/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第1讲 八年级下 Units1--2
重 点 单 词 foot n.脚；足 neck n.颈；脖子 stomach n.胃；腹部 throat n.咽喉；喉咙 hurt v. 使疼痛；受伤 passenger n.乘客；旅客 trouble n.问题；苦恼 rest v.&n.放松；休息 cough n.&v.咳嗽 toothache n.牙痛 matter n.问题；事情 stomachache n.胃痛；腹痛 fever n.发烧 lie v.躺；平躺 break n.间歇；休息 headache n.头痛 hit v. 用手或器具击；打 herself pron. 她自己 sick adj.生病的；有病的 knee n.膝；膝盖 rock n.岩石 knife n.刀 situation n.情况；状况 death n.死；死亡 nurse n.护士 cheer v.欢呼；喝彩 volunteer v.义务做；自愿做 n.志愿者 sign n.标志；信号 raise v.募集；征集 alone adv.独自；单独 repair v.修理；修补 blood n.血 mean v.意思是；打算；意欲 importance n.重要性；重要 decision n.决定；抉择 control n.&v.限制；约束；管理 spirit n.勇气；意志 ourselves pron. 我们自己 climber n.登山者；攀登者 risk n.&v.危险；风险；冒险 notice n.通知；通告；注意 v.注意到；意识到 lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的 several pron.几个；数个；一些 strong adj.强烈的；强壮的 feeling n.感觉；感触 satisfaction n.满足；满意 joy n.高兴；愉快 owner n.物主；主人 journey n. 尤指长途旅行；行程 fix v.修理；安装 broken adj.破损的；残缺的 wheel n.车轮；轮子 letter n.信；函 disabled adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的 blind adj.瞎的；失明的 deaf adj.聋的 imagine v.想象；设想 change v.&n. 变化；改变 interest n. 兴趣；关注 v. 使感兴趣；使关注 open v.开；打开 door n.门 carry v. 拿；提；扛 difficulty n.困难；难题 clever adj. 聪明的；聪颖的 understand v. 理解；领会 train v. 训练；培训 excited adj. 激动的；兴奋的 kindness n. 仁慈；善良
词 汇 拓 展 stomachache n.胃痛；腹痛→stomach (n.) 胃 hit v.击；打→hitting (现在分词)→hit (过去式/过去分词) knife n.刀→knives (复数 ) satisfaction n.满足；满意→satisfy (v.)满意→satisfied (adj.)满意的 broken adj.破损的；残缺的→break (v.) 坏；打破→broke (过去式)→broken (过去分词) difficulty n.困难；难题→difficult (adj.)困难的 important adj.重要的→importance (n.)重要性；重要 decision n.决定→decide (v.)决定 foot n.脚；足→feet (复数) death n.死亡→die (v.)死→dead (adj.)死的；死亡的→dying (adj.)要死的 lie v.躺；平躺→lying (现在分词)→lay (过去式)→lain (过去分词) hurt v. (使)疼痛；受伤→hurt (过去式/过去分词) feeling n.感觉；感触→feel (v.)感觉；感到→felt (过去式/过去分词) interest v.& n.使感兴趣；使关注→interested (adj.)感兴趣的→interesting (adj.)有趣的
重 点 短 语 用尽；耗尽run out (of) 及时in time 幸亏；由于thanks to 作出决定(做某事)make a decision (to do sth.) ＝decide (to do sth.) 冒险take risks/take a risk 量体温take one's temperature 下车get off 上车 get on 使……惊讶的是；出乎……的意料to one's surprise 在……岁的时候at the age of… 考虑做某事think about doing sth. 发烧/咳嗽/感冒/流鼻血have a fever/cough/cold/nosebleed 患流感have the flu 头痛/牙痛/胃疼have a headache/toothache/stomachache 放弃做某事give up doing sth. 遇上麻烦；处于困境get into trouble 掌管；管理be in control of 对做……感兴趣be interested in doing sth. 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)come up with 与……相似be similar to… 建起；设立set up 影响；有作用make a difference 对……感到兴奋be excited about sth. 立刻；马上at once 推迟put off 张贴；搭建；举起put up 分发hand out 曾经……；过去……used to (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来cheer up 分发；散发give out 同时at the same time 没能力做某事be unable to do sth. 担忧；担心worry about＝be worried about (外貌或行为)像take after 赠送；捐赠give away
重 点 句 型 —What's the matter？你怎么了？ —I have a sore back.我背痛。 Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passengers,the man was saved by the doctors in time.多亏了王先生和乘客们,医生及时挽救了那位老人。 Someone got hit on the head.有人撞到头了。 As a mountain climber,Aron is used to taking risks.作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯了冒险。 Should I take my temperature？我该量体温吗？ It doesn't sound like you have a fever.听起来你不像发烧。 You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要远离电脑休息。 The bus driver,24－year－old Wang Ping stopped the bus without thinking twice.24岁的公交车司机王平没有多考虑就把车停了下来。 Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions,and of being in control of one's life.阿伦讲述了作出正确决定和掌管个人生命的重要性。 She could read by herself at the age of four.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。 Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。 You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.你的帮助使得我有可能拥有“幸运儿”(狗名)。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们给我讲过去的生活经历,讲过去是什么样子的。 I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners'faces.当我看到动物们病情渐好,看到它们主人脸上的喜悦表情时,我获得了一种极强的满足感。
知识点
考点一 used to的用法
【教材原句】They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。
辨析含used to的短语
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 句子的主语指“人”
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 含有与现在对比的意思
be used to do sth./be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 句子的主语表示“物”
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·四川达州） The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.
A. write, showing B. writing, show C. write, show
【答案】A
【详解】句意：老师们过去常常把重点写在黑板上，但现在他们已经习惯了通过PPT来展示。
考查非谓语动词。used to do sth.过去常常做某事，第一空应为动词原形write。get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，第二空应为动名词showing。故选A。
考点二 alone的用法
【教材原句】I want to travel alone. 我想独自去旅行。
alone adj. & adv. 独自
alone相当于on one's own或者by oneself
词汇拓展：
lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）Alice felt ________ in her new school, so she joined some clubs to make new friends.
A．sleepy B．lonely C．interested D．excited
【答案】B
【详解】句意：爱丽丝在新学校感到孤独，所以她加入了一些俱乐部来结交新朋友。
考查形容词辨析。sleepy疲惫的；lonely孤独的；interested感兴趣的；excited激动的。根据“so she joined some clubs to make new friends.”可知结交新朋友是为了排解孤独。故选B。
—The old man lives________, so he may feel______
2. (2023·黑龙江绥化)— The old man lives ________, so he may feel ________.
— We should visit him twice a month.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——这位老人独自生活，所以他可能会感到孤独。——我们应该一个月去看他两次。
考查词义辨析。alone独自，副词；lonely孤独的，有一定的感彩。第一空是修饰动词lives，应用副词alone；第二空表示感到孤独，应用lonely，故选A。
3．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）Alice felt ________ in her new school, so she joined some clubs to make new friends.
A．sleepy B．lonely C．interested D．excited
【答案】B
【详解】句意：爱丽丝在新学校感到孤独，所以她加入了一些俱乐部来结交新朋友。
考查形容词辨析。sleepy疲惫的；lonely孤独的；interested感兴趣的；excited激动的。根据“so she joined some clubs to make new friends.”可知结交新朋友是为了排解孤独。故选B。
考点三 excited的用法
excited adj. 兴奋的；激动的
相关词汇拓展：
excite v. 使兴奋
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；令人激动的
excitement n. 兴奋；激动；刺激；令人兴奋/激动的事
短语搭配：
be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋
be excited to do sth. 做某事感到兴奋
to one's excitement 令某人兴奋的是
【注意】excited 主要用来修饰人，表示人的情绪状态，用来修饰物，exciting表示事物本身具有的令人兴奋、激动的特性。
eg：The news filled everyone with excitement. 这个消息让每个人都充满了兴奋。
The news filled her with excitement. 这个消息让她充满了兴奋。
The concert was a great excitement for music lovers.这场音乐会对音乐爱好者来说是一件令人兴奋的事。
He was excited about the news.他对这个消息感到兴奋。
The movie is exciting.这部电影令人兴奋。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）I feel ________ to grow vegetables on the school farm tomorrow. I can’t wait.
A．excited B．surprised C．worried D．afraid
【答案】A
【详解】句意：明天要在学校农场种菜了，我感到很兴奋。我都等不及了。
考查形容词辨析。excited兴奋的；surprised惊讶的；worried担心的；afraid害怕的。根据“I can’t wait.”可知，此处指很兴奋，故选A。
2．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）It makes me ________ to watch National Women’s Volleyball Team’s matches.
A．feel exciting B．to feel excited C．feel excited
【答案】C
【详解】句意：看国家女排的比赛让我很兴奋。
考查动词短语和形容词辨析。动词短语make sb do sth表示“让某人做某事”，排除B；excited感到兴奋的，修饰人；exciting兴奋的，修饰物，此处修饰人。故选C。
3．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—Hi, you look ________. Why are you so happy today
—Can you believe it I have just met Miss Zhou, my first teacher!
A．excited B．exciting C．excite
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你好，你看起来很兴奋。你今天为什么这么高兴？——你能相信吗？我刚见到了周老师，我的启蒙老师！
考查词义辨析和形容词作表语。excited兴奋的，形容词，修饰人；exciting令人激动的，形容词，修饰物；excite使激动，动词。此处在look后作表语，用形容词，且修饰人，故选A。
考点四 mean的用法
mean v. 意思是；打算；意欲
相关词汇拓展：
meaning n. 意思，意义
meaningful adj. 有意义的，意味深长的
meaningless adj. 没有意义的
短语搭配：
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算去做某事
◆ 精题巧练
1. （2023江苏连云港) It is __________（有意义的）to do a survey on how to go green in the community.
【答案】meaningful
【详解】句意：做一项关于在社区中如何保护环境的调查是很有意义的。“有意义的”应用形容词meaningful来表示，在句中作表语。故填meaningful。
2．（2023·甘肃庆阳·一模）Dragons have a special ________ in traditional Chinese culture.
A．example B．meaning C．standard D．progress
【答案】B
【详解】句意：龙在中国传统文化中有着特殊的意义。
考查名词辨析。example例子；meaning意义；standard标准；progress进步。根据该句语境可知，此处表示龙有着特殊意义。 故选B。
考点五 decision的用法
decision n. 决定；抉择
相关词汇拓展：
decide v. 决定
短语搭配：
make a decision 做决定
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
eg：It was a difficult decision to make. 这是一个艰难的决定。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023·辽宁本溪、葫芦岛中考) 根据所给中文完成句子翻译
无论你做什么事，应该学会自己做决定。
No matter what you do, you should learn to ________.
【答案】make your own decision(s)
【详解】make a decision/make decisions “做决定”，your own“你自己的”，修饰“decision(s)”，冠词a应删除。不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填make your own decision(s)。
2. （2024·湖南）The quality（品质）was good, but I wanted to do something different, so I decided ________（have）a different menu.
【答案】to have
【详解】句意：质量很好，但我想做点不同的事情，所以我决定换一份菜单。
"decided"后接不定式作宾语，固定搭配为decide to do结构，根据括号内给出的动词原型"have"，需转换为不定式形式to have，故填to have。
3．（2023·福建福州·三模）My father has made a ________ that he will buy a digital camera for me.
A．suggestion B．decision C．introduction
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我父亲决定给我买一台数码相机。
考查名词词义辨析。suggestion建议；decision决定；introduction介绍。根据“he will buy a digital camera for me”可知，这是我父亲做的决定，make a decision“做决定”。故选B。
考点六 difficulty的用法
difficulty n．困难；难题
当difficulty表示做一件事的困难程度时，常作不可数名词，其前可用some，no等词修饰，
当difficulty表示具体的困难、难处、难点时，作可数名词。
短语搭配：
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·四川乐山·语法填空节选）They kept their promise and faced life’s _________ (difficulty) together, just as their wise father had taught them.
【答案】difficulties
【详解】句意：他们信守诺言，共同面对生活中的困难，正如他们睿智的父亲教导他们的那样。根据“faced life’s”可知此处应用名词difficult的复数形式difficulties来表示“面对生活中的困难”。故填difficulties。
考点七 give up的用法
give up 放弃
短语搭配：
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
拓展：
give out 分发；散发
give away 捐赠；赠给
give back 归还
give in 让步，屈服
give off 散发(液体、气体等)
◆ 精题巧练
1. （2023·新疆）—What abilities should a dog trainer have
—I think he should be responsible and never ___________.
A. give away B. give out C. give back D. give up
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——训犬师应该具备什么能力？——我认为他应该负责任，永不放弃。
考查动词短语。give away捐赠；give out分发；give back还回来；give up放弃。根据“he should be responsible and never”可知应该有责任感，并且不轻易放弃。故选D。
2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I think your grandfather should ________ smoking.
—I agree. Smoking is bad for his health.
A．put up B．give up C．pick up D．take up
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我认为你爷爷应该戒烟。——我同意。吸烟对他的健康有害。
考查动词短语。put up张贴；give up放弃；pick up捡起；take up开始从事。根据“Smoking is bad for his health.”可知吸烟对他的健康有害，所以建议爷爷放弃吸烟。故选B。
考点八 try out的用法
try out参加选拔；试用
拓展：
try for 试图获得，力争，赢得
try on 试穿（衣物）
try one's best 尽力
try out
eg：She's trying out for the school play. 她正在参加学校戏剧的选拔。
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·湖北荆州） 根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
登山者们正在尽最大努力登顶，这时开始下大雪了。(best)
The climbers _________ to reach the top when it began to snow heavily.
【答案】were doing/trying their best
【详解】尽某人最大的努力做某事：do/try one’s best to do sth.，此处用形容词性物主代词their；根据“when it began to snow heavily”可知下大雪的时候他们正在尽他们的努力，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故填were doing/trying their best。
2. （2023·辽宁营口）根据所给中文完成句子翻译。
买裤子之前要先试穿。
________ the trousers before you buy them.
【答案】Try on
【详解】try on“试穿”，祈使句以动词原形开头，句子开头首字母大写。故填Try on。
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Michael, ________ this shirt.
—Oh, it looks nice on me.
A．throw away B．put down C．take off D．try on
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——Michael，试试这件衬衫。——哦，我穿起来很好看。
考查动词短语。throw away扔掉；put down放下；take off脱下；try on试穿。根据“it looks nice on me.”可知，是在试穿衣服，故选D。
考点九 see sb.doing sth．的用法
【教材原句】At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.昨天上午9点，26路公交车正沿着中华路行驶，司机看到一位老人躺在路边。
see sb.doing sth．看到某人正在做某事 强调动作正在进行
see sb.do sth.看到某人做某事 强调动作经常发生或看到某事发生的全过程
◆ 精题巧练
1. （2023·黑龙江绥化）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A. dance B. dancing C. to dance
【答案】B
【详解】句意：当我经过她的房间时，我看到莉莉在跳舞。
考查非谓语动词。see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事”；see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“when I passed her room.”可知，此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故选B。
考点十 put off的用法
put off 推迟
短语搭配：
put off the meeting 推迟会议
eg：The meeting has been put off until next week. 会议被推迟到了下周。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）The football game has to be ________ till next Friday because of the bad weather.
A．put off B．put on C．put up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：由于天气不好，足球赛不得不推迟到下周五。
考查动词短语。put off推迟；put on上演；put up张贴。根据“because of the bad weather.”可知因为天气不好，所以推迟了足球赛。故选A。
考点十一 satisfaction的用法
satisfaction n. 满意，满足
相关词汇拓展：
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
短语搭配：
to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是
eg：He nodded in satisfaction when he saw the results. 当他看到结果时，满意地点了点头。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）This kind of SmartWatch ________ Mr Li’s daily needs. He wears it all the time.
A．satisfies B．hides C．carries D．brings
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这种智能手表满足了李先生的日常需求。他一直戴着它。
考查动词辨析。satisfies满足；hides隐藏；carries携带；brings带来。根据“This kind of SmartWatch ... Mr Li’s daily needs.”可推出是满足李先生的日常需求。故选A。
考点十二 risk的用法
risk n. 风险； v.冒险
相关词汇拓展：
risky adj. 有风险的
短语搭配：
take a risk 冒险
eg：He took a risk by investing all his money in the project. 他把所有钱都投资在这个项目上，冒了很大的风险。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you put all your eggs in one basket, you ________ losing everything all at one time.
A．risk B．enjoy C．avoid D．consider
【答案】A
【详解】句意：如果你把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，你就有可能一次失去一切。
考查动词辨析。risk冒……的风险；enjoy喜欢；avoid避免；consider考虑。根据“If you put all your eggs in one basket, you…losing everything all at one time.”可知，如果把鸡蛋放在一个篮子里，就会有失去全部的风险。故选A。
考点十三 imagine的用法
imagine v. 想象
相关词汇拓展：
imagination n. 想象力
短语搭配：
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
eg：I can't imagine living without electricity. 我无法想象没有电的生活。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Can you ________ what our life will be like in 100 years
—Yes. Everybody can travel to the moon freely.
A．imagine B．produce C．improve
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能想象100年后我们的生活会是什么样子吗？——是的。每个人都可以自由地去月球旅行。
考查动词辨析。imagine想象；produce生产；improve提高。根据“what our life will be like in 100 years ”可知，此处指想象100年后人类的生活。故选A。
2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）I couldn’t ________ what else he has to say. Everyone knows that’s a lie.
A．suppose B．imagine C．realize D．consider
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我无法想象他还会说些什么。每个人都知道那是个谎言。
考查动词辨析。suppose推断；imagine想象；realize意识到；consider考虑。根据“I couldn’t ... what else he has to say.”可知，无法想象他还会说些什么。故选B。
考点十四 change的用法
change v. 改变 n. 变化
相关词汇拓展：
changeable adj. 易变的
短语搭配：
change one's mind 改变主意
eg：The weather changes a lot in spring. 春天的天气变化很大。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Jenny, you have _____ a lot, much thinner and more hardworking than before.
A．done B．changed C．learned D．practiced
【答案】B
【详解】句意：珍妮，你变了很多，比以前瘦了很多，也更努力了。
考查动词辨析。done做；changed改变；learned学习；practiced练习。根据“much thinner and more hardworking than before.”可知她更瘦更努力了，所以是改变了很多。故选B。
考点十五 give away的用法
give away 赠送，泄露
eg：She gave away her old clothes to charity. 她把旧衣服捐给了慈善机构。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes
—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need.
A．give them away B．wash them away
C．throw them away D．keep them away
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，你能帮我把这些旧衣服清理一下吗？——哦，它们的状况仍然很好。让我们把它们送给有需要的人。
考查动词短语。give away赠送；wash away冲走；throw away扔掉；keep away远离。根据“…to people in need”可知，此处指把旧衣服捐赠给有需要的人。故选A。
考点十六 fix up的用法
fix up 修理，装饰
eg：They fixed up the old car so it looks like new. 他们把那辆旧车修理得看起来像新的一样。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you
—I ________ bicycle with my sister.
A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——蒂姆，我打电话给你的时候你在做什么？——我正在和姐姐修理自行车。
考查动词时态及动词短语。cut up切碎；make up编造；pick up捡起；fix up修理。根据“what were you doing when I called you ”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时，结构是was/were doing。结合“bicycle”可知，此处指修理自行车。故选D。
考点十七 run out的用法
run out 用完，耗尽
短语搭配：
run out of sth. 用完某物
eg：We've run out of milk. 我们的牛奶用完了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）The wind energy costs very little and will never ________. Besides, it produces little pollution.
A．blow out B．run out C．put out D．break out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：风能花费很少并永远不会被用光。除此之外，它产生很少的污染。
考查动词短语辨析。blow out吹灭；run out用光；put out扑灭；break out爆发。根据“The wind energy costs very little and will never...”可知风能应是用之不竭的。故选B。
2．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）The energy from the sun and the wind costs little and will never ________.
A．turn out B．put out C．cut out D．run out
【答案】D
【详解】句意：来自太阳和风能的能源成本很低，而且永远不会耗尽。
考查动词短语。turn out结果是；put out扑灭；cut out切断；run out用完，耗尽。根据“The energy from the sun and the wind”可知，此处指风能和太阳能永远不会耗尽。故选D。
考点十八 come up with的用法
come up with 想出，提出
短语搭配：
come up with an idea 想出一个主意
eg：He came up with a brilliant solution to the problem. 他想出了一个解决问题的绝妙办法。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·中考真题）My friend can always _______ good ideas to solve his problems.
A．keep away from B．take care of C．get on with D．come up with
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我的朋友总能想起好主意来解决他的问题。
考查动词短语。keep away from远离；take care of照顾；get on with相处；come up with想起。根据“good ideas to solve his problems”可知想起解决问题的好主意。故选D。
考点十九 cheer的用法
cheer v. 欢呼，使振奋；n. 欢呼声，振奋
相关词汇拓展：
cheerful adj. 欢快的
短语搭配：
cheer up 使振奋起来
eg：The crowd cheered loudly when the team won. 当球队获胜时，人群大声欢呼。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建厦门·二模）—Look at the photo. What a _________ moment!
—Yeah. We took the photo on the opening day of Xiang’an Bridge.
A．cheerful B．helpful C．careful
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——看看这张照片。多么愉快的时刻！——是的。我们在翔安大桥开通那天拍了这张照片。
考查形容词辨析。cheerful愉快的；helpful有帮助的；careful细心的。根据“We took the photo on the opening day of Xiang’an Bridge”可知，大桥通车当日应该是热烈且愉快的。故选A。
2．（2024·安徽合肥·三模）—I hate rain. It never ends.
—Dear, don’t think of it. Try to be ______ and enjoy things.
A．careful B．cheerful C．useful D．harmful
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我讨厌下雨。它从未停止。——亲爱的，别想了。试着开心起来享受事物。
考查形容词辨析。careful小心的；cheerful高兴的；useful有用的；harmful有害的。根据“and enjoy things”可知，是指高兴起来享受事物。故选B。
考点二十 accident的用法
accident n. 事故，意外
相关词汇拓展：
accidental adj. 意外的
eg：He was involved in a car accident last week. 他上周发生了一起车祸。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·青海·中考真题）A taxi driver prevented (阻止) an _________ when he saw a car with serious problems travelling across Huangnan.
A．accident B．interview C．advertisement
【答案】A
【详解】句意：一位出租车司机在看到一辆有严重问题的汽车穿过黄南时，阻止了一场事故。
考查名词辨析。accident事故；interview采访；advertisement广告。根据“when he saw a car with serious problems travelling across Huangnan”可知看到的汽车有严重问题，应是阻止了一场事故的发生。故选A。
考点二十一 importance的用法
importance n. 重要性
相关词汇拓展：
important adj. 重要的
短语搭配：
the importance of education 教育的重要性
eg：Understanding the importance of health is crucial. 理解健康的重要性是至关重要的。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北襄阳·一模）—What do you think of the activity on World Book Day this year
—Great! Everyone realized the ________ of reading and planned to read more books.
A．difference B．importance C．expression D．popularity
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你觉得今年世界读书日的活动怎么样？——太棒了！每个人都意识到读书的重要性，并计划读更多的书。
考查名词辨析。difference差别；importance重要性；expression表达；popularity流行。根据“Everyone realized the…of reading and planned to read more books.”可知，每个人都意识到了读书的重要性，importance符合题意。故选B。
考点二十二 kindly的用法
kindly adv. 和蔼地，亲切地
相关词汇拓展：
kind adj. 和蔼的；n. 种类
短语搭配：
speak kindly to sb. 和蔼地对某人说话
eg：He kindly helped me with my luggage. 他和蔼地帮我拿行李。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽蚌埠·二模）Our English teacher always treats us ________ even if we often make trouble in class.
A．kindly B．carefully C．lightly D．badly
【答案】A
【详解】句意：即使我们经常在课堂上捣乱，我们的英语老师总是友好地对我们。
考查副词辨析。kindly友好地；carefully小心地；lightly轻轻地；badly严重地。根据“even if we often make trouble in class”可知，英语老师总是友好地对我们，kindly符合题意。故选A。
考点二十三 matter的用法
matter n. 事情，问题；物质 v. 重要
短语搭配：
What's the matter 怎么了？
It doesn't matter. 没关系。
eg：This matter needs to be discussed further. 这件事需要进一步讨论。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏南通·一模）—Have you noticed that home-school cooperation is getting more attention than ever before
—Yes. In fact, what really ________ is what parents say and do.
A．considers B．values C．matters D．minds
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你有没有注意到家校合作比以往任何时候都更受关注？——是的。事实上，真正重要的是父母的言行。
考查动词辨析。consider认为；value珍重；matter要紧；mind在意。根据“what really...is what parents say and do”可知，此处指真正重要的是父母的言行。故选C。
考点二十四 clever的用法
clever adj. 聪明的，伶俐的
相关词汇拓展：
cleverness n. 聪明
短语搭配：
a clever idea 一个聪明的想法
eg：She is a very clever girl. 她是一个非常聪明的女孩。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·广西钦州·二模）What a ________ boy and he can work out such a difficult math problem.
A．clever B．kind C．lazy
【答案】A
【详解】句意：多么聪明的孩子，他能解出这么难的数学题。
考查形容词辨析。clever聪明的；kind善良的；lazy懒惰的。根据“he can work out such a difficult math problem.”可知，男孩很聪明。故选A。
考点二十五 take after的用法
take after 长得像，性格类似于
eg：She takes after her mother in looks. 她长得像她妈妈。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北荆州·中考真题）—Jimmy, the bikes you gave away to the poor kids help them a lot. What gave you the idea
—I guess I _______ my father. He always volunteers to help people.
A．take after B．look after C．talk back D．turn down
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——Jimmy，你送给贫穷的孩子们的自行车帮了他们很大的忙。是什么让你有了这个想法？——我猜我像我的爸爸。他总是自愿帮助别人。
考查动词短语。take after像；look after照顾；talk back顶撞；turn down调低。根据“He always volunteers to help people.”可知，应该是像他的父亲。故选A。
语法点
一、情态动词should、shouldn’t用法
1. should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
e.g. You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。
He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。
You shouldn’t watch TV. 你不应该看电视。
2.should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
e.g. Should I put some medicine on it 我应当给它敷上药吗？
Should we tell her about it 我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）People ________ talk on mobile phones while they are driving because it’s too dangerous.
A．might not B．needn’t C．shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意：人们不应该在开车时打电话，因为那太危险了。
考查情态动词。might not可能不；needn’t不需要；shouldn’t不应该。根据“while they are driving because it’s too dangerous.”可知，开车打电话很危险，这是不应该做的，故选C。
2．（2024·吉林松原·三模）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A．might B．would C．should
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——对不起，但我们应该排队上地铁。——我很抱歉。
考查情态动词辨析。might可能；would会；should应该。根据“Excuse me, but we...wait in line to get on the subway.”可知，此处表示建议，故选C。
3．（2024·广西·三模）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A．might B．should C．could
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——对不起，我们应该排队上地铁。——我很抱歉。
考查动词辨析。might可能；should应该；could能。根据“Excuse me, but we ... wait in line to get on the subway.”可知，此处表示建议，故选B。
4．（2024·北京昌平·二模）You ________ run on the busy road. It’s dangerous!
A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．won’t D．wouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你不应该在繁忙的路上跑步。这是很危险的！
考查情态动词。needn’t 不需要；shouldn’t 不应该；won’t 将不；wouldn’t 将不。根据“It’s dangerous!”可知，在繁忙的路上跑步是很危险的，所以不应该这样做，故选B。
二、反身代词
1. 英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别和数上保持一致。
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2. 反身代词的用法
①可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
e.g. Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾
We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。
②可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
e.g. She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天不太舒服。
③可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
e.g. She herself will fly to London tomorrow.她自己明天将飞往伦敦。
I met the writer himself last week. 我上周亲自见过这位作家。
④用在某些固定短语当中。
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
say to oneself 自言自语
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
【注意】反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
我自己能完成作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework.
（正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help.
A．him B．her C．himself D．herself
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他可以在没有我帮助的情况下使用Chat GPT-4。
考查代词辨析。him他；her她；himself他自己；herself她自己。by oneself“独自”，主语是He，反身代词用himself。故选C。
2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.
A．herself B．hers C．she D．her
【答案】A
【详解】句意：小玛丽为自己感到骄傲，因为她教李叔叔如何在网上借书。
考查代词辨析。herself她自己；hers她的；she她；her她/她的。根据“Little Mary was proud of …because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.”可知，此处指为她自己感到骄傲，故选A。
3．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________.
A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。
考查代词辨析。my我的，形容词性物主代词；myself我自己，反身代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；me我，宾格。第一处作定语修饰parents，用形容词性物主代词；第二处主语和宾语是同一人，所以是“照顾自己”，用反身代词。故选A。
4．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success.
—OK, I will.
A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——玛丽亚，你应该相信自己。这就是成功的秘诀。——好的，我会的。
考查反身代词。myself我自己；yourself你自己；herself她自己；himself他自己。此处是对玛丽亚说，你应该相信你自己，故用反身代词yourself。故选B。
三、不定式的用法
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
基本形式：to＋动词原形，有时to可以省略；否定形式：not + 动词不定式。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
1、 作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, pretend, demand, refuse等。
e.g. I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。
They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早上八点开始工作。
Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow 你明天想和我们一起去野餐吗？
2、 作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。
e.g. The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老师让我们早上读半个小时的英语。
Please let me help you.请让我来帮你。
但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词, 其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：
①.不可以省略to的不定式作宾语补足语:
tell /ask / want / would like / wish /suppose / invite /encourage /teach/ depend on等 + sb.+ to do sth.
e.g. The teacher told us to come earlier.老师让我们早点来。
Tom invited me to his birthday party.汤姆邀请我参加他的生日聚会。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher.她的父母希望她当老师。
②省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：let / make / have + sb. +do sth.
see / watch / hear / notice / feel +sb.+do sth.
e.g. Let the girl leave here now.让女孩现在离开这里。
The boy made the baby cry.男孩把婴儿弄哭了。
I often hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。
③可省可不省的: help sb. （to）do sth.
e.g. I often help my mother (to) do housework.我经常帮妈妈做家务。
3. 作状语:
（1）作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。
e.g. He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来接乘客。
（2）作结果状语。
e.g. He woke up only to find everybody gone.他醒来时发现所有人都走了。
His grandma lived to see the liberation of China.他的祖母活着看到了中国的解放。
He is old enough to go to school.他已经到了上学的年龄。
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
e.g I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions.我很自豪能参加比赛。
I’m happy to have found many things.我很高兴找到了很多东西
4. 动词不定式的否定形式：
（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not。
e.g. Tell them not to play football in the street.告诉他们不要在街上踢足球。
（2）省略to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.
e.g. Let the boy not go.让那男孩不要走。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·海南·中考真题）In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival.
A．to celebrate B．celebrate C．celebrated
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在中国，家人聚在一起庆祝中秋节。
考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示聚在一起的目的是庆祝中秋节，用不定式形式。故选A。
2．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.
A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows
【答案】B
【详解】句意：人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达同样的感受。
考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式，故选B。
3．（2024·云南·中考真题）Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology.
A．give B．given C．giving D．to give
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们的校长将邀请一位科学家为我们做一次关于空间技术的演讲。
考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
4．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents
—You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.
A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——爸爸，中秋节就要到了。你能告诉我给爷爷奶奶买什么吗？——你可以给他们买一些月饼、水果和鲜花。
考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据答语“You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.”可知，询问应该买什么，故选B。
5．（2024·上海浦东新·一模）New environmental protection materials are used ________ houses in this area.
A．build B．building C．to build D．built
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在这个地区，新的环保材料被用来建造房屋。
考查非谓语动词。be used to do sth“被用来做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式。故选C。
6．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）How kind you are! You always do what you can ________ others.
A．help B．to help C．helps D．helping
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你真好！你总是尽你所能帮助别人。
考查非谓语动词。根据“You always do what you can…others.”可知，需用动词不定式“to help”作目的状语，表示目的是帮助他人。故选B。
7．（2024·青海玉树·三模）Do you have free time I’d like to invite you ________ Mount Tai.
A．climbing B．climb C．to climb
【答案】C
【详解】句意：你有空闲时间吗？我想邀请你去爬泰山。
考查非谓语动词。根据“invite you”可知，考查invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”。故选C。
8．（2024·内蒙古兴安盟·二模）—Why are you so excited
—Peter invited me ________ on a trip to Mount Tai.
A．to go B．go C．going D．went
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你为什么这么兴奋？——彼得邀请我去泰山旅行。
考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事，动词不定式短语做宾语补足语。故选A。
9．（2024·吉林长春·二模）—Mr. Gao has recommended (推荐) many books. Have you decided ________
—Yes. This Saturday.
A．how to borrow them B．which to read first
C．when to buy them D．where to find them
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——高先生推荐了许多书。你决定什么时候去买了吗？——是的。这个星期六。
考查疑问词辨析。how如何；which哪一个；when什么时候；where在哪里。根据“This Saturday.”可知，空处是问什么时候买书。故选C。
10．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—The socialist new countryside makes farmers ________ their living conditions.
—I agree. My grandparents in the village always wear smiles on their faces.
A．improve B．to improve C．improving
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——社会主义新农村使农民生活条件得到改善。——我同意。我的祖父母在村里总是面带微笑。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。
11．（2024·云南昆明·三模）It’s polite ______ “thank you” very often, even to family members.
A．say B．to say C．saying D．said
【答案】B
【详解】句意：经常说“谢谢”是礼貌的，甚至对家人也是如此。
考查非谓语动词。此处是结构It’s adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”，动词不定式作主语。故选B。
12．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Knowing that they have raised enough money for the children’s home, he was too excited ________ a word.
A．say B．saying C．to say
【答案】C
【详解】句意：知道他们为孩子们的家筹到了足够的钱，他激动得说不出一句话。
考查非谓语动词。此处是结构too adj./adj. to do sth.“太……而不能做某事”，动词不定式作结果状语。故选C。
13．（2024·云南昭通·二模）—More and more young people like to buy new Chinese-style clothes ________ these days.
—Yes. New Chinese-style clothing is becoming very popular.
A．wear B．wearing C．wears D．to wear
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——现在越来越多的年轻人喜欢买新中式服装穿。——是的。新中式服装正变得非常流行。
四、could用于建议
1.could可以作为can的过去式，表示过去的能力
e.g. The little boy could speak English when he was four.这个小男孩四岁时就会说英语了。
He couldn't solve the problem though he thought it over and over again.这个问题他想了一遍又一遍，但还是解决不了。
2. could还可以 提出建议 ，当使用“could”提出建议时，语气更加委婉和礼貌。
e.g. You could try studying a bit earlier. 你可以试着早点学习。
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.你可以要求医院让你去看望孩子们，让他们振作起来。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——有些人一开始并没有展示出他们的才能。——我同意。甚至爱因斯坦要等到7岁才会阅读。
考查动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t不行，不可以；couldn’t不能，表示过去的能力。根据“until he was seven”可知此处表示过去的能力，用couldn’t。故选C。
2．（2024·新疆克孜勒苏·一模）Jenny finally got the job because she ________ speak English well.
A．might B．must C．could D．need
【答案】C
【详解】句意：珍妮终于得到了那份工作，因为她英语说得很好。
考查情态动词。might可能；must必须；could能，会；need需要。根据“...speak English well”可知，此处表示她具有讲好英语的能力，故选C。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第1讲 八年级下 Units1--2
重 点 单 词 ___________ n.脚；足 ___________ n.颈；脖子 ___________ n.胃；腹部 ___________ n.咽喉；喉咙 ___________ v. 使疼痛；受伤 ___________ n.乘客；旅客 ___________ n.问题；苦恼 ___________ v.&n.放松；休息 ___________ n.&v.咳嗽 ___________ n.牙痛 ___________ n.问题；事情 ___________ n.胃痛；腹痛 ___________ n.发烧 ___________ v.躺；平躺 ___________ n.间歇；休息 ___________ n.头痛 ___________ v. 用手或器具击；打 ___________ pron. 她自己 ___________ adj.生病的；有病的 ___________ n.膝；膝盖 ___________ n.岩石 ___________ n.刀 ___________ n.情况；状况 ___________ n.死；死亡 ___________ n.护士 ___________ v.欢呼；喝彩 ___________ v.义务做；自愿做 n.志愿者 ___________ n.标志；信号 ___________ v.募集；征集 ___________ adv.独自；单独 ___________ v.修理；修补 ___________ n.血 ___________ v.意思是；打算；意欲 ___________ n.重要性；重要 ___________ n.决定；抉择 ___________ n.&v.限制；约束；管理 ___________ n.勇气；意志 ___________ pron. 我们自己 ___________ n.登山者；攀登者 ___________ n.&v.危险；风险；冒险 ___________ n.通知；通告；注意 v.注意到；意识到 ___________ adj.孤独的；寂寞的 ___________ pron.几个；数个；一些 ___________ adj.强烈的；强壮的 ___________ n.感觉；感触 ___________ n.满足；满意 ___________ n.高兴；愉快 ___________ n.物主；主人 ___________ n. 尤指长途旅行；行程 ___________ v.修理；安装 ___________ adj.破损的；残缺的 ___________ n.车轮；轮子 ___________ n.信；函 ___________ adj.丧失能力的；有残疾的 ___________ adj.瞎的；失明的 ___________ adj.聋的 ___________ v.想象；设想 ___________ v.&n. 变化；改变 ___________ n. 兴趣；关注 v. 使感兴趣；使关注 ___________ v.开；打开 ___________ n.门 ___________ v. 拿；提；扛 ___________ n.困难；难题 ___________ adj. 聪明的；聪颖的 ___________ v. 理解；领会 ___________ v. 训练；培训 ___________ adj. 激动的；兴奋的 ___________ n. 仁慈；善良
词 汇 拓 展 stomachache n.胃痛；腹痛→___________ (n.) 胃 hit v.击；打→___________ (现在分词)→___________ (过去式/过去分词) knife n.刀→___________ (复数 ) satisfaction n.满足；满意→___________ (v.)满意→___________ (adj.)满意的 broken adj.破损的；残缺的→___________ (v.) 坏；打破→___________ (过去式)→___________ (过去分词) difficulty n.困难；难题→___________ (adj.)困难的 important adj.重要的→___________ (n.)重要性；重要 decision n.决定→___________ (v.)决定 foot n.脚；足→___________ (复数) death n.死亡→___________ (v.)死→___________ (adj.)死的；死亡的→___________ (adj.)要死的 lie v.躺；平躺→___________ (现在分词)→___________ (过去式)→___________ (过去分词) hurt v. (使)疼痛；受伤→___________ (过去式/过去分词) feeling n.感觉；感触→___________ (v.)感觉；感到→___________ (过去式/过去分词) interest v.& n.使感兴趣；使关注→___________ (adj.)感兴趣的→___________ (adj.)有趣的
重 点 短 语 用尽；耗尽 ____________ 及时 ____________ 幸亏；由于 ____________ 作出决定(做某事) ____________ 冒险 ____________ 量体温 ____________ 下车 ____________ 上车 ____________ 使……惊讶的是；出乎……的意料 ____________ 在……岁的时候 ____________ 考虑做某事 ____________ 发烧/咳嗽/感冒/流鼻血 ____________ 患流感 ____________ 头痛/牙痛/胃疼 ____________ 放弃做某事 ____________ 遇上麻烦；处于困境 ____________ 掌管；管理 ____________ 对做……感兴趣 ____________ 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等) ____________ 与……相似 ____________ 建起；设立 ____________ 影响；有作用 ____________ 对……感到兴奋 ____________ 立刻；马上 ____________ 推迟 ____________ 张贴；搭建；举起 ____________ 分发 ____________ 曾经……；过去…… ____________ (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来 ____________ 分发；散发 ____________ 同时 ____________ 没能力做某事 ____________ 担忧；担心 ____________ (外貌或行为)像 ____________ 赠送；捐赠 ____________
重 点 句 型 —What's the matter？你怎么了？ —I have a ______.我背痛。 ______ Mr.Wang and the passengers,the man was saved by the doctors______.多亏了王先生和乘客们,医生及时挽救了那位老人。 Someone ________ the head.有人撞到头了。 As a mountain climber,Aron __________ risks.作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯了冒险。 ____ I take my temperature？我该量体温吗？ It doesn't ______ you have a fever.听起来你不像发烧。 You need to take breaks ______ the computer.你需要远离电脑休息。 The bus driver,24－year－old Wang Ping stopped the bus ________.24岁的公交车司机王平没有多考虑就把车停了下来。 Aron ______ the ______ making good decisions,and of __________ one's life.阿伦讲述了作出正确决定和掌管个人生命的重要性。 She could read by herself __________ four.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。 ____ here ____ a dream ______ for me.在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。 You helped to __________ me ____ have Lucky.你的帮助使得我有可能拥有“幸运儿”(狗名)。 They ____ me stories ____ the past and how things ________.他们给我讲过去的生活经历,讲过去是什么样子的。 I get ______________ when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their ____ faces.当我看到动物们病情渐好,看到它们主人脸上的喜悦表情时,我获得了一种极强的满足感。
知识点
考点一 used to的用法
【教材原句】They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。
辨析含used to的短语
be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 句子的主语指“人”
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 含有与现在对比的意思
be used to do sth./be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 句子的主语表示“物”
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·四川达州） The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.
A. write, showing B. writing, show C. write, show
考点二 alone的用法
【教材原句】I want to travel alone. 我想独自去旅行。
alone adj. & adv. 独自
alone相当于on one's own或者by oneself
词汇拓展：
lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）Alice felt ________ in her new school, so she joined some clubs to make new friends.
A．sleepy B．lonely C．interested D．excited
2. (2023·黑龙江绥化)— The old man lives ________, so he may feel ________.
— We should visit him twice a month.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——这位老人独自生活，所以他可能会感到孤独。——我们应该一个月去看他两次。
考查词义辨析。alone独自，副词；lonely孤独的，有一定的感彩。第一空是修饰动词lives，应用副词alone；第二空表示感到孤独，应用lonely，故选A。
3．（2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）Alice felt ________ in her new school, so she joined some clubs to make new friends.
A．sleepy B．lonely C．interested D．excited
考点三 excited的用法
excited adj. 兴奋的；激动的
相关词汇拓展：
excite v. 使兴奋
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；令人激动的
excitement n. 兴奋；激动；刺激；令人兴奋/激动的事
短语搭配：
be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋
be excited to do sth. 做某事感到兴奋
to one's excitement 令某人兴奋的是
【注意】excited 主要用来修饰人，表示人的情绪状态，用来修饰物，exciting表示事物本身具有的令人兴奋、激动的特性。
eg：The news filled everyone with excitement. 这个消息让每个人都充满了兴奋。
The news filled her with excitement. 这个消息让她充满了兴奋。
The concert was a great excitement for music lovers.这场音乐会对音乐爱好者来说是一件令人兴奋的事。
He was excited about the news.他对这个消息感到兴奋。
The movie is exciting.这部电影令人兴奋。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）I feel ________ to grow vegetables on the school farm tomorrow. I can’t wait.
A．excited B．surprised C．worried D．afraid
2．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）It makes me ________ to watch National Women’s Volleyball Team’s matches.
A．feel exciting B．to feel excited C．feel excited
3．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—Hi, you look ________. Why are you so happy today
—Can you believe it I have just met Miss Zhou, my first teacher!
A．excited B．exciting C．excite
考点四 mean的用法
mean v. 意思是；打算；意欲
相关词汇拓展：
meaning n. 意思，意义
meaningful adj. 有意义的，意味深长的
meaningless adj. 没有意义的
短语搭配：
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算去做某事
◆ 精题巧练
1. （2023江苏连云港) It is __________（有意义的）to do a survey on how to go green in the community.
2．（2023·甘肃庆阳·一模）Dragons have a special ________ in traditional Chinese culture.
A．example B．meaning C．standard D．progress
考点五 decision的用法
decision n. 决定；抉择
相关词汇拓展：
decide v. 决定
短语搭配：
make a decision 做决定
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
eg：It was a difficult decision to make. 这是一个艰难的决定。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023·辽宁本溪、葫芦岛中考) 根据所给中文完成句子翻译
无论你做什么事，应该学会自己做决定。
No matter what you do, you should learn to ________.
2. （2024·湖南）The quality（品质）was good, but I wanted to do something different, so I decided ________（have）a different menu.
3．（2023·福建福州·三模）My father has made a ________ that he will buy a digital camera for me.
A．suggestion B．decision C．introduction
考点六 difficulty的用法
difficulty n．困难；难题
当difficulty表示做一件事的困难程度时，常作不可数名词，其前可用some，no等词修饰，
当difficulty表示具体的困难、难处、难点时，作可数名词。
短语搭配：
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·四川乐山·语法填空节选）They kept their promise and faced life’s _________ (difficulty) together, just as their wise father had taught them.
考点七 give up的用法
give up 放弃
短语搭配：
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
拓展：
give out 分发；散发
give away 捐赠；赠给
give back 归还
give in 让步，屈服
give off 散发(液体、气体等)
◆ 精题巧练
1. （2023·新疆）—What abilities should a dog trainer have
—I think he should be responsible and never ___________.
A. give away B. give out C. give back D. give up
2．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I think your grandfather should ________ smoking.
—I agree. Smoking is bad for his health.
A．put up B．give up C．pick up D．take up
考点八 try out的用法
try out参加选拔；试用
拓展：
try for 试图获得，力争，赢得
try on 试穿（衣物）
try one's best 尽力
try out
eg：She's trying out for the school play. 她正在参加学校戏剧的选拔。
◆ 精题巧练
1.（2023·湖北荆州） 根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
登山者们正在尽最大努力登顶，这时开始下大雪了。(best)
The climbers _________ to reach the top when it began to snow heavily.
2. （2023·辽宁营口）根据所给中文完成句子翻译。
买裤子之前要先试穿。
________ the trousers before you buy them.
3．（2023·内蒙古·中考真题）—Michael, ________ this shirt.
—Oh, it looks nice on me.
A．throw away B．put down C．take off D．try on
考点九 see sb.doing sth．的用法
【教材原句】At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.昨天上午9点，26路公交车正沿着中华路行驶，司机看到一位老人躺在路边。
see sb.doing sth．看到某人正在做某事 强调动作正在进行
see sb.do sth.看到某人做某事 强调动作经常发生或看到某事发生的全过程
◆ 精题巧练
1. （2023·黑龙江绥化）I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room.
A. dance B. dancing C. to dance
考点十 put off的用法
put off 推迟
短语搭配：
put off the meeting 推迟会议
eg：The meeting has been put off until next week. 会议被推迟到了下周。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）The football game has to be ________ till next Friday because of the bad weather.
A．put off B．put on C．put up
考点十一 satisfaction的用法
satisfaction n. 满意，满足
相关词汇拓展：
satisfactory adj. 令人满意的
短语搭配：
to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是
eg：He nodded in satisfaction when he saw the results. 当他看到结果时，满意地点了点头。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）This kind of SmartWatch ________ Mr Li’s daily needs. He wears it all the time.
A．satisfies B．hides C．carries D．brings
考点十二 risk的用法
risk n. 风险； v.冒险
相关词汇拓展：
risky adj. 有风险的
短语搭配：
take a risk 冒险
eg：He took a risk by investing all his money in the project. 他把所有钱都投资在这个项目上，冒了很大的风险。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）If you put all your eggs in one basket, you ________ losing everything all at one time.
A．risk B．enjoy C．avoid D．consider
考点十三 imagine的用法
imagine v. 想象
相关词汇拓展：
imagination n. 想象力
短语搭配：
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
eg：I can't imagine living without electricity. 我无法想象没有电的生活。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Can you ________ what our life will be like in 100 years
—Yes. Everybody can travel to the moon freely.
A．imagine B．produce C．improve
2．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）I couldn’t ________ what else he has to say. Everyone knows that’s a lie.
A．suppose B．imagine C．realize D．consider
考点十四 change的用法
change v. 改变 n. 变化
相关词汇拓展：
changeable adj. 易变的
短语搭配：
change one's mind 改变主意
eg：The weather changes a lot in spring. 春天的天气变化很大。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）Jenny, you have _____ a lot, much thinner and more hardworking than before.
A．done B．changed C．learned D．practiced
考点十五 give away的用法
give away 赠送，泄露
eg：She gave away her old clothes to charity. 她把旧衣服捐给了慈善机构。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes
—Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need.
A．give them away B．wash them away
C．throw them away D．keep them away
考点十六 fix up的用法
fix up 修理，装饰
eg：They fixed up the old car so it looks like new. 他们把那辆旧车修理得看起来像新的一样。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Tim, what were you doing when I called you
—I ________ bicycle with my sister.
A．was cutting up B．am making up C．am picking up D．was fixing up
考点十七 run out的用法
run out 用完，耗尽
短语搭配：
run out of sth. 用完某物
eg：We've run out of milk. 我们的牛奶用完了。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）The wind energy costs very little and will never ________. Besides, it produces little pollution.
A．blow out B．run out C．put out D．break out
2．（2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）The energy from the sun and the wind costs little and will never ________.
A．turn out B．put out C．cut out D．run out
考点十八 come up with的用法
come up with 想出，提出
短语搭配：
come up with an idea 想出一个主意
eg：He came up with a brilliant solution to the problem. 他想出了一个解决问题的绝妙办法。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·吉林长春·中考真题）My friend can always _______ good ideas to solve his problems.
A．keep away from B．take care of C．get on with D．come up with
考点十九 cheer的用法
cheer v. 欢呼，使振奋；n. 欢呼声，振奋
相关词汇拓展：
cheerful adj. 欢快的
短语搭配：
cheer up 使振奋起来
eg：The crowd cheered loudly when the team won. 当球队获胜时，人群大声欢呼。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·福建厦门·二模）—Look at the photo. What a _________ moment!
—Yeah. We took the photo on the opening day of Xiang’an Bridge.
A．cheerful B．helpful C．careful
2．（2024·安徽合肥·三模）—I hate rain. It never ends.
—Dear, don’t think of it. Try to be ______ and enjoy things.
A．careful B．cheerful C．useful D．harmful
考点二十 accident的用法
accident n. 事故，意外
相关词汇拓展：
accidental adj. 意外的
eg：He was involved in a car accident last week. 他上周发生了一起车祸。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·青海·中考真题）A taxi driver prevented (阻止) an _________ when he saw a car with serious problems travelling across Huangnan.
A．accident B．interview C．advertisement
考点二十一 importance的用法
importance n. 重要性
相关词汇拓展：
important adj. 重要的
短语搭配：
the importance of education 教育的重要性
eg：Understanding the importance of health is crucial. 理解健康的重要性是至关重要的。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北襄阳·一模）—What do you think of the activity on World Book Day this year
—Great! Everyone realized the ________ of reading and planned to read more books.
A．difference B．importance C．expression D．popularity
考点二十二 kindly的用法
kindly adv. 和蔼地，亲切地
相关词汇拓展：
kind adj. 和蔼的；n. 种类
短语搭配：
speak kindly to sb. 和蔼地对某人说话
eg：He kindly helped me with my luggage. 他和蔼地帮我拿行李。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·安徽蚌埠·二模）Our English teacher always treats us ________ even if we often make trouble in class.
A．kindly B．carefully C．lightly D．badly
考点二十三 matter的用法
matter n. 事情，问题；物质 v. 重要
短语搭配：
What's the matter 怎么了？
It doesn't matter. 没关系。
eg：This matter needs to be discussed further. 这件事需要进一步讨论。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·江苏南通·一模）—Have you noticed that home-school cooperation is getting more attention than ever before
—Yes. In fact, what really ________ is what parents say and do.
A．considers B．values C．matters D．minds
考点二十四 clever的用法
clever adj. 聪明的，伶俐的
相关词汇拓展：
cleverness n. 聪明
短语搭配：
a clever idea 一个聪明的想法
eg：She is a very clever girl. 她是一个非常聪明的女孩。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·广西钦州·二模）What a ________ boy and he can work out such a difficult math problem.
A．clever B．kind C．lazy
考点二十五 take after的用法
take after 长得像，性格类似于
eg：She takes after her mother in looks. 她长得像她妈妈。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2023·湖北荆州·中考真题）—Jimmy, the bikes you gave away to the poor kids help them a lot. What gave you the idea
—I guess I _______ my father. He always volunteers to help people.
A．take after B．look after C．talk back D．turn down
语法点
一、情态动词should、shouldn’t用法
1. should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
e.g. You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。
He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。
You shouldn’t watch TV. 你不应该看电视。
2.should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
e.g. Should I put some medicine on it 我应当给它敷上药吗？
Should we tell her about it 我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）People ________ talk on mobile phones while they are driving because it’s too dangerous.
A．might not B．needn’t C．shouldn’t
2．（2024·吉林松原·三模）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A．might B．would C．should
3．（2024·广西·三模）—Excuse me, but we ________ wait in line to get on the subway.
—I’m sorry.
A．might B．should C．could
4．（2024·北京昌平·二模）You ________ run on the busy road. It’s dangerous!
A．needn’t B．shouldn’t C．won’t D．wouldn’t
二、反身代词
1. 英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别和数上保持一致。
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
2. 反身代词的用法
①可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
e.g. Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾
We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。
②可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
e.g. She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天不太舒服。
③可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
e.g. She herself will fly to London tomorrow.她自己明天将飞往伦敦。
I met the writer himself last week. 我上周亲自见过这位作家。
④用在某些固定短语当中。
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
say to oneself 自言自语
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
【注意】反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
我自己能完成作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework.
（正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·西藏·中考真题）He can use Chat GPT-4 by ________ without my help.
A．him B．her C．himself D．herself
2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Little Mary was proud of ______ because she taught Uncle Li how to borrow books online.
A．herself B．hers C．she D．her
3．（2024·天津·中考真题）When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after ________.
A．my; myself B．my; mine C．me; myself D．me; mine
4．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Maria, you should believe in ________. That’s the secret of success.
—OK, I will.
A．myself B．yourself C．herself D．himself
三、不定式的用法
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
基本形式：to＋动词原形，有时to可以省略；否定形式：not + 动词不定式。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
1、 作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin, want, remember, agree, learn, like, decide, fail, pretend, demand, refuse等。
e.g. I want to tell you a story.我想给你讲个故事。
They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早上八点开始工作。
Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow 你明天想和我们一起去野餐吗？
2、 作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。
e.g. The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老师让我们早上读半个小时的英语。
Please let me help you.请让我来帮你。
但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词, 其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：
①.不可以省略to的不定式作宾语补足语:
tell /ask / want / would like / wish /suppose / invite /encourage /teach/ depend on等 + sb.+ to do sth.
e.g. The teacher told us to come earlier.老师让我们早点来。
Tom invited me to his birthday party.汤姆邀请我参加他的生日聚会。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher.她的父母希望她当老师。
②省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：let / make / have + sb. +do sth.
see / watch / hear / notice / feel +sb.+do sth.
e.g. Let the girl leave here now.让女孩现在离开这里。
The boy made the baby cry.男孩把婴儿弄哭了。
I often hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到那个女孩在隔壁房间唱歌。
③可省可不省的: help sb. （to）do sth.
e.g. I often help my mother (to) do housework.我经常帮妈妈做家务。
3. 作状语:
（1）作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不用于句首。
e.g. He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。
The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.公共汽车停下来接乘客。
（2）作结果状语。
e.g. He woke up only to find everybody gone.他醒来时发现所有人都走了。
His grandma lived to see the liberation of China.他的祖母活着看到了中国的解放。
He is old enough to go to school.他已经到了上学的年龄。
（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
e.g I’m proud to have taken part in the competitions.我很自豪能参加比赛。
I’m happy to have found many things.我很高兴找到了很多东西
4. 动词不定式的否定形式：
（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not。
e.g. Tell them not to play football in the street.告诉他们不要在街上踢足球。
（2）省略to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.
e.g. Let the boy not go.让那男孩不要走。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·海南·中考真题）In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival.
A．to celebrate B．celebrate C．celebrated
2．（2024·天津·中考真题）People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.
A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows
3．（2024·云南·中考真题）Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology.
A．give B．given C．giving D．to give
4．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents
—You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.
A．how to buy B．what to buy C．where to buy D．when to buy
5．（2024·上海浦东新·一模）New environmental protection materials are used ________ houses in this area.
A．build B．building C．to build D．built
6．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）How kind you are! You always do what you can ________ others.
A．help B．to help C．helps D．helping
7．（2024·青海玉树·三模）Do you have free time I’d like to invite you ________ Mount Tai.
A．climbing B．climb C．to climb
8．（2024·内蒙古兴安盟·二模）—Why are you so excited
—Peter invited me ________ on a trip to Mount Tai.
A．to go B．go C．going D．went
9．（2024·吉林长春·二模）—Mr. Gao has recommended (推荐) many books. Have you decided ________
—Yes. This Saturday.
A．how to borrow them B．which to read first
C．when to buy them D．where to find them
10．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—The socialist new countryside makes farmers ________ their living conditions.
—I agree. My grandparents in the village always wear smiles on their faces.
A．improve B．to improve C．improving
11．（2024·云南昆明·三模）It’s polite ______ “thank you” very often, even to family members.
A．say B．to say C．saying D．said
12．（2024·福建厦门·二模）Knowing that they have raised enough money for the children’s home, he was too excited ________ a word.
A．say B．saying C．to say
13．（2024·云南昭通·二模）—More and more young people like to buy new Chinese-style clothes ________ these days.
—Yes. New Chinese-style clothing is becoming very popular.
A．wear B．wearing C．wears D．to wear
四、could用于建议
1.could可以作为can的过去式，表示过去的能力
e.g. The little boy could speak English when he was four.这个小男孩四岁时就会说英语了。
He couldn't solve the problem though he thought it over and over again.这个问题他想了一遍又一遍，但还是解决不了。
2. could还可以 提出建议 ，当使用“could”提出建议时，语气更加委婉和礼貌。
e.g. You could try studying a bit earlier. 你可以试着早点学习。
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.你可以要求医院让你去看望孩子们，让他们振作起来。
◆ 精题巧练
1．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ________ read until he was seven.
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．couldn’t
2．（2024·新疆克孜勒苏·一模）Jenny finally got the job because she ________ speak English well.
A．might B．must C．could D．need
