Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Words and Expressions课件（共34张）人教版（2019）必修第三册

(共34张PPT)
Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES
Words and Expressions
dilemma n.困境;进退两难的境地
moral dilemma 道德困境
be in a dilemma 处于困境
face a dilemma 面临困境
get out of a dilemma 摆脱困境
place sb in a dilemma 使某人处于进退两难的境地
e.g. They try to find a way out of their dilemma.
他们试图摆脱困境。
We are in a dilemma of whether to move or not.
搬家还是不搬，我们左右为难。
dilemma n.困境;进退两难的境地
（1）I am grateful that you help me get out of the dilemma I was 　　　　 　.
完成句子
（2） Many moms 　　　　　　　 （面临两难的处境） about whether they should go back to work or not.
in
face a dilemma
Did you hear that James helped an old woman who fell down while crossing the street？你听说詹姆斯帮助一个过马路时摔倒的老太太了吗？
[句式分析]　while crossing the street是“连词＋分词短语”结构，是状语从句while she was crossing the street的省略形式。
当由when，while，before，after，unless，as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，省略从句中的主语和be动词。省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词。
While playing with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.
当这位父亲和孩子们在户外玩耍时，他感到非常幸福。
Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.
天气虽然冷，他还是(只)穿了一件衬衫。
where还可用在表示抽象意义的地点名词后，如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition, activity, scene, occasion等,意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in. 事情发展到如此地步，不得不请双方家长来一趟了。
You have reached a point______ medicine can’t help.
I have reached the stage ______ I just don’t care any more.
where
where
有关“carry”的高频搭配：
carry out 实施；履行；执行
carry on (with sth./doing)
继续；参与
carry through sth.
成功完成，顺利实现
carry forward 继承；弘扬
carry sb. back (to sth.)
使回想起；使回忆
carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关
Her encouragement and support helped _________ me __________.
She needed a clear head to __________ her instructions.
③You'll wear yourself out if you _________ working so hard.
④I’d be grateful if you let me carry on _______my job.
⑤If you carry on _________（spend）money like that, you will end up in debt.
⑥The activity is aimed at ______________ the traditional Chinese culture.
⑦ The smell of the sea _______her_______ her childhood.
carry through
carry out
carry on
with
spending
carrying forward
carried back to
①a/the majority of... 大多数… (v.的单复数取决于of后的n.）
be in the/a majority 占多数
② major
adj. 主要的，重要的，大的
play a major role/part in sth. 在某事中起重要作用
n. 主修课程，专业；主修学生 an English major 英语专业的学生
vi. 主修；专门研究 major in 主修
例句：他的专业是物理。
③minority n. 少数(人);少数民族
minor adj. 次要的；较少的；轻微的
majority n. 大部分；大多数
His major is physics.
He majors in physics.
The ________ (major) of the citizens in that region have been affected by social media.
An agreement (协议) seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ (be) against it.
In college I _________ (主修) Natural Science. What was your major
Ding Zhen is from a ___________(minor).
单句语法填空/完成句子
majority
are
majored in
minority
complain vi. & vt. 抱怨；发牢骚
(1)complain (to sb. )about/of (doing) sth. 向某人抱怨某事
complain (to sb.) that+句子 (向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 抱怨，投诉，怨言
make a complaint to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
词性变化积累
v．＋-t→n.
weigh 称重→weight 重量
join 连接→joint 接头
1.I’ve made a __________ (complain) to the police about the noise.
2. She ____________________ (向我抱怨说) no one could tell her the feature of the house.
3. We should think about how to deal with the problems instead of ________________________________________________ (抱怨别人的错误).
complaint
complained to me that
complaining / making a complaint about others’ mistakes
respond vt.回答；回复　vi.做出反应；回应
respond to sb/sth　回答，回复；对……做出反应
Like any other public servants, police must respond to the public demand.
像其他任何公务员一样，警察必须对公众要求作出反应。
response n．反应；回答；回复
in response (to...) 作为(对……的)答复/反应
make a/no response (to...)(对……)不做/做出回应/反应
After all, knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly ________ emergencies.
He knocked on the door but there was no ________ (respond).
The government is due ________ (make) its formal response to the commission’s proposals in two months.
Beckham’s spokesman told the BBC he had no comment to make _______ response.
to
response
to make
a
appoint vt.任命；委派；安排；确定
①appoint sb as/to be 任命某人为...
appoint sb to do 委派某人做某事
②appointment n.任命；约定；约会
by appointment 按照约定
make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人约会
break/keep an appointment 爽约/ 守约
③appointed adj.约定的，指定的
at the appointed time 在约定的时间
①My patient broke that important (appoint).
②I have an appointment Dr.Smith, but I need to change it.
③A nurse was appointed (attend) her during her illness.
appointment
with
to attend
charge n. 费用；价钱；主管；负责 vi.& vt.收费；控诉；充电
(1)take charge of... 掌管/负责……
in charge (of) 控制/管理/主管/负责
in/under the charge of... 受……的管理，由……负责
free of charge(＝for free) 免费
(2)charge sb. for sth/doing sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth.＝accuse sb. of (doing) sth.
控告某人(做)某事
①He was charged ______ murder.=He was accused _____ murder.
②He ______________ (=he is __________) the farm after his father's death.=The farm is __________________him after his father’s death.
③Who’s ___________ here
with
of
takes charge of
in charge of
in charge
in the charge of
tend vt.照顾；照料　vi.倾向；趋于
tend (to) sb./sth. =attend to sb./sth. 照料/护理某人；照管某物
tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事
She tended (to) her husband carefully during his illness.
People tend to get fat when they grow older.
tendency n．趋势；倾向
have a tendency to do sth. 做某事的倾向
There is a tendency (for sb./sth.) to do sth. (某人/某事)有做某事的倾向
There is a growing tendency to regard money more highly than quality of life.
越来越多的人倾向于把金钱看得重于生活质量。
Typically，people tend _________（make) mistakes when tired.
The nurses were tending ______ those injured by firecrackers.
She had a _____________ (tend) to talk fast when she was nervous.
to make
to
tendency
从那以后，他变得非常害怕蜘蛛。
After that he became very scared of spiders.
他们太累了，也太害怕失败了。
They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing.
我非常害怕，以至于不知如何是好。
I was so scared that I didn’t know what to do
be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕某物
be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事
be scared that... 害怕……
be scared to death 吓得要死
scared adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的
(1) scare vt. 惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 n. 惊吓
It scares sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人感到害怕
scare... away/off 吓走/吓跑…
scare sb. into/out of doing sth. 威胁/恐吓某人做/不敢做某事
scare sb. to death 把某人吓得要死
(2)scary adj. 恐怖的，吓人的 a scary movie 恐怖电影
①When we are getting excited, angry or _______ (scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes.
②The atmosphere was _______ and we felt ______ of staying in the room. (scare)
③We were all scared _______ (go) to the cemetery.
④They scared him into ___________ (hand) over the keys.
⑤We'll scare her out of _________ (tell) the police.
scared
scary
scared
to go
handing
telling
replace vt.接替；取代；更换
replace A with/by B 用B代替A
在不久的将来，数字生活将取代人类文明。
Digital life will replace human civilization in the near future.
这家工厂用机器人取代了大多数工人。
The factory replaced most of its workers with robots.
代替
replace
in place of
instead of
take the place of
“Life is precious（珍贵的）. ... To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust （托付） me with that life, how could I refuse（拒绝） that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired ” (Para. 1)
解析：否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级的含义。
“否定词＋形容词比较级＋than...”
“没有什么比……更加……”
Life is the most precious to a person.
1. 在我生命中没有比你更重要的人了。
There is no person _______________________________ in my life.
2. 没有比这本书更有趣的了。
No book is ________________ than this one.
3. 我再同意不过了。
I couldn’t _______________.
more important than you
more interesting
agree more
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(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
一、否定词与比较级连用，“有时”可以表最高级。
1. 否定主语，即主语本身是一些否定词。
比如：nobody，nothing，no +名词 或no other +名词作主语，后加比较级，表示“没有什么人或物可与之相比”。
①Nothing is more important than this. 没有什么比这件事更重要了。
=Nothing is so important as this.
= This is the most important thing. 这件事最重要。
②Nobody works harder than Tom.
= Tom works hardest.
最高级意义的多种表达法
2. 否定谓语，即借助情态动词的否定形式can’t/couldn’t 后加比较级，或never，not，no等否定词。表示“不能做到与之相比”。
I couldn’t agree with you any more. 我非常同意。
It couldn’t be worse. 不能再糟糕了。
I've never seen a nicer bird than this one.
(用否定词加比较级表最高级, 比直接用最高级感觉更有说服力。)
最高级意义的多种表达法
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
Linda is quieter than any of the other girls in her class.
Jack gets up earlier than anyone else in our class.
(1)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
最高级意义的多种表达法
Nothing is easier than this. = This is the easiest thing.
Nothing is so easy as this. = This is the easiest thing.
Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
Linda is quieter than any of the other girls in her class.
Jack gets up earlier than anyone else in our class.
(1)单句语法填空
①I have never heard a (good) voice than hers.
②It has more fresh water any of the other countries in the world.
(2)完成句子
③汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
Tom is in his class.
④实践最为重要。
Nothing is practice.
better
than
more intelligent than any other student
as/so important as (＝more important than)
“Life is precious（珍贵的）. ... To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust （托付） me with that life, how could I refuse（拒绝） that trust, saying I’m cold, hungry, or tired ” (Para. 1)
They came back from the park, ___________________________ all the way.
(一路欢声笑语）
The students entered the lecture hall,
______________________________.(跟随他们的老师）
画线部分在句中做什么成分？
following their teacher(s)
talking and laughing
现在分词做伴随状语
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语，若现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，则用doing；若现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前，强调先后顺序时，则用having done。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或表示谓语动词所表示的动作发生时的伴随情况，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant, feeling frustrated.
王鹏坐在他那空荡荡的餐馆里，感到十分沮丧。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay.
他们的车遇上了交通阻塞，结果耽误了。
① (walk) slowly across the grass, he pointed the gun at the target and fired.
② (hear) the news, they all jumped with joy.
③They would be able to reply to our signals, (use) similar methods.
④All night long I lay awake, (think) of the problem.
⑤Her husband died ten years ago, (leave) her with three children to look after.
⑥ (fail) for ten times, she had to change her way of doing the experiment.
Walking
Hearing
using
thinking
leaving
Having failed
名词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，但条件是主语与不定式是逻辑上的主谓关系。即：主语 + 谓语 + the first / second / last + to do sth.
当此名词与不定式之间是动宾关系时，用to be done作后置定语。
①She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department（妇产科） of the PUMC Hospital. (Para. 3)
②In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be appointed（任命） director（主任） of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. (Para. 4)
1. 阿姆斯特朗是第一个登（step）上月球的人 。
Neil Armstrong became the first man _________________________.
2. 刘洋是中国第一个被送入太空的女宇航员(astronaut)。
Liu Yang is the first _________________________________
___________into space.
to step on the moon
Chinese woman astronaut to
be sent
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主语 + 谓语 + the first / second / last + to do sth
3. 他总是第一个到达教室，又是最后一个离开的人。
He is always ____________________ and the last one ____________________________.
4. 最后一个到达（reach）终点线(finishing line)的人也会被授予奖章。
__________________________________________________ will also be awarded the prize.
the first to arrive
to leave the classroom
The last person to reach the finishing line
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The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. (Para. 5)
playing a key role是现在分词短语作saw的宾语补足语。
(1)现在分词短语作宾语补足语时，表示主动、进行。
(2)感官动词see，watch，observe，hear，notice等的宾语补足语有以下形式(以see为例)：
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看见某人 /某物被……
①I saw him (leave) a few minutes ago.
②I saw him (play) football when I came to his school.
③I often see the boy (blame) by his father for his carelessness.
leave
playing
blamed
see 在此表示“目睹；经历；见证”
在英语中，表示地点，时间的无生命的名词作主语，常用see, find（发现）, witness（目睹）等作谓语动词，采用拟人的修辞手法，增加了句子表达的形象性和生动性。
The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. (Para. 5)
1. This year has seen a big increase in road accidents.
今年道路交通事故大增。
2. Last night found a big fire in the chemical factory.
昨天晚上这家化工厂发生了一场火灾。
3. The cold street found a little boy crying on a winter morning.
在一个寒冷的清晨，一个小男孩儿在冰冷的街头哭泣。
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1. 1949年中华人民共和国成立了。
The year of 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
2. 在过去的十年内，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化 。
My hometown has witnessed great changes during the past 10 years.
即学即用