug is ____________ (significance) for people suffering from heart disease.
2.The ____________ (origin) Venice Carnival came to an end about 200 years ago.
3.Honestly speaking, it's ____________ my power to help you solve such a difficult problem.
4.It has helped me become stronger, both ____________ (mental) and physically.
5.Professor Wang said the reason for shortsightedness is complicated and that there is still no excellent cure ____________ it.
6.More than 100 famous films ____________ (show) in the city since July.
7.Three new schools ____________ (open) in our city in the past five years.
8.It's the first time that the old computer ____________ (check) since I bought it.
9.Great changes ____________ (take) place in my hometown,where a lot of new houses (build).
10.With the problem solved, the quality of our product ____________ (improve).
五、拓展练习
七选五
You may have noticed many people wearing a square or round device on their upper arms this summer. This small device is called continuous glucose monitor (CGM), intended to help people with diabetes (糖尿病) keep track of and control their blood sugar levels. CGMs used to be available only on prescription (处方). ① _________ They can monitor blood sugar levels by wearing one.
CGMs have tiny sensors that are placed just under the skin. These sensors constantly monitor wearers’ blood sugar level. ② _________ Some of the monitors are even connected to insulin pumps (胰岛素泵) that do the work automatically.
Putting CGMs available on the market is a new thing. ③ _________ But there’s hope that the monitors will be beneficial for non-diabetics as well, including people taking medications that can raise blood sugar. Besides, many healthy people also want to check their blood sugar the way they check their blood pressure. ④ _________ While there is only one type of monitor on the market now, surely others will follow.
However, there’s no evidence that healthy people can make the best use of CGM for peak health. Since normal blood sugar changes during the day, someone could misread a temporarily low or high reading as dangerous. ⑤ _________
A．The result is sent to a user’s smartphone.
B．So there’s little data to confirm the benefits.
C．At present, people can buy CGMs in any drug store.
D．With CGMs, patients can examine blood sugar levels by themselves.
E．Many companies have motivation to promote CGMs to these people.
F．Doctors have long felt healthy people could also benefit from CGMs.
G．It’s better to interpret the monitor’s information under the guidance of a doctor.
阅读补全
将下列几个部分(A、B、C、D和E)按题号排序，构成一个符合逻辑的完整语篇。
①_______→②_______→③_______→④_______→⑤_______
A. Actually, blue light is a type of high-energy visible light. Too much exposure to blue light, especially from artificial sources like screens, can damage your retina (视网膜) and affect ·your sleep patterns.
B. These regular breaks will allow your eyes to relax and refocus, reducing the risk of developing long-term vision problems. It's also important to monitor the total amount of time you spend on devices every day.
C. In today's digital age, we're spending increasingly more time looking at screens. Statistics found that people around the world use gadgets (小型电器) for about seven hours a day—more than the amount of time recommended by health experts.
D. So it is necessary to reduce the time spent on digital devices to minimize exposure to blue light. You can follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.
E. This new habit can significantly affect your eye health and overall wellness. That's due to one simple fact: screens are a major source of blue light. If you've heard a lot about blue light in relation to screen time, you may be wondering what exactly it is.
答案以及解析
一、
n.起源；起因
adj. 小的
adj.精确的
n. 物种
adj.被动的
adj.出色的；非凡的
adj.重要的；影响深远的
adj.聪颖的
n. 例子；实例
n.小河；小溪
n.学说；理论
n.治疗；药剂
prep. 无法……
v.使受伤，弄伤
adj.精神的；精神健康的
二、
Gregorian calendar
natural selection
field research
be regarded as
name after
the number of
for instance
四、
1.significant 考查词性转换。句意:这种新药的发现对心脏病患者来说很有意义。 此处作表语,因此用形容词形式。
2.original 考查词性转换。句意:最初的威尼斯狂欢节大约在200年前就结束了。修饰Venice Carnival用形容词,original意为“最初的”。
3.beyond 考查固定搭配。句意:诚实地讲,我没有能力帮你解决这么困难的问题。beyond one's power超出某人的能力。
4.mentally 考查词性转换。句意:它帮助我在精神上和身体上都变得更加强大了。根据and physically可知答案为mentally。
5.for 考查固定搭配。句意:王教授说近视的原因很复杂,还没有一种很好的治愈方法。a cure for...……的治疗方法。
6.have been shown 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:自从7月以来,100多部著名电影已经在这个城市上映了。 films与show之间为被动关系,又根据时间状语 since July可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。
7.have been opened 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在过去的五年里,我市已经开办了三所新学校。schools与open之间为被动关系,又根据时间状语in the past five years可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。
8.has been checked 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:自从我买了这台旧电脑以来,这是它第一次被检查。分析句子结构可知,that从句用现在完成时。computer与check之间为被动关系,因此用现在完成时的被动语态。
9.have taken;have been built 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:我的家乡发生了很大的变化,建起了很多新房子。根据语境可知两个空用现在完成时,Great changes与take place为主动关系,因此第一空应用主动语态;houses与build之间是被动关系,所以第二空为have been built。
易错分析: 第一空会错填have been taken。注意:happen、occur、take place、break out等为不及物动词(短语),它们不用于被动语态。
10.has been improved 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:随着问题的解决,我们的产品质量已经得到了改善。根据句意可知此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,故填has been improved。
五、
七选五：
答案：①-⑤CABEG
解析：①上文“This small device is called continuous glucose monitor(CGM),intended to help people with diabetes(糖尿病)keep track of and control their blood sugar levels. CGMs used to be available only on prescription(处方).(这种小型设备被称为连续血糖监测仪(CGM),旨在帮助糖尿病患者跟踪和控制血糖水平。)”提到连续血糖监测仪以前只能凭处方购买，C项(目前，人们可以在任何药店买到CGM。)进一步论述，说明现在人们可以在任何药店购买CGM,并且C项中的At present与上文的used to be形成对比。故选C。
②上文“CGMs have tiny sensors that are placed just under the skin. These sensors constantly monitor wearers' blood sugar level.(CGMs具有放置在皮肤下的微小传感器。这些传感器持续监测佩戴者的血糖水平。)”提到CGM的传感器不断监测佩戴者的血糖水平，A项(结果会发送到用户的智能手机上)进一步解释CGM监测到的血糖结果会直接发送到用户的智能手机上，语义衔接紧密，且C项中的The result指代上文提到的血糖水平监测结果。故选A。
③上文“Putting CGMs available on the market is a new thing.(将CGM推向市场是一件新鲜事。)”提到把CGM投入市场是新鲜事，B项(所以几乎没有数据可以证实这些好处。)中的So表示因果关系，说明因此很少有数据能证实CGM的好处，与上文形成连贯，故选B。
④上文“Besides, many healthy people also want to check their blood sugar the way they check their blood pressure.(此外，许多健康的人也想像检查血压一样检查血糖。)”提到许多健康的人也想像检查血压那样检查血糖，E项(许多公司都有动力向这些人推广CGM。)说明许多公司有动机向这些人推广CGM,且E项中的these people指代上文提到的“many healthy people”健康的人，语意连贯。故选E。
⑤上文“Since normal blood sugar changes during the day, someone could misread a temporarily low or high reading as dangerous.(由于白天血糖正常变化，有人可能会将暂时的低或高读数误读为危险。)”提到有些人对血糖值的误解，G项(最好在医生的指导下解读监护仪的信息。)对上文的现象提出解决的办法，说明最好在医生的指导下解读监测器的信息。故选G。
阅读补全：
答案：①-⑤CEADB
解析：
①主题引入，提出一个现象，即现代人花费大量时间使用数字设备。
②进一步解释为什么屏幕使用时间长对健康有负面影响，即因为屏幕是蓝光的主要来源。这引出了对蓝光的解释。
③这一段具体解释了蓝光是什么，以及过度接触蓝光可能带来的负面影响，如损害视网膜和影响睡眠模式。
④在讲解了蓝光可能带来的伤害后，这个部分提出了一个具体的解决策略，即20-20-20规则，以减少蓝光的负面影响。
⑤最后，这一部分补充了减少蓝光伤害的其他建议，强调了定期让眼睛休息的重要性，并建议监控每天在设备上的总使用时间。Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas—高一英语外研版（2019）必修第三册课前导学
重点单词
draft __________________
declaration __________________
experiment __________________
lightning __________________
fiction __________________
metal __________________
attach __________________
flash __________________
conduct __________________
scientific __________________
entirely __________________
gravity __________________
proof __________________
procedure __________________
重点短语
introduce sb to sth __________________
it is proved that ... __________________
there is no proof that ... __________________
be designed to do sth __________________
对……有贡献；造成；促使 __________________
得出结论 __________________
触电 _________________
重难知识点
1. people wanted to know if lightening was really produced by electricity or something else.
if 引导的条件状语从句和if 引导的宾语从句的区分:
1). if 在句中的含义不同
① I want to know if he is a teacher. 我想知道他是不是一名教师。
② I’ll go to see you if I am free next week. 如果我下周有空，我会去看你。
If 在宾语从句中翻译为“是否”；
If 在条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”。
2). if 在从句中的位置不同
①I don’t know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否已经到了。
②I will go out tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
= If it doesn’t rain, I will go out tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我就出去。
If 引导的宾语从句放在主句之后；而if引导的状语从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后
If 引导的条件状语从句放于句首时多用逗号隔开；而if引导的宾语从句则不能。
3). 时态要求上有区别
① I want to know if there will be a sports meeting next month.
我想知道下个月是否会举办一场运动会。
② If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go out. 如果不下雨，我们就出去。
If 引导的宾语从句的时态由主句及本身时态决定；
If 引导条件状语从句的时态为一般现在时 记住“主将从现” 。
Franklin, along with many other scientists, has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
主谓一致的“就前原则”:
由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to等引起的结构跟前面的主语保持一致。
四、基础自测
1. The picture is attached ____ the wall by a nail.
2. There are a number of improvements; ____ instance, both mouse buttons can now be used.
3. His _______ (science) experiments are always carefully designed.
4. We read the ___________ (declare) posted on the board.
5. Rubber is not a _______ (conduct), and neither are plastics.
6. A year later I found out the true ________ (significant) of the name.
7. The test can ___________ (accurate) predict what a bigger explosion would do.
8. It is ___________ (prove) that this new method is more efficient than the traditional one.
9. The accident ___________ (take) place at the intersection.
10.The research project, which _________ designed to find a cure for this rare disease, has attracted a lot of funding.
五、拓展练习
短文填空
In early December, Zhang Guimei was named a national outstanding（杰出的） member of the Communist Party of China for her Contribution to ① _____ (educate) in China.
About 20 years ago, while on the way to visit a student’s house, Zhang Guimei, then a teacher in Huaping, Yunnan Province, noticed a girl ② _____ (sit) on the hillside. The girl, 13, told Zhang she was about to get married. It was decided by her parents. “But I want to go to school,” the girl said. Zhang went to her house and tried to persuade（说服） her parents to let the girl return to school and promised to pay for the school fees（费用） ③ _____ (her). However, they didn’t agree.
From then on, Zhang dreamed ④ _____ building a free high school for girls. After years of trying to raise money, ⑤ _____ (final) in 2008, Huaping High School for Girls, a free public high school, was founded at the foot of the Shizi Mountain in Huaping, ⑥ _____ Zhang is the headmaster.
Her efforts have been worth it. Since 2008, more than 1,800 ⑦ _____ (student) have been admitted to college, which is considered a “miracle（奇迹）” in that far area.
Zhang plays ⑧ _____ active part in local education, It is reported that she ⑨ _____ (give) the honor at the country’s “role model for teachers” in February, 2021. Her moving stories encourage ⑩ _____ (thousand) of people.
阅读理解
Most people would tremble at the idea of getting caught up in a 73.5-foot wave. But for Brazilian pro-surfer Maya, it presented the perfect opportunity to break her 2018 world record for the largest wave surfed by a female. The athlete skillfully maneuvered（操控）the massive wave at the World Surf League (WSL) Nazare Tow Surfing Challenge in Praia do Norte, Portugal, where she established her first world record by riding a 68-foot wave.
“When I let go of the rope, I had a feeling it could be the one but wasn’t sure. The speed was very high, but the noise that the wave made when it broke made me realize that this was probably the biggest wave I’d ever ridden.
Her record, earning her WSL’s 2020 women’s Biggest Wave Award, was two feet higher than Dupont’s wave, who had ridden the largest wave. It was also 3.5 feet higher than the 70-foot wave ridden by the 2020 men’s Biggest Wave Award winner Kai Lenny!
“Our sport is very male-dominated, with the performances on the male side being often much stronger than ours as females,” she said. “This year, a woman did surf the biggest, tallest wave of the year. It opens the idea that in other categories and other areas of surfing, this could be accomplished, too.”
Though Maya, who has been surfing competitively since she was 15, seemed to effortlessly move over the monster surf, it has not all been smooth sailing. Her first attempt at pursuing the world’s biggest wave in Nazare, Portugal, in 2013 could have ended her career. The surfer suffered a disastrous wipeout that broke her ankle and almost caused her to drown. However, it did not reduce her determination to create her record as one of the world’s greatest surfers!
1.What was Maya’s result in WSL Nazare Tow Surfing Challenge in 2018
A．71.5 feet. B．68 feet. C．70 feet. D．73.5 feet.
2.What made Maya believe she was riding the biggest wave
A．The noise of the wave. B．The speed of the wave.
C．The size of the wave. D．The height of the wave.
3.What did Maya think of her achievement
A．It reflected people’s idea about surfing.
B．It represented the highest level of surfers.
C．It proved the ability of female surfers.
D．It indicated the domination of males.
4.What led to Maya’s achievement
A．Her strong will. B．Her talent. C．Her attempt. D．Her frustration.
答案以及解析
一、
v. 起草，草拟
n. 声明，宣告
n. （科学）实验
n. 闪电
n. 虚构的事，想象的事
n. 金属
v. 系，绑；贴
n. 闪光
v. 传导（热、电）
adj. 科学（上）的
adv. 完全地，彻底地
n. 重力，引力
n. 证明，证据
n. 程序，步骤，手续
二、
使某人初次接触某事物
经证实……
没有证据证明……
被设计来做某事
contribute to
draw / arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion
get an electric shock
四、
to
for
scientific
declaration
conductor
significance
accurately
proved
took
is
五、
短文填空
答案：education；sitting；herself；of；finally；where；students；an；was given；thousands
解析：①考查不可数名词。句意：12月初,张桂梅因对中国教育的贡献而被评为中国共产党全国优秀党员。分析句子可知，横线前面的to是介词,所以横线处用名词作宾语，education"教育"是抽象名词，不可数。故填education。
②考查现在分词。句意:大约20年前,时任云南省华平市教师的张桂梅在去学生家的路上,注意到一个女孩坐在山坡上。分析句子可知,本句谓语为noticed,所以横线处动词作非谓语,逻辑主语a girl与sit之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填sitting。
③考查反身代词。句意:张来到她家,试图说服父母让女孩回到学校,并承诺自己支付学费。分析句子可知,横线处表示”她自己",要用反身代词。故填herself。
④考查介词。句意:从那时起,张梦想着为女孩建立一所免费的高中。dream of doing sth."梦想做某事"是固定短语。故填of。
⑤考查副词。句意:经过多年的筹款努力,终于在2008年,华平女子高中,一所免费的公立高中,在华平狮子山脚下成立,张是那里的校长。分析句子可知,横线处用副词finally"终于"作状语修饰整个句子。故填finally。
⑥考查非限制性定语从句。句意:经过多年的筹款努力,终于在2008年,华平女子高中,一所免费的公立高中,在华平狮子山脚下成立,张是那里的校长。分析句子可知,横线处引导费县制定定语从句,从句中不缺主语或者宾语,先行词为a free public high school,指一个地方,在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用where引导该从句。故填where。
⑦考查可数名词复数。句意:自2008年以来,已有1800多名学生被录取,这被认为是该地区的"奇迹"。横线前面为1800,所以横线处用可数名词复数。故填students。
⑧考查不定冠词。句意:张在当地教育中发挥了积极作用。play a part in"发挥作用,有影响"是固定用法。active的发音以元音音素开头,所以冠词用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑨考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:据报道,她于2021年2月被授予国家”教师模范"荣誉称号。根据时间状语 in February, 2021可知本句用一般过去时,横线处作句子谓语,she与give之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,主语she是第三人称单数,所以be动词用was。故填was given。
⑩考查可数名词复数。句意:她感人的故事鼓舞了成千上万的人。thousands of"成千上万"是固定用法。故填thousands。
阅读理解
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The athlete skillfully maneuvered (操控) the massive wave at the World Surf League (WSL) Nazare Tow Surfing Challenge in Praia do Norte, Portugal, where she established her first world record by riding a 68-foot wave.(在葡萄牙北普拉亚举行的世界冲浪联盟（WSL）纳扎尔拖曳式冲浪挑战赛上，这位运动员熟练地驾驭了巨浪，在那里，她骑着68英尺高的巨浪创造了自己的第一项世界纪录)”可知，Maya在2018年WSL纳扎尔拖曳冲浪挑战赛中的成绩是68英尺。故选B。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The speed was very high, but the noise that the wave made when it broke made me realize that this was probably the biggest wave I’d ever ridden.(速度很快，但波浪破碎时发出的噪音使我意识到这可能是我所乘过的最大的波浪)”可知，海浪的噪音使Maya相信她正在乘着最大的海浪。故选A。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Our sport is very male-dominated, with the performances on the male side being often much stronger than ours as females(我们的运动是以男性为主的，男性的表现往往比女性强得多)和最后两句“This year, a woman did surf the biggest, tallest wave of the year. It opens the idea that in other categories and other areas of surfing, this could be accomplished, too.(今年，一个女人确实冲浪了一年中最大、最高的海浪。它开启了一个想法，在其他类别和其他领域的冲浪，这是可以做到的)”可知，Maya认为她的成就证明了女性冲浪者的能力。故选C。
4.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The surfer suffered a disastrous wipeout that broke her ankle and almost caused her to drown. However, it did not reduce her determination to create her record as one of the world’s greatest surfers!(这个冲浪者遭受了一次灾难性的擦伤，摔断了脚踝，差点淹死。然而，这并没有削弱她创造世界最伟大冲浪者纪录的决心！)”可知，坚强的意志导致了玛雅的成就。故选A。
