2025届高三英语复习：提升词汇量的利器 高中英语构词法精品课件 （共28张）(1)

(共28张PPT)
构词法
为什么要学习构词法？它又包括哪些呢？
1.disclose one’s secret
2. Microblog
3. It's all floating cloud.
4.envious, jealous and hateful
.
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之派生法
神马都是浮云
微博
吐槽
前缀:一般只改变词义,不改变词类
后缀:一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化
羡慕嫉妒恨
5.time-travel TV drama
6.group purchasing
7. daddy-is-the-key
8. leftover ladies
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之合成法
拼爹
穿越剧
团购
剩女
把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新
词, 这种构词的方法叫做合成法
1. 直接写在一起。
2. 用连字符(-)连接。
猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之转化法
9.被雷倒(到)了 in shock /shock sb
10.淡定 keep calm /calm down
转化法：不添加任何成分, 不改变词形, 把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
构词法
构词法：
合成(Compounding)
派生法（Derivation）
【前缀/后缀】
转化法（Conversion）
【词性转换】
{
合成（compounding）
合成法：
合成名词
合成形容词
{
构词方式 例词
blood-test验血，she-wolf母狼
handwriting, machine-building机械制造
freeway, shorthand速记
freezing-point, reading room
washroom, pickpocket扒手
breakthrough突破，get-together聚会
outbreak爆发，downfall垮台
名词/代词+名词
名词+动名词
形容词+名词
动名词+名词
动词+名词
动词+副词
副词+动词
2.合成形容词
构成方式 例词
noble-minded, three-legged
good-looking, fine-sounding动听的
high-class高级的，large-scale大规模的
duty-free免税的，airsick晕机的
形容词/数词+名词+ed
形容词+现在分词
形容词+名词
名词+形容词
peace-loving, English-speaking
man-made, snow-covered
hard-working, far-reaching深远的
well-known, widespread广泛流传的
four-day四天的, five-year
名词+现在分词
名词+过去分词
副词+现在分词
副词+过去分词
数词+名词
派生法（Derivation）---词缀法
1. 前缀prefixes:
Pre-
pre-reading, preview, precaution
Re-
rewrite, reconsider, reuse
（前）
(重新)
dis- （不）
disagree , dislike , disappear
misunderstand, mislead
mis –（错误或失当）
miniskirt, minibus
supermarket, superman
super- （超级）
mini-（微小）
in/im- （不）
incorrect impossible
foretell, forecast
post–(之后)
postwar, post-reading
fore-(前，预先)
semicircle, semi-final
semi-(半，部分)
antiwar, antibody(抗体)
anti- (阻止，抗)
underground, underline
under- （在……下， 在……中）
后缀（Suffixes）
后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分。后缀分为四种：
1）名词后缀；
2）形容词后缀；
3）动词后缀；
4）副词后缀
1）名词后缀
名词后缀有许多种，下面略举数种为例：表人，物，抽象名词等
-er worker(工人)
-ist artist(艺术家)
-or tractor(拖拉机)
-hood childhood(童年)
-ship friendship(友谊)
2）形容词后缀
表示一种事物具有或属于某种性质或状态，表意义“是……的”，“似……的”…
-ic atomic(原子的)
-ous famous(著名的)
-ful powerful(强有力的)
-y hilly(多山的)
3）动词后缀
表示“使成为……”，“致使”，“做……”，“化”，“变成……”等，如：
-fy glorify(使光荣)
-ize modernize(现代化)
-en lengthen(延长)
-ate discriminate(区分)
4）副词后缀
表示方式、方向、性质、状态等，如：
-wise clockwise(顺时针方向的)
-ways crossways(交叉地)
-wards southwards(向南)
-ly happily(幸福地)
转化法（Conversion）
taste
n. 味道
v.尝起来
{
It has a good taste.
It tastes very good.
record
n.记录
v. 记录
{
He broke the record.
He records something while reading a book.
correct
correction
incorrect
independent
depend
dependable
disable
disability
impossible
possible
possibility
wrong
mistaken
mistake
misunderstand
understand
undergraduate
graduate
graduation
n.
反义
独立的
词根
adj.
残疾的
n.
不可能的
n.
反义
n.
误解
词根
大学生
词根
n.
近义
反义
Words Building
一、请找出下列句中的合成词, 指出其意义。
1. This fully updated book features the latest information about study opportunities.
updated最新的
即时练习
2. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.
short-tempered 急脾气的
3. He is said to be “undersized,” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.
undersized个子小的
4. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …
What does the word “shoplifter” mean
A thief B. A guide in a shop
C. the owner of a shop D. A porter (搬运工)
shop+lifter shoplifter
lifter n. 小偷
二、请使用able的正确形式填空。
1. Computers _______ people to get more information more quickly.
2. He is ________ to discriminate colors. He is color-blind.
3 .Her lack of experience is a severe________.
enable
unable
disability
4. An accident ________ him from playing football.
5. Deaf people and dumb people are _________ .
6. I shall be _________ to manage without help.
disabled
disabled
able/ unable
三、请使用like的正确形式填空。
1. I have taken a strong ______ of him.
2.She is not ______ to come next month.
3. Great minds think_______ .
4. How do you ____ this book
5. It was very ____________ that he would do that.
dislike/like
likely
alike
like
unlikely/likely
6. I ______ being disturbed.
7. Everyone has his _____ and_______ .
8. Like father,_____ son.
9.___________ the rest of her family, she is outgoing and easy to get along with.
dislike
dislikes
likes
like
Unlike/ Like
That’s all.
Thank you！