/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第15讲 八年级下 Units9--10
重 点 单 词 camera n.照相机;摄影机;摄像机 encourage v.鼓励 social adj.社会的 unbelievable adj.难以置信的;不真实的 progress v.& n.进步;进展 collect v.收集;采集 German adj.德国的;德语的;德国人的 n.;德语;德国人 toilet n.坐便器;厕所 peaceful adj.和平的;安宁的 perfect adj.完美的;完全的 ride n.供乘骑的游乐设施;短途旅程 province n.省份 thousand num.一千 rapid adj.迅速的;快速的 unusual adj.特别的;不寻常的 Japanese adj.n.日本的;日本人的;日语的 n.日本人;日语 whenever conj.在任何……的时候;无论何时 spring n.春天 whether conj.不管…… 还是;或者…… 或者;是否 Indian adj.印度的 n.;印度人 sweet adj.甜蜜的;甜的;含糖的 memory n.记忆;回忆 toy n.玩具 bear n.熊 mostly adv.主要地;通常 safe adj.安全的;无危险的 simply adv.仅仅;只;不过 fear v.& n.害怕;惧怕 board n.板;木板 junior adj.地位 或职位、级别低下的 clear v.清理;清除 bedroom n.卧室 maker n.生产者;制订者 scarf n.围巾;披巾;头巾 part v.离开;分开 certain adj.某种;某事;某人 honest adj.诚实的;老实的 while n.一段时间;一会儿 truthful adj.诚实的;真实的 search v.& n.搜索;搜查 among prep.在 其中;……之一 century n.百年;世纪 opposite prep.与……相对;在……对面 adj.对面的;另一边的 especially adv.尤其;特别;格外 soft adj.软的;柔软的 check v.& n.检查;审查 own v.拥有;有 railway n.铁路;铁道 hometown n.家乡;故乡 crayon n.彩色铅笔 或粉笔、蜡笔 shame n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧 regard v.将……认为;把……视为;看待 count v.数数 nowadays adv.现今;现在;目前 childhood n童年;幼年 consider v.注视;仔细考虑 hold v.拥有;抓住
词 汇 拓 展 social adj.社会的→society (n.)社会 it pron.它→itself (反身代词) invent v.发明→invention (n.)发明 usual adj.通常的;寻常的→unusual (反义词)不同寻常的 German adj.& n.德国的;德语的;德语;德国人→Germany (n.)德国 believe v.相信→unbelievable (adj.)难以置信的 rapid adj.迅速的;快速的→rapidly (adv.)快速地 fox n.狐狸→foxes (复数) memory n.记忆;回忆→memorize (v.)记忆 scarf n.围巾;披巾;头巾→scarves/scarfs (复数) safe adj.安全的→safety (n.)安全→safely (adv.)安全地→dangerous (反义词)(adj.)危险的 Indian adj.印度的;印度人的→India (n.)印度 Japanese adj.& n.日本的;日本人的;日本人;日语→Japan (n.)日本 soft adj.软的→hard (反义词)(adj.)硬的 century n.世纪→centuries (复数)世纪 hold v.拥有;抓住→held (过去式/过去分词) honest adj.诚实的→honesty (n.)诚实→unhonest (反义词)(n.)不诚实的 shame n.羞耻;羞愧→shameful (adj.)羞愧的
重 点 短 语 了解;获知;得知learn about 导致;通向lead to 张贴;搭建;举起put up 取得进步make (great)progress 以如此快速的方式in such a rapid way 鼓励某人(不)做某事encourage sb.(not)to do sth. 两个;一对,几个a couple of 听说(过去式heard)hear of/about sth. 数以千计的;许许多多的thousands of 一方面……另一方面……on the one hand…on the other hand… 在白天during/in the daytime 全年all year round 几乎接近 close to 带回甜蜜的回忆bring back sweet memories 察看;观察check out 清理;丢掉clear out 不再no longer=not…any longer 至于;关于as for 说实在的to be honest 一会儿for a while 依据;按照according to 考虑做某事 consider doing sth.
重 点 句 型 —I'venever been to a water park.我从未去过水上公园。 —Me neither.我也没去过。 —Have you ever been to a science museum?你曾经去过科学博物馆吗? —Yes,I have.是的,我去过。 —I've been to the art museum many times.我去过艺术博物馆很多次了。 —Me,too.And I've also visited the nature museum.我也是。而且我还参观过自然博物馆。 —How long have you had that bike over there 你买那边的那辆自行车多久了? —I've had it for three years.我已经买了三年了。 —How long has his son owned the train and railway set 他儿子拥有火车和铁轨套装多久了? —He's owned it since his fourth birthday.自从他的4岁生日时就已经拥有了。 We put up a tent and cooked outside.我们搭起帐篷并且在外面做饭。 It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!科学技术进步得如此之快,真是难以置信。 I wonder how much more computers will be able to do in the future.我想知道将来电脑还能够做些什么事情。 You won't have any problem getting rice,noodles or dumplings.你将不会在获得米饭、面条或是饺子上有任何困难。 So you can choose to go whenever you like—spring,summer,autumn or winter.因此你可以选择你喜欢的任何时候去,春天、夏天、秋天或者冬天。 I've never been camping.我从未野营过。 The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.茶艺表演展示怎样用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶。 Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself.观看茶的准备过程就像喝茶本身一样令人愉快。 As they get bigger,our house seems to get smaller.随着他们长大,我们的房子似乎变小了。 I used to return home at least once a year,but I haven't been back for almost three years now.我过去至少一年回家一次,但是我现在几乎快三年没回去了。 Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.家乡在我们的心中留下了许多温柔甜美回忆。 We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.我们已经决定每个人卖掉我们不再用的5样东西。
知识点
考点一 regard的用法
【教材原句】 Zhong Wei regards such developments as important steps for his hometown. 钟伟认为这样的发展对他的家乡来说是重要的进步。
regard v. 将……认为;看待;注视;凝视
短语搭配:
regard...as... 把看作……
regard sth./sb.(+adv./prep.) (尤指以某种方式)注视某物/某人
eg:I regard him as my best friend. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·青岛黄岛区·一模)—Do you think it necessary for teenagers to learn cooking at home
—Sure. Cooking is ______ an important part of education in China.
A.depended on B.regarded as
C.compared with D.pulled down
【答案】 B
【详解】句意:——你认为青少年有必要在家学习烹饪吗?——当然。烹饪在中国被视为教育的重要组成部分。
考查动词短语辨析。depended on“依靠”;regarded as“视为,认为”;compared with“与…相比”;pulled down“摧毁”。根据"Cookingis…. an important part ofeducation in China."可知,烹饪在中国被视为教育的重要组成部分。故选B。
考点二 encourage的用法
【教材原句】 It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. 它还鼓励政府和社会团体考虑如何在未来改善厕所。
encourage v. 鼓励
相关词汇拓展:
encouragement n. 鼓励
encouraging adj. 鼓励的
短语搭配:
encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
be encouraged to do sth. 被鼓励做某事
eg:My teacher encourages me to study hard. 我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023四川广安)My parents always ____________(鼓励) me to be myself.
【答案】encourage
【详解】句意:我父母总是鼓励我做自己。encourage“鼓励”,动词;本句陈述事实,需用一般现在时,主语是复数,动词需用原形。故填encourage。
2.(2023·江西吉安·一模)April 24th is made Space Day of China to _______ more young people to believe in science and to explore the unknown.
A.cause B.allow C.warn D.encourage
【答案】D
【详解】句意:4月24日是中国的太空日,目的是鼓励更多的年轻人相信科学,探索未知。
考查动词辨析。cause导致;allow允许;warn警告;encourage鼓励。根据“more young people to believe in science and to explore the unknown.”可知,此处表达鼓励更多的年轻人相信科学,故选D。
3.(2023·福建宁德·二模)— Dad, grandma can’t book a taxi online.
— You should help her and ________ her to try new things.
A.allow B.warn C.encourage
【答案】C
【详解】句意:———爸爸,奶奶网上订不到出租车。——你应该帮助她,鼓励她尝试新事物。
考查动词辩词。allow允许;warn警示;encourage鼓励。根据“You should help her”可知,此处指的是“鼓励她尝试新事物”。故选C。
考点三 among用法
【教材原句】Among these people is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. 46岁的丈夫兼父亲钟伟就是这些人中的一个。
among prep. 在(其)中;······之一
辨析among与between
among 强调三者或三者以上之间,宾语常是表示笼统数量或有复数意义的名词或代词
between 强调两者之间或多个对象的两两之间,可以与and搭配
e.g. She is among the most talented musicians in the world. 她是世界上最有才华的音乐家之一。
Peter sat between Mary and Jane.彼得坐在玛丽和简之间。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2022·江苏泰州) 200 families won 2021 Jiangsu Most Beautiful Families Award this year, and 15 families from Taizhou were______ them.
A.among B. between C.over D.on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:200个家庭获得了2021年江苏最美家庭奖,他们其中15个来自泰州的家庭。
考查介词辨析。among在三者或更多事物/人中间;between在两者之间;over在…上方,超过;on在…上面;关于。根据“200 families ”可知,这是在三者以上,among符合语境。故选A。
考点四 social用法
social adj. 社会的
相关词汇拓展:
socially adv. 在社会上
socialize v.交际,社交
短语搭配:
social media 社交媒体
social skills社交技能
eg:Social media has become an important part of our lives. 社交媒体已成为我们生活的重要组成部分。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·湖北黄石·中考真题)In Switzerland, keeping only one goldfish isn’t allowed, because it is very bad to make such ________ animals live alone.
A.lucky B.social C.patient D.dangerous
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在瑞士,只养一条金鱼是不允许的,因为让这种群居动物独自生活是非常糟糕的。
考查形容词辨析。lucky幸运的;social合群的;patient耐心的;dangerous危险的。根据“it is very bad to make such...animals live alone.”可知让群居性动物单独生活是很糟糕的,social符合语境。故选B。
考点五 bring短语用法
bring v. 带来
相关词汇拓展:
brought(过去式),bringing(现在分词)
短语搭配:
bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
bring up 提出,抚养
bring back 使回忆起;使想起;归还
bring down 使降低,击落
bring out 显示出来,出版,生产
bring in/into 引进,提出
eg:Please bring your homework to school tomorrow. 请明天把你的作业带到学校来。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023·四川达州中考) —Who is your best friend, Linda
—Mary. She always helps me ______ the best in me. The longer I stay with her, _______I will be.
A. look out, the more confident
B. bring out, the more confident
C. bring out, the less confident
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——谁是你最好的朋友,琳达 ——玛丽。她总是帮助我展现我最好的一面。我和她在一起的时间越长,我就会越自信。
考查动词短语及比较级。look out当心;bring out使显现,使表现出。第一空考查bring out the best in sb."使某人表现出最好的一 面"。第二空考查句式:The+比较级,the+比较级,意为“越……越……”,根据“She always helps me. the best in me.”可知,玛丽使“我”展现最好的一面,故在一起时间越长,“我”就越自信。故选B。
考点六 whether...or...短语用法
【教材原句】Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you'll find it all in Singapore!无论你喜欢印度菜、西餐还是日本菜,你都可以在新加坡找到!
whether...or... 不管......还是......
用来连接并列选择部分
e.g. Whether sick or well, she is always cheerful. 无论生病还是健康,她总是很快乐。
【拓展】
whether还可以引导宾语从句,此时whether意为“是否”,同if。如果在从句中和or not直接连用,则只能用whether。
eg:Whether you go or stay, I'll support your decision. 无论你去还是留,我都会支持你的决定。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023黑龙江牡丹江) —Alice, I wonder _______ you won the tug-of-war (拔河比赛) yesterday.
—Yeah! We pulled together and made it in the end.
A.what B. where C.whether
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——爱丽丝,我想知道你昨天是否赢了拔河比赛。——是的。我们齐心协力,最终取得了胜利。
考查宾语从句关系词。what什么;where在哪里;whether是否。根据“wonder”可知,想知道对方是否赢了拔河比赛,应用whether引导宾语从句,故选C。
考点七 invent的用法
invent v. 发明
相关词汇拓展:
invention n. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
eg:Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb. 托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great ________ of China.
A.Inventions B.Advantages C.Environments D.Technologies
【答案】A
【详解】句意:高铁被视为中国的新四大发明之一。
考查名词辨析。Inventions发明;Advantages优势;Environments环境;Technologies科技。根据“High-speed trains”结合常识可知,高铁是中国的新四大发明之一。故选A。
2.(2023·辽宁营口·中考真题)Scientists who are full of ________ always come up with new ideas and bring great changes to our life.
A.instruction B.instrument C.invention D.introduction
【答案】C
【详解】句意:富有创意的科学家们总是提出新的想法,给我们生活的带来巨大变化。
考查名词辨析。instruction说明;instrument乐器;invention创意;introduction介绍,根据“always come up with new ideas”可知此处指富有创意的科学家们。故选C。
考点八 progress的用法
progress n. 进步,进展 ;v. 进步,发展
相关词汇拓展:
progressive adj. 进步的
短语搭配:
make progress 取得进步
eg:He has made great progress in his studies. 他在学习上取得了很大的进步。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·河北石家庄·三模)Li Ming looks very happy. He has made great ________ in his English study.
A.progress B.knowledge C.courage D.decision
【答案】A
【详解】句意:李明看起来很高兴。他在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。
考查名词辨析。progress进步;knowledge知识;courage勇气;decision决定。根据“Li Ming looks very happy.”可知,李明很开心。再根据“made great…in”可知,很开心是因为取得进步,此处是固定短语make great progress in sth意为“在某方面取得很大的进步”。故选A。
2.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)Chinese scientists have made great ________ in space technology recently.
A.information B.progress C.knowledge
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国科学家最近在空间技术方面取得了巨大的进展。
考查名词辨析。information信息;progress进步,进展;knowledge知识。根据“in space technology”可知,是在该领域取得进展,make great progress in sth“在某方面取得巨大进步/进展”。故选B。
考点九 safe的用法
safe adj. 安全的
相关词汇拓展:
safety n. 安全
safely adv. 安全地
短语搭配:
a safe place 一个安全的地方
feel safe 感到安全
eg:It's safe to cross the street now. 现在过马路是安全的。
We must follow the safety rules when we are in the laboratory. 我们在实验室时必须遵守安全规则。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)—Remember: stop at the red light and walk when it turns green.
—In this way, we can keep ourselves ________.
A.warm B.safe C.silent D.active
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——记住:红灯停,绿灯再走。——这样,我们可以保证自己的安全。
考查形容词辨析。warm暖和的;safe安全的;silent沉默的;active积极的。由“Remember: stop at the red light and walk when it turns green”可知,交通规则是保证安全的。故选B。
2.(2023·新疆·二模)Chinese government always puts the life ________ of people first when accidents happen.
A.safety B.wealth C.success D.fame
【答案】A
【详解】句意:中国政府总是在意外发生时优先考虑人民的人生安全。
考查名词辨析。safety安全;wealth财富;success成功;fame名声。根据“Chinese government always puts the life ... of people first when accidents happen.”可知,意外发生时优先考虑人民的安全。故选A。
考点十 simply的用法
simply adv. 简单地,仅仅
eg:Simply put, I don't like this movie. 简单地说,我不喜欢这部电影。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·安徽合肥·二模)—Can you imagine moving to Mars for living
—Of course. It is ________ a matter of time.
A.properly B.lately C.simply D.fairly
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你能想象搬到火星生活吗?——当然。这只是时间问题。
考查副词辨析。properly恰当地;lately最近;simply仅仅,简单地;fairly简直,公正地。根据“Of course.”和“a matter of time”可知,他认为人们迟早都会搬到火星上生活,仅仅是时间的问题。故选C。
2.(2023·安徽·三模)— How do you say the Chinese food roujiamo in English
— Well, it looks like the hamburger so we can _________ call it “Chinese hamburger”.
A.hardly B.luckily C.simply D.widely
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——中国食物“肉夹馍”用英语怎么说?——嗯,它看起来像汉堡包,所以我们可以简单地称它为“中式汉堡包”。
考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不;luckily幸运地;simply简单地;widely普遍地。根据“call it “Chinese hamburger””和常识可知,在外国名词前加Chinese是一种命名的简单方法。故选C。
考点十一 collect的用法
collect v. 收集
相关词汇拓展:
collection n. 收集,收藏品
collector n. 收藏家
短语搭配:
collect stamps 收集邮票
collect money 筹款
eg:He likes to collect old coins. 他喜欢收集古币。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题)Linda likes to ________ pens and she has had all kinds of pens so far.
A.collect B.throw C.lose D.give
【答案】A
【详解】句意:琳达喜欢收藏钢笔,到目前为止,她已经有各种各样的钢笔了。
考查动词辨析。collect收集,收藏;throw扔掉;lose丢失;give给予。根据“she has had all kinds of pens so far”可知,她有各种各样的钢笔,说明她喜欢收藏钢笔。故选A。
考点十二 especially的用法
especially adv. 特别地,尤其
短语搭配:
especially for 特别为…
eg:I love all fruits, especially apples. 我喜欢所有的水果,尤其是苹果。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·福建福州·三模)—Be careful when you are walking on the street, _________ on such a foggy day.
—Thanks, I will.
A.exactly B.probably C.especially
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——当你走在街上时要小心,尤其是在雾蒙蒙的日子。——谢谢,我会的。
考查副词词义辨析。exactly确切地;probably可能地;especially尤其。根据“Be careful when you are walking on the street”可知,走在街上时要小心。而“on such a foggy day在雾蒙蒙的日子”是特殊的情况。所以“尤其”符合语境。故选C。
2.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江·二模)This year 2023 is full of hopes and challenges, ________ for all of you, the Grade 9 students. Value every minute and work hard for your dreams.
A.completely B.especially C.exactly
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2023年充满了希望和挑战,尤其是对你们九年级的学生来说。珍惜每一分钟,为你的梦想而努力。
考查副词辨析。completely完全地;especially尤其;exactly精确地。根据“This year 2023 is full of hopes and challenges,…for all of you, the Grade 9 students.”可知此处表示强调,空处填“尤其”符合语境,故选B。
3.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模)I have many great memories of that year, ________ playing in the snow in winter.
A.gradually B.generally C.especially
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我对那一年有很多美好的回忆,特别是在冬天的雪地里玩耍。
考查副词辨析。gradually逐渐地;generally一般地;especially特别。根据“playing in the snow in winter”可知这也是美好记忆中的一件事,在这里起强调的重要,especially符合。故选C。
考点十三 honest的用法
honest adj. 诚实的
相关词汇拓展:
honesty n. 诚实
honestly adv. 诚实地
短语搭配:
be honest with sb. 对某人诚实
eg:He is an honest boy. 他是一个诚实的男孩。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·福建泉州·二模)—Do you enjoy the documentary Aerial China(《航拍中国》) It’s so amazing!
—Yes, of course. To be _______, I’m crazy about it.
A.silent B.honest C.brave
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你喜欢纪录片《航拍中国》吗?太神奇了!——是的,当然。老实说,我对它很着迷。
考查形容词词义辨析和介词短语。silent沉默的;honest诚实的;brave勇敢的。根据答语“Yes, of course. To be…I’m crazy about it.”可知,对这部纪录片很着迷,是对这部纪录片发自内心的评价。短语“to be honest老实说,说实在的”符合语境。故选B。
考点十四 certainly的用法
certainly adv. 当然地
短语搭配:
certainly not 当然不是
of course certainly 当然可以
eg:Certainly, I can help you with your homework. 当然,我可以帮你做作业。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·山东滨州·中考真题)—Father’s Day is around the corner, but I don’t have money to buy a gift for my dad.
—Why not make a card by yourself He will ________ love it.
A.widely B.smoothly C.hardly D.certainly
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——父亲节就要到了,但我没钱给爸爸买礼物。——为什么不自己制作一张卡片呢?他一定会喜欢的。
考查副词辨析。widely普遍地;smoothly平滑地;hardly几乎不;certainly肯定。根据“Why not make a card by yourself He will...love it”可知你爸爸一定会喜欢你自己制作的礼物。故选D。
考点十五 rapidly的用法
rapidly adv. 迅速地
相关词汇拓展:
rapid adj. 迅速的
短语搭配:
rapidly growing 迅速增长
change rapidly 迅速变化
eg:Technology is developing rapidly. 技术正在迅速发展。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2022·青海·中考真题)People in Qinghai are working hard. That’s why Qinghai is developing so ________.
A.regularly B.rapidly C.suddenly
【答案】B
【详解】句意:青海人民正在努力工作。这就是青海发展如此迅速的原因。
考查副词辨析。regularly有规律地;rapidly迅速地;suddenly突然。根据“People in Qinghai are working hard. That’s why Qinghai is developing so...”可知,人民努力工作,所以发展迅速,故选B。
考点十六 clearly的用法
clearly adv. 清晰地
相关词汇拓展:
clear adj. 清晰的
短语搭配:
speak clearly 清晰地说话
ee clearly 看得清楚
eg:He explained the problem clearly. 他清晰地解释了这个问题。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2022·江苏盐城·中考真题)— What should we take when going birdwatching
— You’d better take a pair of binoculars which will help you see more ________.
A.quietly B.clearly C.politely D.seriously
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们去观鸟时应该带什么?——你最好带一副双筒望远镜,这样可以看得更清楚。
考查副词辨析。quietly安静地,平静地;clearly清楚地,清晰地;politely礼貌地;seriously严肃地。根据“going birdwatching”和“take a pair of binoculars”可知,去观鸟时带双筒望远镜是为了看的更清楚,“清楚地”clearly。故选B。
2.(2023·安徽·中考真题)From my childhood, I ________ remember my parents working hard day and night.
A.clearly B.patiently C.suddenly D.politely
【答案】A
【详解】句意:从童年起,我就清楚地记得我的父母夜以继日地辛勤工作。
考查副词辨析。clearly清楚地;patiently耐心地;suddenly突然地;politely有礼貌地。空处副词修饰“remember”,结合“From my childhood”可知,表示清楚地记得父母辛苦工作的情景。故选A。
考点十七 unbelievable的用法
unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
相关词汇拓展:
believe v. 相信
believable adj. 可信的
eg:His success is unbelievable. 他的成功令人难以置信。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·四川广元·三模)—It’s ________ that the little boy can remember so many poems.
—Yes. What an excellent boy he is!
A.unhappy B.unbelievable C.uncomfortable D.unpleasant
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——难以置信的是,这个小男孩能记住这么多诗。——是的。他是一个多么优秀的男孩呀!
考查形容词辨析。unhappy不快乐的;unbelievable难以置信的;uncomfortable不舒服的;unpleasant不愉快的。根据语境可知,这个小男孩能记住很多诗,是难以置信的事情,unbelievable“难以置信的”符合语境。故选B。
考点十八 opposite的用法
opposite adj. 相反的;n. 相反的事物;adv. 在…的对面
相关词汇拓展:
oppositely adv.,相反地
opposition n.,反对,对立
短语搭配:
the opposite of... …的相反
stand opposite 站在…的对面
eg:His opinion is opposite to mine. 他的意见和我的相反。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·江苏扬州·三模)—Everything he does is ________ to what is considered normal.
—Although he looks a little different, he has achieved a lot in the math field.
A.opposite B.relative C.similar D.close
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——他所做的一切都与人们认为的正常情况背道而驰。——虽然他看起来有点不同,但他在数学领域取得了很大成就。
考查形容词辨析。opposite相反的;relative比较的;similar相似的;close亲密的。根据“Although he looks a little different”以及“Everything he does is…to what is considered normal.”可知是指他所做的一切都与人们认为的正常情况背道而驰。故选A。
语法点
一、谓语动词为be动词的现在完成时
1.辨析have been to , have gone to与have been in
have been to表示“(某人)曾经去过某地”,强调现在已经回了,不在那里了。
have been in表示“(某人)在某地待了一段时间”。
have gone to表示“(某人)到某地去了”,强调现在还没有回,可能在那里或在途中。
短语 含义及用法
have been to “曾经去过某地”。表示去过某地,现在已经离开,常与ever、never连用,后面可接表示次数的副词(短语)
have gone to “到某地去了”。表示去了某地,人现在不在说话地点。主语不用第一、二人称
have been in “在某地(待了多久)”。表示状态。若为小地点,in需用at代替
注意 当have been to、have gone to和have been in后跟地点副词(here、there、home等)时,介词to和in要省略。
e.g. How long have you been in China 你来中国多久了?
Where has he been 他刚才到哪儿去了 (他已回来)
Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了 (他现在不在这里)
They have been to Beijing.他们到过北京.(现在已不在北京了)
They have gone to Beijing.他们到北京去了.(他们可能在去北京的路上,或者已到北京)
We have been to Qingdao.我们去过青岛。(现在已回来)
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·福建三明·一模)—I haven’t seen Linda for days. Why
—She ________ Beijing. She will come back next month.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.will go to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我好几天没见到琳达了。为什么?——她去了北京。她下个月回来。
考查动词时态。has been to去过,表示说话人去过某地;has gone to去了,表示说话人现在去了某地没回来;will go to将要去。根据“She will come back next month.”可知,琳达去了北京,但是还没有回来。故选B。
2.(2024·西藏日喀则·一模)—How long ________ you ________ Chongqing
—Since 2001.
A.did, gone to B.have, go to C.have, been to D.have, been in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你来重庆多久了?——从2001年开始。
考查现在完成时。根据“Since 2001”和“How long”可知,本句是现在完成时,结构为have/has done,排除AB;have been to去过,have been in在某地待一段时间。根据答语可知,问的是在重庆待了多久,故选D。
3.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A.have gone to B.have been to C.have arrived in D.have been in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我来中国三个月了,这是我第一次穿汉服。
考查动词短语。have gone to去了(而且现在还在)某地;have been to去过了(而现在没在)某地; have arrived in已经到了,短暂性动词; have been in(现在)在某地。根据“for three months”可知,应是在中国三个月了,且应与延续性动词连用,故选D。
4.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Where is your father, Dandan
—Oh, he ________ Beijing on business and he’ll come back next week.
A.has returned from B.has been to C.has gone to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你爸爸在哪里,丹丹?——噢,他去北京出差了,下星期回来。
考查has gone to的用法。has returned from已经从……返回;has been to曾去过;has gone to已经去了。根据“he...Beijing on business and he’ll come back next week.”可知,丹丹的爸爸不在说话地,用has gone to表示去了未回。故选C。
二、含有副词ever和never的现在完成时
ever,never常与现在完成时连用,是现在完成时的标志词。
(1)ever意为“曾经”,表肯定,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
(2)never意为“从不”,表否定,常用来回答含有ever的一般疑问句。
e.g. —Have you ever been there 你曾去过那里吗
—No,I have never been there before.不,我以前从未去过那里。
Have you ever visited New York 你曾经去过纽约吗?
She has never tried sushi before. 她以前从来没有尝试过寿司
三、由for、since引导时间状语的现在完成时。
( 1 ) since conj. 意为“自从”,后面接一个时间点,不接时间段,表示“动作在过去某一时刻开始,持续到说话时”,可与现在完成时连用。
e.g. Where have you been since I last saw you 自从我上次见到你以来,你去了哪里?
They have seem each other often since they met.自从他们见面以来,他们经常见面。
I have not heard from him since last year.自去年以来,我就没有他的消息了。
He has been happy since then.从那以后,他一直很快乐。
( 2 ) for后面接一个时间段,不接时间点,表示动作持续一段时间,可用完成进行时态中。
e.g. We stayed there for three days.我们在那里呆了三天。
The Christmas holidays last for a month every year.圣诞节假期每年持续一个月。
We’ll be away for the net ten days.我们将外出十天。
I have been studying in this school for five years.我在这所学校学习了五年。
【拓展】非延续性动词
( 1 )所谓非延续性动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如:begin, end, die, buy, come, borrow, arrive, join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g. I have bought a boo.(buy为非延续性动词)
I’ve had this boo for three wees.(have为延续性动词)
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·上海嘉定·一模)Doris has been in the volleyball club since _____________.
A.two months B.next year C.five years ago D.she is in the middle school
【答案】C
【详解】句意:多丽丝五年前就加入了排球俱乐部。
考查时间状语。two months两个月;next year明年;five years ago五年前;she is in the middle school她在中学。根据题干可知,句子是现在完成时,since后跟时间点或过去时态的句子,结合选项,C选项符合,表示时间点,故选C。
2.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)—Hi , Tom! ________ you ever ________ the ChatGPT these days
—Yes. It’s an artificial intelligence software(人工智能软件)which can do many useful things for human.
A.Have; heard B.Did; hear C.Do; hear
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——嗨,Tom!这些天你曾经听说过ChatGPT吗?——是的,它是一款人工智能软件,可以为人类做很多有用的事情。
考查现在完成时。ever“曾经”,常用于完成时态,又因therse days“这些天”,所以本句时态为现在完成时have done。主语是you,助动词用have,hear的过去分词为herad,疑问句助动词提前首字母大写。故选A。
3.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)— How well you play the piano!
— Glad you like it. Thanks to my mom, I ________ the hobby since I was young.
A.develop B.developed C.will develop D.have developed
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你钢琴弹得真好!——很高兴你喜欢。多亏了我妈妈,我从小就培养了这个爱好。
考查动词时态。根据“since I was young.”可知,主句应用现在完成时,故选D。
4.(2024·山西临汾·二模)Miss Lin ______ a lot of work for the poor area since 2015.
A.does B.did C.has done D.will do
【答案】C
【详解】句意:自2015年以来,林小姐为贫困地区做了大量工作。
考查现在完成时。根据“since 2015”可知,句中时态为现在完成时(have/has done),主语是第三人称单数,助动词使用has。故选C。
5.(2024·云南德宏·一模)The strong boy has learned to play Chinese Kungfu ________ he was very young.
A.as B.since C.while D.before
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个强壮的男孩从很小的时候就开始学习中国功夫。
考查连词。as因为;since自从;while当……时;before在……之前。根据“The strong boy has learned to play Chinese Kungfu”可知,本句使用了现在完成时;“since+含有一般过去时的句子”标志要用现在完成时。故选B。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第15讲 八年级下 Units9--10
重 点 单 词 _____________ n.照相机;摄影机;摄像机 _____________ v.鼓励 _____________ adj.社会的 _____________ adj.难以置信的;不真实的 _____________ v.& n.进步;进展 _____________ v.收集;采集 _____________ adj.德国的;德语的;德国人的 n.;德语;德国人 _____________ n.坐便器;厕所 _____________ adj.和平的;安宁的 _____________ adj.完美的;完全的 _____________ n.供乘骑的游乐设施;短途旅程 _____________ n.省份 _____________ num.一千 _____________ adj.迅速的;快速的 _____________ adj.特别的;不寻常的 _____________ adj.n.日本的;日本人的;日语的 n.日本人;日语 _____________ conj.在任何……的时候;无论何时 _____________ n.春天 _____________ conj.不管…… 还是;或者…… 或者;是否 _____________ adj.印度的 n.;印度人 _____________ adj.甜蜜的;甜的;含糖的 _____________ n.记忆;回忆 _____________ n.玩具 _____________ n.熊 _____________ adv.主要地;通常 _____________ adj.安全的;无危险的 _____________ adv.仅仅;只;不过 _____________ v.& n.害怕;惧怕 _____________ n.板;木板 _____________ adj.地位 或职位、级别低下的 _____________ v.清理;清除 _____________ n.卧室 _____________ n.生产者;制订者 _____________ n.围巾;披巾;头巾 _____________ v.离开;分开 _____________ adj.某种;某事;某人 _____________ adj.诚实的;老实的 _____________ n.一段时间;一会儿 _____________ adj.诚实的;真实的 _____________ v.& n.搜索;搜查 _____________ prep.在 其中;……之一 _____________ n.百年;世纪 _____________ prep.与……相对;在……对面 adj.对面的;另一边的 _____________ adv.尤其;特别;格外 _____________ adj.软的;柔软的 _____________ v.& n.检查;审查 _____________ v.拥有;有 _____________ n.铁路;铁道 _____________ n.家乡;故乡 _____________ n.彩色铅笔 或粉笔、蜡笔 _____________ n.羞耻;羞愧;惭愧 _____________ v.将……认为;把……视为;看待 _____________ v.数数 _____________ adv.现今;现在;目前 _____________ n童年;幼年 _____________ v.注视;仔细考虑 _____________ v.拥有;抓住
词 汇 拓 展 social adj.社会的→___________ (n.)社会 it pron.它→___________ (反身代词) invent v.发明→___________ (n.)发明 usual adj.通常的;寻常的→___________ (反义词)不同寻常的 German adj.& n.德国的;德语的;德语;德国人→___________ (n.)德国 believe v.相信→___________ (adj.)难以置信的 rapid adj.迅速的;快速的→___________ (adv.)快速地 fox n.狐狸→___________ (复数) memory n.记忆;回忆→___________ (v.)记忆 scarf n.围巾;披巾;头巾→___________ (复数) safe adj.安全的→___________ (n.)安全→___________ (adv.)安全地→___________ (反义词)(adj.)危险的 Indian adj.印度的;印度人的→___________ (n.)印度 Japanese adj.& n.日本的;日本人的;日本人;日语→___________ (n.)日本 soft adj.软的→___________ (反义词)(adj.)硬的 century n.世纪→___________ (复数)世纪 hold v.拥有;抓住→___________ (过去式/过去分词) honest adj.诚实的→___________ (n.)诚实→___________ (反义词)(n.)不诚实的 shame n.羞耻;羞愧→___________ (adj.)羞愧的
重 点 短 语 了解;获知;得知 ____________ 导致;通向 ____________ 张贴;搭建;举起 ____________ 取得进步 ____________ 以如此快速的方式 ____________ 鼓励某人(不)做某事 ____________ 两个;一对,几个 ____________ 听说 ____________ 数以千计的;许许多多的 ____________ 一方面……另一方面…… ____________ 在白天 ____________ 全年 ____________ 几乎接近 ____________ 带回甜蜜的回忆 ____________ 察看;观察 ____________ 清理;丢掉 ____________ 不再 ____________ 至于;关于 ____________ 说实在的 ____________ 一会儿 ____________ 依据;按照 ____________ 考虑做某事 ____________
重 点 句 型 —__________ a water park.我从未去过水上公园。 —______我也没去过。 —____ you ever ______ a science museum?你曾经去过科学博物馆吗? —____,I ____.是的,我去过。 —________ the art museum many times.我去过艺术博物馆很多次了。 —____.And ________ the nature museum.我也是。而且我还参观过自然博物馆。 —______ have you ____ that bike over there 你买那边的那辆自行车多久了? —I've had it ________.我已经买了三年了。 —______ has his son ____ the train and railway set 他儿子拥有火车和铁轨套装多久了? —He's owned it __________.自从他的4岁生日时就已经拥有了。 We ______ a tent and cooked outside.我们搭起帐篷并且在外面做饭。 ________ technology ______ in such a rapid way!科学技术进步得如此之快,真是难以置信。 I ____ how much more computers __________ do in the future.我想知道将来电脑还能够做些什么事情。 You won't __________ rice,noodles or dumplings.你将不会在获得米饭、面条或是饺子上有任何困难。 So you can choose to go ____ you like—spring,summer,autumn or winter.因此你可以选择你喜欢的任何时候去,春天、夏天、秋天或者冬天。 ____ never ______.我从未野营过。 The tea art performances show ________ a perfect cup of tea ____ beautiful tea sets.茶艺表演展示怎样用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶。 ____ the tea preparation ____ just ________ drinking the tea itself.观看茶的准备过程就像喝茶本身一样令人愉快。 As they ______,our house seems to ______.随着他们长大,我们的房子似乎变小了。 I ______ return home at least once a year,but I __________________.我过去至少一年回家一次,但是我现在几乎快三年没回去了。 Our hometown has ____________________.家乡在我们的心中留下了许多温柔甜美回忆。 We have decided to each sell five things that we ______ use.我们已经决定每个人卖掉我们不再用的5样东西。
知识点
考点一 regard的用法
【教材原句】 Zhong Wei regards such developments as important steps for his hometown. 钟伟认为这样的发展对他的家乡来说是重要的进步。
regard v. 将……认为;看待;注视;凝视
短语搭配:
regard...as... 把看作……
regard sth./sb.(+adv./prep.) (尤指以某种方式)注视某物/某人
eg:I regard him as my best friend. 我把他看作我最好的朋友。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·青岛黄岛区·一模)—Do you think it necessary for teenagers to learn cooking at home
—Sure. Cooking is ______ an important part of education in China.
A.depended on B.regarded as
C.compared with D.pulled down
考点二 encourage的用法
【教材原句】 It also encourages governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. 它还鼓励政府和社会团体考虑如何在未来改善厕所。
encourage v. 鼓励
相关词汇拓展:
encouragement n. 鼓励
encouraging adj. 鼓励的
短语搭配:
encourage sb. in sth. 在某方面鼓励某人
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
be encouraged to do sth. 被鼓励做某事
eg:My teacher encourages me to study hard. 我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023四川广安)My parents always ____________(鼓励) me to be myself.
2.(2023·江西吉安·一模)April 24th is made Space Day of China to _______ more young people to believe in science and to explore the unknown.
A.cause B.allow C.warn D.encourage
3.(2023·福建宁德·二模)— Dad, grandma can’t book a taxi online.
— You should help her and ________ her to try new things.
A.allow B.warn C.encourage
考点三 among用法
【教材原句】Among these people is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. 46岁的丈夫兼父亲钟伟就是这些人中的一个。
among prep. 在(其)中;······之一
辨析among与between
among 强调三者或三者以上之间,宾语常是表示笼统数量或有复数意义的名词或代词
between 强调两者之间或多个对象的两两之间,可以与and搭配
e.g. She is among the most talented musicians in the world. 她是世界上最有才华的音乐家之一。
Peter sat between Mary and Jane.彼得坐在玛丽和简之间。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2022·江苏泰州) 200 families won 2021 Jiangsu Most Beautiful Families Award this year, and 15 families from Taizhou were______ them.
A.among B. between C.over D.on
考点四 social用法
social adj. 社会的
相关词汇拓展:
socially adv. 在社会上
socialize v.交际,社交
短语搭配:
social media 社交媒体
social skills社交技能
eg:Social media has become an important part of our lives. 社交媒体已成为我们生活的重要组成部分。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·湖北黄石·中考真题)In Switzerland, keeping only one goldfish isn’t allowed, because it is very bad to make such ________ animals live alone.
A.lucky B.social C.patient D.dangerous
考点五 bring短语用法
bring v. 带来
相关词汇拓展:
brought(过去式),bringing(现在分词)
短语搭配:
bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
bring up 提出,抚养
bring back 使回忆起;使想起;归还
bring down 使降低,击落
bring out 显示出来,出版,生产
bring in/into 引进,提出
eg:Please bring your homework to school tomorrow. 请明天把你的作业带到学校来。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023·四川达州中考) —Who is your best friend, Linda
—Mary. She always helps me ______ the best in me. The longer I stay with her, _______I will be.
A. look out, the more confident
B. bring out, the more confident
C. bring out, the less confident
考点六 whether...or...短语用法
【教材原句】Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you'll find it all in Singapore!无论你喜欢印度菜、西餐还是日本菜,你都可以在新加坡找到!
whether...or... 不管......还是......
用来连接并列选择部分
e.g. Whether sick or well, she is always cheerful. 无论生病还是健康,她总是很快乐。
【拓展】
whether还可以引导宾语从句,此时whether意为“是否”,同if。如果在从句中和or not直接连用,则只能用whether。
eg:Whether you go or stay, I'll support your decision. 无论你去还是留,我都会支持你的决定。
◆ 精题巧练
1. (2023黑龙江牡丹江) —Alice, I wonder _______ you won the tug-of-war (拔河比赛) yesterday.
—Yeah! We pulled together and made it in the end.
A.what B. where C.whether
考点七 invent的用法
invent v. 发明
相关词汇拓展:
invention n. 发明
inventor n. 发明家
eg:Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb. 托马斯·爱迪生发明了电灯泡。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great ________ of China.
A.Inventions B.Advantages C.Environments D.Technologies
2.(2023·辽宁营口·中考真题)Scientists who are full of ________ always come up with new ideas and bring great changes to our life.
A.instruction B.instrument C.invention D.introduction
考点八 progress的用法
progress n. 进步,进展 ;v. 进步,发展
相关词汇拓展:
progressive adj. 进步的
短语搭配:
make progress 取得进步
eg:He has made great progress in his studies. 他在学习上取得了很大的进步。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·河北石家庄·三模)Li Ming looks very happy. He has made great ________ in his English study.
A.progress B.knowledge C.courage D.decision
2.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)Chinese scientists have made great ________ in space technology recently.
A.information B.progress C.knowledge
考点九 safe的用法
safe adj. 安全的
相关词汇拓展:
safety n. 安全
safely adv. 安全地
短语搭配:
a safe place 一个安全的地方
feel safe 感到安全
eg:It's safe to cross the street now. 现在过马路是安全的。
We must follow the safety rules when we are in the laboratory. 我们在实验室时必须遵守安全规则。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·安徽合肥·二模)—Remember: stop at the red light and walk when it turns green.
—In this way, we can keep ourselves ________.
A.warm B.safe C.silent D.active
2.(2023·新疆·二模)Chinese government always puts the life ________ of people first when accidents happen.
A.safety B.wealth C.success D.fame
考点十 simply的用法
simply adv. 简单地,仅仅
eg:Simply put, I don't like this movie. 简单地说,我不喜欢这部电影。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·安徽合肥·二模)—Can you imagine moving to Mars for living
—Of course. It is ________ a matter of time.
A.properly B.lately C.simply D.fairly
2.(2023·安徽·三模)— How do you say the Chinese food roujiamo in English
— Well, it looks like the hamburger so we can _________ call it “Chinese hamburger”.
A.hardly B.luckily C.simply D.widely
考点十一 collect的用法
collect v. 收集
相关词汇拓展:
collection n. 收集,收藏品
collector n. 收藏家
短语搭配:
collect stamps 收集邮票
collect money 筹款
eg:He likes to collect old coins. 他喜欢收集古币。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题)Linda likes to ________ pens and she has had all kinds of pens so far.
A.collect B.throw C.lose D.give
考点十二 especially的用法
especially adv. 特别地,尤其
短语搭配:
especially for 特别为…
eg:I love all fruits, especially apples. 我喜欢所有的水果,尤其是苹果。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·福建福州·三模)—Be careful when you are walking on the street, _________ on such a foggy day.
—Thanks, I will.
A.exactly B.probably C.especially
2.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江·二模)This year 2023 is full of hopes and challenges, ________ for all of you, the Grade 9 students. Value every minute and work hard for your dreams.
A.completely B.especially C.exactly
3.(2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模)I have many great memories of that year, ________ playing in the snow in winter.
A.gradually B.generally C.especially
考点十三 honest的用法
honest adj. 诚实的
相关词汇拓展:
honesty n. 诚实
honestly adv. 诚实地
短语搭配:
be honest with sb. 对某人诚实
eg:He is an honest boy. 他是一个诚实的男孩。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·福建泉州·二模)—Do you enjoy the documentary Aerial China(《航拍中国》) It’s so amazing!
—Yes, of course. To be _______, I’m crazy about it.
A.silent B.honest C.brave
考点十四 certainly的用法
certainly adv. 当然地
短语搭配:
certainly not 当然不是
of course certainly 当然可以
eg:Certainly, I can help you with your homework. 当然,我可以帮你做作业。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2023·山东滨州·中考真题)—Father’s Day is around the corner, but I don’t have money to buy a gift for my dad.
—Why not make a card by yourself He will ________ love it.
A.widely B.smoothly C.hardly D.certainly
考点十五 rapidly的用法
rapidly adv. 迅速地
相关词汇拓展:
rapid adj. 迅速的
短语搭配:
rapidly growing 迅速增长
change rapidly 迅速变化
eg:Technology is developing rapidly. 技术正在迅速发展。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2022·青海·中考真题)People in Qinghai are working hard. That’s why Qinghai is developing so ________.
A.regularly B.rapidly C.suddenly
考点十六 clearly的用法
clearly adv. 清晰地
相关词汇拓展:
clear adj. 清晰的
短语搭配:
speak clearly 清晰地说话
ee clearly 看得清楚
eg:He explained the problem clearly. 他清晰地解释了这个问题。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2022·江苏盐城·中考真题)— What should we take when going birdwatching
— You’d better take a pair of binoculars which will help you see more ________.
A.quietly B.clearly C.politely D.seriously
2.(2023·安徽·中考真题)From my childhood, I ________ remember my parents working hard day and night.
A.clearly B.patiently C.suddenly D.politely
考点十七 unbelievable的用法
unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
相关词汇拓展:
believe v. 相信
believable adj. 可信的
eg:His success is unbelievable. 他的成功令人难以置信。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·四川广元·三模)—It’s ________ that the little boy can remember so many poems.
—Yes. What an excellent boy he is!
A.unhappy B.unbelievable C.uncomfortable D.unpleasant
考点十八 opposite的用法
opposite adj. 相反的;n. 相反的事物;adv. 在…的对面
相关词汇拓展:
oppositely adv.,相反地
opposition n.,反对,对立
短语搭配:
the opposite of... …的相反
stand opposite 站在…的对面
eg:His opinion is opposite to mine. 他的意见和我的相反。
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·江苏扬州·三模)—Everything he does is ________ to what is considered normal.
—Although he looks a little different, he has achieved a lot in the math field.
A.opposite B.relative C.similar D.close
语法点
一、谓语动词为be动词的现在完成时
1.辨析have been to , have gone to与have been in
have been to表示“(某人)曾经去过某地”,强调现在已经回了,不在那里了。
have been in表示“(某人)在某地待了一段时间”。
have gone to表示“(某人)到某地去了”,强调现在还没有回,可能在那里或在途中。
短语 含义及用法
have been to “曾经去过某地”。表示去过某地,现在已经离开,常与ever、never连用,后面可接表示次数的副词(短语)
have gone to “到某地去了”。表示去了某地,人现在不在说话地点。主语不用第一、二人称
have been in “在某地(待了多久)”。表示状态。若为小地点,in需用at代替
注意 当have been to、have gone to和have been in后跟地点副词(here、there、home等)时,介词to和in要省略。
e.g. How long have you been in China 你来中国多久了?
Where has he been 他刚才到哪儿去了 (他已回来)
Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了 (他现在不在这里)
They have been to Beijing.他们到过北京.(现在已不在北京了)
They have gone to Beijing.他们到北京去了.(他们可能在去北京的路上,或者已到北京)
We have been to Qingdao.我们去过青岛。(现在已回来)
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·福建三明·一模)—I haven’t seen Linda for days. Why
—She ________ Beijing. She will come back next month.
A.has been to B.has gone to C.will go to
2.(2024·西藏日喀则·一模)—How long ________ you ________ Chongqing
—Since 2001.
A.did, gone to B.have, go to C.have, been to D.have, been in
3.(2023·江苏扬州·中考真题)I ________ China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A.have gone to B.have been to C.have arrived in D.have been in
4.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Where is your father, Dandan
—Oh, he ________ Beijing on business and he’ll come back next week.
A.has returned from B.has been to C.has gone to
二、含有副词ever和never的现在完成时
ever,never常与现在完成时连用,是现在完成时的标志词。
(1)ever意为“曾经”,表肯定,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
(2)never意为“从不”,表否定,常用来回答含有ever的一般疑问句。
e.g. —Have you ever been there 你曾去过那里吗
—No,I have never been there before.不,我以前从未去过那里。
Have you ever visited New York 你曾经去过纽约吗?
She has never tried sushi before. 她以前从来没有尝试过寿司
三、由for、since引导时间状语的现在完成时。
( 1 ) since conj. 意为“自从”,后面接一个时间点,不接时间段,表示“动作在过去某一时刻开始,持续到说话时”,可与现在完成时连用。
e.g. Where have you been since I last saw you 自从我上次见到你以来,你去了哪里?
They have seem each other often since they met.自从他们见面以来,他们经常见面。
I have not heard from him since last year.自去年以来,我就没有他的消息了。
He has been happy since then.从那以后,他一直很快乐。
( 2 ) for后面接一个时间段,不接时间点,表示动作持续一段时间,可用完成进行时态中。
e.g. We stayed there for three days.我们在那里呆了三天。
The Christmas holidays last for a month every year.圣诞节假期每年持续一个月。
We’ll be away for the net ten days.我们将外出十天。
I have been studying in this school for five years.我在这所学校学习了五年。
【拓展】非延续性动词
( 1 )所谓非延续性动词是指含有终止或短暂意义的动词。如:begin, end, die, buy, come, borrow, arrive, join, marry等动词。它们通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。
e.g. I have bought a boo.(buy为非延续性动词)
I’ve had this boo for three wees.(have为延续性动词)
◆ 精题巧练
1.(2024·上海嘉定·一模)Doris has been in the volleyball club since _____________.
A.two months B.next year C.five years ago D.she is in the middle school
2.(2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·三模)—Hi , Tom! ________ you ever ________ the ChatGPT these days
—Yes. It’s an artificial intelligence software(人工智能软件)which can do many useful things for human.
A.Have; heard B.Did; hear C.Do; hear
3.(2024·安徽合肥·三模)— How well you play the piano!
— Glad you like it. Thanks to my mom, I ________ the hobby since I was young.
A.develop B.developed C.will develop D.have developed
4.(2024·山西临汾·二模)Miss Lin ______ a lot of work for the poor area since 2015.
A.does B.did C.has done D.will do
5.(2024·云南德宏·一模)The strong boy has learned to play Chinese Kungfu ________ he was very young.
A.as B.since C.while D.before