北京大峪中学2024-2025学年高二（上）期中英语（PDF版，含答案）

2024北京大峪中学高二（上）期中
英 语
第二部分：知识运用
第一部分知识运用(共两节, 30 分)
第一节(共 10 小题;每小题 1. 5 分, 共 15 分)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题
卡上将该项涂黑。
17-year-old Norwood was driving three friends home in St. Petersburg, Florida, on February 20.
As they reached a crossroads, a black car__1__them. Their car sailed into someone's yard and crashed
into a tree.
As smoke rose from the car, a bystander shouted, "It is about to blow up！Get
out!”The__2__had caved in Norwood's driver's side door, jamming it shut. __3__, but otherwise OK,
she climbed out through the window. Along with two of her friends, who'd also managed
to__4__themselves, Norwood ran for her life.
But halfway down the street, she realized that her best friend, Simmons, wasn't with them.
Norwood ran __5__and found Simmons in the back seat, unconscious. She threw open the back door
and pulled her friend out, avoiding the broken glass as best as she could. She__6__Simmons to safety
and laid her on the ground. "I checked her pulse（脉搏）, and put my head against her chest. No sign
of life, Norwood told CNN, “That's when I started CPR. Fortunately, I__7__my CPR certificate
yesterday. "
She started pumping Simmons's chest and breathing into her friend's mouth in hopes of filling
her lungs with the kiss of life. No__8__. And then, after the 30 compressions（按压）and two rescue
breaths, Simmons regained consciousness. The CPR had__9__!
Soon, paramedics（急救人员）arrived and rushed Simmons to the hospital, where she heard
how her best friend had saved her life. “I wasn't__10__,”Simmons said. "She will always help any way
she can. "
1. A. stopped B. hit C. guided D. passed
2. A. impact B. symbol C. weight D. gravity
3. A. Relaxed B. Shaken C. Amazed D. Embarrassed
4. A. free B. defeat C. meet D. protect
5. A. back B. around C. forward D. outside
6. A. pushed B. rolled C. drove D. dragged
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7. A. lost B. tested C. earned D. provided
8. A. trouble B. response C. preparation D. exception
9. A. begun B. finished C. failed D. worked
10. A. calm B. upset C. surprised D. nervous
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节, 40 分)
第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分, 共 30 分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。
A
Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it
is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a
parachute.
Is it safe
Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it's probably the
slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you' ll hit the ground quite gently! It's a very relaxing
sport as you' re mostly sitting down. Yet, you' ll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn't
know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch.
Where do I learn
There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are
also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of
landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic license; then
you' re free to fly independently at sites across the country.
What do I need
Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they
stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However,
you' ll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you'11 be able to choose
much better once you ve tried some out on your course.
Who can do it
There's no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14.
Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot.
Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season!
11. Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1
A. What is paragliding B. Who invented paragliding
C. How is paragliding special D. Why is paragliding popular
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12. According to the passage, paragliding is ____________.
A. exciting but tiring B. safe and relaxing
C. attractive but expensive D. fast and challenging
13. What can we know from the passage
A. Fit people of any age can take up paragliding.
B. Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea.
C. Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course.
D. Learners can fly on their own after at least a week's training.
B
When a Houston dad found out his eight-year-old son was being bullied (欺负), he didn't get
mad at the classmate who teased him. Instead, he talked with the so-called bully and realized that the
boy was struggling, too.
Aubrey Fontenot's son, Jordan, told him a boy named Tamarion was teasing him. Fontenot
decided to sit down with his son and Tamarion to understand what was going on, and something
unexpected happened.
Tamarion told Fontenot he was being teased at school, too. "I asked, ' By who You are big. You
are huge. Who is teasing you ""the father said. "He said, ' Just all the other kids, man. They are making
fun of me. "Fontenot learned that Tamarion was getting teased for his clothes and shoes-his clothes
and shoes were old and dirty. Fontenot then spoke to the boy's mother. "She kind of confirmed
it,"Fontenot said. "And she said, That's the kind of situation. "*
He felt sympathetic to the young boy and wanted to help. So he asked Tamarion's mom if he
could take her son to do some shopping.
Fontenot posted videos of their trip to the mall on social media and they went viral. Tamarion
eventually smiled, and then the two were laughing and singing together on their shopping trip. Just as
if he were taking his own son to do some shopping. Fontenot got Tamarion new clothes and shoes, and
shared words of wisdom with him.
Then, the dad united the two boys. He said it was awkward at first-just a day earlier, they didn't
get along well at school. But the two classmates started playing sports games together and soon became
friends.
It was not just about the clothes and shoes. Tamarion gained a friend in Jordan, and a mentor in
his dad. Fontenot said he was also bullied when he was a child, so he knew it was important to listen
to Tamarion's story. He chose kindness instead of anger and brought the two boys together. "I wouldn't
say that was the goal, but that was the reward. "Fontenot said.
14. What was Fontenot's attitude toward his son's being bullied
A. Amazed and embarrassed. B. Angry and impatient.
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C. Calm and sensible. D. Sad and discouraged.
15. Why does the author say "something unexpected happened" in the second paragraph
A. Fontenot liked Tamarion instantly.
B. Tamarion bullied Jordan out of kindness
C. Tamarion was also a victim of bullying
D. Fontenot and Tamarion's mother used to be friends
16. What did Fontenot do to solve the problem of bullying
A. He turned to the school for help.
B. He asked Tamarion's mother to settle the problem
C. He ordered his son never to play with Tamarion again.
D. He made the two boys united and join together.
17. What can we know from the text
A. Jordan's being bullied arose from his clothes and shoes.
B. Jordan and Tamarion got along well in the beginning.
C. Tamarion's mother paid little attention to Tamarion
D. Fontenot communicated with Tamarion's mother to know about him
C
Removing gender bias
Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has
failed to enter many other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s,
are often still more suitable for men, who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today
the most forward-1ooking tech companies on Earth are still placing old-school bias (偏见, 成见) into
new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit comfortably into the average woman's
hand, as are many video-game controllers.
An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its
companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be
unaware of the problems women face. They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right
questions when doing their research for a new product design. And once an idea gets the preen light,
it will then be handled by product-design and, engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members
are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means they may
fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on
underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法).
Next comes testing. Naturally', designers test original models on their intended customers, but
they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation
bias -designers may listen to what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups
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of users.
Tech's design bias needs fixing for moral safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is
obvious: it is wrong that women have to make do with a "one-size-fits-men"world, as Caroline Criado
Perez, a writer, puts it. As for safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to
women—-including seat belts—because they are not designed properly.
But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities
are being missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70-80% of the world's consumer-
spending decisions.
Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices,
but most now manage just fine. "Femtech"start-up companies, which focus on women's health and
well-being. may raise MYM 1 billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more
women. Ensuring that products are designed for everyone would lead to happier and safer customers.
For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What is holding them back
18. Why are car seat belts often designed with a bias towards men
A. Because men tend to sit farther back in cars compared to women.
B. Because car seat belts have not undergone significant changes since their invention.
C. Because tech companies are incorporating biases into their new car seat belt designs.
D. Because tailors have a deeper understanding of body shapes than car seat belt designers.
19. What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3
A. Why tech's design bias needs to be fixed.
B. How gender bias is affecting tech companies.
C. Where gender bias in product design is rooted.
D. Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies.
20. We can learn from the passage that ____________.
A. tech companies are unwilling to change
B. design bias may result in missed opportunities
C. male workers benefit more in engineering teams
D. tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products
21. How does the author feel about the future of bias-free product design
A. Uncertain. B. Sceptical. C. Negative. D. Positive.
D
It is rapidly emerging as one of the most important technological, and increasingly ideological,
divides of our times: should powerful generative artificial intelligence systems be open or closed
Supporters say they broaden access to the technology, stimulate innovation and improve
reliability by encouraging outside scrutiny. Far cheaper to develop and deploy, smaller open models
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also inject competition into a field dominated by big US companies such as Google. Microsoft and
OpenAI that have invested billions developing massive, closed and closely controlled generative AI
systems.
But detractors argue open models risk lifting the lid on a Pandora's box of troubles. Bad actors
can exploit them to spread personalised disinformation, while terrorists might use them to manufacture
cyber or bio weapons. "The danger of open source is that it enables more crazies to do crazy things,
"Geoffrey Hinton, one of the pioneers of modern AI, has warned.
The history of OpenAI, which developed the popular ChatGPT chatbot, is itself instructive. As
its name suggests, the research company was founded in 2015 with a commitment to develop the
technology as openly as possible. But it later abandoned that approach for both competitive and safety
reasons. Once OpenAI realised that its generative Al models were going to be "unbelievably potent".
it made little sense to open source them, Ilya Sutskever, OpenAI's chief scientist said.
Supporters of open models hit back, ridiculing the idea that open generative AI models enable
people to access information they could not otherwise find from the internet or a rogue scientist. They
also highlight the competitive self-interest of the big tech companies in shouting about the dangers of
open models, whose intention is to establish their own market dominance strongly.
But there is an ideological dimension to this debate, too. Yann LeCun, chief scientist of Meta,
has likened the arguments for controlling the technology to medieval obscurantism(X): the belief that
only a self-selecting priesthood of experts is wise enough to handle knowledge.
In the future, all our interactions with the vast digital repository of human knowledge will be
mediated through AI systems. We should not want a handful of Silicon Valley companies to control
that access. Just as the internet flourished by resisting attempts to enclose it, so AI will thrive by
remaining open, LeCun argues.
Wendy Hall, royal professor of computer science at Southampton university, says we do not
want to live in a world where only the big companies run generative Al. Nor do we want to allow users
to do anything they 1ike with open models. "We have to find some compromise,"she suggests.
We should certainly resist the tyranny (暴政) of the binary (二进制) when it comes to thinking
about AI models. Both open and closed models have their benefits and flaws. As the capabilities of
these models evolve, we will constantly have to tweak the weightings between competition and control.
22. What does the underlined word "potent"in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A. Accessible. B. Powerful. C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
23. What can we learn from this passage
A. It needs billions of dollars to develop and deploy open-source models.
B. The field of generative AI systems is dominated by big companies.
C. Only self-selecting experts can handle open models wisely.
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D. Users can do anything they like with open models at this moment.
24. Regarding Wendy Hall's suggestions, the author is ____________.
A. sympathetic B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. opposed
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. How to Keep the Lid on the Pandora's Box of Open AI
B. Divides on Open AI: technology and ideology
C. Where does the Debate on Open AI End
D. Pros and Cons of Open AI
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分, 共 10 分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂
黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learn to Be Accountable
How does it feel when you admit that you have done something wrong？Taking responsibility
for your actions not only feels good, it teaches you to trust yourself and strengthens friendships.
What does being accountable mean？
It can be easy to blame（责怪）others or make excuses for mistakes, but being accountable
means accepting that you are responsible for what you say and do. ____26____ You could say the bus
was late, but being accountable means apologising and accepting that it was your responsibility to get
there on time. However, being accountable doesn't mean taking the blame for things you can't change.
You' re only accountable for things that you can control.
____27____
According to research, understanding you have control over your own actions makes you feel
more positive and hopeful about the future. ____28____For example, I remember a time I got the sofa
dirty. I was going to lie about it because when my mum saw she got cross. But after I told her the truth,
I wasn't in as much trouble as I thought. Being accountable is also an opportunity to fix your mistakes
and learn from them, and this helps you to trust yourself more too.
How can you be accountable
____29____One way of doing this is by drawing a circle of control to help you work this out.
As well as being responsible for what you can change, try accepting the things you can't. We can't
always control what happens to us. __30____We can still choose our attitude. Finally, being
accountable means taking responsibility when things go right, too, so remember to celebrate and feel
good about yourself when this happens.
A. What makes you accountable？
B. How is being accountable good for you？
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C. But we do have a say in how we respond to it.
D. Start by understanding what is in and out of your control.
E. Taking responsibility can also make others trust you more.
F. Imagine arranging to meet a friend and then turning up late.
G. This can increase your happiness and help you achieve more.
第二卷
I. 选词填空（共 7 小题；每小题 2 分, 共 14 分）
用方框中单词或短语适当形式完成下列句子, 每个单词只能用一次,
complain, passion, handle, comfort, sense, innovate, fortunate
31. Most customers were satisfied because their needs and problems ____________
32. He was very ____________ about his disability and thought everyone was staring at him.
33. People living in this community ____________ because traffic in the area has increased and there
are not enough parking places.
34. When my family were busily preparing dinner, my brother was sitting ____________ in the sofa
35. My first painting sold for $50, a small ____________ then for an art student.
36. He was one of the most creative and ____________ engineers of his generation.
37. He’s ____________ about the need to protect the environment.
II. 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分, 共 10 分）
在未给提示词的空白处填写 1 个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形
式填空。
38. He told me that he ____________（make）several friends since he worked in the new company.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
39. Don't mind ____________（make）grammar mistakes when you are communicating with
foreigners. （所给词适当形式填空）
40. ____________（know）basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly in emergencies.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
41. I ____________（walk）in the street when suddenly Jim stopped to me. （所给词的适当形式
填空）
42. The little baby was always throwing small things away around his house, ____________ made his
parents crazy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
43. Jason Harley used to live in a huge house ____________ six bedrooms. （用适当的词填空）
44. We traveled together as far as New York, ____________ we say goodbye to each other. （用适当
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的词填空）
45. Our hometown, Mentougou, is a small peaceful place ____________（locate）in the southwest
of Beiying. （所给词的适当形式填空）
46. In order to protect the environment, we should use more public transportation instead of
____________（take）car journeys. （所给词的适当形式填空）
47. The church, ____________ roof was damaged in the terrible fire, has been repaired. （用适当的
词填空）
III. 完成句子（共 5 小题；第 1-4 题每题 2 分, 第 5 题 3 分, 共 11 分）
根据拮号中所给提示完成下列句子。
48. 他一生都在从事杂交水稻研究。（devote. . . to）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________49. 每天睡前
的阅读是我一天中最愉快的事。（doing 做主语）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________50. 如果学生
能接触到好的资源, 他们更可能达成自己的目标。（have access to）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________51. 这些运动
旨在减少学生的压力。（aim to）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________52. 一点额外
的努力能让你与其他人与众不同。（set sb apart）（汉译英）
_____________________________________________________________________
VI. 书面表达（共 20 分）
53. 假设你是李华, 你校要举办“英语读者剧场”活动, 请你给你校外籍教师 Jim 写一封电子邮件,
邀请他来做评委。内容包括：
1. 活动内容（朗读并表演文学作品）；
2. 活动时间和地点；
3. 表达希望。
注意：
1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
提示词：
读者剧场 Reader's Theater 文学作品 literary works
Dear Jim,
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_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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参考答案
1. B2. A3. B4. A5. A6. D7. C8. B9. D10. C
11. A12. B13. D
14. C15. C16. D17. D
18. A19. C20. B21. D
22. B23. B24. A25. A
26. F27. B28. E29. D30. C
31. were handled 32. sensitive33. fortably35. fortune36. innovative37.
passionate
38. had made 39. making 40. Knowing 41. was walking 42. which 43. with 44. where 45. located 46.
taking 47. whose
48. He is has been devoted to hybrid rice research all his life.
49. Reading before going to bed every day is the most enjoyable part of my day. /Reading before going
to bed every day is the happiest thing during the day.
50. If students have access to good resources, they are more likely to achieve their goals.
51. These campaigns/sports aim to reduce students' pressure.
52. A little extra effort can set you apart from others.
53.Dear Jim,
I'm Li Hua, a students of yours. I'm writing to inform you that an activity named Reader's Theater
will be held in the lecture hall next Friday and we would like to invite you to be one of the judges of
the activity. The activity is intended to arouse students' enthusiasm to learn English, and it will cover
a wide range of activities. At the beginning, a mini lecture related to the Reader's Theater will be
arranged, after which there will be various fantastic literary works reading and performing given by
students. Finally, the judges will give their points and opinions about the students' performance.
We will greatly appreciate it if you could accept our invitation. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
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