Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
adversity n. ___________________
wage n.工资
bitter adj. ___________________
expedition n.探险;远征;探险队
endurance n. ___________________
vigour n. ___________________
qualified adj.符合资格;具备······的知识( 或技能、学历等 )
enthusiastic adj. ___________________
aboard adv.& prep. ___________________
cupboard n.橱柜;壁橱;衣柜
assign v. ___________________
steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员;服务员
envy n.& v. ___________________
crush v. ___________________ n.拥挤的人群
sink v. ___________________
abandon v. ___________________
stove n.炉具; 厨房灶具
blanket n.毯子
2. 重点短语
turn sb down ___________________
of one's day 在某人那个年代
diary entry 日记
full of vigour ___________________
apply to do sth. ___________________
turn sb. down ___________________
be qualified to 能胜任
be enthusiastic about 热衷于
go along with ___________________
assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事
well and truly ___________________
abandon doing sth. ___________________
go from bad to worse 每况愈下；越来越糟
3. 重点句型
1.How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to! (how引导的感叹句)
2.The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. (as引导的时间状语从句)
二、易错点讲解
1. 隐含条件的虚拟语气
在虚拟语气中，隐含条件是指该句不直接使用 if, as if或if only等表示条件的连词,而是用单词、短语、分词、从句或上下文关系等来间接地表示。隐含条件有多种形式:
(1)介词短语暗示
But for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all on board
要不是船长,船连同船上的人都会沉没的。
With more money and time, we could have done it better
如果有更多的金钱和时间,我们可以做得更好。
(2)分词短语暗示
Given more time and money, he could have done better than what it is now.
如果有更多的时间和金钱,他本可以做得比现在更好。
(3)连词暗示
I'm lucky that I've worked out the question, otherwise I'd go mad.
我很庆幸自己解出了这道题,不然我会疯掉的。
三、基础练习
1.Although Kate lost all her _________(belong) in the fire, she still showed a very positive attitude towards life.
2. _________ (abandon) by the host, especially when it is disabled or has developed some diseases, is a tragedy to a pet.
3.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was qualified _________ (apply) for it.
4.I'm sorry to tum you _________this time, but I promise I will make it up to you next time.
5. _________happened that they were out when we called on them that evening.
6.He accepted the challenging task_________ (assign) to him without hesitation and promised to complete it on time.
7.So tired was the student with heavy loads of schoolwork _________he became an easy target of the flu.
8.Young people should be led to believe anything is possible and that nothing can stand in their way with determination and _________ (persevere).
9.Since they are going to move to another city, they have to abandon the furniture _________their neighbours.
10.By 12 April, 2022, more than one hundred people had been assigned _________(support) that mountainous area.
四、思维拓展
1.阅读理解
Rehan Staton recently found out he was accepted to Harvard Law School. For him, the sky's the limit, but it wasn't always that way.
The 24-year-old college student was raised by a single father who worked three different jobs, breaking his back. But, despite his father's best efforts, financial burdens steadily mounted. Staton's study in middle school had suffered but he kept pushing himself forward. He said growing up was tough and he used to struggle in school. One teacher even suggested he switch to a special education class.
But with help from a free tutor, Staton's grades improved. He continued to improve academically while training to be a professional boxer in high school. However, his choices for college dwindled after suffering an injury, which ruined the chances of him turning professional in sports. He was rejected by every school he applied to.
So to help support his family, Staton took a job of collecting trash at a local sanitation company, which he said changed his life in ways he never imagined. "Most of my co-workers were formerly imprisoned. So, it caught me by surprise how much the people at the bottom of the society uplifted me and really wanted me to make something of myself," he told the reporter. "They encouraged me to reapply to different colleges. They had nothing but uplifting words for me and my future."
Through persistence, he took the Law School Admission Test and applied to nine schools—getting accepted to five. Ultimately, he decided to commit to Harvard Law School—and he'll never forget all the people who helped him get there. "Throughout this time, people ask me, 'How did you do it ' It's more so how could I not do it when everyone is breaking their backs for me, and pushing me to win," Staton said. "When you have a support system, you want to give them your best shot. Because as much as you're investing into yourself, you have others investing into you too."
11.What can we know about Staton from Paragraph 2
A. He received special care from his teacher.
B. He used to have poor academic performance.
C. He worked three jobs to help support his family.
D. He lost sight of his goal due to family difficulties.
12.What does the underlined word “dwindled” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Decreased. B. Changed. C. Appeared. D. Continued.
13.What made Staton surprised while working as a trash collector
A. The mixed backgrounds of his co-workers.
B. The misunderstanding about garbage men.
C. The strong encouragement from his co-workers.
D. The misfortune of people at the bottom of society.
14.What can we infer from the text
A. Courage is resistance to fear and pain.
B. Success comes from sweat and support.
C. Achievements are going from failure to failure.
D. Progress takes place outside the comfort zone.
2. 七选五
How to choose a college major and develop a career plan
Going to college can seem daunting(使人畏惧的), and no small part of that is the prospect of having to choose a major, which will set the course for the rest of your career life. Here are some steps that might help make your decision easier:
Step 1: Consider your interests and passions.
Do you want a career where you’ll be able to express yourself, or work with numbers ①_______ The average person will spend nearly 100, 000 hours working in their profession before retirement. Make sure that time will be spent doing something you enjoy!
Step 2: Consider how long you want to be in school.
If you’re pursuing a career in professional fields like medicine or law, you may require more than a four- year degree to get the job that you want. ②_______ Will you want to jump right into a job after you graduate, or do you really want to dive into higher education These are important when deciding what major is the best fit for you.
Step 3: Research prospective careers.
If you think you have a career in mind，do some investigating in person or online. Try connecting with people in the field and ask them what challenges they faced in getting their degrees and finding jobs afterwards. ③_______ Their journeys to success might surprise you!
Step 4: ④_______
Remember, you don't have to make this decision right away. Taking basic-level courses when you first get to college helps decide your level of interest in pursuing a degree program. Plus, you could always decide to be an Interdisciplinary(跨学科的) studies major! ⑤_______ Thus, you can discover where your interests lie, and have classes related to the career that you want.
A. Give yourself enough time to decide.
B. Think about what you like to do in high school.
C. What if your major conflicts with your parents’ expectations
D. Are you passionate about justice, or do you want to have a career focused on helping people
E. If you can’t connect in person, try to find role models online and read about their histories.
F. This degree program gives you the freedom and flexibility to take a wide variety of classes.
G. On the other hand，there are some careers where a master’s degree won’t necessarily be helpful.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案： belongings
解析：句意为:虽然凯特在火灾中失去了她所有的财产,但她仍然表现出非常积极的生活态度。设空处在句中作lost的宾语,且被all和形容词性物主代词her修饰,应用名词。belongings表示“财产”。故填belongings。
2.答案： Being abandoned
解析：句意为:被主人抛弃,尤其是当它残疾或患有某些疾病时,对宠物来说是一种不幸。分析句子结构可知, especially when it is disabled or has developed some diseases是插入成分,主句为主系表结构,设空处作主语,此处表示一般行为,时间概念不强,应用动名词形式。abandon与其逻辑主语a pet之间为被动关系,应用动名词的被动式。故填Being abandoned。
3.答案： to apply
解析：句意为:看了招聘广告,他想知道自己是否有资格申请这份工作。be qualified to do sth意为“有资格做某事”。故填to apply。
4.答案： down
解析：句意为:我很抱歉这次拒绝了你,但我保证下次会补偿你。turn sb down为固定搭配,意为“拒绝某人”。
5.答案： It
解析：句意为:那天晚上我们去拜访他们时,他们碰巧不在家。it happened that...意为“碰巧……”。
6.答案：assigned
解析：句意为:他毫不犹豫地接受了分配给他的具有挑战性的任务,并承诺按时完成任务。分析句子可知,and连接两个并列分句,前面分句中已有谓语accepted,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰the challenging task, task与动词assign之间为逻辑上的被动关系。故填assigned。
7.答案： that
解析：句意为:这个课业繁重的学生是如此之疲倦,以至于他很容易成为流感的目标。so... that...意为“如此……以至于……”。此处“so+形容词”置于句首,句子应用倒装结构。
8.答案：perseverance
解析：考查名词。句意:应该引导年轻人去相信任何事情都是有可能的,有了决心和毅力,任何事情都不能阻挡他们。设空处前的and连接两个并列的成分,故用名词perseverance。
9.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:因为他们要搬到另外一个城市,所以他们不得不把家具丢给他们的邻居。abandon...to...表示“丢弃/舍弃……给……”。故填to。
10.答案：to support
解析：考查不定式。句意:截至2022年4月12日,一百多个人已经被派去支援那个山区。assign sb. to do sth.意为“指派某人做某事”。此处为被动语态be assigned to do sth.,故用不定式to support。
思维拓展
1.阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后三句可知,斯塔顿过去学习成绩很差。故选B项。
12.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后文after suffering an injury, which ruined the chances of him turning professional in sports可以推知,在一次受伤后,斯塔顿的大学选择减少了,这毁了他成为职业运动员的机会。故画线词意思是“减少”。故选A项。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的So, it caught me by surprise... uplifted me and really wanted me to make something of myself可知,做垃圾清理工时,来自同事的强烈鼓励让斯塔顿感到惊讶。故选C项。
14.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,通过坚持,斯塔顿参加了法学院入学考试,申请了九所学校一被五所学校录取。谈及自己的成功,斯塔顿说:“重要的是,当每个人都在竭尽全力地支持我、敦促我赢的时候,我怎么能不这么做呢 当你有一个支持系统时,你会想尽力而为。因为在你为自己投资的同时,别人也在为你投资。”故可推知,成功来自汗水和支持。故选B项。
2. 七选五
答案：DGEAF
解析：①推理判断题。根据本段小标题Consider your interests and passions.（考虑你的兴趣和热情。）可知提出选专业要考虑兴趣和热情。上文Do you want a career where you'll be able to express yourself, or work with numbers （你想从事一份能够表达自己还是与数字打交道的职业？）问interests，D选项"你是对正义充满热情，还是想从事帮助他人的职业？"问passions，照应主题句。故选D。
②细节理解题。上文If you're pursuing a career in professional fields like medicine or law, you may require more than a four-year degree to get the job that you want. (如果你想从事医学或法律等专业领域的工作，你可能需要四年以上的学位才能得到你想要的工作。)提出一些工作需要更长的学习时间，G选项"另一方面，在有些职业中，硕士学位不一定有用。"提出另一些工作不需要那么长的学习时间，与上文构成对比关系。上下文分析了两种情况，为下文的思考Will you want to jump right into a job after you graduate, or do you really want to dive into higher education （毕业后你是想马上找工作，还是真的想接受高等教育？）提供参考，上下文语意连贯。故选G。
③联系上文题。上文If you think you have a career in mind, do some investigating in person or online. Try connecting with people in the field and ask them what challenges they faced in getting their degrees and finding jobs afterwards.（如果你认为自己有心仪的职业，可以亲自或在网上做一些调查。试着与该领域的人联系，问问他们在获得学位和之后找工作时遇到了什么挑战。）和E选项"如果你们不能亲自交流，试着在网上找到榜样，阅读他们的经历。"相呼应，并且E选项中的"role models"和下文的"Their journeys"衔接紧密，符合题意。故选E。
④标题归纳题。设空处为本段主旨。根据下文Remember, you don't have to make this decision right away. Taking basic-level courses when you first get to college helps decide your level of interest in pursuing a degree program. Plus, you could always decide to be an Interdisciplinary(跨学科的) studies major! (记住，你不必马上做出这个决定。当你刚进入大学时，学习基础课程有助于决定你对攻读学位课程的兴趣程度。另外，你也可以选择跨学科研究专业！)可知本段和做决定有关，A选项"给自己足够的时间做决定。"能够概括本段主旨。故选A。
⑤细节理解题。上文Plus, you could always decide to be an Interdisciplinary(跨学科的) studies major!（另外，你也可以选择跨学科研究专业!）提出选择跨学科研究专业，F选项"这个学位课程为你提供了自由和灵活性，可以选择各种各样的课程。"承接上文，说明跨学科研究专业特点，同时句中"the freedom and flexibility to take a wide variety of classes."与下文"you can discover where your interests lie"相照应。故选F。Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Learning About Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
genuine adj.________________
___________ n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神
persevere v. ________________
___________ v.决定;决心; 解决(问题或困难)n.决心;坚定的信念
___________ n.决议;解决: 坚定
crew n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员:专业团队;一群人
cruel adj. ________________
___________ adj.深入的; 彻底的; 细致的
furniture n.家具
unfortunately adv. ________________
fortunately adv.幸运地
bark v.& n. ________________
rugby n.橄榄球运动
bat n.球拍;蝙蝠 v. ________________
___________ adj.潮湿的; 湿气重的
recreation n. ________________
___________ n.指导;引导;导航
2. 重点短语
a decent meal/food/job 相当不错的饭菜/食物/工作
a cozy room 舒适的房间
be interrupted by ________________
a rush of... ________________
___________ 坚持
turn into ________________
thorough understanding 透彻的了解
___________ 因做某事感到幸运
It's fortunate that... 幸运的是……
3. 重点句型
1.Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. (it 作形式主语,to be part of his expeditions 是不定式短语作真正的主语。)
二、易错点讲解
1. 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在，这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束。现在完成进行时由“have/has +been + 现在分词”构成。
肯定句:主语+have/has + been+现在分词...
否定句:主语+ have/has + not + been +现在分词...
疑问句:Have/Has+主语+ been+现在分词...
疑问代词/疑问副词+ have/has+(主语+) been +现在分词...
(1)表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作
She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for CRE recently.
她最近在熬夜准备研究生入学资格考试。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间内重复进行的活动
I have been telling you not to make trouble.
我一直劝你不要我麻烦。
(3)表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论
Her eyes are red. She has been working too hard recently.
她的眼睛红了，准是最近工作太辛苦了。
(4)表达某种感彩
现在完成进行时有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感彩。
We've been looking forward to our summer vacation.
我们一直盼望着暑假。
三、基础练习
1.Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, _________(desire) to have a 20-year gathering during this summer.
2.Mr Wang's _________(commit) leaves him held in deep affection by his students and also wins their respect.
3.The number of China's AI companies continues to expand and now _________(rank) second in the global market.
4.As is known to us all, China is a developing country_________(belong) to the third world.
5.The mild temperature and fresh air are _________(thorough) stress-relieving, making spring outings another leisure choice for those who lead busy modern lives.
6.This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally _________(have) no recognisable smell.
7.Hannah Fraser appeared in The Cove, a documentary aimed at highlighting the _________(cruel) of dolphin hunting.
8.This was the second time that we _________ (observe) this festival together.
9.Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly threw his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
10.Several companies _________(approach) Anderson these few days; he's had job offers of all sorts.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and for him. His team was facing adversity on the court and he was playing in a hostile environment—it was the opponent's home gym filled with their supporters, and Nathan's team was trailing(落后) for three quarters of the game. As for me, I had been dismissed from my job earlier in the day.
During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability. This was the same belief that I tried to instill into my son.
The basketball game entered the fourth quarter with Nathan's team still trailing. I saw the resolve on his as well as his teammates' faces as they fought back to not only tie (打成平局), but then go ahead by three points. Then, a player from the other team made an unbelievable shot to tie again. With a tie game and seconds on the clock, Nathan found himself with the ball and with skill and confidence, and he proceeded to make a basket with a defender hanging all over him. The other player was called for a foul(犯规).
As Nathan stood at the foul line preparing for a shot that would put his team up by three points, I saw the focus and determination on his face-there was no room for self-doubt. Nathan was able to tune out all the distractions and nail the free throw (罚球) with such skill. It was as if he had done it a thousand times.
As I sat there, my heart bursting with pride, it dawned on me that I had taught him perseverance in the face of adversity, and he had just taught me the same lesson. That brief moment of self-doubt and feeling sorry for myself was blown away by the actions of my son on the basketball court. He will play in the finals, but it doesn't matter if he wins or loses. At this moment, we both won.
11.What did the author estimate his son's team would be like at first
A.The team would lose the home match.
B.The team would finally win.
C.The team would win the championship.
D.The team would lose the away match.
12.What can we know about the author according to Paragraph 2
A.He is self-doubting and pessimistic. B.He is self-confident and optimistic.
C.He is hardworking and intelligent. D.He is easy-going and warm-hearted.
13.What does the underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Avoid. B.Focus. C.Create. D.Receive.
14.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Life Goes Just like Playing Basketball B.It Matters whether to Win or Lose
C.A Lesson in Life and Basketball D.Father and Son in Life
2.七选五
Sometimes painful experiences are just painful. And that's OK, too.
A large body of research shows that ideas such as growth mindset, gratitude and understanding meaning of struggle can promote wellbeing. However, there are times when what you are going through is so painful that trying to follow such ideas holds back, rather than helps, your healing(愈合). ① _________
It turns out that in times of great pain, our wisest choice is not to find meaning or growth in our experience. ② _________ Pain and suffering are often followed by meaning, but sometimes that meaning comes days, weeks or even years after the experience.
For particularly challenging or painful experiences, you may need time to make an appropriate response. ③ _________ If you are going to experience growth and meaning, learn to wait patiently.
When you are in the thick of pain, meaning can feel difficult to understand. ④ _________ But with time and distance, meaning often appears, even when you least expect it. The most important thing to do in great suffering is to release yourself from any expectations altogether. Be patient and be kind to yourself. Seek help and social support. It's great if you find immediate meaning and growth in your experience. But if not, that's OK too. ⑤ _________
A. Trying to force it usually backfires.
B. It takes great energy to make sense of it
C. Perhaps the real growth is learning to let it be.
D. The result is that you feel worse about yourself.
E. Instead, simply focusing on getting through is enough.
F. The more challenging the experience, the longer it takes.
G. You can hardly gain wellbeing from extreme sorrow or bad condition
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：has been desiring
解析：句意为:自上个月以来,乔治和他以前的一些同班同学就一直希望在今年夏天举办一场毕业二十周年的同学聚会。根据时间状语Since last month可知,此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时;“希望在今年夏天举办一场毕业二十周年的同学聚会”这个想法是一直存在的,还可能继续下去,故用现在完成进行时;主语为 George,是第三人称单数,助动词用has。
2.答案：commitment
解析：句意为:王老师的奉献使他深受学生们喜爱,也赢得了他们的尊敬。设空处前有名词所有格 Mr Wang's修饰,应用名词。故填commitment,意为“奉献”。
3.答案：ranks
解析：句意为:中国人工智能公司的数量不断增加,目前在全球市场上排名第二。分析句子可知,空格处与continues为并列谓语,应用一般现在时,rank与句子主语之间为主动关系。故填ranks。
4.答案： belonging
解析：句意为:我们都知道,中国是第三世界的发展中国家。设空处作后置定语,belong to与所修饰词a developing country之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词belonging。
5.答案： thoroughly
解析：句意为:温和的气温和清新的空气能彻底缓解压力,这使春游成为那些过着繁忙现代生活的人的又一休闲选择。设空处应用副词,修饰stress-relieving,故填 thoroughly。
6.答案：has
解析：句意为:煤气天然没有可识别的气味。分析句子结构可知,空格处作谓语,本句话是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语Gas在此处意为“煤气;天然气”,为不可数名词,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
7.答案：cruelty
解析：句意为:汉娜 弗雷泽出演了纪录片《海豚湾》,这部纪录片旨在突出捕杀海豚的残酷性。分析句子结构可知,此处为名词作宾语,cruel的名词为 cruelty,意为“残酷;残忍”时为不可数名词。
8.答案：had observed
解析：句意为:这是我们第二次一起庆祝这个节日。it/this was the first/second/... time that sb/sth had done sth为固定句型,意为“这是某人/某物第一/二/……次做某事”,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。故填had observed。
9.答案：was fixing
解析：句意为:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。分析句子结构可知,设空处为主句谓语。此处考查be doing sth when...结构,意为“正在做某事,这时突然……”。该句描述的是过去某个时刻正在发生的动作,故使用过去进行时。故填was fixing。
10.答案：have approached/have been approaching
解析：句意为:这几天有好几家公司(一直在)和安德森接洽,他已经收到了各种各样的工作邀请。根据时间状语 these few days 和 he's had job offers of all sorts可知,此处应用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作延续到现在,并对现在造成影响;此处也可用现在完成进行时,强调动作会一直延续下去。主语为复数形式,助动词应用 have。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, as I watched my son Nathan play basketball for his high school team, I was starting to feel sorry for myself and... Nathan’s team was trailing for three quarters of the game.”可知,一开始的时候,作者为自己的儿子感到难过,他儿子所在的队在球场上正面临困境,他们是在客场比赛,他儿子所在的队在比赛举行了四分之三的时候处于落后状态,所以作者认为自己儿子所在的球队会输掉客场比赛,故选D。
12.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“During my drive home, I kept telling myself that I would find work again in a short time—I was confident in my experience and ability.”可知,作者对自己充满了信心,同时也很乐观,故选B。
13.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“nail the free throw with such skill”可知,Nathan只有不理睬所有分心的事物才能投中罚球。故选A。
14.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。文章最后一段中的“That brief moment... we both won.”点明文章中心。作者的儿子在球场上的举动也给了作者启发,作者的儿子在球场上的坚持不懈教会了作者在生活中也应坚持不懈,这是生活中和篮球中的一课。故选C。
2.七选五
答案：DEFAC
解析：①根据空前“A large body of research shows that ideas such as growth mindset, gratitude and understanding meaning of struggle can promote wellbeing. However, there are times when what you are going through is so painful that trying to follow such ideas holds back, rather than helps, your healing (愈合).(大量的研究表明，成长心态、感恩和理解努力的意义等想法可以促进幸福感。但是，有时你所经历的事如此痛苦以至于试图遵循这些想法会阻碍而不是帮助你恢复。)”可知，空前提到所经历的事情太痛苦，从而遵循成长心态、感恩和理解努力的意义等想法会阻碍你的恢复，故D项“结果就是你感觉更糟糕。”符合，说明经历的事情太痛苦，然而那些想法会阻碍你的恢复，从而结果就是你感觉更糟糕，故选D。
②根据空前“It turns out that in times of great pain ,our wisest choice is not to find meaning or growth in our experience.(结果表明，在痛苦的时候，我们最明智的选择不是在我们经历中寻找意义或成长。)”可知，空前提到在痛苦的时候，我们的选择不是在经历中去寻找意义或成长，故E项“相反，仅仅专注于克服目前的困难就足够了。”符合，空前提到我们明智的选择不是去寻找成长，此空解释应该怎么做，应该专注于克服目前的困难的时候就可以，故选E。
③根据空前“For particularly challenging or painful experiences, you may need time to make an appropriate response.(对于特别具有挑战性或者痛苦的经历，你可能需要时间做出适当的回应。)” 可知，F项“经历越具有挑战性，需要的时间就越长。”是前文的顺义承接，特别具有挑战性的经历，需要花时间去做出适当的回应，经历越具有挑战性，需要的时间就越长，故选F项。
④根据空前“When you are in the thick of pain, meaning can feel difficult to understand.(当你深陷痛苦时，你会觉得难以理解其中的含义。)”和空后“But with time and distance ,meaning often appears, even when you least expect it.(但是随着时间和距离的推移，意义往往会出现，即使是在你最不期待的时候。)”可知，空前提到深陷痛苦时，很难理解其中的意义，空后转折，提到随着时间和距离的推移，意义会出现，故此处应承接前文，故A项“强迫会适得其反。”符合，深陷痛苦时，很难理解其中的意义，且强迫更会适得其反，但随着时间和距离的推移，意义往往会出现，故选A。
⑤根据空前“It's great if you find immediate meaning and growth in your experience. But if not, that's OK too.(如果你在经历中找到了直接的意义和成长，那就太好了。但如果没有，那也没关系。)”可知，空前提如果在经历中没有找到直接的意义和成长也没关系，故C项“也许真正的成长是学会顺其自然”符合，承接前文，即使在经历中没有找到直接的意义和成长也没关系，也许真正的成长是学会顺其自然，故选C。Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Using Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
nephew n.侄子; 外甥
advertising n. __________________
advertise v. __________________
corporate adj. __________________
rough adj.汹涌的; 粗糙的: 粗略的
navigator n.领航员;( 飞机、船舶等上的 ) 航行者
loyal adj. __________________
motor n.发动机;马达adj. __________________
candidate n.候选人; 应试者
episode n.(人生的)一段经历;(小说的)片段;插曲
commitment n.承诺;保证;奉献
motive n. __________________
Confucianism n.孔子学说;儒家(学说)
2. 重点短语
make fire __________________
___________ 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
___________ 远航
ahead of 在……前面
___________ 使某人振作起来
put out a fire 灭火
be bored with... __________________
pretty well 几乎
deal with __________________
___________ 以......的方式
3. 重点句型
1. If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve. (if引导的虚拟条件句)
2.We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. (“make+ 宾语+宾补”结构)
二、易错点讲解
1. What if... 如果……会怎么样呢
(1)表示假设,意为“假若……”“假若……怎么办”“要是……将会怎么样”。其后句子可用陈述语气(用一般现在时),也可用虚拟语气(用一般过去时或should+动词原形)。若是针对过去的情况,从句则用过去完成时。
What if it rains when we can't get to school on time
假若下起雨来,我们没法按时到校怎么办
(2)表示邀请或建议,意为“如果……怎么样”“如果……如何”
What if you join us for lunch
和我们一起吃午饭怎么样
(3)表示不重要,意为“就算……那又怎样”,通常与so连用。若句意清楚,so what if...有时可省略成so what。
So what if she gave up the election. Who cares
她就算放弃选举了那又怎样。谁在乎
2. There be+主语+非谓语动词
非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰前面的主语。
(1) There be+主语+ doing(表示主动和进行)
There are 300 people moving to the new factory in the south.
有三百人搬到南方的新工厂。
(2) There be +主语+ done (表被动和完成)
In this book, there are some passages learnt before.
在这本书里，有一些以前学过的段落。
(3) There will be+主语+ to do(表示动作尚未发生)
There will be some problems to discuss at the conference.
会议上将有一些问题要讨论。
三、基础练习
1.When the Beijing Opera artist stepped onto the stage, the audience applauded __________ (enthusiastic).
2. __________ is very important for us not to abandon ourselves to despair when faced with some bitter experiences.
3.Many flowers that are grown in the garden give __________ a nice smell.
4.Kate, __________ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
5.The only way to make high-quality, lasting friendships is to learn to be__________ (genuine) interested in your friends and their interests.
6.Since 1962, Pacific Science Center__________ (inspire) a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, maths and technology.
7.Human life is regarded as part of nature, and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony__________ nature.
8.However, I soon discover that much has changed since the days of__________ (disturb)reports of camps among tons of rubbish.
9.I would have no hesitation in recommending him for the job, because his__________ (qualify) are so satisfactory.
10.The temple__________ (stand) on the opposite side of the street was built in the Tang Dynasty.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
With red claws and face plus a large, curved black beak and crest—the crested ibis (朱鹮) is known as the beauty bird or fairy bird in China. They have existed for nearly 60 million years and were widespread in China, Korea, Japan and Russia until the 1960s when the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers, plus a loss of Habitat, drove the birds lo near extinction. At one point, the entire species around the world was thought to be down to only six birds.
However, Liu Yinzeng, then a researcher at the Zoology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, refused to accept what seemed to be the birds’ destiny. At 42, he headed a team setting out on a mission in 1975 to search for crested ibises in the wild in China. His team searched through mountainous areas in nine provinces over three years, yet all to no avail. Finally, in May 1981, a breakthrough came. The team found two adult crested ibises in Yang county in Shaanxi province. A week later, two other adult crested ibises with three chicks were found nesting in a tree at a farm in the same area.
Steps were taken to ensure the birds were not disturbed, with people stationed 24/7 near the tree to prevent attacks by other animals. Farmers were also banned from using fertilizers and pesticide at the nearby farm for fear of poisoning the birds. A ban was also placed on shooting guns in case it scared the birds away.
The area where the birds were initially found became the site of the first crested ibis conservation station in China and 19 chicks were born from 1981 until 1990. A breeding program for the birds was later started in the 1990s and crested ibises began to nest in Zhejiang, Sichuan and Henan provinces. Today, some five decades later, the number of crested ibises in China has reached more than 2,600 at the last count, the Chinese state-run news agency Xinhua reported this month.
11.What can we learn about the crested ibises from the first paragraph
A.They are the most beautiful birds in China.
B.They used to be widespread across the world.
C.Human activities put them in extreme danger.
D.Climate change made their number fall sharply.
12.What do the underlined words “to no avail” mean in paragraph 2
A.In vain. B.With passion. C.By chance. D.Beyond control.
13.How were the crested ibises protected after they were found in the wild
A.They were relocated to a conservation station.
B.Guns were banned to avoid illegal bird-hunting.
C.People guarded them near the tree day and night.
D.A breeding program for them began immediately.
14.Which can be a suitable title for the text
A.The Price China Paid in Protecting Wildlife
B.China’s Roadmap to Human-Nature Harmony
C.How Chinese Scientists Found Crested Ibis
D.How China Saved Crested Ibis from Extinction
2.七选五
Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car, while some others don't. ①______ Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races.
One kind of race is the time trial. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finish line. The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race. A time trial is a very safe race for beginners. ②______ Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed to traffic. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. They cover many laps (一圈) going around and around the city blocks. ③______ It also requires skillful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.
④______ Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3,000 miles. The course may be a straight stretch of roads or a long series of roads across the country. The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finish line.
Between races cyclists stay in good condition by doing exercise that builds up their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time. As cyclists become more experienced, they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers. ⑤______ If you're a cyclist, keep practising. You could become a star.
A. The race requires more than speed.
B. Only experienced cyclists can enter the race.
C. For them , bicycling is actually an exciting sport.
D. Road races are usually the longest cycling contests.
E. Then they can enter special races all over the country.
F. Cyclists still need to Build themselves up for those races.
G. The bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：enthusiastically
解析：考查副词。句意:当那位京剧艺术家登上舞台时,观众热情地鼓掌。空格处作状语修饰动词applauded。故用副词。enthusiastic的副词形式为enthusiastically。
2.答案：It
解析：考查it作形式主语。句意:对于我们来说,当面对一些痛苦的经历时,不让自己沉湎于绝望是很重要的。此处为“It is important for sb. not to do sth.”句型,It作形式主语,动词不定式短语作真正的主语。故填It(首字母应大写)。
3.答案：off
解析：考查固定搭配。句意:花园里种的许多花都发出一种好闻的气味。give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)。故填 off。
4.答案：whose
解析：引导词whose在从句中作定语,修饰sister。
5.答案：genuinely
解析：句意为:建立高质哑、持久友谊的唯一方法是学会对你的朋友和他们的兴趣真正感兴趣。设空处修饰形容词 interested,作状语,要用副词形式。故填 genuinely。
6.答案：has been inspiring
解析：句意为:自1962年以来,太平洋科学中心一直在激发人们对科学、数学和技术的发现和终身学习的热情。由时间状语Since 1962可知, inspire这一动作始于过去,持续到现在,根据语境判断,这个动作还会持续下去,故用现在完成进行时;主语为单数概念,助动词用 has。
7.答案：with
解析：句意为:人类生命被认为是大自然的一部分,我们生存的唯一方式就是与大自然和谐相处。in harmony with ...意为“与……和谐相处;和……协调”,为固定短语。
8.答案：disturbing
解析：句意为:然而,我很快发现,自从有令人不安的报道称营地里有成吨的垃圾以来,情况发生了很大变化。设空处修饰名词reports,应用形容词;disturb 的形容词形式有两种,disturbing常用于修饰事或物,意为“令人不安的”;disturbed 常用于修饰人,意为“不安的”。此处修饰reports,要用 disturbing。
9.答案：qualifications
解析：句意为:我将毫不犹豫地推荐他做这项工作,因为他的资历是如此令人满意。设空处作 because 引导的原因状语从句的主语,其前有形容词性物主代词his修饰,其后有are,应用名词的复数形式。
10.答案：standing
解析：句意为:位于街道对面的那座寺庙建于唐朝。句子的谓语为 was built,设空处作定语修饰 temple,应用非谓语动词形式,temple 和 stand之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They have existed for nearly 60 million years and were widespread in China, Korea, Japan and Russia until the 1960s when the widespread use of pesticides and fertilizers, plus a loss of Habila, drove the birds lo near extinction.”(它们已经存在了近6000万年,广泛分布在中国、韩国、日本和俄罗斯,直到20世纪60年代,杀虫剂和化肥的广泛使用,加上哈比拉的消失,使这种鸟类濒临灭绝。)可知,人类活动使朱鹮处于极度危险之中。故选C。
12.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第二段第三句中的yet和第四句“Finally, in May 1981, a breakthrough came.”(1981年5月,终于有了突破。)可知,此处是指在1981年5月前所有的努力都是徒劳,所以to no avail意为“徒劳无功”。故选A。
13.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Steps were taken to ensure the birds were not disturbed, with people stationed 24/7 near the tree to prevent attacks by other animals.”(为了确保鸟儿们不受打扰,人们每天24小时都在树旁待命,防止其他动物袭击。)可知,朱鹮在野外被发现后,人们日夜守护在树旁以保护它们。故选C。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“However, Liu Yinzeng, then a researcher at the Zoology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, refused to accept what seemed to be the birds’ destiny.”(然而,当时中国科学院动物研究所的研究员刘银增拒绝接受这种鸟的命运。),第三段第一句“Steps were taken to ensure the birds were not disturbed, with people stationed 24/7 near the tree to prevent attacks by other animals.”(为了确保鸟儿们不受打扰,人们24小时都在树旁待命,防止其他动物袭击。)和最后一段第一句“The area where the birds were initially found became the site of the first crested ibis conservation station in China and 19 chicks were born from 1981 until 1990.”(这些鸟最初被发现的地区成为中国第一个朱鹮保护站的所在地,从1981年到1990年,有19只雏鸟出生。)以及最后一句“Today, some five decades later, the number of crested ibises in China has reached more than 2,600 at the last count, the Chinese state-run news agency Xinhua reported this month.”(据中国官方通讯社新华社本月报道,大约50年后的今天,根据最近一次统计,中国朱鹮的数量已超过2600只。)可知,文章主要是讲中国是如何拯救朱鹮的。故选D。
2.七选五
答案：CGADE
解析：①根据上文 Some people put their bicycles away once they learn how to drive a car, while some others don't.及下文 Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races.可知,设空处应承上启下,讲述自行车选手的情况。故C项(对他们来说,骑自行车实际上是一项令人兴奋的运动)符合语境。
②根据上文One kind of race is the time trial. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finish line.以及A time trial is a very safe race for beginners.可知,自行车计时赛的参赛者在不同的时间离开起跑线,计时赛对初学者来说是非常安全的比赛。G项(这些自行车都分散开了,不太可能相撞)解释了计时赛对初学者来说非常安全的原因,符合语境。
③根据下文It also requires skillful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.可知,这种比赛要求在全速行驶的同时,还要熟练地操作自行车。故A项(这种比赛要求的不仅仅是速度)符合语境。
④根据下文 Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3,000 miles. The course may be a strait stretch of roads or a long series of roads across the country.可知,此处介绍的是第三种比赛十一自行车公路赛。故D项(公路赛通常是最长的自行车比赛)总起全段,符合语境。
⑤根据上文As cyclists become more experienced, they often join bicycling groups and become licensed racers.可知,当自行车选手有很多经验,而且有了执照后,他们就可以参加各种比赛了。故E项(然后他们可以参加全国各地的特殊比赛)符合语境。
